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GLACITATION

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Page 1: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

GLACITATION

Page 2: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

GLACIERS

Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers.

20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered by ice.

Page 3: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

GLACIERS

Most of the world's glaciers are found near the Poles, but glaciers exist on all of the world's continents, even Africa.

Glaciers require very specific climatic conditions. Most are found in regions of high snowfall in winter and cool temperatures in summer. These conditions ensure that the snow that accumulates in the winter isn't lost during the summer.

Page 4: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Continental Glaciers

A dome-shaped mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain.

Larger and thicker than Alpine Glaciers

Page 5: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Alpine Glaciation

A mountain glacier whose flow is confined by valley walls.

Most middle and upper latitude mountain ranges have been shaped by Alpine Glaciers.

Page 6: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Glaciers

A glacier forms when snow accumulates over time, turns to ice, and begins to flow outwards and downwards under the pressure of its own weight.

Page 7: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Glaciers

In polar and high-altitude alpine regions, glaciers generally accumulate more snow in the winter than they lose in the summer from melting, ablation, or calving.

If the accumulated snow survives one melt season, it is considered to be firn.

Page 8: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Glaciers

The pressure created from the overlying snow compacts the underlying layers, and the snow grains become larger ice crystals randomly oriented in connected air spaces.

As compression continues and the ice crystals grow, the air spaces in the layers decrease, becoming small and isolated. This dense glacial ice usually looks somewhat blue.

Page 9: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Glaciers

The erosive power of glaciers is incredible!

Glacier ice can pick up material and move it 100’s of kilometers.

Page 10: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Abrasion

Erosive scraping and polishing

The Canadian Shield was formed as the result of abrasion

“Finger Lakes” Great Lakes

Page 11: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Glacial Features

Continental

Fjords

Moraines

Erratics

Kames

Kettles

Drumlins

Spillways

Alpine

Cirques

Horn

Hanging valleys

Lateral moraines

Medial moraines

Terminal moraines

Skerries

Page 12: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

Features of Glaciated Landscapes

Page 13: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

GLACIAL FEATURES

Page 14: GLACITATION. GLACIERS Approximately 10% of the earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. 20 000 years ago 25-30% of the earth’s land surface was covered

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