gmax test reports · the peak of that curve is referred to as the “gmax”. this is the primary...

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GMAX TEST REPORTS

ON-SITE TESTING GMAX IMPACT EVALUATION

Unit #2 ● 29 River Road ● Bow ● New Hampshire ● 03304 Telephone: (508) 259 0030 ● E-Mail: [email protected]

July 28, 2014 ● Page | 1

Project Information

Summary Sports Labs USA was commissioned to perform on-site Gmax impact testing per ASTM F1936. A complete test was performed in accordance with the ASTM F1936 Standard. The results have been summarized in the quick reference table below. Complete results and background can be found in the subsequent sections of this report.

Quick Reference Results Summary Average (min) Range (max) Max per ASTM

Gmax (G’s) 77 74 to 82 200

Infill Depth (mm) 37 35 to 40 n/a

Head Injury Criteria (HIC)*

188 170 to 207 1,000*

*HIC is included as a reference to account for impact duration and is not a requirement of the ASTM F1936.

Project Name

Southwestern College Football Stadium Field ASTM F1936 Gmax Impact Evaluation

Client Info

FieldTurf 175 Industrial Blvd. Calhoun, GA

Site Info

Southwestern College 900 Otay Lakes Road Chula Vista, CA

Report Date

7/28/2014 Test Date

7/25/2014

Report Status

Final Report No.

FFFT-140725

Prepared & Checked by

Jeffrey Gentile Laboratory Director

Notes: 1. This report has been prepared by Sports Labs USA with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the Client and within the limitations of the resources devoted to it. 2. This report is confidential to the Client and Sports Labs USA accepts no responsibility whatsoever to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk. 3. This report shall not be used for engineering or contractual purposes unless signed by the Author and the Checker and unless the report status is “Final.”



July 28, 2014 ● Page | 2

Table Contents Project Information .................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Location Map ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Results Table ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Results Graphs .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Overall Photo ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Method Background ................................................................................................................................. 6 Location Photos ........................................................................................................................................ 8 End of Report ............................................................................................................................................ 9

General Information

Testing Device ASTM F1936 Apparatus TRIAX 2010 Data Acquisition

Test Method

ASTM F1936-10 ASTM F355 Procedure A

Install Date N/A Test Date 7/25/2014

Field Orientation

End a= East Primary Sport

Football

Product Info FTRV-57 Infill System

Sand and rubber

Underlayment None Air Temp (° F)

80

Misc Field Notes

None Weather Conditions

Sunny

Location Map



July 28, 2014 ● Page | 3

Results Table

Loc #

Drop #

Gmax (G)

H.I.C Location Description Gmax

Avg (G)

Infill Depth (mm)

HIC Avg

(HIC)

Surface Temp (ºF)

1 67 159 Goal Line, End A, field

centerline 74 36 170 147 1 2 73 171

3 74 168

1 70 166 10 Yard Line, End A, 63 ft from field centerline to the

Side C 78 35 191 153 2 2 77 187

3 79 194

1 65 148 25 Yard Line End A, 40 ft

from field centerline to Side C

74 36 176 155 3 2 73 173

3 74 179

1 69 159

field centerline 75 38 181 138 4 2 75 180

3 75 181

1 66 152 25 Yard Line, East end, 63 ft from field centerline to Side

D 75 39 181 152 5 2 74 180

3 76 181

1 69 163 12 Yard Line, End B, field

centerline 77 39 187 139 6 2 76 185

3 77 188

1 75 185

North Team area, Side D 82 40 205 124 7 2 81 203

3 82 206

1 72 171 37 Yard Line, End B, 40 ft from the field centerline to

Side C 80 37 197 132 8 2 79 195

3 80 198

1 71 166 6 ft from Goal Line to the back of the End Zone, End A,


3 79 196

1 73 181 6 ft from the back of the End Zone to the Goal Line, End B,


3 83 212

Averages: 77 37 188 140



July 28, 2014 ● Page | 4

Results Graphs

74

78

74

75

75

77

82

80

78

82

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average G-Max Reading

Loca

tio

n N

um

ber

Average Gmax Value per Location

3635

3638 39 39 40

3735

37

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ave

rage

In

fill

Dep

th (

mm

)

Location Number

Average Infill Depth per Location



July 28, 2014 ● Page | 5

Overall Photo

170

191

176

181

181

187

205

197

189

207

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average HIC Reading

Loca

tio

n N

um

ber

Average Head Injury Criteria (HIC) Value per Location



July 28, 2014 ● Page | 6

Method Background

ASTM F355 Procedure A and ASTM F1936 are test methods used to measure the impact

attenuation properties of synthetic turf playing systems. ASTM F355 Procedure A covers the

overall test method and ASTM 1936 specifies the method for measurement in the field on an

installed synthetic turf playing surface.

The test procedure involves dropping a 20 lb impacting missile three times at each location

from a consistent height of 24 inches. The test is typically performed at 10 locations. The

locations are based on the primary sport and the discretion of the tester. The first drop

conditions / compacts the loose infill. This value is recorded but not included in the location

average. The second and third drops are recorded and averaged for the location average. The

location averages are used to determine the field average.

The impacting missile contains an accelerometer sensor that measures the magnitude of

deceleration (measured in units of gravity or G’s) for the duration of impact. The deceleration

measured during impact creates a curve. The peak of that curve is referred to as the “Gmax”.

This is the primary value measured with this test. The maximum allowable Gmax as specified

in the current ASTM F1936 test specification is 200 Gs.

Although it is not a requirement of the ASTM-F1936 specification, another important value

determined and recorded is the Head Injury Criteria (HIC). In addition to Gmax (peak

deceleration), the duration of impact is useful when attempting to assess the probability for

a potential head injury. HIC takes into account both the deceleration and the duration by using

a mathematical interrogation of the impact deceleration curve over a time interval. HIC is

typically determined using a hemispherical impacting missile. Research has been performed

using a hemispheric impacting missile that related HIC values to the probability at which a

head injury will occur as a result of an impact generating fall. This research produced a

graphical display of this relationship called the “Expanded Prasad/Mertz Curves”. These curves

are based on data from cadaver experiments in which the relationship between HIC scores,

skull fracture, and brain damage were observed. To reiterate, the HIC head injury probability

curves were determined using a hemispherical impacting missile as is used in playground

testing. They should be interpreted cautiously but can be very helpful when attempting to

understanding the severity of impact values. In reference to the playground standard (ASTM

F1292), the maximum recommended value for HIC is 1000. For reference, the head injury

probability charts can be found on the following page.



July 28, 2014 ● Page | 7

HIC Related to Head Injury Probability

HIC Value Minor Head

Injury Moderate Head

Injury Critical Head

Injury Fatal Head

Injury

0 0% 0% 0% 0%

250 40% 20% 0% 0%

500 80% 40% 2% 0%

750 95% 70% 4% 0%

1000 98% 90% 8% 2%

1250 100% 95% 10% 2%

1500 100% 98% 20% 4%

1750 100% 100% 45% 10%

2000 100% 100% 70% 30%

2250 100% 100% 90% 70%

2500 100% 100% 95% 90%

2750 100% 100% 98% 95%

3000 100% 100% 100% 100%

Minor Head Injury: A skull trauma without loss of consciousness; fracture of nose or teeth; superficial

face injuries.

Moderate Head Injury: A skull trauma with or without dislocated skull fracture and brief loss of

consciousness. Fracture of facial bones, without dislocation; deep wound(s).

Critical Injury: A skull trauma with loss of consciousness for 12 hrs and having permanent brain damage.

Example of the “Expanded Prasad-Mertz Curve

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500HIC Value

HIC related to Head Injury Probability

Minor Head Injury

Moderate Head Injury

Critical Head Injury

Fatal Head Injury



July 28, 2014 ● Page | 8

Location Photos Photo have been taken at each location and are displayed in the sequence on the sequence map below.

Location #9 Location #1




July 28, 2014 ● Page | 9




End of Report

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PERFORMANCE TEST REPORTS

ON-SITE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING


August 27, 2014 ● Page | 1

Project Information

Overall Photo

Project Name

Southwestern College Stadium Field Performance Testing Evaluation

Client Info

FieldTurf 175 Industrial Blvd Calhoun, GA

Site Info

Southwestern College 900 Otay Lakes Road Chula Vista, CA

Report Date

8/27/2014 Test Date

8/16/2014

Report Status

Final Report No.

FFFT-140816

Prepared & Checked by

Jeffrey Gentile Laboratory Director

Notes: 1. This report has been prepared by Sports Labs USA with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the Client and within the limitations of the resources devoted to it. 2. This report is confidential to the Client and Sports Labs USA accepts no responsibility whatsoever to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk. 3. This report shall not be used for engineering or contractual purposes unless signed by the Author and the Checker and unless the report status is “Final.”



August 27, 2014 ● Page | 2

Table Contents Project Information .................................................................................................................................. 1 Overall Photo ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 2 General Information ................................................................................................................................. 2 Results Table ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Location Map ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Force Reduction (Advanced Artificial Athlete) ......................................................................................... 5 Vertical Deformation (Advanced Artificial Athlete) .................................................................................. 6 Energy Restitution (Advanced Artificial Athlete) ...................................................................................... 7 Surface Regularity (NF P 90-112) .............................................................................................................. 8 End of Report ............................................................................................................................................ 8

Summary Sports Labs USA was commissioned to perform on-site testing for the following characteristics listed below.

Ball Rebound – EN 12235:2004

Ball Roll – EN 12234:2002

Rotational Resistance – EN15301:2007

Advanced Artificial Athlete Tests: Force Reduction Vertical Deformation, & Energy Restitution – FIFA 04/05

Surface Regularity – NF P 90-112

Complete results and background information can be found in the subsequent sections of this report.

General Information

Install Date June 2014 Test Date 8/16/2014

Field Orientation

End A = West Primary Sport Football

Product Info FTRV-57 Infill System Sand & Rubber

Underlayment Yes Air Temp (° F) 78

Surface Temp (° F)

87 Weather Conditions

Clear & Sunny

Humidity (%) 48% Wind Speed (mph)

5 mph



August 27, 2014 ● Page | 3

Results Table

Property Recommended

Range

Test Position

1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg

Vertical Ball Rebound (m)

.60m to 1.0m 0.59 0.70 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.77 0.71

Ball Roll (m) 4m to 12m 5.16 4.76 4.92 5.28 4.71 5.05 4.98

Rotational Resistance (N)

25N to 50N 28 28 28 27 29 26 28

Force Reduction (%)

55% to 70% 70.5 65.0 66.0 66.5 66.5 68.5 67.2

Vertical Deformation

(mm) 4mm to 11mm 11.0 9.4 10.0 9.6 10.1 10.3 10.0

Energy Restitution (%)

20% to 50% 42.0 42.0 42.0 43.0 45.0 43.5 42.9

Infill Depth (mm) n/a 35 35 36 37 35 35 36

Location Map



August 27, 2014 ● Page | 4

Rotational Resistance – EN15301:2007 Rotational Resistance measures the interaction between the cleat sole and the surface relating to the ability of a player to change direction. Higher values can relate to a surface that resists the rotation of a foot when a player is changing direction and increase the potential for lower extremity injury. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.

28 2828

27

29

26

28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg

Ro

tati

on

al R

esis

tan

ce (

N)

Location Number

Rotational Resistance Depth per Location



August 27, 2014 ● Page | 5

Force Reduction (Advanced Artificial Athlete) Force Reduction measures the impact absorption provided by surface to a player under foot as they run. A lower value describes a surface that is harder underfoot and higher value describes a surface that is harder underfoot. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.

70.5

65.066.0

66.5 66.5

68.5

67.2

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg

Forc

e R

edu

ctio

n (

%)

Location Number

Average Force Reduction per Location



August 27, 2014 ● Page | 6

Vertical Deformation (Advanced Artificial Athlete) Vertical Deformation measures the amount a surface compresses as an athlete runs across it. This value is often related to speed of play and surface stability. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.

11.0

9.4

10.09.6

10.110.3

10.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg

Ver

tica

l Def

orm

atio

n (

mm

)

Location Number

Average Vertical Deformation per Location



August 27, 2014 ● Page | 7

Energy Restitution (Advanced Artificial Athlete) Energy Restitution is defined as the energy returned as a percentage of the energy of applied. This can be thought of as the springiness of the surface. This value relates to the feel underfoot as well as the speed of play. The recommended range can be found in the results table above.

42.0 42.0 42.043.0

45.0

43.542.9

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg

Ener

gy R

esti

tuti

on

(%

)

Location Number

Average Energy Restitution per Location



August 27, 2014 ● Page | 8

Surface Regularity (NF P 90-112) This test evaluates the planarity of a surface. A 3 meter straight edge is used to check for deviations greater than 10 mm across the entire field of play.

End A = West

No Deviations Found

End of Report

gmax test reports · the peak of that curve is referred to as the “gmax”. this is the primary...

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