GIS-based Smart Campus

System using 3D Modeling

Smita Sengupta

GISE Advance Research Lab.

IIT Bombay, Powai

Mumbai 400 076, India

smitas@cse.iitb.ac.in

Concept of Smart Campus System

Overview of IITB Campus

• An area of over-500 acre with more than 10,000 population. It has a rich geography (natural,man-made) where continuous changes and newer investments are happening

General Concept

• To integrate demands and responses from environment, community, administrators andplanners by employing smart sensor devices and GIS based computing platforms.

• To deploy technologies which are based on standards that support inter-operability inintegrated manner, which will make an ideal platform for planning, monitoring facilities,resources, security, etc.

• To develop a model solution for communities, campuses, and cities for GIS-based operationsmanagement and planning.

• To develop a platform for research, technology development, innovation, infrastructurebuilding, modernization, and education within IITB collaboratively across the departments

January 25, 2011January 25, 2011 2

Application Architecture

Smart Campus Layers

January 25, 20114

http://www.gise.cse.iitb.ac.in/CampusGIS/iitb_grid_internal.html

Overview of 3D GIS

What is 3D?

• Adding third dimension i.e. height (z co-ordinate) to two dimensional (x & y

co-ordinates) plane or feature creates a 3D (three dimensional)

What is 3D GIS?

• 3D GIS inherits strongly from 2D GIS yet it has its own unique characteristics.

• 3D GIS includes terrain visualization, cityscape modeling, or virtual reality

and analysis of complex spatial data.

• The main components of a 3D GIS are: 3D Data Capture, 3D Visualization

and 3D Modeling and Management.

Why 3D GIS?

• 3D GIS unremarkably combines abstraction with realism

• Can be used in location based services systems, pedestrian and car routing

systems, urban planning, police/army training simulators and others

January 25, 2011 5

3D CITY GIS

3D INFORMATION MODEL

TECHNOLOGIES

USERS

3D city information modeling exploration through 3D navigating and querying is

particularly crucial since its purpose is to extract the relevant information in the available

data. In a 3D world, high-density infrastructure and data volume make this challenging.

Work-Flow of 3D GIS

January 25, 2011 6

Suggested Areas of Application of 3D GIS

• Ecological Studies

• Civil Engineering

• Urban Mapping

• Automatic Vehicle Navigation

• Environment monitoring

• Mining Exploration

• Landscape Planning

• Archeology

• Geological Analysis

• Hydrographic Surveying

• Architecture

• Marine Biology

January 25, 2011 7

Tool Used

Proprietary

• ArcGIS: Desktop GIS having many functionalities supporting shapefiles.

• Autodesk Map:3D CAD mapping software which bridges CAD and GIS.

Open Source

• Google SketchUp: SketchUp is a 3D modeling tool, designed for professional architects, civil engineers,

filmmakers, game developers, and related professions.

• Google Earth: 3D interactive earth browser

• Autodesk GML Viewer: Interactive, real-time visualization system, that allows to effectively load, explore,

and edit large 3D city models based on CityGML.

• VRML Viewer: VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) viewer.

Plug-in/Tools

• KML plug-in for ArcGIS: Export Shape files from ArcGIS to Google Earth into KML format

• Arc to SketchUp plug-in: Export Shape files to Google SketchUp for 3D modeling

• Shape to KML plug-in: Convert Shape files into KML and KMZ formats.

• SketchUp CityGML plug-in: Convert SketchUp models into CityGML format.

• Valid GML converter: Convert the non-valid CityGML models to valid CityGML format.

January 25, 2011 8

3D Modeling

• 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical and

geometrical representation of any three-dimensional object.

• 3D models represent a 3D object using a collection of points in 3D

space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines,

curved surfaces, etc. forming a structure called as Mesh.

• The surfaces of a 3D object help define the area or volume occupied

by the object. The surfaces of the mesh are usually represented by 3 or

4 sided polygons (triangles or rectangles).

• 3D modeling includes modeling of terrain, land parcels, building

footprints, etc. by giving them elevation or height factor i.e. third

dimension.

January 25, 2011 9

Work Flow of 3D Modeling

January 25, 2011 10

Workflows of Conversion of shapefiles into Final 3D Model

January 25, 2011 11

Google SketchUp(.skp Model)

SketchUpCityGML Plugin

Conversion of SketchUp Model into Markup Language Formats (CityGML)

CityGML Converter

Degree 3Data Manager

WPVSBackend

Non Valid CityGML format

Valid CityGML format

3D Models are in Local Co-ordinate system

3D Models are converted into World Co-ordinate system

Virtual Reality Markup Language

VRML

Geography Markup Language

GML

Key Hole Markup Language

KML

What is CityGML?

• A common information model for the representation of 3D urban objects.

• Defines the classes and relations for the most relevant topographic objects in cities and

regional models.

– In respect to their geometrical, topological, semantical and appearance properties

– Allows generalization hierarchies between thematic classes, aggregations, relations between

objects, and spatial properties.

– Helps to employ virtual 3D city models for sophisticated analysis tasks in different application

domains

• An open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D

city models.

• An application schema for the Geography Markup Language 3 (GML3), the extendible

international standard for spatial data exchange issued by the Open Geospatial Consortium

(OGC) and the ISO TC211.

City GML (Geography Markup Language)

January 25, 2011 13

The five levels of detail (LOD) defined by CityGML (source: IGG Uni Bonn)

In a 3D city model, the main objects that can be modeled are the following:ground, buildings, transportation network, bodies of water, city furniture, electric/power lines, and vegetation

objects.

A suitable capture technique is needed for each of these object classes.

The technique is related to the LOD (level of detail), the reference to the CityGML taxonomy to

define the modeling specification is used.

CityGML defines five levels of detail

numerated from zero to four :-

LOD 0:- 2.5 D digital terrain model

LOD 1:- Block model comprising buildings

structure (Height Data)

LOD 2:- Differentiated roof structures and

textures.

LOD 3:- Architectural models with detailed wall

and roof structures, detailed vegetation and

transportation objects.

LOD 4:- LOD3 model + adding interior structures

for 3D objects. For example, buildings are

composed of rooms, interior doors, stairs, and

furniture.

3D Modeling Level of Details (LOD)

January 25, 2011 14

IIT B Campus on Google Earth & Demarcated Roads

January 25, 2011 15

LoD1 building data set of the IITB Campus (Overall 3D model of IIT Bombay)

January 25, 2011 16

Exported Layers to Google Sketchup &

Modifying Building Architecture & Height

January 25, 2011 17

Editing the building layer in Google SketchUp(adding information and height data)

January 25, 2011 18

LoD2 LoD3 and LoD4 model of the KReSIT ( in Google SketchUp)

January 25, 2011 19

Wire Frame Model (Indoor Structures)

January 25, 2011 20

Future Work

• The further work of the Smart Campus is to develop a Building Indoor Navigation

System for effective evacuation in situation of fire and other dangers.

• The system will be an evacuation simulator to help make certain decisions

regarding building layout and fire protection system.

– Given building occupation details and exit points, the simulator will plan various evacuation

strategies, paths and schedules.

– It will includes an integrated user interface and 3D results visualization which will allows to evaluate

the evacuation models more quickly by producing graphs showing collection of vertices or 'nodes' (a

room or a lab) and a collection of edges that connect pairs of vertices (corridors, stair cases etc.).

• The proposed 3D GIS data model will be integrated with current GIS functions

– for storing and retrieving spatial data in 2D.

– for implementing 3D spatial queries using new spatial indexing methods and building a Node

Network.

• The system will work on Shortest Path Algorithm. Optimal path searching

algorithms can be applied to the network problems in 3-D space.

January 25, 2011 21

Thank You!