Girding for War: North & South 1861-1865

Social, Economic, Political, and Diplomatic Topics of the Civil War

Mr. Pagliaro

Seymour High School

Diplomacy in Declaration of War

• Lincoln: War was about UNION• NOT slavery

• Wouldn’t upset BORDER STATES

• DE, MD, VA (WV), KY, MO

Native Americans in the War

• Oct. 1861-Delaware Tribe swore allegiance to Union

• 28,693 Native Americans served on both sides

• Cherokee chose Confederacy• Slave ownership

• Plains Indians joined Union

Cherokee confederates reunion in New Orelans, 1903

Native Americans sworn into Union Army

Advantages for each side

UNIONUNION• Population

• Industry

• Railroads

• Infrastructure

CONFEDERACYCONFEDERACY• Defensive War• Home Territory• Better military

leadership• Lee, Jackson

• Europe’s need for Cotton

Immigration during Civil War

• All #s are to Northern ports

French Zuoaves

Year Total Immigrants

1860* 153,640

1861 91,918

1862 91,985

1863 176,282

1864 193,418

1865 248,120

Trent Affair

• CSA Ambassadors aboard RMS Trent• John Slidell & James M. Mason

• From Charleston to Cuba to Britain• Goal: Diplomatic recognition

• Captured by USS San Jacinto• Americans wanted war w/ Britain

CSS Alabama

• Attacked American shipping around Europe

• Boared 450 Ships

• Captured 65 Union merchant ships

• Took 2,000 P.O.W.s

• Never stopped at an American port

Violating Monroe Doctrine

• Napoleon III (FR) sent Maximilian to be emperor of Mexico• Battle of Puebla, May 5, 1862• No American intervention

Habeas Corpus

• Lincoln suspended the right to possible secessionists or Confederate sympathizers

Drafts• Both North and

South enacted drafts• Union draft

• $300 commutation fee OR replacement got people out of service

• Immigrants drafted

• NYC Draft Riots• July 13-16, 1863

Economy of Civil War

• Morrill Tariff: increased rate on dutiable imports 70%

• Inflation:• Union: Greenbacks; costs rise 80%• Confederacy: Bluebacks; costs rise 9000%

• Due to Union Blockade

• National Banking System-1863

US Sanitary Commission• “…coordinate[d] the volunteer [war] efforts of

women…”• raised money ($25 million) via Sanitary Fairs• nurses• ran kitchens in the Army camps• administered hospital ships• Organized lodges for traveling or disabled soldiers• made uniforms

• Sewing machines• Permanent sizes