GIS Database (Geo-database)

CSCE 253-Database

Presented to: Dr. Awad Khalil

Presented by: Sarah Kholousi

Yousra Habib

WHAT IS GIS?

Data capturing

Relationships & patterns

TOP 5 BENEFITS OF GIS 1) Cost savings & increased efficiency

TOP 5 BENEFITS OF GIS 2) Better Decision Making

TOP 5 BENEFITS OF GIS 3) Improved Communication

TOP 5 BENEFITS OF GIS 4) Better Recordkeeping

TOP 5 BENEFITS OF GIS 5) Managing geographically

GIS COMPONENTS

1) Frame the Question

2) Find Data

3) Examine the Data

4) Analyze the Data

5) Share Results

Five steps of the Geographic Approach

DATA REPRESENTATION

FUNDAMENTAL DATASETS IN GEODATABASE

FUNDAMENTAL DATASETS IN GEODATABASE

1) Feature Classes

a) point b) line c) area d) annotation e) Dimension f) Multipoint g) Multipatches

TYPES OF FEATURE CLASSES

2) Tables

FUNDAMENTAL DATASETS IN GEODATABASE (CONT.)

3) Raster Dataset

FUNDAMENTAL DATASETS IN GEODATABASE (CONT.)

COMBINATION OF RASTER & VECTOR

GEODATABASE STORAGE IN TABLES & FILES

Oracle

IBM DB2

IBM Informix

Microsoft SQL Server

MODELING ANALYSIS

MODELING ANALYSIS EXAMPLE (CONT’D)

Project Data

Zone

Tool

Classify (Zone=Residential)

Derived Data: Residential

Zone

Project Data

Density

Tool

Classify (Density >=500)

Derived Data: Areas with

Density >=500

Project Data

K-12 Schools

Tool

Buffer (0.25 miles)

Derived Data: Area within 0.25 miles of Schools

Tool

Join

Derived Data: Residential Zones with high density youth areas and

Areas close to schools.

TYPES OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS 1) Queries

a) Attribute Queries

b) Spatial Queries

TYPES OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS b) Spatial Queries

Required from maps in 2 forms (Distance/Area)

Hand-Made (messy/inaccurate)

Usage of GIS tools and digital databases

• Provide speed

• More current data

• Reliability

• Accuracy

• Easier to adjust and edit

• Better visualization

Types of Spatial Analysis

2) Measurements

Distance:

• Between two points on a map

A- B: Alor Setar - Kuala Lumpur

360 KM

B- C: Kuala Lumpur - Kuantan

270 KM

TOTAL: 630 KM

POLYGONAL FEATURES (AREA)

•Perimeter

•The addition of segments length of a closed polygon.

•Area

•Quantitative expression of a surface

3) GEO-PROCESSING

① Buffer

② Overlay

① Clip

② Append

③ Erase

④ Select

⑤ Split

⑥ Dissolve

BUFFER

Creating a zone of specified distance around the point, line or polygon

• Fixed Distance Dissolve

• Fixed Distance overlapping

• Centric

• Variable Distance

Fixed Distance Dissolve

Fixed Distance Overlapping

Centric Variable Distance

OVERLAY

Stacking of layers over each other.

Overlay vector and/or raster data.

Using different layers to determine potential locations for some facilities.

OVERLAY (CONTINUED)

APPLICATIONS

1st application

Land O'Lakes Purina Feed, LLC,

• Manufacture and sell animal feed for 26 different species.

• Expand into new market areas specifically California

Objective: Find established retail feed locations to potentially approach for providing pet food.

1) Collected Demographic variables and internal sales data from different group

Demographic variables • Population

• Age,

• Ethnicity

• Total households income levels

• Marital status and industry data

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

2) Analysis on many phases

A ten-mile buffer was created around existing dealerships

A correlation matrix was created to find the following variables:

• In a family household

• Bachelors degree or higher

• Household with 3+ persons

• Homeowners between 35 and 54

• Homes that were owner occupied

• Income greater than 65,000

3) Figure out the areas where animal population is of greater density.

Surveys to estimate pet ownerships at state level.

Formulas were generated at neighborhood level. Households’ size, household income and ownership and pet

owning households.

Average feeding rate was calculated for each animal

Gross revenue was calculated using the total feed

Top 25% in gross revenue only as they are the most

profitable

Areas with the

top 25% pet

feed gross

revenue.

Areas with

the top

25% horse

feed gross

revenue.

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Greatest gross revenue areas +

customer profile

Result: Suitable and most preferable

areas for market expansion

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Possible locations for the Land O’Lakes pet feed shop

were generated in a list as they are in the proximity to

the areas of interest.

Benefits of this study: Their Customer profile

Areas of demographic make-up that is

relevant to them

Areas with high gross revenue in both

pet feed and horse feed

Areas with a highly favored

demographic composition in pet and

horse feed.

Lists of feed dealers in those areas of

interest.

An untapped/undeserved market in

which a feed retail location would be

favorable.

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

2nd Application

Amari Studios,

Guitar instruction business located in South Dakota

Objective: Analyze demographics to locate census blocks with

highest percentage of Amari Studio’s identified target market

outside their current service area.

Define Customer profile

Locate consumer groups geographically

Identify Target customer segment’s demographic and

socioeconomic characteristics

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Census block Variables

Age, sex, race, and population

Variables extracted and added to the ArcGIS.

Collected Data (US census data, Amari Studio’s

current data and Google maps) was converted.

Census blocks were ranked based on desired

attributes giving “high enrollment potential” to

“low enrollment potential” in the form of map.

High enrollment potential were converted into

their own layer for additional analysis.

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

The dark blue areas -high

enrollment potential

The lighter shade- have low

enrollment potential

• Lack an overall large

population or consists of a

percentage of inhabitants

under the age of 15.

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Further analysis to narrow the potential

areas and focus the client base

Highest five scoring census blocks

were selected

• Initiation of marketing and advertising

campaign could be considered.

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Testing on the areas of high enrollment

• To check accuracy of results

• Direct mail was sent with different phone codes to

two areas

• Area 1: Census block with highest enrollment potential

• Area 2: Houses that didn’t have the preferable

demographic characteristics.

Response of the potential customers to the

promotional flyer allowed for displaying the level

of interest with the target market chosen.

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Top five service area

census blocks contained

high number of potential

customers and located

near highly trafficked

public areas.

• Conduct outside

advertising campaigns of

various sorts.

APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Benefits of Analysis to Amari Studios:

Ability to integrate their own customer data,

and create new customer profiles as well as

having Google Maps.

Enhancement of their market research

Reduction of huge costs expense in terms

of analysis and any losses

4) CRIME MAPPING

BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES

http://www.crimemapping.com/map.aspx?aid=80d850e3-22ff-

45f9-bdc3-169502e1984d

Developed by the Omega Group

Help law enforcement agencies throughout North America

provide the public with valuable information about recent

crime activity in their neighborhood.

Assist police departments in reducing crime through a

better-informed citizenry.