genetics review (basic)

Genetics Review(Basic)

1. What is the molecule that carries all the information about how a

living thing will look and function?

DNA

2. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?

DNA is located in the nucleus

3. What are the factors that control an individual’s characteristics and are

passed down from parent to offspring?

Genes

4. Where are genes located?

On DNA

Gene 1

Gene 2

5. Some genes come in more than one form that can express different traits. What are these different forms called?

Alleles

Spot Color Gene

Red spot allele

Yellow spot allele

6. The principle which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

Principle of Dominance

Kinked tails are dominant over straight tails.

7. A specific characteristic of an individual, like flower color.

Trait

8. The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a

new cell.

Fertilization

9. The separation of alleles.

Segregation

White flower allele p Purple flower alleleP

10. Another name for sex cells.

Gametes

Sperm

Egg

11. The likelihood that a particular event will occur.

Probability

12. The probability that a coin will come up heads three times in a row.

½ = 1/8½ ½x x

?

13. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Homozygous

Tall allele Tall alleleT T

14. The physical characteristics of an organism.

Phenotype

15. Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous

Tall allele Short alleleT t

16. The genetic makeup of an organism.

Genotype

TtppRrIIggYY

17. How many different gametes can a Tt individual produce?

Two:

Tt

18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?

Four:

RrGgRrGg


Four:

RrGgRrGg

RG


Four:

RrGgRrGg

RG

Rg


Four:

RrGgRrGg

RG

Rg

rG

19. How many different gametes can a IIrrYY individual produce?

One:

IIrrYY

I Yr

20. What is the square below called?

x

A Punnett Square

R Round seed

Wrinkled seed r

LegendF1

P

21. What does P and F1 stand for?

x Parental generation

R Round seed

Wrinkled seed r

LegendF1

P

Filial generation(offspring)

22. What is the genotype of each parent?

r r

R

r

R Round seed

Wrinkled seed r

LegendF1

x ? ?

22. What is the genotype of each parent?

r r

R

r

R Round seed

Wrinkled seed r

Legend

HeterozygousHomozygous

recessive

F1

x Rr rr

23. What is the phenotype of each parent?

Round seeds

Wrinkled seeds

r r

R

r

R Round seed

Wrinkled seed r

LegendF1

x Rr rr

24. Complete the Punnett Square?

r r

R

r

R Round seed

Wrinkled seed r

Legend

Rr Rr

rr rr

F1

x Rr rr

25. What percent of the F1 offspring are homozygous recessive?

r r

R

r

R Round seed

Wrinkled seed r

Legend

Rr Rr

rr rr

F1

x Rr rr

50 %

26. For this cross, what percent of F1 offspring will be homozygous dominant?

x

p p

P

P

P Purple flower

White flower p

Legend

PP pp

Pp Pp

Pp Pp

F1

P

0 %

27. A principle that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently

during the formation of gametes.Independent assortment

28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ?

28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ?

23 = Eight different gametes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

29. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below.

Roan cow

Pinto (Paint)

Erminette chicken

Spangled chicken

Codominance

30. Name the type of inheritance pattern shown below

Incomplete dominance

Parents

F1

F2

X Hybrids

X


Multiple alleles

P = patternp = no patternPM = MoonPB = Box


Polygenic Inheritance

Human eye color and fruit fly eye color

33. Besides genotype, what other factor influences how a snowshoe hare’s phenotype (coat color)

changes over a period of one year?

The environment

34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.

C D EA B

34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.

CD EAB

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II

35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.

CD EAB


JF IHG

35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.

CD EAB


J F IH G

Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Cytokinesis

36. Draw a diagram showing the process of crossing over.

37. Draw two genes that are not linked.

Because the black and green genes are on separate chromosomes, they

are not linked.

38. Draw two genes that are linked.

Linked genes

Because the purple and white genes are on the

same chromosome, they are linked.

39. Which gene pair is most likely to be separated by a crossing over event and why?

Because genes B and C are very close to one another,

there is a low probability that a crossing over event will

occur between them.

A

B

C

Because genes A and C are far apart from each

other, there is a high probability that a crossing

over event will occur between them.

Genes A and C

40. Who is this guy and what important work did he do?

Gregor Mendel: He discovered some basic

rules of heredity by experimenting with

pea plants.

genetics review (basic)

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