Pesticides & Common Structural Pests

By Morgan Nilsen

We continue on the road of study

You gain new experience daily.What's something you learned this week?

We are expected to know about chemistry and even entomology!

We want to have an understandingto be ready for the exam

KNOW WHAT

YOU NEED TO KNOW

KNOW WHAT

YOU NEED TO KNOW

1.Control

KNOW WHAT

YOU NEED TO KNOW

1.Control

2. ID

KNOW WHAT

YOU NEED TO KNOW

1.Control

2. ID

3. Don't Trip Up

You need to know control methods

You need to know control methods

Like what?

You need to know control methods

Like pesticides, yes, but also … Sanitation, exclusion, education, etc.

Let's start with the general concepts

Let's start with IPM and examplesof non-chemical control

Let's start with IPM and examplesof non-chemical control

Mechanical: examples are door sweeps, caulking cracks and crevices.

Cultural: changing human behavior, like putting food in sealable containers, picking up trash and doing dirty dishes.

Biological: pests have natural predators like aphids are eaten by ladybugs. Let natural predators do the work.

Pesticides are used as a last resort but what are they exactly?

Pesticides are used as a last resort but what are they exactly?

Chemical familiesare categorized by target pest

Target pest + ICIDE = ?

Chemical familiesare categorized by target pest

Insecticide = kills insectsacaracides/miticides = kills spiders/mites

rodentacide fungacide

avicide (birds) herbicide

nematicides (roundworms)

Categorizing pesticides can be confusing business

Categorizing pesticides can be confusing business

- By the target pest - By their chemical structure- By the application method- Or by their Mode of Action (by molting, IGRs, nervous system)

Here are the 5 most commonchemical groups of insecticides

Groups: Examples:

Botanicals Pyrethrins (from chrysanthemums)

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons DDT

Organic Phosphates Malathion

Carbamates Carbaryl

Minerals Borax

Common Pesticide Formulations

Another way of categorizing pesticides is Mode of Action

Another way of categorizing pesticides is Mode of Action

Example: Insect Growth Regulator IGRs - stops the production of Chitin (molting)

Now let's look at all the types of equipment we can use

(1) Tank (2 gal)(2) Siphon tube(3) Adapter - hose(4A) Tank Top(4D) Tank bottom(5) Tip holder(6) Hose - 4 ft. red(7) Hose washer(8) Pump Handle(9) Pump Lock Spring(10) Pump Cap(11) Plunger rod(12) Back plate(13) Polypropylene cup(14) Cup spreader plate(15) Lock Washer(16) Plunger nut(17) Pump Gasket(18) Pump tube - 1/2 Gallon(19) Check Valve

Know about pests

? ? ?

Know about pests

But what is a pest? A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc.

In fact, anything that competes with humansfor food and fiber, or attacks us directly, may be defined as pests.

And now for a little biology

Life Animals

Fungi

PlantsVertebrates

InvertebratesArthropods

Man

Rodents

Know the characteristics of arthropods

Know the characteristics of arthropods

- jointed appendages - segmented body- exoskeletons- open circulatory system- heart located on dorsal side (back)- nervous located on the front (the opposite of vertebrates)

Let's list some characteristics of insects

Let's list some characteristics of insects

The three parts of an insect: Head, thorax, abdomen (in correct order)

Types of mouthparts: chewing, rasping-sucking, piercing-sucking, sponging, siphoning, and chewing-lapping.

Let's talk life cycles and metamorphosis

Gradual Complete

Let's review the needs of pestsFood, water, harborage sites, and entry points

Let's review the needs of pests

Examples of food sources- human food or trash- debris on the floor- unsealed food containers- grease traps

Let's review the needs of pests

Examples of water sources- leaky pipes- overwatered plants- drains- host

Shelter is also know as harborage

Examples of harborage sites- secluded areas- cracks and crevices- gaps in the baseboard- behind cabinets- clutter

Entry points may be structural deficiencies

Finally! Let's talk about some pests

The test will include questions about specific insects and pests.

Unfortunately, the test changes so there is no guarantee you will see any specific pest on the test.

5 most common pests:

AntsTermites

Mice Rats

Cockroaches

The test has a specific focus on Non-termite wood-destroying pests

Don't trip up on the test!

LD50 will certainly be on the test

What is it? Lethal dose to 50% of the population (research done on rats)measurement = mg / kg of body weight

LD 50 is a ratio mg of poison / kg of body weight

Ratio's are tricky!So the smaller the LD50 number is, the MORE toxic it is

Examples

Most dangerous compound: Botulinum LD50 (0.000009) = 9 ng / kg Cyanide LD50 (6.8)

Comparing:Atrazine herbicide LD50 (3000)Caffeine LD50 (200)So it would take 15 more times atrazine to kill you than caffeine

Know your Minimal Exposure Pesticides (MEPs)

Make sure your body is exposed to these as little as possible.They can hurt you in ways you may not notice right away.

Bromoxynil (buctril, bronate): effects pregnant women and child (could bring the pesticide home)

Metasystox-r and Injectacide: kills mites. Exposed to a little bit and will effect your ability to have children (aka oxydemeton-methyl)

MATH

Proper mixing and application of pesticides can be accomplished by

understanding proportionsfractionspercentages

Area = height x width

50

100

?

A proportion is a ratio

A

B

C

D=

1

2

4

8=

Converting units will be on the test

Math conversions (gallons = quarts, cups to ounces, feet to yards, etc.)

3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon 2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce = 6 teaspoons 4 tablespoons = 12 teaspoons = 1/4 cup = 2 fluid ounces 1 cup = 16 tablespoons = 8 fluid ounces 2 cups = 32 tablespoons = 1 pint = 16 fluid ounces 2 pints = 64 tablespoons = 1 quart = 4 level cups 4 quarts = 8 pints = 1 gallon = 16 cups 16 ounces = 1 pound 6 tablespoons (level) = approx. 1 oz. of dry weight (for WP only)

Converting units will be on the test

Example:

The label indicates that 2 lbs. of granular insecticide are to be applied per 1,000 sq. ft. How much do you need to apply to an area that is 5,000 sq. ft.?

Converting units will be on the test

Example:

The label indicates that 2 lbs. of granular insecticide are to be applied per 1,000 sq. ft. How much do you need to apply to an area that is 5,000 sq. ft.?

So we've worn a few hats today

Remember to keep studying