• Casablanca Conference – Roosevelt and Churchill meet to plan their war strategy after North Africa which would included strategic bombing of Germany and attacking “the soft underbelly” of Europe

• Strategic Bombing – The British and Americans step up their bombing of Germany targeting not only military targets but also civilians.

• “The Soft Underbelly” – Italy is looked at as vulnerable so the Allies attack here forcing them to surrender in Sept. 1943 and removing Mussolini from power.

• Tehran Conference – Churchill, FDR and Stalin all meet for the first time about an invasion of France, the creation of an international organization for peace, and a promise from the Soviets to fight Japan once Germany was defeated

• Operation Overlord – (D-Day) June 5th-7th, 1944 the Allies (100,000 soldiers) invade Normandy France after crossing the English Channel opening the Western Front.

Ch 20 Sec 4: Pushing Back (Europe)

Intro 5

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Chapter Objectives

• Describe the goals of the two major offensives the Allies launched in Europe in 1943.

• Explain the American strategy for pushing the Japanese back in the Pacific.

Section 4: Pushing the Axis Back

Section 4-1

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Guide to Reading

The Allies slowly pushed back the German and Japanese forces in 1943 and 1944.

• Casablanca Conference

Main Idea

Key Terms and Names

• Operation Overlord • D-Day

• Omar Bradley • amphtrac

• Guadalcanal

• kamikaze

Section 4-3

Guide to Reading (cont.)

Section Theme

Geography and History The United States fought the war by landing troops in Italy and France and island-hopping across the Pacific toward Japan.

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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Striking Back at the Third Reich• In January 1943, President Roosevelt met with Prime

Minister Churchill to plan the next stage of war.

• During the Casablanca Conference, the decision was made to increase the bombing of Germany in an effort to destroy its military, industrial, and economic system and to hurt the German morale.

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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Striking Back at the Third Reich• They decided to attack the Axis on the island of Sicily.

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• The new massive bombing campaign by the United States and Britain against Germany did not destroy the German economy or undermine its morale.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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• However, the bombing caused a severe oil shortage and destroyed irreplaceable railroad and aircraft in Germany.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

• As a result, Allies landing in France had total control of the air and could not be bombed.

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• General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the overall commander of the invasion of Sicily.

• General Patton and British General Montgomery were in charge of the forces on the ground.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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• By August 18, Germans had evacuated the island. Mussolini was placed under arrest by the king of Italy.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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• On September 8, 1943, the Italian government announced Italy’s surrender.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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• Hitler sent German troops to seize control of Italy and put Mussolini back in power. In May 1944, the Germans retreated.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

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• Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met in Tehran, Iran, and reached several agreements about the plans for the rest of the war and after the war.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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• Stalin made a promise to begin an offensive against the Germans when the Allies invaded France in 1944.

• It was agreed that Germany would be broken up after the war so that it could never threaten world peace again.

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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• Stalin promised that once Germany was defeated, the Soviet Union would help the United States defeat Japan.

• Stalin accepted Roosevelt’s proposal to create an international organization to help keep the peace after the war

Striking Back at the Third Reich (cont.)

(pages 631–633)(pages 631–633)

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Landing in France• Operation Overlord was the code name for the

planned invasion of France by the Allies.

• General Eisenhower was selected to command the invasion.

• The Allies had the advantage of surprise–the Germans did not know when or where they would strike.

(pages 633–635)(pages 633–635)

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• The Germans were fooled into thinking the attack would occur in Pas-de-Calais, when in fact the invasion was planned to take place in Normandy.

Landing in France (cont.)

(pages 633–635)(pages 633–635)

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• The date for the invasion became known as D-Day because Eisenhower’s planning staff referred to the day of any invasion with the letter D.

Landing in France (cont.)

(pages 633–635)(pages 633–635)

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• The invasion of Normandy began shortly after midnight on June 6, 1944.

Landing in France (cont.)

(pages 633–635)(pages 633–635)

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• The Allied forces had little trouble capturing Utah Beach and moving inland.

Landing in France (cont.)

(pages 633–635)(pages 633–635)

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• The American forces at Omaha Beach met intense German fire.

Landing in France

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• American commander General Omar Bradley planned an evacuation of Omaha Beach, but the American troops moved forward against the Germans.

Landing in France (cont.)

(pages 633–635)(pages 633–635)

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• The invasion succeeded.

Landing in France (cont.)

(pages 633–635)(pages 633–635)

Geography and History 1

Read the information on pages 638–639 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides.

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This feature is found on pages 638–639 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Summary and Study Guide 1