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Social Science – Part 2

Geography and Economics

STD. IX  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai

Written as per the revised syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board

of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune.

Salient Features

• Exhaustive coverage of entire syllabus in Question Answer Format • Covers answers to all Textual Questions • Self Evaluative in nature • Simple and lucid language • Neat and authentic Maps • Quick Review at the end of every chapter • Practice Question Paper at the end of every chapter

Fifth Edition: April 2016

10044_10661_JUP

P.O. No. 18595

Preface In the case of good books, the point is not how many of them you can get through, but rather how many can get through to you.

“Std. IX: Geography and Economics” is a complete and thorough guide extensively drafted to boost the student’s confidence. The book covers the entire syllabus in question answer format. Each and every topic is divided into subtopics for better understanding of concepts. The format of this book not only helps the student to understand the concepts but also helps to write the answers based on the concepts. The book includes neat and authentic Maps to support the answers where required. Questions on Map reading and Mapping are also provided to the student for better preparation. A separate section of Quick Review at the end of every chapter has been provided to enable quick and easy revision. Additionally, we have provided Question Papers at the end of each chapter [20 Marks for Geography and 10 Marks for Economics] which will facilitate revision and practice for the student.

The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.

A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully, Publisher  

No. Topic Name Page No.

GEOGRAPHY 1 Concept of Region 1 2 Natural Resources 11 3 Occupation 33 4 Agriculture 46 5 Industries 58 6 Transportation, Communication and Tourism 68 7 Population 83 8 Regional Development 94 9 Practical 105

ECONOMICS 1 Introduction of Economics 113 2 Basic Concepts of Economics 116 3 Sources of Income 119 4 Family Budget 124

 

Note: Textual questions are represented by * mark.  

 

1

Chapter 01: Concept of Region

Q.1.A. Complete the following statements by

choosing the appropriate alternative from those given in the brackets.

(1 mark each) Maharashtra (Location and Extent) 1. Maharashtra State came into existence on

_______. (1st June 1960, 1st May 1960, 1st July 1960,

1st March 1960) 2. State of _______ lies to the northwest of

Maharashtra. (Gujarat, Goa, MadhyaPradesh, Rajasthan)

3. The east-west maximum stretch of

Maharashtra is approximately _______ km. (860, 780, 870, 680)

4. The north-south maximum stretch of

Maharashtra is approximately _____ km. (730, 370, 430, 703)

5. Maharashtra State is located along the

_______ coast of Peninsular India. (eastern, western, northern, southern)

6. The geographical area of Maharashtra State is

_______ lakh sq. km. (3.40, 3.08,3.80, 3.01).

7. Maharashtra has _______ districts of varying

areal extent. (36, 25,45, 55) 8. _______ district in Maharashtra is the smallest

in terms of areal extent. (Pune, Satara, Raigad, Mumbai City)

9. There are _______ talukas in Maharashtra.

(455, 123, 355, 457) *10. There are approximately _______ thousand

villages in Maharashtra. (65, 41, 51, 53) 11. For the administrative purposes, the 36

districts in Maharashtra are placed into _______ divisions.(six, five, three, two)

Concept of a Region 12. Different parts of a vast area having common

characteristics are called_______. (regions, talukas, administrative blocks, zilas)

13. Area having a great relief is called _______ region.

(hilly, forest, plain, plateau) 14. Mountainous region or forest region are the

regions based on the _______ characteristics. (physical, cultural, economic, social)

Boundaries of Regions

15. Boundaries are demarcated on map as well as on _______.

(ground, regions, walls, lines) 16. The boundaries of geographical regions are in

the form of_______ zones. (transitional, thin, political, administrative)

*17. Boundaries of _______ regions are practically

marked on the ground. (rainfall, population, political, crop)

*18. Of the geographical regions, only _______ has

its boundaries in the form of a line. (rainfall region, coastal region, river basin,

climate region) Regions based on Physical Setting

19. The region to the east of Western Ghats having low relief, without the same direction of slope is known as _______ region.

(plateau, plain, mountainous, hilly) 20. The area occupied by Tapi basin in North

Maharashtra has a _______ slope. (eastward, northward, westward,

southward) *21. The overall slope of land in the Wardha

Wainganga basin is towards _______ direction.

(east,west, north, south) 22. The region along with the Tapi basin is a high

relief region known as _______. (Satpuda, Vidharbha, Wardha, Wainganga)

23. Conventionally, blue colour is always used to

represent _______on the map. (water, wind, ice, hill)

Concept of Region01

2

Std. IX : Geography 

Regions on the basis of Economic Factors 24. In Maharashtra, Cotton area is concentrated in

the _______ rainfall zone. (low, very high, high, medium)

*25. Crop region of cotton spreads in _______ part

of Maharashtra. (western, north-central, eastern, southern)

26. Starting from Dhule district, a continuous belt

of cotton area extends eastward upto _______District.

(Nagpur, Wardha, Sindhudurg, Amaravati) B. Match the words from Column ‘A’ with

Column ‘B’ (1 mark each) 1. Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ i. Units of District a. Westward slope ii. Tapi basin b. North Central part

of Maharashtra iii. Concentration of

cotton crop c. Isohytes

iv. Wardha Wainganga basin

d. Talukas

e. North South directionAns: (i – d ), (ii – a), (iii – b), (iv – e) Q.2. Answer in Brief (Questions for self study) Maharashtra (Location and Extent) 1. Name the largest district in Maharashtra in

terms of areal extent. Ans: The largest district in Maharashtra in terms of

areal extent is Ahmednagar. 2. Why are the districts in Maharashtra

divided into Talukas? Ans: The districts in Maharashtra are divided into

Talukas for better administrative purposes. 3. How is the population in Maharashtra

distributed? Ans: The population in Maharashtra is distributed

in approximately 41,000 villages and 378 urban centers in Maharashtra.

Concept of a Region 4. What is a region? Ans: i. A small portion of a vast area having

common characteristics is called a region.

ii. These characteristics can be physical, cultural, social, economic etc.

5. What are mountainous or hilly regions? Ans: i. The areas having greater relief are

known as mountainous or hilly regions. ii. These are regions based on the physical

characteristics. 6. What is a forest region? Ans: i. When there is dense growth of trees in a

region, it is known as forest region. ii. It is identified based on the physical

characteristics of the region. 7. Which factors influence the socio-economic

and cultural aspects of a region? Ans: Some of the factors which influence the socio-

economic and cultural aspects of a region are: i. The people residing in the area.

ii. Manner in which they have adjusted to the physical conditions.

iii. The way in which natural resources are utilized by them.

8. What are Administrative regions? Ans: i. When areas are divided into suitable

regions for the case of administration, they are known as Administrative regions.

ii. Administrative regions have well demarcated boundaries.

iii. For e.g., Maharashtra State is divided into 36 districts for administrative purposes.

Boundaries of Regions 9. Name the essential data required for

drawing the boundary of climate on the map.

Ans: i. The essential data used to draw boundary of climate on the map is temperature and rainfall.

ii. However, they do not change abruptly on the line of the boundary, but change gradually over a region.

Regions based on Physical Setting 10. State the factors for the identification of the

physiographic regions. Ans: i. Physiographic regions of an area are

identified on the basis of factors like height, relief, slope, rock type etc.

ii. For e.g., the Konkan, along the west coast, stands out as a distinct physiographic region due to its westward slope,low height and easily identifiable boundries of the costline in the west and the Western Ghat escarpment in the east.

3

Chapter 01: Concept of Region

11. How can we identify Western Ghat region? Ans: i. The Western Ghat region can be easily

identified due to its great height and relief.

ii. It is a north-south extending physiographic region.

12. Name the three distinct regions of

Maharashtra on the basis of direction of the slope.

Ans: The three distinct regions of Maharashtra on the basis of direction of the slope are:

i. The area occupied by the Tapi basin in north Maharashtra having westward slope.

ii. The area occupied by the Wardha-Wainganga river basin sloping in the north-south direction.

iii. Rest of the plateau area having eastward slope.

13. How are the different hills and ranges

separated towards the south of Ajanta range and east of the Ghats?

Ans: The different hills and ranges towards the south of Ajanta range and east of the Ghats are separated on the basis of major river basins such as Godavari, Bhima and Krishna.

Regions on the basis of Economic Factors 14. Which factors are included under the group

of economic factors? Ans: Agriculture, Industry,Trade and similar factors

are included under the group of economic factors.

15. What is the essential and basic exercise of

the planning process? Ans: i. Identification of regions is an essential

and basic exercise of the planning process.

ii. Region selection helps planner to plan the developmental strategies.

Q.3. Write short notes on (2 marks each) Maharashtra (Location and Extent) 1. Location and extent of Maharashtra. Ans: i. Maharashtra State extends between 15

35 46 N and 22 02 13 N latitudes and between 72 38 45 E and 80 53 17 E longitudes.

ii. State of Gujarat lies to the northwest of Maharashtra.

iii. Madhya Pradesh lies in the north and to the east is the State of Chhattisgarh.

iv. Goa, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh are located to the south of the state.

v. The east-west and the north-south maximum stretches of the state are approximately 860 km and 730 km respectively.

vi. The state is located along the western coast of Peninsular India.

vii. Its geographical area is 3.08 lakh sq. km. viii. The State is gifted with a coast line of

720 km. 2. Administrative divisions of Maharashtra. Ans: i. There are 41,000 villages and 378 urban

centers that accommodate the entire population of Maharashtra.

ii. Maharashtra is divided into suitable regions for the ease of administration and they are known as Districts.

iii. There are 36 Districts of varying areal extent in Maharashtra.

iv. These Districts are further divided in to smaller units called Talukas.

v. There are 355 Talukas within the 36 Districts of in Maharashtra.

vi. For further administrative purposes, the 36 districts are placed into six Divisions of Konkan, Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad, Amaravati and Nagpur.

Boundaries of Regions

*3. Boundaries of Geographical Regions. Ans: i. Boundaries of geographical regions

differ considerably from political and administrative boundaries which are precisely demarcated on map as well as on ground.

ii. For e.g., temperature and rainfall data are used to draw the geographical boundaries of climatic regions.

iii. However, the climate does not change suddenly (abrubtly) on the line of the boundary. It changes gradually over that entire region in transitions.

iv. Due to such changes in most geographical factors that take place in a gradual manner, their boundaries are also in the form of transitional zones on ground, even if they are determined on the basis of quantitative information.

4

Std. IX : Geography 

v. Hence, for most geographical regions, boundaries are drawn only on maps and never on ground.

vi. It is only the river basins, where precise boundaries can be found as they are defined on the basis of lines of water divide.

*4. Factors of Region Identification. Ans: i. Regions are identified on the basis of

one or multiple factors. ii. Regions can be identified on the basis of

physical, economic, social, cultural factors, considering a single factor or their combination. There are many factors in each of these groups.

iii. Physiographic regions of an area are identified on the basis of factors like height, relief, slope, rock type etc.

iv. For e.g., the Konkan, along the west coast stands out as a distinct physiographic region due to its westward slope, low height, coastline in the west and Western Ghat escarpment in the east.

v. Regions may not always be identified on multiple factors. Single factors such as rainfall can also be used to identify a region.

vi. Regions can also be identified by considering data on economic factors like agriculture, industries, trade etc.For e.g. cotton producing region, sugarcane producing region etc.

vii. In addition to the above, administrative regions are formed for the administrative purposes. e.g. Districts, Talukas etc.

Regions on the basis of Economic Factors

5. Concentration of factories in Maharashtra. Ans: The concentration of factories in Maharashtra

is as follows: i. There is high concentration of factories

in Mumbai (City and Suburban), Thane (Thane and Palghar) and Solapur districts. These districts have 46-62 factories per lakh population.

ii. It is followed by Raigad and Pune districts which have 40-45 factories per lakh population.

iii. The districts like Nandurbar, Gadchiroli, Beed, Osmanabad and Latur have very low concentration of factories. These districts have less than seven factories per lakh population.

Q.4. Give Geographical Reasons for the

following (2 marks each) Concept of a Region

1. The factors that influence the socio-economic and cultural aspects of a region are many.

Ans: i. The regions based on the socio-economic and cultural aspects are largely influenced by a variety of factors.

ii These factors inculde the people residing in the area, the manner in which they have adjusted to the physical conditions and the way they utilize available natural resource.

Thus, many factors influence the socio-economic and cultured aspects of a region.

2. Different characteristics are taken into

consideration when an area is referred to as a region.

Ans: When an area is taken into consideration as a region, following characteristics are expected to be present.

i. At least one or more characteristics have to be common

ii. Regional Continuity iii. Common Regional Personality iv. Similarity Boundaries of Regions

*3. Boundaries of geographical regions are not marked on the ground.

Ans: Refer Q.3, (3). *4. Boundaries of geographical regions are in

the form of transitional zones. Ans: i. Boundaries of land areas and boundaries

of geographical regions differ considerably.

ii. Changes in most of the geographical factors take place in a gradual manner, in the form of transition.

iii. As a result, boundaries of geographical regions are also in the form of transitional zones.

5

Chapter 01: Concept of Region

iv. For e.g., to determine a climatic region,data like temperature and rainfall of that region is used to draw the boundary on the map. Since both these factors change in a transition,its boundaries are in the form of transitional zones.

Regions Based on Physical Setting *5. The low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is

parallel to the western ghats. Ans: i. The region of low rainfall is defined by

isohyet of 700 mm, which means rainfall is less than 700 mm.

ii. The region of low rainfall in Maharashtra is in the rainshadow area of the ghat.

iii. It extends in the north-south direction and hence it is parallel to the western ghats.

Thus, the low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is parallel to the western ghats.

Regions on the basis of Economic Factors 6. The identification of regions is an essential

and basic exercise of planning process. Ans: i. The identification of regions helps the

planner to plan the developmental activities.

ii. It helps in the smooth functioning of the economic activities.

iii. Concentration or lack of economic activities in a particular area can be studied.

iv. It also helps in the research over the area in detail.

Hence the identification of regions is an essential and basic exercise of planning process.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in detail

(4 marks each) Regions based on Physical Setting *1. What are the factors used to identify the

physiographic regions of Maharashtra in the lesson? Explain the salient features of Konkan as a physiographic region.

Ans: The factors used to identify the physiographic regions of Maharashtra in the lesson are:

i. Based on height, relief, slope, rock type etc.

ii. The Konkan, Western Ghat and the plateau can be identified on the basis of height and relief.

iii. On the basis of slope, three distinct regions can be identified. They are:

a. the Tapi basin having a westward slope;

b. the Wardha-Waingange basin having north-south slope;

c. the rest of the Plateau having an eastward slope.

iv. Physiographic regions of Maharashtra are also identified on the basis of single factor like rainfall distribution.

v. There are 4 regions identified on the basis of rainfall distribution. They are:

a. very high rainfall i.e. more than 3000 mm, e.g. Western Ghat region;

b. high rainfall i.e. between 1000 mm and 3000 mm, e.g. Konkan, parts of the Ghat and most of the Wardha-Wainganga basin;

c. medium rainfall i.e. between 700 mm and 1000 mm and

d. low rainfall i.e. less than 700 mm, e.g. regions that are roughly parallel to the Ghats and in north-south direction.

vi. Salient features of Konkan as a physiographic region are as follows:

a. Westward slope

b. Low height

c. Coast line in the west

d. Western Ghat escarpment in the east.

e. North-south extending region.

Mumbai

Thane

Raigad

Sindhudurg

Maharashtra State

N

Konkan Division

Ratnagiri

Palghar

ARABIAN SEA

6

Std. IX : Geography 

Regions on the basis of Economic Factors *2. Explain the basis on which the crop region

for cotton has been identified. Using the map describe the areas in which cotton is a predominant crop.

Ans: i. Crop regions are identified on the basis of the concentration of a given crop.

ii. Certain areas have favourable conditions for the growth of certain crops.

iii. The given map is drawn on the basis of area under cotton crop from different districts.

iv. In the given map, dot method is used to represent cotton crop on the basis of modern rainfall distribution.

v. Each dot represents 1000 hectares of area under the crop.

vi. In regions having very high rainfall, high rainfall and low rainfall there are very few dots.

vii. Most of the dots are concentrated in the medium rainfall zone, which is in the north central parts of the state, starting from Dhule district upto Wardha district.

viii. The medium rainfall zone continue towards south to cover most of the eastern districts of Aurangabad division upto Nanded district.

Q.6. Map Reading (1 mark each) A. By referring map 1.3 on page 4 of your

textbook, answer the following questions. 1. By which method is the given map drawn? Ans: The given map is drawn by using a hill shade

method. 2. Which moutain range lies towards the

north of Maharashtra? Ans: The Satpuda range lies towards the north of

Maharashtra.

3. Name the peak found in the Sahyadri range. Ans: Kalasubai peak is found in the Sahyadri range. 4. Name the river found in Kolhapur district. Ans: The river found in Kolhapur district is river

Panchaganga. B. By referring figure 1.4 on page 5 of your

textbook, answer the following questions. 1. How much rainfall does Mumbai City

receive? Ans: Mumbai City receives an annual rainfall of

above 3000 mm. 2. Name the districts in Maharashtra which

fall under the rain-shadow area. Ans: Nashik, Dhule, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad,

Jalna, Sangli and Solapur fall under the rain-shadow area in Maharashtra.

3. What is the average rainfall received by

Amravati? Ans: The average annual rainfall received by

Amravati is around 700-1000 mm. 4. Name any two districts in Maharashtra

which receive an annual rainfall of about 1000-3000 mm.

Ans: Nagpur and Wardha receive an annual rainfall of about 1000-3000 mm.

*C. By referring map 1.2 on page 3 of your

textbook, make a list of districts falling in each administrative division of Maharashtra state.

Ans:

Division Districts

Konkan Palghar, Thane, Mumbai Suburban, Mumbai City, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg.

Pune Pune, Satara, Solapur, Sangli, Kolhapur.

Nasik Nasik, Ahmednagar, Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon.

Aurangabad Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Parabhani, Hingoli, Nanded, Latur, Osmanabad.

Amravati Amravati, Akola, Washim, Buldhana, Yavatmal.

Nagpur Nagpur, Bhandara, Chandrapur, Wardha, Gondiya, Gadchiroli.

Nandurbar

A r a b i a n S e a

N

Maharashtra StateDistribution of

Cotton 1 Dot = 1,000 Hectare

Satara

Nashik

Ahmadnagar

Beed

Jalna

Parbhani

Latur

Osmanabad

Hingoli

Washim

Akola Amravati

Wardha

Yavatmal

Chandrapur

Nagpur

Solapur

Jalgaon

Dhule

Buldhana

Aurangabad

Nanded

7

Chapter 01: Concept of Region

Q.7. Show the following details on an outline map of Maharashtra (1 mark each) i. Largest district in Maharashtra

ii. Capital of Maharashtra

iii. Sahyadri Mountain

iv. Satpura Mountain

v. Konkan Division

vi. Nagpur Division

Ans: The details are shown in the map given below:

(4)

(2)

(6)

(5)

(1)

(3)A R A B I A N S E A

Maharashtra State Index

(1) Largest district in Maharashtra -Ahmednagar

(2) Capital of Maharashtra-Mumbai (3) Sahyadri Mountain (4) Satpura Mountain (5) Konkan Division (6) Nagpur Division

N

8

Std. IX : Geography 

Quick Review

Maharashtra : Location and Extent

Existence : 1st May 1960

Latitudes : 15 35 46 N and 22 02 13 N

Longitudes: 72 38 45 E and 80 53 17E

East-West distance : 860 km

North-South distance : 730 km

Areal extent : 3.08 lakhs sq. km.

Coastline length : 720 km

Population : 11,23,72,972 (2011 census) Surroundings:

Northwest – Gujarat

North – Madhya Pradesh

East – Chhattisgarh

South – Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh.

Index

A R A B I A N S E A

N

Mumbai

Thane

Ra i g a d

R a t n a g i r i

Pune

Satara

Sangli

Solapur

Kolhapur

Nasik

Dhule Jalgaon

Aurangabad

Jalna

Buldhana Akola

Beed

Ahmednagar

Latur

Nanded

Washim Yavatmal

Nandurbar

Amaravati

Wardha

Osmanabad

Nagpur

Chandrapur

Gadchiroli

Parabhani

Hingoli

Maharashtra State Administrative Division

Amravati division

Aurangabad division

Konkan division

Nagpur division

Nashik division

Pune division

Gondiya

9

Chapter 01: Concept of Region

Administrative Divisions:

Maharashtra is divided into 36 districts placed under 6 divisions: Konkan, Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad, Amaravati and Nagpur.

Largest district – Ahmednagar

Smallest district – Mumbai City

Total Talukas – 355

Total urban centres – 378

Total villages – 41,000 Region:

Certain portion of an area having common characteristics → Region.

Administrative regions → Areas divided for the ease of administration.

Characteristics of region → Regional contiguity, Common Regional Personality, Similarity. Boundaries of Region:

Boundaries of land area are in the form of thin boundary lines. These differ from region to region.

Boundaries of geographical regions are in the form of Transitional zones. Region Identification:

Regions are identified on the basis of one or multiple factors. Regions based on Physical Setting:

Physiographic regions are identified on the basis of factors like height, relief, slope, rock type etc.

Single factor like rainfall distribution is also considered for identification of regions. Regions based on Economic Factors:

Agriculture, industry and trade are included in the group of economic factors.

Crop regions are identified on the basis of the concentration of a given crop.

Regionalisation → process of identification of a region. Rainfall in Maharashtra:

Type Annual Rainfall (in mm) Areas

i. Very high Above 3000 mm Isolated patches in Western Ghats

ii. High 1000 – 3000 mm West : Konkan area and Ghats

East : Wardha – Wainganga basin

iii. Medium 700 – 1000 mm North Central Parts

iv. Low Below 700 mm Regions parallel to Ghats and extending in North-South direction.

Concentration of Factories:

Type Regions

i. High 4662 Mumbai (City and Suburban), Thane, Palghar and Solapur

ii. Medium 4045 Raigad, Pune

iii. Low Less than 7 Nandurbar, Gadchiroli, Beed, Osmanabad, Latur

10

Std. IX : Geography 

Question Paper

Total Marks:20 Q.1 A. Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternative from those

given in thebrackets. [3] i. There are approximately _______ thousand villages in Maharashtra. (65, 41, 51, 53) ii. Boundaries of _______ regions are practically marked on the ground.

(rainfall, population, political, crop) iii. Crop region of cotton spreads in _______ part of Maharashtra.

(western, north-central, eastern, southern) B. Match the words from Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’. [3]

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ i. Konkan Division a. Dhule district ii. Nasik Division b. Kolhapur district iii. Pune Division c. Sindhudurg district

d. Latur district Q.2. Write short notes on. (Any 1) [2] i. Boundaries of Geographical Regions ii. Factors of Region Identification. Q.3. Give reasons for the following. (Any 2) [4] i. Boundaries of geographical regions are in the form of transitional zones. ii. The low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is parallel to the western Ghats. iii. Boundaries of geographical regions are not marked on the ground. Q.4. Answer the following questions in detail. (Any 1) [4] i. Explain the basis on which the crop region for cotton has been identified. Using the map describe the areas in which cotton is a predominant crop. ii. What are the factors used to identify the physiographic regions of Maharashtra? Q.5. Map reading. A. By referring the map 1.4 on page no. 5 of your textbook, answer the following [2] questions. i. Name any two districts from rain shadow area. ii. Name any two districts where average annual rainfall is above 3000 millimeter. B. Show the following details on an outline map of Maharashtra. [2] i. Largest district in Maharashtra ii. Sahyadri Mountains

113

Chapter 01: Introduction of Economics

Q.1. Complete the following statements by

choosing the appropriate alternative from those given in the brackets.

(1 mark each) Introduction: Economic Progress of Human Being *1. Economics is a _____ science.

(physical, social, natural) *2. Economics studies man’s ____ behaviour in

society. (economic, social, political)

3. _______ is the mother of invention.

(Struggle, Progress, Necessity) 4. Today, the barter system is commonly known

as _____. (commerce, business, trade)

Meaning and Definition of Economics *5. The Greek word “OIKONOMIA” means

_______. (household, household management,

household science) *6. _____ is considered as the Father of

Economics. (Lionel Robbins, Adam Smith,

Alfred Marshall) 7. ‘Principle of Economics’ was published in the

year________. (1890,1980,1876)

*8. Modern definition of economics is considered

as _______oriented definition. (welfare, scarcity, wealth)

Importance of Study of Economics 9. Knowledge of economics helps an individual to become a better and more _____ consumer, producer, businessman.

(efficient, inefficient, optimum) 10. Knowledge of ______ helps the government

to earn revenue for the economy. (history, civics, economics)

Q.2. Answer the following questions in one or

two sentences. (2 marks each) Introduction: Economic Progress of Human Being

1. Who has called Economics as the ‘Queen of Social Sciences’?

Ans: Economist Prof.P.A. Samuelson has called Economics as the ‘Queen of Social Sciences’.

*2. Why is economics considered to be a social

science? Ans: i. Man is a social animal. ii Economics studies man’s economic

behaviour in society. Hence, economics is considered to be a social

science. 3. What was the nature of human wants in

pre-historic period? Ans: i. In pre-historic period, human wants

were limited and could be fulfilled from various natural resources that were freely available in nature.

ii. For e.g. caves to stay, leaves for clothes etc.

4. What is meant by the Barter System? Ans: The process through which man started to

exchange goods for goods to satisfy his needs is known as barter system.

Meaning and Definition of Economics

*5. From which Greek word is the term ‘Economics’ derived?

Ans: i. The term ‘Economics’is derived from the Greek word “OIKONOMIA”.

ii. It means ‘Household Management’. *6. Describe Adam Smith’s definition of

economics. Ans: i. Adam Smith, who is considered to be

the ‘Father of Economics’, has described economics as a ‘science of wealth’ in his book ‘Wealth of Nations’, published in the year 1776.

ii. His definition of economics is a “wealth oriented” definition.

Introduction of Economics 01

114

Std. IX : Economics

*7. Name the book in which Dr. Alfred Marshall has given more importance to human welfare.

Ans: Alfred Marshall has given more importance to human welfare in his book ‘Principles of Economics’, published in 1890.

8. Describe Alfred Marshall’s definition of

economics. Ans: According to Alfred Marshall, “economics is a

science which studies human welfare” and hence his definition of economics is known as a‘welfare oriented’ definition.

9. Name the authors of the following books: i. Wealth of Nations ii. Principles of Economics iii. An Essay on the Nature and

Significance of Economic Science Ans: Book Author i. Wealth of Nations Adam Smith ii. Principles of Economics Dr. Alfred Marshalliii. An Essay on the Nature

and Significance of Economic Science

Prof. Lionel Robbins

Importance of Study of Economics 10. Enlist the fields in which economics is

applicable. Ans: Economics is applicable in a wide range of

fields including agriculture, business, finance, administration, law, local and international government and in our day to day working environment.

11. How is the study of economics helpful for

the government? Ans: i. The study of economics is helpful for

the government to understand the various socio-economic problems such as unemployment, inflation, poverty etc.

ii. It also helps the government bodies to frame proper fiscal policies, tax policies etc. which would help the government earn revenue for the economy.

Q.3. Answer the following questions in five to six

sentences. (4 marks each) Introduction: Economic Progress of Human Being 1. What is Economics? Ans: i. Economics is an important branch of

social science which studies man’s economic behaviour in the society.

ii. It is the study of how people choose to use resources like time, money, labour, land, buildings, equipments etc. effectively.

iii. It also examines how people use limited or scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants.

iv. Economist Prof. P.A. Samuelson has called Economics as the ‘Queen of Social Sciences’.

2. Explain the process of the economic

progress of human being. Ans: i. Economic behaviour of man started

right from the evolution of of man. ii. In pre-historic period, man wandered

from one place to another, to satisfy his wants. During those days, human wants were limited and could be fulfilled through natural resources such as caves to stay, leaves for clothes etc.

iii. As man started progressing, his wants multiplied and he started discovering and inventing various ways to satisfy his wants from the available resources.

iv. He started to exchange goods for goods which was known as ‘Barter System’.

v. Later, with the advent of money, this barter system was transformed into ‘Trade’.

vi. This evolution brought about socio-economic development in the economy.

Meaning and Definition of Economics *3. State and explain modern definition of

economics. Ans: i. In 1932, Prof. Lionel Robbins

explained economics in his book ‘An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science’.

ii. His explanation stated that “Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses”.

iii. This definition is considered as the modern definition of economics.

iv. His definition is characterized as a “scarcity oriented” definition of economics’.

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Chapter 01: Introduction of Economics

Importance of Study of Economics *4. Explain the importance of study of economics. Ans: Economics is considered to be one of the most

important branch of knowledge. It is applicable in a wide range of fields and in our day to day working environment. Economics is very useful to every individual in the modern economy.

The importance of the study of economics is given below:

i. Intellectual Value: The study of economics makes us realize

that human beings are dependent upon one another for their daily needs.

It also broadens the outlook of human beings and helps them in balanced thinking.

ii. Practical Purpose: The knowledge of economics helps the

consumer to adjust his expenditure with his income, so that he derives maximum satisfaction.

It helps the producer to make optimum use of the resources, so that he can earn profits.

Sellers can also determine the prices with the knowledge of economics.

Thus, economics helps an individual to become a better and more efficient consumer, producer, businessman etc.

iii. Government Bodies: The study of economics helps the

government to understand the various socio-economic problems such as unemployment, inflation, poverty etc.

It also helps the government bodies to frame proper fiscal policies, tax policies, etc, which would help the government to earn revenue for the economy.

Therefore, the study of economics is useful to every individual in the modern economy.

Question Paper

Total Marks : 10 Q.1 Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternative from those given

in the brackets. [2] i. _____ is considered as the Father of Economics.

(Lionel Robbins, Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall) ii. Modern definition of economics is considered as _______oriented definition.

(welfare, scarcity, wealth) Q.2. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. (Any 2) [4] i. From which Greek word is the term ‘Economics’ derived? ii. Describe Adam Smith’s definition of economics. iii. Why is economics considered to be a social science? Q.3. Answer the following questions in five to six sentences. (Any 1) [4] i. Explain the importance of study of economics. ii. State and explain modern definition of economics.