geography of turkey

GEOGRAPHY OF TURKEY

PRIVATE ÇAKABEY SCHOOLS


Turkey is located in a very strategic position geographically, linking Europe and Asia. Turkey has no fewer than eight neighbouring countries; Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq and Syria.

NEIGHBOURS OF TURKEY



Turkey is a very large country with a wide range of landscapes. It is often said that at

any time of year you can see all four seasons within Turkey. Turkey is divided into 7 different regions and each region

has a different climate.

7 DISTRICTS OF TURKEY



Aegan Region is popular withtoursim, textile.


The Aegean Region with its lovely scenery and setting is indeed a natural paradise.

The breathtaking coastline with its beaches being continually bathed by the azure

water of the Aegean Sea and surrounded by olive groves.


The mild climate of the Aegean region -pleasant Springs, hot Summers, sunny Autumns and cozy Winters with light

rainfall - is an invitation for the travelers throughout the year. A Summer-visit to this

region will be ideal for the fun-loving spirits.

Here are some must places for the holiday makers:


Here are some special Turkish Food for the holiday makers:


Mediterranian Region



It is bordered by the Aegean Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the north, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the northeast, the Southeastern Anatolia Region to the east, Syria to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Mediterranean Region one of best holiday place in world.


The Mediterranean Region has a Mediterranean climate at the coast, with hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters and a semi-arid continental climate in the interior with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters.

CITIES


There are 8 city in MedditerranenRegion. These are Isparta,

Burdur, Antalya,Mersin,Adana,Osmaniye,Hatay, Kahraman Maraş

BLACK SEA REGION


Black Sea region has an oceanic climate with high and evenly distributed rainfall the year round. At the coast,

summers are warm and humid, and winters are cool and damp. The Black Sea coast receives the greatest amount of

precipitation and is the only region of Turkeythat receives high precipitation throughout the year. The eastern part of that coast averages 2,500 millimeters

annually which is the highest precipitation in the country. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy

once it snows.


Famous foods in Black Sea


His background was military, and he served in various posts in theOttoman army.During the First World War, he was the colonel in

charge of Infantry at Gallipoli in 1915 and it was his geniusdefense tactics that prevented the allied forces

(British,French,Anzacs-Australians and New Zealenders andSenegalese) from capturing the Dardanelles and eventually

Bosphorus.


Sumela Monastryis a Greek Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary ("All Holy" in Greek) at Melá mountain, in the

region of Maçka in the Trabzon Province of modern Turkey.


He and his friends wanted to replace the Monarchy with a Republic. The War of Independence took 3 years and by the

end of the year 1922, all of the invaders had left thecountry.The birth of a new nation had begun.


SOCIAL REFORMATIONSThe hat as opposed to fez was intorduced.(1925)

Western calendar was introduced.(1925)


International numeric sustem was introduced. (1925)

The Metric system was introduced. (1931)


The surname law. (1934)


The liberation of the women of Turkey by giving thempolitical and social rights.(ex: Rights for women to be

elected for the parliament)(1926)


Introduction and the acceptance of the new alphabeth. (1928)


THE PRINCIPLES OF ATATURK (KEMALISM)

The Basic PrinciplesRepublicanismNationalismPopularismStatism

SecularismRevolutionism


Republicanism Principle: Republicanism, national sovereignty is a dominate form of government is done. Republicanism principle of

Atatürk, one of the most basic features of the new Turkish state, and the most simple and straightforward meaning is that the people

governing themselves. In a country that is located within the boundaries of the people, that they believe will make their own

peace and safety of people is the freedom of choice.Example: The proclamation of the Republic. Giving to women the

right to vote and be elected.


Nationalism Principle: Turkish citizens working for their own existence and happiness of the people of other countries to respect

the territorial integrity and unity of meaning is expressed. It contains a huge tolerance Atatürk nationalism. Not only to their

national existence and unity and the unity of the existence of other nations desire to continue.

Example: Acceptance of national anthem. The found of Turkish Historical and Language Societies.


Popularism Principle: In a country governed by the Republic, the political aspects indevelopment, management, the national and state public utility facilities in the use of the means of the observance. The principle of populism in

Turkish society, individual, family, group and class domination can not be the equality before the law.


Secularism Principle: Religious phenomenon, bring to a level of modernize. Religion-related subjects were

brought into a certain order, the state is to recognize the freedom of religion and conscience. Briefly with the state of religious affairs is to be kept separate. Freedom to worship as they wish everyone refers to.


RevolutionismPrinciple: Mind, the era of science and innovation as reguired, to meet the needs of society is made old will be out dated more harm than good jobs is

to put a layout.

Example: Includes all the improvements made.


Statism Principle: Of individuals based on specific initiatives will be required to register with the state on behalf of our nation to keep control of the economy means the country is expressed. Statism, economic and social development to be done is work to be done

immediately.

Example: Highways, Airports, railways and contruction of ports. The first five years development plan, Establish a state bank.


Ancient city of Perge, close to Antalya


Front side of the Aspendos Antique Theatre


Ancient Celcius Library in Ephesus


Lion Gate in Hattusas


Statues of ancient gods on Mount Nemrut


Temple of Trajan in Acropolis, Pergamum


Topkapı Palace


Trojan Horse


Temple of Aphrodite



Ishakpasa Palace


Myra ancient theatre


Bodrum Castle

İZMİR


THE CAPITAL OF TOURISM In the city centre, İzmir has a busy commerce, art and educationlife , and there are coastal cities just one or two hours away fromthe city centre, which make İzmir a different city from others. Itis possible to swim, surf or visit an ancient city after a tiresomeday.


A CITY WHERE STUDENTS GET READY FOR THE FUTURE

Over 700,000 students are educated at kindergarden, primary, secondary and high schools in İzmir which is a city of education,

culture and universities. There are 7 universities in İzmir.


THE TASTES OF İZMİRİzmir, which has been the host of over 30 civilizations, was

influenced by all these different cultures and so has the mostdelicious cuisine ever. It is stated that the region which mostinfluenced İzmir’s cuisine was Crete. Bosnians, Albanians, Levantines and Jews have had a great impact o İzmir’s cuisine. For instance, ‘boyoz’, a kind of pastry, which is accepted as oneof the symbols of İzmir was a gift of Jewish culture.


CENTRE OF İZMİRTHE CLOCK TOWER

The Ottoman Grand Vizier Mehmet Sait Pasha had the ClockTower built upon the order of the Sultan to comemorate the25th anniversary of the coronation of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1901. The tower, which is 25 meters high, is accepted as the symbol of İzmir and it is an unchanging meetingpoint. The Clock of the Tower was a gift from the GermanEmperor Wilhelm II.


THE HISTORICAL ELEVATORThe elevator, which was built in order to provide help to peoplewho had to go up 155 stairs to go to their homes, was built bythe Jewish businessman Nesim Levi Bayraktaroğlu in 1907. It

gives a great oppurtunity to have a panoramic view of glamorousİzmir.


THE TANTALOS MYTH

There is a place called Tepekule where the remains of themonumental tomb of King Tantalos, were supposedly found.

Tantalos was one of the rare people who received an invitation to the dining table of the Gods. He was always withthem without having been invited. One day, Tantalos called theGods for a feast. As he was really sincere with them, he didn’tsee any inconvenience in testing them. He had his son killed andbutchered his body. His aim was to test the Gods. He wanted tosee if they could understand what they were about to eat. Zeus, who understood that the meat on the table was human meat, accepted this as an insult, because Tantalos went too far and had to be punished. Zeus sent Tantalos to a hellish prison. Here, he was submerged up to his belly. The water was so pure that onecould drink it completely. And over his head, there were kinds of fruits hanging. Appealing grapes, apples, pomegranates, pearswere there. Tantalos wanted to drink some water. Whenever he wanted , this pure water drained away and disappeared.


When he was hungry , he tried to reach the fruits. Whenever he tried to straighten up and reach up with his hands he tossedthem away. He was in water but thirsty, he was surrounded byfruit but he was hungry. This was the punishment which wasgiven by the Gods. This was more than a punishment; it was a torture in response to his disrespect. This is called the torture of Tantalos. ( In English there is a word ‘ tantalize’ which means totease someone by offering something desirable but keeping it out of reach. This word is derived from this story.)


THE İZMİR ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM

The museum building is an attractive structure from the 19 th

century. It’s aim is to show some examples of the social life of İzmir and its suburbs in the 19 th century.


THE İZMİR ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM

The museum is organized in such a way that it has all thefacilities set up like show rooms, laboratories, storehouses, photostudios, a library and conference hall. The works of art aresituated both inside and out in the garden. Thousands of workbelonging to the Prehistoric , Ancient Greek, Rome ,Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods , are exhibited.


ATATÜRK MUSEUMWhen he came to İzmir, Atatürk stayed in this house many timesand he made many historical decisions there. After his death, Municipality of İzmir preserved Atatürk’s house and furniture. The house is two-storeyed. On the ground floor, there areethnographic works, on the upper floor Atatürk’s personalbelongings are exhibited.


THE HISTORY AND ART MUSEUM

The works of art in the History and Art Museum, which was

opened in 2004, are collected in three sections: stone works, ceramics and precious works. Offering the oppurtunity to seeperiods of civilization , culture and works of art from variousmuseum , the city provides a major contribution to cultural andartistic richness.


İZMİR BIRD’S PARADISE

Thousands of waterfowls shelter constantly in Bird’s Paradise,

which is located on a vast land. The owners of this paradisewhich is really close to the city, share the peace and theincredible beauty of their own world with people.


EPHESUSEphesus , which had been one of the major cities of antiquity,

became one of the most famous antique cities of the world in the 21 st century and it takes place in UNESCO World Heritagetemporary list. It is known that today’s Ephesus was establishedin 23rd centuryB.C by Alexandre The Great’s General Lysimachos. When Ephesus was under the reign of the Romans in 2nd century B.C the city had started to grow and had its most brilliantperiod as the capital of Asia Minor of Romans.


THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMISThe temple of Artemis, which is at the beginning of the Seljuk-Kuşadası highway, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Today , unfortunately we cannot see the glamour andmagnificence of the temple as there are only ruins left.


THE HOUSE OF VIRGIN MARYAfter the crucifixtion of Christ, St. John and the Virgin Mary came to Ephesus and stayed in the place which now lay underthe Church of Mary . The pope declared this place for pilgrimage. Pope Paul VI, Pope John II and Pope Benedict XVI have visitedthere.


SAINT JOHN It is believed that St. John’s tomb is in this church. The six-domed church , which we can as ruins today, was built byemperor Justinian (527-567) and his wife Theodora. A millionpeople visit this church, which is very important to Christianity, each year.


THE CAVE OF SEVEN SLEEPERSThe cave, whose story is also told in the Holy Koran, is visited bya lot of people from every religion. 7 young Christian boys, wholived in the period of Emperor Decius, ran away from the city andhid themselves in this cave as they refused to submit to thepersecutions of the Emperor. These boys fell asleep. After theywere awakened , they went into the town to buy some food andthen , they understood that they had slept not for a night but 200 years(according to Islamic faith 309 years) and they learnedthat Christianity had been spread to every part of the Roman Empire.After learning about the news, the Emperor TheodosiusII accepted this as an indicator of ‘resurrection’ the belief in which the human soul comes back to life after death. After these7 young men had passed away, a big funeral ceremony was heldand a church was built on the cave where they were buried.


THE VILLAGE OF ŞİRİNCEThe foundation of the village of Şirince which is 7 km away fromSeljuk, dates back to the 5th century AD. It is one of the mostvisited and most famous village of Turkey with its natural beauty, architectural characteristics and its hitorical background. InŞirince the villagers are especially interested in tourism. Theyserve their home-made wines and offer their skillfully cookedlocal cuisine to the visitors with pleasure.


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