geosystems: an introduction to physical geography, 8e...

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 8e (Christopherson)Chapter 5 Global Temperatures

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following is true regarding global temperatures?A) While temperatures are increasing, the rate of change is decreasing.B) Short-term changes appear to be beyond human influence.C) Human society appears to be causing short-term changes in global temperatures and temperature patterns.D) The climate of Earth will remain completely stable over the long term.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

2) Which of the following is true of the sheep on the St. Kilda archipeligo?A) The sheep are growing more quickly.B) There is less food for them in the summer.C) Over the last 2000 years sheep size has decreased.D) Due to warmer temperatures, the sheep give birth later.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

3) Global temperatures are A) rising at a rate of 0.17 C° (0.3 F° ) per decade.B) higher than any time in the last 800,000 years.C) increasing at a decreasing rate.D) increasing by 3% per year.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

4) Global average air temperatures worldwideA) have appeared to stabilize after a century of increase.B) are at present demonstrating no apparent trend one way or another.C) are being influenced by human-induced changes in the greenhouse effect.D) are generally lower than 20 years ago.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

1Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

5) Air temperature is a measure of the presence of which of the following?A) heat capacityB) apparent temperatureC) relative humidityD) sensible heatAnswer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

6) Kinetic energy refers toA) the energy an object possesses by virtue of its elevation above a surface.B) the energy an object possesses because of its gravitational attraction to other objects.

C) the energy an object possesses in accordance with the law E = mc2.D) the energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

7) As the kinetic energy of the air increases,A) its temperature decreases.B) its temperature increases.C) its temperature is unaffected.D) its temperature may either increase or decrease depending upon the circumstances.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

8) Official temperatures are measured using thermometers placed in shelters that areA) louvered and white.B) placed a few feet above the ground.C) placed in the shade.D) all of the above.E) none of the above.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


9) Official temperature measurements are taken in shelters that A) are louvered, white, and at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground.B) are louvered, have an albedo of 31%, and are at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground.C) are louvered, white, and always at least 1.2m (4 ft.) above a grassy surface.D) are not louvered, have an albedo of 31%, and are at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground.E) are pressurized to sea level pressure, white, and at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the groundAnswer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

10) The amount of heat energy present in any substance is expressed as itsA) temperature.B) latent heat.C) sensible heat.D) surface motion.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

11) The highest temperature recorded on Earth to date was inA) North America.B) Asia.C) Africa.D) Mexico.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

12) The lowest temperature recorded on Earth to date was inA) Antarctica in July.B) Antarctica in January.C) Alaska in February.D) Russia in January.Answer: ADiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


13) The lowest natural temperature on Earth (-89.2°C, -128.56°F) was recorded atA) Vostok, Antarctica in July.B) Verkhoyansk, Siberia, Soviet Union in January.C) at the North Pole in July.D) at a South Pole scientific base in December.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

14) The highest natural temperature on Earth (+58°C, 136°F) was recorded atA) Death Valley, California.B) Al-Aziziyah, Libya.C) Elko, Nevada.D) Alice Springs, central Australia.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

15) -273°C (-459.4°F) isA) the same as 273 Kelvin.B) an average boiling temperature.C) 0° absolute temperature.D) not possible on any scale.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

16) The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales only coincide at: A) -40°.B) -273°.C) 0°.D) 212°.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


17) The Celsius scaleA) is used exclusively in the United States.B) places freezing at 0° and was formerly called centigrade.C) was developed by the British physicist Lord Kelvin.D) was developed by Fahrenheit, who also developed the alcohol and mercury thermometers.E) places freezing at 32° and boiling at 212°.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

18) The best thermometer to use where temperatures drop below -39°C (-38.2°F) isA) a barometric thermometer.B) a mercury thermometer.C) a bulb mounted in direct sunshine.D) an alcohol thermometer.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

19) The principal controls and influences of temperature patterns includeA) Earth's tilt, rotation, revolution, and sphericity.B) latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, cloud cover, ocean currents, and surface conditions.C) land-water heating differences only.D) specific heat only.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

20) The single most important control on temperature isA) latitude.B) altitude.C) distribution of land and water.D) evaporation.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


21) Relative to latitude and surface energy receipts, which of the following is true?A) Insolation intensity increases with distance from the subsolar point.B) Daylength decreases with increasing latitude in summer.C) Insolation intensity decreases with distance from the subsolar point.D) Seasonal effects increase toward the equator.Answer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

22) Based on information discussed earlier in the course, you know that seasonal variation in daylength __________ with increasing distance from the equator because __________.A) decreases; Earth rotates more slowly near the polesB) decreases; Earth's axis is titled relative to the plane of the eclipticC) increases; Earth rotates more slowly near the polesD) increases; Earth's axis is titled relative to the plane of the eclipticE) remains constant throughout the year; Earth is a sphereAnswer: DDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

23) In general, as distance from the subsolar point increases, the average annual insolation __________ and the average annual temperature __________.A) increases; increasesB) increases; decreasesC) decreases; increasesD) decreases; decreasesAnswer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

24) Based on information discussed previously in the course, you know that average temperatures in the troposphere __________ with increasing elevation because the atmosphere is heated __________.A) increase; from the top-down by insolationB) increase; from the top-down by energy emitted from the stratosphereC) decrease; from the bottom-up by reflected insolationD) decrease; from the bottom-up by terrestrial infrared energyAnswer: DDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


25) 6.4°C/1000 m (3.5°F/1000 ft.) refers toA) a latitudinal lapse rate.B) the normal lapse rate.C) an environmental lapse rate.D) a measure of air pressure.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

26) Air pressure at 5500 m (18,000 ft.) is __________ (percent) of that at sea level.A) 0B) 10C) 30D) 50Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

27) Which of the following is true regarding locations at high elevations?A) Higher elevations experience higher temperatures during the day because they are closer to the Sun.B) Higher elevations experience lower average temperatures during both day and night.C) The density of air increases with increasing elevation.D) Temperatures at night, and in the shadows, are greater at higher elevations.Answer: BDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

28) At night, temperatures at high elevations decrease __________ than at lower elevations because __________.A) more quickly; the air is thinner and contains less heat energyB) more quickly; the air is thicker and radiates energy away more rapidlyC) less quickly; the air is thinner and contains less heat energyD) less quickly; the air is thicker and radiates energy away more rapidlyAnswer: ADiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


29) Which of the following is true regarding La Paz or Concepción, Bolivia?A) La Paz is hot and humid and at lower elevation.B) Concepción is generally cool and dry.C) La Paz is located much closer to the equator than Concepción.D) The people of La Paz, despite their altitude of 4103 m (13,461 ft.), are able to grow wheat and barley.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

30) If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level) is 100°F, what is the temperature at 2000 feet if the normal lapse rate is 3.5°F/1000 feet?A) 93°FB) 96.5°FC) 103.5°FD) 107°FAnswer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

31) If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level) is 40°C, what is the temperature at 2000 m if the normal lapse rate is 6.4°C/1000 m?A) 27.2°CB) 33.6°CC) 46.4°CD) 52.8°CAnswer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

32) The land-water heating difference that specifically relates to opaqueness isA) altitude.B) specific heat.C) transparency.D) evaporation.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


33) The temperature control that includes the heat capacity of a substance isA) movement.B) evaporation.C) cloud cover.D) specific heat.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

34) Which of the following is true regarding clouds?A) They increase temperature minimums and temperature maximums.B) They cover about 15 percent of Earth's surface at any one time.C) They have a moderating influence on temperatures.D) They decrease nighttime temperatures and increase daytime temperatures.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

35) The temperature on a cloudy night is likely to be __________ the temperature on a clear nightall other factors being equal.A) warmer thanB) colder thanC) the same asAnswer: ADiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

36) The temperature on a cloudy night is likely to be __________ than that on a clear night because __________.A) colder; the clouds reflect more energyB) colder; the clouds absorb heat energy and store itC) warmer; the clouds absorb heat energy and then reradiate some of it back to the groundD) warmer; the clouds absorb heat energy and store itAnswer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


37) EvaporationA) tends to increase temperatures over land.B) tends to lower temperatures more over water bodies than over land.C) tends to increase the temperature over water.D) affects land more than ocean surfaces.E) affects the temperature of land surfaces and water bodies the same amount.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

38) Ocean temperature rarely rises above 31°C (88°F) because of __________ feedback caused by __________.A) positive; evaporationB) positive; ocean currentsC) negative; evaporationD) negative; ocean currentsAnswer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

39) TransparencyA) is greater in land than water.B) refers to the fact that land is opaque and water is transparent.C) produces a heat loading at the surface of water bodies.D) produces a photic layer that normally is 2000 m (6600 ft.) deep.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

40) The temperature difference between the surface and a point 10 feet below the surface is __________ for land than for water because __________.A) greater; water is transparentB) greater; land is opaqueC) less; water is transparentD) less; water does not experience temperature-induced circulationAnswer: BDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


41) The rate at which temperature decreases below the surface of water is __________ than that at which it decreases below the surface of land because __________.A) greater; water is transparentB) greater; land is opaqueC) less; water is transparentD) less; water does not experience temperature-induced circulationAnswer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

42) The land surface cools off more rapidly at night than water does becauseA) the energy is stored in a shallow layer near the surface of the land, and so it can be radiated away faster.B) the amount of energy stored in the land is less than that stored in the water column.C) all of the above are true.D) None of the aboveland does not cool off more rapidly than water at night.Answer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

43) Which of the following is true regarding the specific heat of land and water?A) Water can hold more heat energy than a comparable volume of rock.B) The temperature of water will rise faster than that of land when exposed to the same amount of insolation.C) Land surfaces have a higher specific heat than water surfaces.D) Land and water have very similar specific heat values.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

44) Land has a __________ specific heat than water and therefore heats more __________.A) higher; slowlyB) higher; quicklyC) lower; slowlyD) lower; quicklyAnswer: DDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


45) The mean (average) temperature of a given location on Earth is controlled primarily by its __________ whereas its temperature range is controlled primarily by its __________.A) latitude; elevationB) elevation; location with respect to large water bodiesC) evaporation; latitudeD) latitude; location with respect to large water bodiesAnswer: DDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

46) As a result of the characteristics of water, cities located near a coast should experience a temperature range that is __________ those of cities located in the interior at the same latitude.A) the same asB) smaller thanC) larger thanAnswer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

47) Both City A and City B are located at the same latitude and the same amount of cloud cover. City A has a mean annual temperature of 27°C and a temperature range of 22°C. City B has a mean annual temperature of 26°C and a temperature range of 14°C. Which city is located in the interior of the continent?A) City AB) City BC) It is impossible to say.Answer: ADiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

48) During summer, cities located near the coast are __________ than those in the interior at the same latitude, while in the winter they are __________.A) warmer; warmerB) warmer; coolerC) cooler; warmerD) cooler; coolerAnswer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


49) In general, more moderate temperature patternsA) are created by continentality.B) are exemplified by Winnipeg and Wichita.C) indicate maritime influences.D) occur in continental interiors.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

50) The Gulf StreamA) moves southward and moderates temperatures in eastern South America.B) moves equatorward, warming the California coast.C) moves northward in the western Atlantic, moderating temperatures in Iceland.D) creates a warming effect on Japan and the Aleutians.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

51) Which of the following results from convection currents?A) Heat energy is more evenly distributed in soil and rock than in water.B) Heat energy tends to concentrate in one spot.C) Warmer and cooler water mix, thereby spreading heat over a greater volume.D) none of the abovecurrents have no affect on either land or water body temperaturesAnswer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

52) If the Gulf Stream shifted away from Iceland and England, winter temperatures in these locations wouldA) become cooler, thereby decreasing the average winter temperature.B) become warmer, thereby increasing the average winter temperature.C) remain the same.D) It is impossible to say what would happen to the winter temperatures.Answer: ADiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


53) The cool ocean currents that flow along the west coasts of continents promoteA) heavy rainfall.B) fog.C) thunderstorm development.D) all of the above.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

54) The Western Pacific Warm PoolA) averages 20° to 22°C (68° to 72°F).B) is located around the Hawaiian Islands.C) has temperatures above 30°C (86°F).D) is not the region of the highest average ocean temperatures in the world.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

55) Relative to marine versus continental effects on temperature, Vancouver is to Wichita asA) San Francisco is to Los Angeles.B) Wichita is to Verkhoyansk.C) Winnipeg is to Verkhoyansk.D) San Francisco is to Winnipeg.E) Vancouver is to Los Angeles.Answer: DDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

56) Which of the following would experience the least continentality?A) central NevadaB) north central AsiaC) a tropical islandD) 200 kilometers inland from the Gulf of MexicoAnswer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


57) Which of the following experiences the greatest continentality?A) central KansasB) north central AsiaC) a tropical islandD) 200 kilometers inland from the Gulf of MexicoAnswer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

58) Which one of the following cities experiences temperatures of 32.2°C (90°F) or higher at least 65 days each year?A) Trondheim, NorwayB) San Francisco, CaliforniaC) Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaD) Wichita, KansasAnswer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

59) Which of the following is incorrectly matched?A) Winnipeg continentalityB) Vancouver marineC) Trondheim continentalityD) Verkhoyansk continentalityE) Wichita continentalityAnswer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

60) The greatest annual temperature ranges are characteristic of places likeA) Los Angeles and Vancouver.B) Los Angeles and London.C) Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon.D) Santa Fe and Kansas City.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


61) An isoline that connects all points of highest mean temperature on a world map is calledA) an isobar.B) the highest mean temperature isoline.C) the thermal equator.D) min/max line.E) the temperature range line.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

62) An isoline that connects all points of the same temperature on a map is calledA) an isobar.B) the mean temperature isoline.C) the thermal equator.D) min/max line.E) an isotherm.Answer: EDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

63) Which of the following is true of the thermal equator during the month of July?A) It trends equatorward over continents and poleward over the oceans.B) It trends poleward over continents and equatorward over the oceans.C) It assumes an orientation that closely parallels that of the equator.D) Its orientation is apparently random and has yet to be adequately explained.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

64) The highest maximum temperatures recorded on Earth occur in interior deserts during July becauseA) insolation is greater than at other latitudes.B) the skies are cloudless.C) little evaporation occurs to supply moisture to the atmosphere.D) all of the above are true.Answer: DDiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


65) Which of the following is true?A) Northern Hemisphere temperatures are more strongly dominated by continentality than are Southern Hemisphere temperatures.B) Southern Hemisphere temperatures are more strongly dominated by continentality than are Northern Hemisphere temperatures.C) The Northern and Southern hemispheres are dominated equally by maritime influences.D) The Northern and Southern hemispheres are dominated equally by continentality.Answer: ADiff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

66) The annual temperature range map in your text shows that theA) lowest ranges occur over continental interiors in the Northern Hemisphere.B) greatest ranges occur in the subtropics over the oceans.C) greatest ranges occur over the continental masses in the Southern Hemisphere.D) greatest ranges occur in east central Siberia in Russia.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

67) Our individual perception of temperature is termedA) apparent temperature, or sensible temperature.B) air temperature.C) the heat index.D) sensible heat.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

68) Which of the following is false regarding our perception and response to temperature?A) Low winds with higher temperatures and humidity produce the most discomfort.B) Lower humidity and strong winds enhance cooling rates.C) Lower temperatures produce a decrease in sweating.D) Increased appetite occurs with higher temperatures.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


69) The effect of wind and temperature on the human skin is called theA) heat index.B) sensible heat measurement.C) wind chill factor.D) apparent temperature index.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

70) Which of the following is an effect of high temperature exposure?A) increased appetiteB) shiveringC) reduced blood flow to the skin, so that the skin becomes pale in colorD) decreased urine volumeAnswer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

71) As reported by the National Weather Service, the heat indexA) relates temperature and relative humidity.B) combines air pressure and temperature in a comfort index.C) gives you an indication of the effect of wind on the skin.D) is generally reported during critical winter months.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

72) The wind-chill indexA) takes into account infrared solar radiation.B) assumes people are wearing a basic layer of clothing.C) uses the same variables as the heat index does.D) does not consider whether or not a person is engaged in physical activity.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


True/False Questions

1) Air temperature is an indication of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules within the atmosphere.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

2) The flow of temperature into an object raises its heat.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

3) Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

4) Water has more than one freezing point.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

5) Official temperature measurements are made in white, sealed boxes with an albedo of 31%.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

6) Monthly mean temperatures are made by taking the average of the highest and lowest temperatures of the month. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


7) Ice has only one melting point, but water has many freezing points.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

8) There is as yet no scientific consensus concerning the idea that Earth is warming as a result of human activities.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

9) Temperatures are usually quite uniform and unchanging with altitude.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

10) Snow line elevation increases with increasing latitude.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

11) The subsolar point migrates annually between 47° N and 47° S latitude.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

12) The average annual temperature of a location is controlled primarily by latitude.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

13) The normal lapse rate of temperature change is 6.4 C°/1000 m (3.5°/1000 ft).Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


14) Air pressure decreases by 50 percent at an elevation of 5500 m (18,000 ft).Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

15) Average air temperatures at higher elevations are generally higher, with smaller differences between areas of direct sunlight and shadow.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

16) Snow lines generally occur at lower elevations with increasing latitude.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

17) Clouds moderate temperatures producing lower daily maximums and higher nightly minimums.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

18) If you went for a walk on a hot beach, you could cool your feet off substantially by digging them into the sand.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

19) Because water has a higher specific heat than land, it cools more quickly.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

20) You would expect a tropical island to have a high degree of continentality.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


21) Maritime influences tend to decrease both daily and monthly temperature ranges.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

22) Ocean currents along midlatitude west coasts, even near deserts, are cool.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

23) In winter, isotherms over the interior of Northern Hemisphere continents trend equatorward.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

24) The all-time highest and lowest temperatures were both recorded on the Eurasian landmass.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

25) Verkhoyansk has a temperature range of 105 C° (189 F°). Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

26) The highest temperatures on Earth are associated with the intense heating in subtropical deserts.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

27) The Southern Hemisphere is dominated by maritime influences, whereas the Northern Hemisphere is dominated by continentality.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


28) Normal body temperature has been recently determined to be 36.8°C (98.2°F).Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

29) Levels of carbon dioxide and methane are higher now than any time in the last 800,000 years.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

30) The last 15 years feature the warmest years in the climate record.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

31) The heat index combines temperature with air pressure.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

32) Wind-chill index assumes a person is appropriately dressed for the weather.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

33) The thermal equator refers to the unchanging warm temperatures at the equator.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


Short Answer Questions

1) As compared to land surfaces, water bodies tend to have __________ evaporation rates, __________ specific heat capacity, __________ transparency, and __________ flowing movements or currents. These characteristics together produce more __________ temperatures over the ocean as compared to more __________ temperature patterns over the continents. These conditions over the oceans are termed __________ whereas over land conditions are described with the term __________.Answer: higher; higher; greater; greater; moderate; extreme; marine; continentalityDiff: 2Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

Essay Questions

1) Define the term "temperature." Discuss how latitude, altitude, cloud cover, and land-water heating differences can global temperature patterns.Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

2) First distinguish between temperature and heat. Then describe the important characteristics of the three main temperature scales.Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

3) Why is the higher specific heat of water as compared to rock or soil an important factor in determining temperature characteristics and changes?Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

4) How do ocean currents affect both water and air temperatures? Use the Gulf Stream as an example.Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

5) Compare, contrast, and explain maritime and continental conditions.Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


6) Compare and contrast Northern and Southern temperature ranges. Also, compare tropical and midlatitude temperature ranges.Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

7) Why do continental locations usually have greater extremes of temperature than do maritime locations at the same latitude?Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

8) Where should you move to if you wanted to live an a region with the greatest annual range of temperatures? If you changed your mind and wanted to live in the region with the lowest annual temperature range where should you go? What are the qualities that create each of these situations?Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

9) What are some of the significant changes in Polar temperatures? How much have temperatures risen? What are some of the effects that have been measured?Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

10) Compare and contrast the wind-chill factor and the heat index.Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

11) What are the various factors that can affect the apparent (sensible) temperature?Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.

12) How does wind affect the wind-chill factor and the heat index?Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


13) Would residents of Miami or San Francisco be more likely to pay attention to the heat index? Why?Diff: 3Chapter/section: 5.3 Earth's Temperature PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 5/6 Synthesis/EvaluationGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.


geosystems: an introduction to physical geography, 8e...

Documents