1861-1865

“Girding for War:The North and the South”

A. The Menace of Secession

March 4, 1861 – Lincoln’s Inauguration

Goal #1 – bring nation back together

B. South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter

April 12, 1861 - Civil War begins Firing on Ft. Sumter

Lincoln ordered supplies to fort

South opens fire – North surrenders

Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers and naval blockade

4 more states secede Confederate capital moved

to Richmond, VA

C. Brother’s Blood and Border Blood

Border states critical Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland Slave states that hadn’t

seceded Lincoln took questionable

steps martial law in Maryland declared fight not to end

slavery 5 “civilized tribes” join South “Brother v. Brother” fight

Tennessee – “volunteers” West Virginia – created during

war

D. The Balance of Forces

South’s advantages: Only had to defend Geography – “home field

advantage” Leadership – Lee, Jackson

North’s advantages: Population Industry Railroads Navy Money

South’s shortages caused the loss of the war

E. Dethroning King Cotton

South – get aid from England

Many Europeans support North end slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Southern King Cotton defeated by Northern “King Wheat and King Corn”

F. The Decisiveness of Diplomacy

Half-way support of England

Trent Affair southerners arrested from

English ship – England furious

C.S.S. Alabama English-made - captured

60+ vessels

G. Foreign Flare-ups

British “Laird Rams” Canadians burn American

cities Mexico

Austrian Archduke Maximilian named emperor

against Monroe Doctrine

H. President Davis v. President Lincoln

Southern government was a confederacy only loosely united States do their own thing

Pres. Davis not popular Pres. Lincoln head of

established government

I. Limitations on Wartime Liberties

Lincoln’s unconstitutional actions: increased army size suspended “habeas corpus” “monitored” border state

elections martial law in Maryland

J. Volunteers and Draftees: North and South

Military draft in North and South North = $300 exemption South = 20+ slaves

exemption Draft riots

NY – 1863 Union army – 90%

volunteer “A rich man’s war but a

poor man’s fight”

K. The Economic Stresses of War Morrill Tariff Act

raised tariff to 10% “greenbacks” printed

Led to inflation – 80% War bonds – largest revenue National Banking System

created – first since BUS standard money system regulated money in circulation roots of Federal Reserve

System today Southern economy struggling

Union blockade Inflation out of control –

9000%

L. The North’s Economic Boom

War = boom for business New machinery

Standard clothes sizes Mechanical reapers Oil in Pennsylvania

New roles for women Filled jobs Some even enlisted as men First female Doctor

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell Clara Barton – Red Cross

M. A Crushed Cotton Kingdom

South beaten down by war Southerners showed

character and put up strong fight