glass of the future - josre · glass of the future burnham‐moorescenter for real estate...

Glass of the FutureBurnham‐Moores Center for Real EstateUniversity of San DiegoMaster of Science in Real Estate Program

March 2014Lori Malins

Smart Glass | University of San Diego, MSRE

Table of Contents• Introduction – What is smart glass?

• Types of Smart Glass in Commercial Buildings

• Electrochromic Case Study

• Electrochromic Example in San Diego

• Benefits and Challenges of Electrochromic Glass

• Future of Smart Glass


Inefficient windows = wasted energy

• According to the U.S. Department of Energy, 25% to 35% of energy wasted in buildings is due to inefficient windows

• The California Energy Commission estimates that around 40% of a typical building’s cooling requirements are due to solar heat gain through windows

• Windows are important factors in energy efficient buildings


Smart Glass in Commercial Buildings• Glass or glazing that varies light transmittance and/or thermal properties

of windows

Types of Smart Glass

Liquid Crystal Low‐E Thermochromic Electrochromic



• Allows light flow with privacy

• Used for privacy control

• Changes on demand with an electric current

• Advantages: Privacy at the flip of a switch, no window coverings needed

• Disadvantages: Does not conserve energy

• Detailed description here: http://www.switchlite.com/home.html



• Traditionally used energy efficient glass

• Glass treated with invisible metallic coating to reflect or trap light and heat

• Reduces the amount of ultraviolet light that enters your home without blocking visible light

• Advantages: Limits UV rays, reduces energy bill, prevents furniture from fading, reduces sound levels in home

• Disadvantages: More costly than regular glass, slight haze to windows, no manual control, no control over visible light

• Detailed description here: http://www.efficientwindows.org/lowe.php



• Tint level based on temperature of the material

• Adapts directly to changing sunlight intensity

• Combined with low‐e technology

• Advantages: Continuously adapts tint to sunlight to manage heat and glare, installation the same as traditional windows, No power supply needed,

• Disadvantages: Cannot be manually controlled, glass may not receive enough heat from direct sunlight to darken, added weight to insulated glass units

• Detailed description here: http://www.commercialwindows.org/thermochromic.php



• Electrical current creates chemical reaction causing window to tint

• Depending on electrical current, selectable darkness allows more control over sun levels

• Current is not required to maintain tint level, only to change color states

• Very little current needed (power entire building of electrochromic windows equal to one light bulb)

• Detailed description here: http://www.commercialwindows.org/electrochromic.php• http://home.howstuffworks.com/home‐improvement/construction/green/smart‐

window4.htm


Traditional BuildingU Factor: 0.29 BTU/hr.ft2.FSHGC: 0.38Tvis: 70%

Manual shades on all sidesOverhang on south façade

Dynamic BuildingU Factor: 0.29 BTU/hr.ft2.FSHGC: 0.09 – 0.46Tvis: 3% – 58%

Manual shades on north façade

VS

Case Study Comparison | Low‐E vs. Dynamic Glass

Low Rise Office

4 stories, 80,000 sf

• $15.5M new construction

• 40% window to wall

punched‐opening

windows

• Packaged rooftop unit VAV

• Dynamic glass on E+W+S

facades

* Provided by View Dynamic Glass


Glazing

Electrical

HVAC

Internal shades

External shades

0.75

0

1.5

0.19

0.10

1.25

.02

1.3

0.06

0

0.50

.02

(0.21)

(0.13)

(0.10)

Total 2.54 2.62 0.08

Low-e Dynamic Difference

Cap Ex Low Rise Office Costs ($M)

$1/sf premium for Dynamic Glass0.5% premium of total building cost

Energy

HVAC maint

Shading maint

85

6

3

78

5

1

(7)

(1)

(2)

Annual Operating Costs Low Rise Office ($k)

11% lower OPEX Low-e Dynamic Difference


Savings8%

Dynamic Building

Traditional Building

Windows40%

Walls & Roof6%

InternalLoads54%

Windows31%

InternalLoads55%

Walls & Roof6%

8% lower peak cooling load

Savings14%

Dynamic Building

Traditional Building

Lighting45%

Airflow/Pumps8%

Cooling47%

Lighting38%

Airflow/Pumps7%

Cooling41%

14% HVAC and lighting electricity savings


Example Project – Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California• Part of Department of Defense’s Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)

• Retrofit project – 1,700 square feet of low performing clear glass replaced

Estimated Results

23% reduction in HVAC peak cooling load

18% decrease in gas use

9% decrease in total energy use on annual basis


Tint change over 20 minutes…

Smart Glass


Electrochromic Glass

Benefits

Energy Savings and greater energy management

Can include sensor to automatically tint windows

Manual control of tint level of individual windows

Greater management of heat and glare

More natural light and uninterrupted views

Increase occupant comfort and productivity

Allows for greater window to wall ratios, while still meeting codes and energy efficiency objectives

Applicable in new construction and retrofit buildings

Earns points towards Leed

Challenges

New technology with technical glitches

Higher upfront costs

Instillation more difficult

Higher maintenance costs

Without proven track record, hard to prove cost benefits

Does not replace blinds or other window treatments

Long transition times


Dynamic Glass and LEED

LEED Certification Points (up to 28 pts)

Energy and atmosphere 18

Indoor environment quality Thermal comfort 1 Daylight 3 Quality views 1 Interior lighting 2

Sustainable sights 1

Material and Resources 2

* View Dynamic Glass


Future of Smart Glass• Increase cost efficiencies

• Integration of smart glass with other electrical systems within building such as the HVAC and lighting systems

• Photovoltaic smart glass – generating electricity while darkening windows with thin film of PV panel

• Wireless systems

• Other electronics in glass such as thermometer or display

Questions?


Links + Resources• Ander, Gregg D. "Windows and Glazing."WBDG. Whole Building Design Guide, 18 June 2010. Web. 03 Mar. 2014.

<http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php>.

• "Category: Dynamic Glass ‐ Suntuitive® by Pleotint ‐ Dynamic Windows." Suntuitive® by Pleotint. N.p., 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.pleotint.com/1/category/dynamic‐glass/1.html>.

• DeBusk, Steve. "New Low‐e Glass or Window Film? A Comparison to Help You Decide." Buildings.com. Buildings, 25 June 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.buildings.com/article‐details/articleid/14300/title/new‐low‐e‐glass‐or‐window‐film‐a‐comparison‐to‐help‐you‐decide.aspx>.

• "Dynamic Sun‐Activated SolarSmart Glass." Innovative Glass. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.innovativeglasscorp.com/solar‐smart>.

• Gromicko, Nick, and Ethan Ward. "Low‐E Windows." Int'l Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI). N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nachi.org/low‐e‐windows.htm>.

• "Guide to Low‐E Glass." Lowes. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. <http://www.lowes.com/cd_Guide+to+LowE+Glass_1277235128_>.

• Heuser, Chris. View Workplace Low Rise Case Study. N.p.: View Dynamic Glass, n.d. PPT.

• Khowal, Deepika. "View Windows at MCAS." Telephone interview. 28 Feb. 2014.

• "Marine Corps Air Station ‐ View." View. N.p., 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.viewglass.com/miramar.php>.


Links + Resources continued• "Pros and Cons of Low‐E Windows." DIY Home Improvement Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014.

<http://www.doityourself.com/stry/pros‐and‐cons‐of‐lowe‐windows#b>.

• "Smart Glass." Glazette. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.glazette.com/Glass‐Knowledge‐Bank‐93/Smart‐Glass.html>.

• "Understanding Windows." Efficient Windows Collaborative. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.efficientwindows.org/glossary.php>.

• Walsh, Dennis. "Smart Glass with a View." Green@work. Green@work, 12 Dec. 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://greenatwork.com/?p=694>.

• Wasco, Mick. "View Windows at MCAS." Personal interview. 27 Feb. 2014.

• "What Are Smart Windows." Ravenbrick. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ravenbrick.com/what‐are‐smart‐windows/how‐it‐works/>.

• "Windows and Glazing | ISustainable.org." ISustainable.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.isustainable.org/windowsandglazing.php>.

• "Windows for High‐performance Commercial Buildings." Http://www.commercialwindows.org/. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://www.commercialwindows.org/dynamic.php>.


Links + Resources continued• "Windows of the Future."Windows of the Future. Consumer Energy Center California Energy Comission, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014.

<http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/residential/windows/windows_future.html>.

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