Reagans New Conservatism

Unit 1Lesson 2Section 33.4GHW Bush & Iraq1ObjectivesIdentify GHW Bushs foreign policy successes.Explain why GHW Bush had to break his No New Taxes pledge.Analyze how our actions in Iraq in 1991 set the stage for war again in 2001.

2Warm UpIdentify Reagans successes and failures as President.

SUCCESSESFAILURESCut taxesGrowing Income GapDecreased size & role of fed govt Deregulation led to strike & scandal (S&L)New Federalism bankrupted states/citiesEconomy recovered & stocks soaredAgriculture & Manufacturing hurtDeficit & Debt grewDefeated communism in L.AmericaTroops attacked in MidEastINF Treaty w/Soviet UnionStar Wars (SDI)Iran-Contra AffairPolitical gains for African-AmericansWomens ERA defeated, AIDS3Review Lesson 1Goals of New Right?Govt out of economyRestore valuesEnd govt social welfare programs

Tactics of New Right?TelevangelismVoter Registration

Why Reagan Victory?Carter IneffectiveIran Hostage CrisisEconomic Recession

3 Parts of Reaganomics?Tax CutsDeregulationNew Federalism

Plan to Defeat Evil Empire?Increase size of forcesIncrease defense spendingIncrease arsenalSupport freedom fighters

Relations with USSR at end?Friendly with Gorbachev (glasnot & perestroika)INF Treaty

41988 Election: George H. W. BushDemocrats Still Control Congress

http://youtu.be/DF9gSyku-fc

http://youtu.be/Sx5X3Jd8DI4

5Bush won nomination (organization/fundraising skills) and chose Dan Quayle as VP. Dem chose Mass Gov Michael Dukakis and Sen Lloyd Bentson as VP.

Election was full of mud-slinging TV attack ads, avoid issues and appeal to emotion.Dukakis had huge lead in polls up until Bushs nomination acceptance speech: 1000 pts of light (vision of America), and Read My Lips-No New Taxes. Dukakis campaign hurt by crime stance (Willy Horton released in Mass, then murders in MD).

Popular vote 53% Bush, 46% Michael DukakisElectoral vote 426-111. Rep won White House, but Dem won majority in both houses of Congress!

Bush had impressive resume: Prominent fam, 18 youngest WW2 navy pilot, $ as Texan oilman, 2 terms house of rep, ambassador to UN, chairman Rep Natl Com, head of CIA but won on Reagans legacy much more practical than Reagan and many conservatives didnt trust him. So when Cold War ended, and Conservative Coalition split up, his support base was shattered

Foreign Policy SuccessesIron Curtain falls 1989Polish Solidarity Mvmt Czechs Velvet RevolutionHungary, Romania, Bulgaria

Fall Berlin Wall 11/9/89Reunification 1990

Dissolution of the USSRGorby resigns (12/91)Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)Boris Yeltsin - Russian Pres

Arms reduction talksSTART

US sole superpower!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkg

Gorby encourages Eastern Euro satellite nations to adopt glasnost and perestroika. Anti-communist groups, long active in these nations, seize moment. Poor economies and failing USSR spur new protests:

Poland Lech Walesa elected President JuneCzech Velvet Revolution Vaclav Havel PresidentHungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania all fall

Berlin Wall, long a symbol of East/West divide. After fall Hungary, open borders allowed E.German s to begin fleeing and seeking refuge. E.Germ govt decides to change laws, allowing travel to W.Germ at borders, but people just hear free travel on nightly news, flock to wall. Instantly opens as guards overrunsoon torn down by protests with sledgehammers, even bare hands!

Soviet Union-Hardliners attempt August coup but fail to pressure Gorby to resignadmitted his lack of power in Dec and quit.15 Soviet republics split up, become CIS (loose alliance). Boris Yeltsin, Pres of Russia, becomes defacto leader.

Bush continues arms reduction talks with both gorby & Yeltsin pass Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (reduce long-range nuke #s). 6Tiananmen Square (89)Communist ChinaStudents protest in BeijingDemocratic reform

Army injures or kills 1000s.

Bush quiet on issue

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc9T10WLF3w

Protests spread from E.Europe to Communist ChinaIn May, Students begin protesting for democratic reforms 1 million+ set up camps in spite of govt warnings to leaveJune, Govt calls out army100s to 1000s injured and killedothers imprisoned and executed.

Bush quietly negotiates to keep China as trade partner.Never openly condemns actions looks soft on human rights (but its been our pattern for dealing with them ever since).7Persian Gulf War (90-91)Aug 2 1990 Iraq Invades KuwaitClaim territoryNeeded oil $ to pay debts on war w/Iran

US ConcernsOil reserves ($ in US)Security Saudi Arabia (ally)Pursuit WMD

8Persian Gulf War (90-91)Operation Desert ShieldOperation Desert StormAug 8 - US troops to Saudi ArabiaNov 29 UN Resolution

Colin PowellAir Strikes Jan 91Norman SchwarzkopfGround Offensive Feb 91

6 Week UN/US Victory

Saddam Hussein left in powerBurn oil reserves = high $$$http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJGs2BDKq5g&feature=related

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/100best/storyD_story.html

9Operation Iraqi Freedom (03)Post Desert StormExpel UN weapons inspectorsBrutal Oppression

Post 9/11 Axis of EvilWMDUN (Hans Blix) returns 2002Report: No WMDBush asks UN to use forceUS & 30 nation coalition (Oct 02)

March 19, 2003 1st StrikeApril 9 Baghdad fallsMay 1 Bush Mission Accomplished speechDec 13 Saddam capturedTried & Executed 2006Post Gulf War Iraq was to allow UN IAEA weapons inspectors to monitor facilities and programs. Hussein uncooperative and eventually expelled them from his country. Continued brutal oppression of majority of his ppl (Shia to his Shiite Muslim Baath party).

GW went into office wary of Iraq and other nations pursuing WMDreferred to as Axis of Evil (Iran, Iraq, NK)Oct 2002, US Congress authorized Pres to use force. Saddam allows inspectors back inHans Blix reports no findings of chem/bio weapons or nuclear weapons program.

UN rejects Bushs request for authorization of forceBush forms Coalition of the willing to attack Iraq.

March 17, 2003 - Gave 48 hour get out or else notice to Saddam19th- Decapitation Strike Cruise missiles launched from carriers in Persian Gulf begin warground troops follow 3 days later.3 weeks later, capital fallsMajor warfare over April 14thresistance fighting continues (to this day). May 1 Bush declares victory and war overDec 13 Saddam caught hiding in a holelater tried in Iraqi court and executed (hung Dec 30, 2006)10Post War Iraq (03-10)US TroopsRebuild infrastructure & organizations Withdraw Aug 2010

2005New ConstitutionPresident Jalal TalabaniPM Nuri al-MalikiCouncil of Representatives

Iraq TodayUnstable GovtContinued violence

US troops stayed to help rebuild infrastructure, establish police and military forces that could fight resistance.Officially end 7 year involvement in Aug 2010fewer than 50K troops remain.Helped oversee Interim Govt 2004-2005 and Elections 2005.

National Assembly draft constitution pick president who picks prime ministerBoth Talabani and al-Maliki re-elected/selected in 2010.Council of Representatives is like Congress many parties and groups represented (Shia/Shiite/Kurds)Were to form new coalition govt after Nov 2010 elections (next elections 2014)hasnt happened.

Violence against women, journalists, minorities still occurs. Some corruption in elections. Resistance fighting still occurring.11~ Cost of Iraq War (03-10)4,408 US dead31, 921 US wounded

26K Iraqi fighters killed125 K Iraqi civilians killed

$806 Billion

http://costsofwar.org/

Cost Human LivesCost Economic 1. Fighting War materials and fuel 2. Paying Troops Salaries & benefits 3. Health Costs Vets care (medicare and disability) now and in future 4. Foreign Aid assistance to nation (infrastructure) 5. Homeland Security 6. Future Losses what could have we produced or how much have we lost with dead/injury 7. Debt interest on debt we incurred fighting war12Bushs DownfallClarence Thomas Confirmations

Broke No New Tax Pledge to help reduce growing budget deficit.

1990s RecessionHigh gas prices (Gulf War)End Cold War military industries layoffs/downsizingCut social spending, raised taxes

Lost re-election 1992Conservative base fell apart13ClosureHow did 1991 Persian Gulf War set us up to return to war with Iraq in 2003?14