George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 1

George TzanakosUniversity of Athens

Outline

Introduction

Physics Goals

The NuMI Beam

Detector Technology

The MINERvA Detector

Expected Results

Connection to Neutrino Oscillation Expts

Current Status and Outlook

Conclusions

MINERA

NuMI

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 2

Main INjector ExpeRiment for v -A• MINERvA is a newly approved FNAL Experiment

designed to study neutrino-nucleus interactions with unprecedented detail.

• MINERvA uses a compact, fully active neutrino detector to make accurate measurements of v – A cross sections in exclussive channels.

• The MINERvA detector will be placed in the NuMI beam line upstream of the MINOS Near Detector.

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 3

NuMI Beam

MINOS ND

MINERvA

Main Injector

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 4

MINOS ND

MINERvA (Animation)

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 5

Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Black = Theorist

D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. ZoisUniversity of Athens, Athens, Greece

D. Casper, J. Dunmore, C. Regis, B. ZiemerUniversity of California, Irvine, California

E. PaschosUniversity of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois

M.E. Christy, W. Hinton, C.E .KeppelHampton University, Hampton, Virginia

R. Burnstein, O. Kamaev, N. SolomeyIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

S.KulaginInstitute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia

I. Niculescu. G. .NiculescuJames Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia

G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. RykalinNorthern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois

W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,,W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood

Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. PaoloneUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka,P. de Babaro, S. Manly, K. McFarland, J. Park, W. Sakumoto

University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki,K. McCormick, R. Ransome

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey

A. ChakravortySaint Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois

H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. OliverTufts University, Medford, Massachusetts

J. Nelson, F.X.YumicevaWilliam and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 6

For mass splitting (m2) measurements in νμ disappearance• Understanding of relationship between observed energy & incident

neutrino energy (Evis E) ultimate precision in m2

– Measurement of -initiated nuclear effects – Improved measurement of exclusive cross sections

For electron appearance (νμ νe)• Much improved measurements of - A exclusive accurate background

predictions signal above background estimation– Individual final states cross sections (esp. π0 production)– Intra-nuclear charge exchange– Nuclear (A) dependence

For Nuclear Physics• New precise Jefferson Lab measurements of electron scattering are

inspiring nuclear physicists to consider neutrinos– Vector versus axial vector form factors– Nuclear effects: are they the same or different for neutrinos?

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 7

• Axial form factor of the nucleon

– Yet to be accurately measured over a wide Q2 range.

• Resonance production in both NC & CC neutrino interactions

– Statistically significant measurements with 1-5 GeV neutrinos *

– Study of “duality” with neutrinos

• Coherent pion production

– Statistically significant measurements of or A-dependence

• Nuclear effects

– Expect some significant differences for -A vs e/μ-A nuclear effects

• Strange Particle Production

– Important backgrounds for proton decay

• Parton distribution functions

– Measurement of high-x behavior of quarks

• Generalized parton distributions

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Mainly from experiments in the 70’s and 80’s at ANL, BNL, FNAL, CERN, Serpukov

• World sample statistics is poor! • Systematics large due to flux uncertainties• See examples:

• Quasi elastic scattering• Single pion production (CC)• Total Cross Section• Coherent pion production

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S. Zeller - NuInt04

K2K and MiniBooNe

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μp–p+

μn–n+ μn–p0

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E

(tot/E) vs E

NuMI flux (1-20 GeV)

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• Need an Intense Neutrino Beam (NuMI Beam)

• Improved Systematics in Neutrino Flux (NuMI Target in MIPP Experiment)

• We need a detector with

– Good tracking resolution

– Good momentum resolution

– A low momentum threshold

– Timing (for strange particle ID)

– Particle ID to identify exclusive final states

– Variety of targets to study nuclear dependencies

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 13

Protons

π, K

ν

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• 120 GeV primary Main Injector beam• 675 meter decay pipe for p decay• Target readily movable in beam direction• 2-horn beam adjusts for variable energy range

Move Target only Move Target and Horn #2

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Examples of Real MINOS ND Events in two spills:

• Extremely intense beam: means near detectors see huge event rates.

• Example: NuMI low energy beam, get ~million events per ton-year in near hall

• MIPP measurements of NuMI target mean that flux will be better predicted than ever before

• Perfect opportunity for precision interaction studies.

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Assume: • 16×1020 POT in 4 years (mixture of LE, ME, & HE tunes)

• Fiducial Volumes 3 ton (CH), 0.6 ton C, 1 ton Fe & 1 ton Pb • 16 M total CC events (8.8 M in CH, 7.2 M in C,Fe, Pb)

Expected event yields:– Quasi-elastic 0.8 M events

– Resonance Production 1.6 M

– Transition: Resonance to DIS 2.0 M

– DIS and Structure Functions 4.1 M

– Coherent Pion Production 85 K (CC) & 37 K (NC)

– Strange & Charm Particle Production >230 K fully reco’d

– Generalized Parton Distributions ~10 K

– Nuclear Effects C: 1.4M; Fe: 2.9M; Pb: 2.9M

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DDK Connectors

Scintillator and embedded WLS

Clear fiber

CookieM-64 PMT

PMT Box

• 1.7 x 3.3 cm triangular Sci strips

• 1.2 mm WLS Fiber readout

Form Planes

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PMT Box Assembly

Fiber Bundle

Fiber Cookie

64 signalsHamamatsu M64 MAPMT

M64 MAPMT• 64 pixels, 8 X 8 array• pixel: 2 x 2 mm2

• QE (520 nm): >12.5%• Cross-talk: ~ 10%• Anode Pulse Rise Time: ~0.83 nsec• TTS: 0.3 nsec• Uniformity: 1:3

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• Downstream (DS) Calorimeters: – ECAL: Pb X0/3 between each sampling plane

– HCAL: 1 inch steel (0/6) between each sampling plane.

• Outer Detector (OD): (HCAL) frames

• Active Target: Segmented scintillator detector 5.87 tons

• 1 ton of US nuclear target (C, Fe, Pb) planes (absorber + Scintillator)

• Side ECAL: Pb X0/3 sampling

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Steel Frame

Scintillator planes or calorimeter targets

Scintillator for calorimeters

Mounting ears

Lead Collar

ECAL

3.80 m

Side view

OD

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• Proton and muon tracks are clearly resolved• Observed energy deposit is shown as size of hit; can clearly see larger proton dE/dx• Precise determination of vertex and measurement of Q2 from tracking

• Quasi-elastic n–pp

–

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nuclear targets

active detector

ECAL

HCAL

0 Production

• two photons clearly resolved (tracked). • can find vertex.• some photons shower in ID, some inside ECAL (Pb absorber) region• photon energy resolution is ~6%/sqrt(E) (average)

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 23

• QE Scattering Cross Sections

• Axial Form Factors

• Nuclear Effects

• Coherent Pion Production

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MINERA

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Efficiencies and Purity included.

Minera (4 year run}

FA from previous D2 experiments

Dipole Form:

• Vector form factors measured with electrons.• GE/GM ratio varies with Q2 - a surprise from JLab• Axial form factor poorly known

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FA from the D2 experiments.

Deviation from Dipole behavior. Plot FA/Dipole form vs Q2

Cross Section/Dipole

Polarization/Dipole

MINERvA can determine:

• Whether FA deviates from a dipole

• Which Q2 form is correct: “cross-section” or “polarization”

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• Neutral pion production is a significant background for neutrino oscillations– Asymmetric π0 showers can be

confused with an electron shower

±

0

±

N N

P

Z/W

• Tests understanding of the weak interaction

–The cross section can be calculated in various models

Precision measurement of (E) for NC and CC channels

Measurement of A-dependence

Comparison with theoretical models

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 30

Expected MiniBooNe & K2K measurements

4-year MINERVA run

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 31

MINERvA’s nuclear targets allowthe first measurement of theA-dependence of σcoh

across a wide A range

A

MINERvA errors

Rein-Seghal model

Paschos- Kartavtsev model

A-range of current measurements

Plotted: σcoh vs. A

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 32

Nuclear Effects & Δm2 Measurements

Evis ≠ E

– Understand the relationship

Evis E

– π absorption & rescattering

– Final state rest masses

– v-nuclear corrections predicted to be different from those in charged lepton scattering (studied from Deuterium to Pb at high energies)

n

π

μ

Sergey Kulagin model

F2, Pb/C (MINERA stat. errors)

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Fe: Effect of pion absorption

• Nuclear targets: C, Fe, Pb

•No Pion Absorption

•Effect of pion rescattering

Plotted: Evis/E versus E

C

PbFe

-3

+3

Nominal abs

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 34

Before MINERvA (AM)

Post MINERvA (PM)

(δΔ/Δ) versus Δ (Δ Δm2)

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 35

Total fractional error in the predictions as a

function of reach (NOvA)

Process QE RES COH DIS

NOW (CC,NC) (%) 20 40 100 20

after MINERA (CC,NC) (%) 5/na 5/10 5/20 5/10

• NOvA’s near detector will see different mix of events than the far

detector

Before

After

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• To make an accurate prediction one needs

– 1 - 4 GeV neutrino cross sections (with energy dependence )

• MINERvA can provide these with low energy NuMI configuration

T2K’s ND will see different mix of events than the FD

George Tzanakos, University of Athens, Greece ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005 37

• April 2004 – Stage I approval from FNAL PAC

• October 2004 – Complete first Vertical Slice Test with MINERνA extrusions, WLS fiber and Front-End electronics

• January 2005 – First Project Director’s (‘Temple’) Review

• Summer 2005 – Second Vertical Slice Test

• December 2005 – Projected Date for MINERvA Project Baseline Review

• October 2006 – Start of Construction

• Summer 2008 – MINERvA Installation and Commissioning in NuMI Near Hall

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• Presently Low Energy - Nucleus interactions are poorly measured. MINERA, a recently approved experiment, brings together the expertise of the HEP and NP communities to use the NuMI beam and a high granularity detector to break new ground on precision low-energy -A interaction measurements.

• MINERvA will provide a high statistics and improved systematics study of important exclusive channels across a wider E range than currently available. With excellent knowledge of the beam (NuMI + MIPP), exclusive cross sections will be measured with unprecedented precision.

• MINERvA will make a systematic study of nuclear effects in -A interactions (different than well-studied e-A channels) using C, Fe and Pb targets.

• MINERvA will help improve the systematic errors of current and future neutrino oscillation experiments (MINOS, NOvA, T2K, and others).

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The MINERvA Collaboration

Especially:

S. Boyd, H. Budd, D. Harris, K. McFarland, J. Morfin, J. Nelson,

R. Ransome