german expressionism - william e. macaulay honors...
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German Expressionism
Jaimee Rodriguez // Karla Collaguazo
What is German Expressionism?
Expressionism● A form of art in which the artist expresses his/her personal feelings about
the subject through style and technique● Focus on emotional depiction over realistic depiction (Non-naturalistic)● Contrast to Impressionism, which sought to realistically depict the world● The main purpose of expressionist art is to convey a message and provoke
personal feelings
German Expressionism● Expressionist Art that originated in Germany● A movement of the early 20th century● Expressionist movements occurred
elsewhere in Europe around the same time, such as France and Austria
● Emerged as a response to the conflicting relationship between humanity and the world
Influences● Post-Impressionists
○ Paul Gauguin○ Vincent Van Gogh○ Edvard Munch
● Fauvism○ Henri Matisse
● Cubists● Foreign art
○ Africa○ Oceania
● Folk Art○ Germany○ Russia
Characteristics ● Came from within the artist vs depiction of external visual world● Swirling, swaying, and exaggeratedly brushstrokes ● Bold colors● Portrayed social criticism
Beginnings● 1905
● New technologies and massive urbanization
● Painters who rebelled against the bourgeois culture of Germany
● Four German architecture students who wanted to become painters formed
the group Die Brücke (The Bridge)
○ Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Fritz Bleyl, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, and Erich Heckel
Die Brücke - The Bridge (1905-1913)● Founded by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Ernst
Ludwig Kirchner in 1905
● Based in Dresden
● Expressed radical social views through modern
urban scenes, landscapes, and figure paintings
● “Achieve freedom of life and action against the well
established older forces”
● Combined traditional art with African and Oceanic
motifs, tribal art and Fauvist coloring
Der Blaue Reiter - Blue Rider (1911-1914)● Formed in Munich in 1911 and led by Franz
Marc and Wassily Kandinsky
● Loose association rather than a coherent
group like Die Brücke
● Expressed the emotional aspect of the being
through symbolism and bright colors
● Abstracted forms
● Infused art with spiritual values
● Collapsed after the start of WWI and the
death of Franz Marc and Auguste Macke
Die Neue Sachlichkeit- New Objectivity (1920’s)
● Emerged as a style in the 1920s and challenged
German Expressionism
● Reflected the resignation and cynicism in the 1920’s
and early 1930’s
● Unsentimental and objective approach
● Associated with portraiture
● Famous artists of this style include Max Beckmann,
Otto Dix, and George Grosz
● Portrayed society in a satirical manner
Sources● http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/expressionism.htm
● http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/expressionism
● http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/german-expressionism.htm
● http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm
● http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fauv/hd_fauv.htm
● http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/movements/195214
● http://www.theartstory.org/movement-expressionism.htm#beginnings_header
● http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/german-expressionism.htm
● http://www.moma.org/explore/collection/ge/styles/early_influences
● http://www.moma.org/explore/collection/ge/styles/brucke
● http://www.moma.org/explore/collection/ge/styles/blaue_reiter
● http://www.moma.org/explore/collection/ge/styles/new_objectivity