geopolitics of energy united states of america russian federation people´s republic of china ks...
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Geopolitics of Energy
United States of America
Russian Federation People´s Republic of China
KS Energy and Sustainable Development, SS 2011Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 2
Energy ConsumptionUSA 8,000 kilo oil equivalentAustria 4,000 kilo oil equivalent
Source:U.S. Energy Information Administration
USA
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 3
Energy Production
Source:U.S. Energy Information Administration
USA
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 4
Import & Export
• 24% of consumed energy is imported energy
USA
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 5
• 2010: 30 % of global oil production55 % of global oil reserves
• dependence of industrialized countries
• influence on bordering countries –containment of russian and chinese interests
Geopolitical strategiesThe gulf region
USA
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 6
Geopolitical strategiesNabucco-Pipeline
• from Azerbaijan to Austria
• influence balance of forces in the Middle-East & Central Asia
• power of Russia could be reduced
• USA tries to improve their relations to the participating countries
USA
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 7
Energy Consumption Russian Federation
• Total energy consumption: 686,757 kt of oil equivalent
• Energy consumption per capita: 4,838 t of oil equivalent
• Total consumption of electricity enrgy: 725,460 GWh
• Total consumption of heat energy: 4,757,649 TJ
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Energy Production
Pagina 8
• Total energy production: 1,253,922 kt of oil equivalent
Russian Federation
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Imports & Exports
Pagina 9
• 2nd largest exporter of oil (largest non-OPEC member) – 5,43 million bbl/day (2009)
• Largest exporter of natural gas – 179,1 billion m³ (2009)
• Russia is energetically self-sustained
Russian Federation
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
European reliance on Natural Gas
Pagina 10
• Interruptions in gas supplies because of disputes between Russia and the Ukraine in January 2009
• „North Stream“ and „South Stream“ pipeline projects should establish a direct connection between Russia and the EU
• Competition in form of the Nabucco pipeline, which circumvents Russia
Russian Federation
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Russia as an energy superpower
Pagina 11
• High dependence of neighbors on russian energy exports
• Russia uses this dependence as a policy tool to influence its neighboring states
• Race for the Arctic
Russian Federation
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Cooperation with China
Pagina 12
• Pipeline project valued at $ 25 M which connects Russia and China
• Russia brings oil on the Asian-Pacific market
• Reduction of the reliance on European trading partners while simultaneously opening new markets
Russian Federation
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Republic of China
Pagina 13
many ressources
1.3 billion people
Energy self sufficent untill 1993
enormous growth rates, energy production could not keep pace
growing purchasing power through industrialisation
BRICS
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 14
China
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Brazilian Pipeline
Pagina 15
China
1050 km pipeline to connect south-east and north-east Brazil export-corridor
900 million USD loan to Brazil, half the sum in Yuan
repaid in oil
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Venezuela Joint Venture
Pagina 16
China
contract between Petróleos de Venezuela and China National Petroleum Corporation
exploration, production, oil marketing and transportation 50.000 barrels/day in 2012400.000 barrels/day in 2016 for 25 years
Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic
Angola
Pagina 17
Angola provides 25% of Chinas oil Imports
China International Fund LtdImex Bank
Luand International AirportHydro Power PlantsRailway…
little influence of IMF, because of chinese Investment
China