Geography Basics

Types of Maps• Political Maps

• Shows the borders that divide nations from one another.

• Physical Maps• Uses colors or contour lines to show difference in elevation.

• Thematic Maps• Emphasizes a single resource or piece of information.

Political Map

Physical Map

Thematic Maps

World Life Expectancy

Features of a Map• Map Title: Tells what the map

is about.

• Map Key (Legend): A table used to explain what symbols mean on a map or chart.

• Compass Rose: a marker that indicates direction on a map.

• Map Scale: Used to measure distance on a map.

Location, Location, Location• Location is the position on the Earth’s

surface.Types:Types:

1a.)1a.) Absolute Location:Absolute Location:the exact position of a place on the the exact position of a place on the earth’s surface.earth’s surface.

1b.) 1b.) RelativeRelative Location: Location:location in relation to other placeslocation in relation to other places

1a.) Absolute Location

• Found using a grid system of number lines.

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Lines of Latitude

• Measures north or south of the equator

• Also called parallels because they are parallel to the Equator.

• North Pole = 90° N South Pole = 90°S

• Equator divides earth into two hemispheres.

Northern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere

Lines of Longitude

• Measures east or west of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, UK)

• Also called meridians, which intersect at the poles.

• 180° = International Date Line

• Prime Meridian on one side/IDL on the other.

• PM/IDL divides earth into two hemispheres

WesternHemisphere

EasternHemisphere

When crossing the date line add

When crossing the date line, add a day going west, and subtract a day going east.

Reading the Global Grid

Y

X

X = Equator & Parallels

Y = PM, IDL & Meridians

North

EastWest

South

• Read x first, then y second. (x,y)

X

Y

Practice Time

Reading Graphs

• Pie Graph

• Line Graph

• Bar Graph

Physical & Cultural Landscapes

Physical Landscapes:

Cultural Landscapes:

Human/Environmental Interaction

Human Environment

Cultural InteractionCultural Diffusion:Cultural Diffusion: tthe spread of ideas and cultures as people move he spread of ideas and cultures as people move and interact with each other.and interact with each other.

Migration• the movement of people from place to place

PUSH Factors• Why people leave.

PULL Factor• Why they go to another place.