geotechnical excavation safety workshop

8/17/2019 Geotechnical Excavation Safety Workshop

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GEOTECHNICAL WORKSHOP:GEOTECHNICAL WORKSHOP:SOILS & EXCAVATION SAFETYSOILS & EXCAVATION SAFETY

LLOYD W. YOUNG, JR.

CHIEF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER

BECHTEL GEOTECHNICAL & HYDRAULICENGINEERING SERVICES

FREDERICK, MARYLAND


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SPECIAL HEALTH & SAFETY CONSIDERATIONSSPECIAL HEALTH & SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

COMPETENT PERSON - Th !"#$%'! ()*+'%' +")% "h)! h/ %! 00 ') !*)%"'' 'h 1))2#%$:

T#%#%$, 3+#%(, %! 4%)2!$ )1:

")# %5"#"

" )1 +)'('#/ "5"'*"

6#*%'" )1 78 CFR P' 987 S0+' P.

A0##'5 ') !'(':

()%!#'#)%" 'h' ()! "' #% (/-#%"

1#" #% +)'('#/ "5"'*"

h;!)" '*)"+h"

)'h h;!" #%(!#%$ 'h)" "")(#'! 2#'h ()%1#%! "+("

A'h)#'5 ') '4 +)*+' ()('#/ *"" ') #*#%' 3#"'#%$ %!

+!#('0 h;!" %! ') "')+ 2)4 2h% 6#!.


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PURPOSEPURPOSE

I%(" %!"'%!#%$ )1 0"#( ")# *(h%#(" +#%(#+"%! !#"("" ++#('#)% )1 OSHA $#!#%" 1) 3(/'#)%"1'5.

B# +#! ''%'#)% ')

3(/'#)% "1'5...

B' F! 2" ')) ())

1) 'h'.


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T%(h "1'5 #" %)' ) )%5 ()%(%...

M%5 '#*" '%(h" %)' 'h )%5 3(/'#)% h;!,")+" (% ") 0 "#)" h;!.


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BASIC SOIL TYPESBASIC SOIL TYPES

R"#! < F)* 'h !(5 )1 )(4 #% +(

A/# < M)/! 05 %!=) !+)"#'! #% 2'

W#%! B)% < M)/! 05 2#%! < L)""

G(# < T%"+)'! ) !+)"#'! 05 $(#"

R)(4 < S)# #" +)!( " "' )1 'h

2'h#%$ )1 )(4.

F# < U%4%)2%


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SOIL COMPONENTSSOIL COMPONENTS

THREE PHASE SYSTEM ACTUAL SOIL


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SOLID PHASESOLID PHASE

B)!"

C)00"

G/S%!

- 97 #%. +"

- >-97 #%.

- ?-> #%.- @-7 S#/ .** - .**

COARSE-GRAINED FRACTION

FINE GRAINED FRACTION

S#'

C5

- G#%"

- P'"


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GRAIN SIE DISTRIBUTION CHARTGRAIN SIE DISTRIBUTION CHART


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SOIL PLASTICITYSOIL PLASTICITY

F) ()h"#/ ")# < C5Increasing moisture content

SOLID = No volume change with drying

PL = Plastic Limit (Start of plastic behavior

LL = Li!uid limit (Start of soil flowing or e"hibiting #li!uid$ behavior

PI = Plasticity inde" SL = Shrin%age limit

PLSL LLPI

SOLID SEMI-SOLID PLASTIC STATE LIQUID STATE


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UNCONFINEDUNCONFINED

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHCOMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

M"! B5:

L0)')5 T"'

P)(4' P%')*'

Th*0 T"'

C)'#)%"

A(((5:

9-7

7-

7-

L)! + %#' 2h#(h ")# 2# 1# #% ()*+""#)%.

SOIL

SAMPLE

α


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SOIL CLASSIFICATIONSOIL CLASSIFICATION


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STATIC CONE CHARTSTATIC CONE CHART


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BORING LOGBORING LOG


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OSHA CLASSOSHA CLASS

SPT P%''#)%

0)2"=1'.

E"'#*'! C)%"#"'%(5 E"'#*'! R%$ )1 U%()%1#%!C)*+""#/ S'%$'h

')%"=1'.

7

7

7-

-

-9

9->

>

V5 S)1'

3'!! 0'2% 1#%$" 2h% "6;!S)1'

*)!! 05 #$h' 1#%$ +""M!#*

*)!! 05 "')%$ 1#%$ +""S'#11

!#5 #%!%'! 05 'h*0 0' +%''! 2#'h$' 11)'

V5 S'#11

!#5 #%!%'! 05 'h*0H!

#%!%'! 2#'h !#11#('5 05 'h*0%#

.7

.7 < .

. < 9.

9. < 7.

7. < .

.

OSHA CLASSA 9. ')%"=1'.7

B . < 9. ')%"=1'.7

C . ')%"=1'.7


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SOIL DESCRIPTION FIELD GUIDESOIL DESCRIPTION FIELD GUIDE


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SOIL MOISTURESOIL MOISTURE

D5 - N) /#"#0 "#$% )1 *)#"'M)#"' - F" !*+

- C% ) #% 0

- H%$" ')$'hS''! - W'

- F)2" 2h% h%!!

S0*$! - B)2 W'- S+#%$

OSHAOSHA


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OSHAOSHA

78CFR98778CFR987

SUBPART PSUBPART P

EXCAVATIONSEXCAVATIONS

I""! #% 988

T))4 9 5" ') +)!(P(!! 05 )/ +$" )1 ()**%'5


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OSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATIONOSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATION

S'0 R)(4:C% 0 3(/'! /'#(5 %! *#% #%'('.

T5+ A:C)h"#/ ")# 2#'h:

69. '"1

%) 1#"""%) /#0'#)%

%) !#"'0%(

%) !/" 0!!#%$ H:9V, %) )'h 'h#%$"

F.S. >.

T5+ B:

C)h"#/ ")# 2#'h

6. < 9. '"1,

")* $% ")#" !#'5,

")* 1#"" ")#" T5+ A,

")* 1#",

!5 %"'0 )(4


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OSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATIONOSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATION

T5+ C:C)h"#/ ")# 2#'h:

6. '"1

$% ")#" < (%

"0*$! ")#

!/" 0!!#%$

F.S. 9.9

O'h":

A')*'#(5 T5+ C


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VISUAL ANALYSESVISUAL ANALYSES

V#":9. V#2 "#!" )1 3(/'#)%

7. V#2 3(/'! *'#

>. L))4 1) ((4"

. O0"/ < "0"#!%(. L))4 1) 2'

. F 1) /#0'#)%

. L))4 1) h/5 )!"


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MANUAL ANALYSESMANUAL ANALYSES

M%:9. Th! )1 9=

7. D5 "'%$'h

>. Th*0

. P)(4' +%')*'. D5 '"'

MAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPESMAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPES


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INSPECTIONSINSPECTIONS

I%"+('#)%" "h 0 *! 05 ()*+'%' +")% %! "h)! 0!)(*%'!. Th 1))2#%$ $#! "+(#1#" 'h 16%(5 %!

()%!#'#)%" 6##%$ #%"+('#)%":

D#5 %! 01) 'h "'' )1 (h "h#1'

A" !#(''! 05 'h 2)4 0#%$ !)% #% 'h '%(hA1' /5 #%"')*

A1' )'h /%'" 'h' ()! #%(" h;!", .$. "%)2"')*,

2#%!"')*, 'h2, 'h64, '(.

Wh% 1#""", '%"#)% ((4", ")$h#%$, %!(''#%$, 2' "+$,

0$#%$ ' 'h 0)'')*, ) )'h "#*# ()%!#'#)%" )((Wh% 'h #" (h%$ #% 'h "#;, )('#)%, ) +(*%' )1 'h "+)# +#

Wh% 'h #" %5 #%!#('#)% )1 (h%$ ) *)/*%' #% !(%'

"'('".


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SITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONSSITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONS

D#%$ 1#"' %! "0"6%' /#"#'" ') ()%"'('#)% )('#)%, 'h()*+'%' +")% *5 1#%! 'h 1))2#%$ 6"'#)%" "1.

9. I" 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)% trench ) % e"cavationQ

7. I" 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)% *) 'h% 1' 9.7* #% depthQ

>.

I" 'h water #% 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q. A 'h !6' *%" )1 access %! egressQ

. A 'h %5 surface encumbrancesQ

. I" 'h 3+)" ') vehicular trafficQ

. A ad&acent structures stabili'ed Q

. D)" mobile 6#+*%' h/ warning systemQ

8. I" competent person #% charge )1 'h )+'#)%Q

9. I" e!uipment operating #% ) )%! 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q

99. A +)(!" 6#! ') *)%#'), '"', %! control ha'ardous atmospheresQ

97. D)" ()*+'%' +")% determine soil typeQ


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SITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONSSITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONS

9>. W" soil testing device "! ') !'*#% ")# '5+Q9. I" 'h soil +(! 7 1'. .* or more from the edge )1 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q

9. I" 'h depth 71'. .9* ) *) 1) 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q

9. H" registered professional engineer ++)/! 'h +)(! #1 'h !+'h #" *)'h% 7 1'. .9*Q

9. D)" 'h +)(! 6# benching ) multiple benching Shoring Shielding9. I1 +)/#!!, do shields e"tend at least )* in+ (,+-m above 'h ")%!#%$ #1 #' #"

")+! ')2! 'h 3(/'#)%Q

98. I1 "h#!" "!, #" 'h !+'h )1 'h (' more than .ft+(,+/m below the bottom ofthe shield Q

7. A %5 6#! surface crossings )1 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)% the proper widthand fitted with hand railsQ

79. A *%" )1 egress 1)* 'h (', (/#'5, ) depression no more than .- ft+ (0+/mfrom the wor% Q

77. I" emergency rescue e!uipment 6#!Q

7>. I" 'h documentation of the minimum daily e"cavation inspection

geotechnical excavation safety workshop

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