glossary glossar - steinhardt.nyu.edu · maize makkajo‘xori majority ko‘pchilik mandate of...

High School Level

Glossary Global History

Glossary

English / Uzbek

Translation of Global History terms based on the Coursework for Global History Grades 9 to 12.

Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students

Updated: July 2017

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education

Office of Bilingual Education and World Languages http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of The University

BETTY A. ROSA, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D. ................. Bronx T. ANDREW BROWN, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D. ........................................................... Rochester ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................. Great Neck LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed.D. . ...................................................................... Beechhurst CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. . ........................................................................... Staten Island WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. ............................................................................................... Rochester KATHLEEN M. CASHIN, B.S., M.S., Ed.D. ...................................................................... Brooklyn JAMES E. COTTRELL, B.S., M.D. ....................................................................................... New York JOSEPHINE VICTORIA FINN, B.A., J.D. .............................................................................. Monticello JUDITH CHIN, M.S. in Ed. ............................................................................................... Little Neck BEVERLY L. OUDERKIRK, B.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed. ........................................................... Morristown CATHERINE COLLINS, R.N., N.P., B.S., M.S. in Ed., Ed.D. ............................................ Buffalo JUDITH JOHNSON, B.A., M.A., C.A.S. ............................................................................. New Hempstead NAN EILEEN MEAD, B.A. ................................................................................................ Manhattan ELIZABETH S. HAKANSON, A.S., M.S., C.A.S. ................................................................ Syracuse LUIS O. REYES, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ................................................................................... New York SUSAN W. MITTLER, B.S., M.S. ....................................................................................... Ithaca Commissioner of Education and President of The University MARYELLEN ELIA Executive Deputy Commissioner ELIZABETH R. BERLIN The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including braille, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

GLOBAL HISTORY GLOSSARY – HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

1 NYS Statewide Language RBERN

ENGLISH UZBEK

A A.D milodiy aboriginal Mahalliy aholiga oid absolutism absolyutizm African civilization Afrika sivilizatsiyasi Age of Reason Aqllilik davri agrarian agrar sohaga oid AIDS/HIV OITS/OIV allegiance sadoqat alliance ittifoq allies ittifoqchilar amnesty amnistiya, afv etish ancestry kelib chiqish animism animizm annex qo‘shib olish, bosib olish anthropology antropoliya anti‐Semitic antisemitizmga xos, aksil‐somiy apartheid aparteid appeasement tinchlantirish Arab League Arab Ligasi archeology arxeologiya aristocracy aristokratiya art san’at artifacts tamaddun qoldiqlari Asia Osiyo assimilate qo‘shib olmoq atlas atlas autocracy avtokratiya autonomy avtonomiya, muxtoriyat

B B.C. miloddan avval backgrounds oldingi ma’lumotlar Balance of Power kuschlar muvozanati Balkans Bolqon yarim oroli battle jang Belief systems e’tiqod tizimlari belligerent urush holatida, urushayotgan tomon Berlin Airlift Berlinda yuklarni havoda tashish Berlin Wall Berlin devori bible Injil Black Death Qora o‘lim (Yevropada 1348‐49‐yillarda tarqalgan o‘lat) blockade qamal Bolshevik Revolution Bolsheviklar inqilobi boundaries chegaralar bourgeoisie burjuaziya Boxer Rebellion Boksyorlar qo‘zg‘oloni



ENGLISH UZBEK Bronze Age bronza asri bubonic plague qora o‘lat Buddhism buddizm, buddaviylik dini Bushido Bushido, samuraylarning axloq kodeksi Byzantine Vizantiya,

C Capital poytaxt capitalism kapitalizm Caribbean Karib dengizi havzasi cartel kartel cash crop tovar ekin caste system kasta tizimi Catholicism katolitsizm cause sabab censorship senzura Central America Markaziy Amerika century asr change o‘zgarish charter xartiya child labor bolalar mehnati China Xitoy Chinese xitoy tili, Xitoyga oid Christianity xristianlik chronological order xronologiya tartibi church cherkov circumnavigate sayohat qilb dunyoni aylanib chiqish citizen fuqaro, vatandosh city‐state shahar‐davlat civil disobedience fuqarolarning bo‘ysunmasligi civil war fuqarolar urushi civilizations tamaddunlar clan aymoq classical civilizations klassik tamaddunlar clergy din arboblari, ruhoniylar climate iqlim coalition koalitsiya Cold War sovuq urush collective kollektiv, jamoa collective security kollektiv xavfsizlik colonialism mustamlakachilik colony mustamlaka command economy markaziy boshqaruv ostidagi iqtisodiyot commercial revolution tijorat inqilobi common good keng iste’mol tovarlari common law oddiy huquq communication muloqot communism kommunizm



ENGLISH UZBEK communist Party kommunistik partiya community jamoa concentration camp jamloq, konsentratsion lager concept tushuncha conclusion xulosa conflict ziddiyat, mojaro Confucianism konfutsiylik Congress of Vienna Vena kongressi conquest bosib olish conquistadores konkistadorlar, bosqinchilar consent rozilik conservation of resources resusrslarni saqlab qolish conservative konservativ constitution konstitutsiya constitutional monarchy konstitutsion monarxiya consumption iste’mol containment tiyib turish contemporary issues zamonaviy masalalar continent qit’a contribution hissa controversial events bahs qo‘zg‘ovchi masalalar costs xarajat Counter Reformation aksil‐reformatsiya country mamlakat coup d’état davlat to‘ntarishi Creoles kreollar crisis tanglik Crusades salb yurishlari Cuban missile crisis Kuba bilan bo‘gliq raketa tangligi cultural diffusion madaniy xusisiyatlarni o‘zaro o‘zlashtirib olish Cultural Revolution madaniy inqilob culture madaniyat customs odatlar Czar tsar, oqposhsho

D Dark Ages Ilk o‘rta asrlar debt qarz decline kamayish deforestation o‘rmonlarning yo‘q bo‘lib ketishi democracy demokratiya demographic patterns demografik manzara desertification cho‘llashuv despot zolim despotism zolimlik detente vaziyatning yumshashi developing country rivojlanayotgan mamlakat diaspora diaspora



ENGLISH UZBEK dictatorship diktarura diplomacy diplomatiya direct democracy bevosita demokratiya discrimination kamsitish discuss muhokama, muhokama qilmoq diseases kasalliklar displaced persons turarjoyidan ko‘chirilgan kishilar dissident dissident, o‘zgacha fikrlovchi distance masofa distribution taqsimlash diversity rang‐baranglik divine right xudo bergan huquq drug trafficking narkotiklarni tashish dynasty sulola

E earth yer Eastern Hemisphere Sharqiy yarim shar economic growth iqtisodiy o‘sish education ta’lim effect samara Egypt Misr election saylov embargo embargo emigrate bir joydan boshqa joyga ko‘chib ketmoq emperor imperator empire imperiya encomienda system Enkomiyenda tizimi encounter uchrashuv endangered species yo‘qolib ketayotgan turlar enforce ijro etish (masalan, qonunlarni) ENGLISH INGLIZ(CHA) English Bill of Rights Angliyaning Huquqlar to‘g‘risida”gi qonuni enlightenment ma’orif environment atrof muhit epidemic epidemiya equal teng era era Estates‐General Bosh shtatlar ethnic cleansing etnik tozalash ethnic conflict etnik mojaro ethnic groups etnik guruhlar ethnic tension etnik munosabatlar tarangligi ethnocentrism etnosentrizm Eurasia Yevrosiyo Eurodollar yevrodollar European Union Yevropa Ittifoqi events voqealar



ENGLISH UZBEK excommunication cherkovdan chetlatish expansion ekspansiya, kengay(tir)ish exploitation ekspluatatsiya qilish exploration o‘zlashtirish, tadqiq qilish export eksport extraterritoriality hududlar mustaqilligi

F fact fakt factors omillar famine ochlik Fascism fashizm Fascist Party fashistlar partiyasi federation federatsiya Fertile Crescent HosildorYarimoy feudalism feodalizm fiefdom feodal yer egaligi folklore folklor foreign tashqi foreign aid tashqi yordam foreign policy tashqi siyosat free trade erkin savdo French Revolution Fransuz inqilobi fundamentalism fundamentalism

G gender jins generations avlodlar ENGLISH INGLIZ(CHA) genocide genotsid geographic factors jug‘rofiy omillar geography jug‘rofiya ghetto getto glasnost oshkoralik global economy global iqtisodiyot global history global tarix global market global bozor global migration global migratsiya global trade global savdo global village global qishloq globalization globallashuv globe globus Glorious Revolution Shavkatli inqilob goals maqsadlar gothic gotik government hukumat, boshqaruv groups guruhlar guerrilla warfare partizanlar urushi



ENGLISH UZBEK

H Hammurabi Code Hammurabining qonunlar to‘plami Hellenistic Ellinlarga(greklarga) oid heretic kofir Hinduism hinduizm Holocaust holokost Holy Land Muqaddas zamin human rights inson huquqlari humanism gumanizm humanitarian gumanitar hunters and gatherers ovchilar va yig‘uvchilar

I ideas g‘oyalar immigration immigratsiya imperialism imperializm import import income daromad Indian Empires Hind imperiyalari indulgences gunohlarni kechirish yorliqlari Indus Valley Hind daryosi vodiysi Industrial Revolution sanoat inqilobi industrialism sanoatlashtirish inflation pulning qadrsizlanishi ENGLISH INGLIZ(CHA) infrastructure infratuzilma inquisition inkvizitaiya interdependence o‘zaro bog‘liqlik interpretation talqin qilish invasion bostirib kirish invention kashfiyot Iron Curtain temir parda irrigation sug‘orish Islam islom dini isolationism izolyatsionizm

J jihad jihod Judaism yahudiylik justice adolat, odil sudlov

K knowledge bilim Koran

Qur’oni Karim



ENGLISH UZBEK

L laissez‐faire cheklanmagan bozor land grants yer tarqatish land reform yer islohoti language til Latin America Lotin Amerikasi latitude kenglik legend afsona, shartli belgilar (xaritadagi) legislature qonun chiqarish liberal liberal, erkin liberty ozodlik Life expectancy umr davomiyligi literacy savod location manzil, turgan joy longitude uzunlik

M Magna Carta Buyuk erkinliklar xartiyasi maize makkajo‘xori majority ko‘pchilik Mandate of Heaven Ilohiy mandat, Rim Papasining dindoshiga yozgan xati manor maps xaritalar ENGLISH INGLIZ(CHA) Marshall Plan Marshall rejasi Marxism marksizm massacre qirg‘in Mecca Makki mukarrama medieval o‘rta asrlarga oid Meiji Restoration Meydzi restavratsiyasi mercantilism merkantilizm meridian meridian Mesoamerica Markaziy Amerika Mesopotamia Mesopotamiya mestizos metislar Mexican Revolution Meksika inqilobi Middle Ages o‘rta asrlar Middle East O‘rta Sharq migrant migrant migration migratsiya militarism militarizm millennium mingyillik minority kamchilik missionary missioner modern zamonaviy monarchy monarxiya Mongol mo‘g‘ol



ENGLISH UZBEK monotheism monoteizm monsoon musson mosque masjid Mothers of the Plaza De Mayo Mayo maydoni Onalari mountains tog ‘lar multicultural ko‘pmadaniyatli

N Napoleonic Code Napoleon kodeksi nation state milliy davlat nationalism millatchilik natural resources tabiiy resurslar Nazism natsizm negotiate muzokara qilmoq Neolithic neolitga oid neutrality betaraflik New Imperialism yangi imperializm Ninety Five theses To‘qson beshta tezus Nobel Peace Prize Tinclik bo‘yicha Nobel mukofoti nobility dvoryanlar tabaqasi nomads ko‘chmanchilar ENGLISH INGLIZ(CHA) nonalignment qo‘shilmaslik non‐violence zo‘rovonlikdan voz kechish North America Shimoliy Amerika North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Simoliy Amerikada erkin sado shartnomasi (NAFTA) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Shimoliy Atlantika shartnomasi tashkiloti (NATO) nuclear age Yadro asri Nuremberg Trials Nyurenberg sud jarayoni

O oceans okeanlar official rasmiy Old Imperialism eski imperializm oligarchy oligarxiya Olmec civilization Olmek tamadduni opinion fikr Opium War Afyun urushi opposition muxolifat oral tradition xalq og‘zaki ijodi an’anasi Organization of American States (OAS) Amerika davlatlari tashkiloti (OAS) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Neftni eksport qiluvchi mamlakatlar tashkiloti (OPEC) organizations tashkilotlar origin kelib chiqish Orthodox Christian Church pravoslav xristian cherkovi Ottoman usmonlilar overpopulation aholining ko‘payib ketishi overthrow to‘ntarish



ENGLISH UZBEK

P Paleolithic paleolit davriga oid Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Falastinni ozod qilish tashkiloti (PLO) Panama Canal Panama kanali parallel parallel parliamentary system parlament tizimi partition bo‘lish passive resistance sust qarshilik ko‘rsatish patrician patritsiy Pax Romana Pim imperiyasidagi tinchli Pearl Harbor Pyorl‐Harbor peasants dehqonlar per capita income aholi jon boshiga daromad perestroika qayta qurish persecution ta’qib qilish ENGLISH INGLIZ(CHA) Persian Gulf War Fors ko‘rfazi urushi perspective istiqbol, perspektiva pharaoh fir’avn philosophy falsafa photograph fotosurat physical map fizik xarita pilgrimage ziyorat, muqaddas joylarni ziyorat qilish plague vabo plebeian plebey plebiscite xalqni so‘rov qilib fikrini bilish pluralism firk erkinligi, pluralism poem she’r pogroms qirg‘in point of view nuqtai nazar political map siyosiy xarita political party siyosiy partiya political systems siyosiy tizimlar politics siyosat pollution ifloslanish polytheism politeizm, ko‘pxudolik population aholi post‐Cold War sovuq urushdan keying davr poverty qashshoqlik power kuch, hokimiyat Pre‐Columbian civilizations Kolumbdan oldingi tamaddunlar pre‐history Tarixdan oldingi davr prejudice xurofot, vaziyatni bilmay turib fikr bildirish president president primary source ilk manba prime minister bosh vazir privatization xususiylashtirish



ENGLISH UZBEK productivity ishlab chiqarish samaradorligi Proletariat , proletariat propaganda targ‘ibot protectionism proteksionizm, ichki bozorni himoya qilish protectorate protektorat Protestantism protestantizm Public xalq public opinion jamoatchilik fikri Puritan Revolution Puritan inqilobi Pyramids piramidalar, ehromlar

Q Queen qirolicha Quota kvota ENGLISH INGLIZ(CHA)

R

Racism irqchilik rain forest subtropik o‘rmon raw materials xom ashyo Rebellion isyon, qo‘zg‘olon Red Guards qizil gvardiya Reform islohot reformation o‘zgartitish Refugee qochoq Regionalism regionalizm Reign of Terror Yakobin terrori reincarnation jonni ko‘chib yurishi relationship munosabat Religion din religion belief diniy e’tiqod religion group diniy guruh, diniy tashkilot Renaissance Renessans representative democracy vakillik demokratiyasi Republic respublika Resources resurslar restoration tiklash revolution inqilob Revolutionary War mustaqillik uchun urush river valley civilizations daryo vodiylarida paydo bo‘lgan tamaddunlar rivers daryolar Roman Empire Rim imperiyasi rural qishloq joyga oid Russian Revolution rus inqilobi Russification

ruslashtirish



ENGLISH UZBEK

S samurai samuray satellite nation yo‘ldosh (qaram) mamlakat scarcity yetishmovchilik scientific method ilmiy uslub secondary source ikkilamchi manba secular sekulyar, dunyoviy segregation segregatsiya, irqiy ayirmachilik self‐determination o‘z taqdirini o‘zi belgilash self‐government o‘zini o‘zi boshqarish senate senat separation of church and state davlat bilan cherkovning bir‐biridan ajratilishi Sepoy Mutiny Sepoylar qo‘zg‘oloni serf krepostnoyga oid Shintoism sintoizm shogun syogun Silk Road Ipak yo‘li slash and burn farming o‘simliklarni yoqib yo‘q qilish bilan yer ochib

dehqonchilik qilish slave trade qul savdosi slavery qullik social ijtimoiy social class ijtimoiy sinf Social Darwinism ijtimoiy darvinism socialism sotsializm socialist sotsialist solidarity birdamlik South America Janubiy Afrika sovereignty suverenitet, egamenlik Soviet Union Sovet Ittifoqi sphere of influence ta’sir doirasi stability barqarorlik standard of living yashash standarti state davlat, shtat status maqom steamboat paroxod stereotype stereotip, qotib qolgan fikr stratification bo‘lish structure tuzilma, struktura subcontinent subkontinent Sub‐Saharan Africa Sahroi Kabirdan pastda joylashgan Afrika davlatlari superpowers buyuk davlatlar Supply and demand talab va taklif symbols ramzlar, belgilar

T Taiping Rebellion Tayping qo‘zg‘oloni



ENGLISH UZBEK Taoism daosizm technology texnologiya terrorism terrorchilik theory nazariya Third World uchinchi dunyo Tiananmen Square Tyananmen maydoni timeline xronologiya chizig‘i Torah Tavrot totalitarianism totalitarizm trade imbalance savdoda muvozanat yo‘qligi traditions an’analar treaties shartnomalar Treaty of Versailles Versal shartnomasi tribal group qabilalar guruhi tribalism qabilachilik tribunal tribunal Triple Alliance Uchlar ittifoqi Triple Entente Antanta truce sulh Twelve Tables O‘n ikkita jabval tyranny zulm

U United Nations Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti uprising qo‘zg‘olon urban shaharga oid urbanization urbanizatsiya, shaharlashuv utopian reform utopiyachilar islohoti

V value qadriyat vassal vassal Vedas Vedalar viceroy vakil, noib vote ovoz bermoq

W war urush Warsaw Pact Varshava shartnomasi weapons qurollar Weimer Republic Veymar Respublikasi Western Hemisphere G‘arbiy yarim shar Westernization g‘arblashtirish White Man’s Burden oqtanli kishi zimmasidagi yuk world jahon World Bank Jahon Banki World War I Birinchi jahon urushi World War II Ikkinchi jahon urushi



ENGLISH UZBEK writing system Yozuv tizimi

Z Zionism sionizm Zulu zuluslar

glossary glossar - steinhardt.nyu.edu · maize makkajo‘xori majority ko‘pchilik mandate of...

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