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Neuroanatomy: Structures

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

Amanda Gooding, Ph.D.

Department of PsychiatryNeuropsychiatry and Behavioral Medicine

Neuropsychology Clinical Training Seminar

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Goals

Neuroanatomy

Neuropathology

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Pic

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Movie

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Planes Are Not For Flying

• Axial/Transverse/Horizontal

• Coronal

• Sagittal

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How Do I Get There - Directions

• Lateral

• Medial/Mesial

• Inferior

• Superior

• Rostral

• Dorsal

• Posterior

• Anterior

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Head to Tail

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Pic

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Proencephalon (forebrain)

• Telencephalon

–Cerebral hemispheres

• Cortex

• Subcortical White Matter

• Basal Ganglia

• Basal forebrain nuclei

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Diencephalon

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Epithalamus

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Mesencephalon (midbrain)

• Cerebral Peduncles

• Tectum

• Tegmentum

• Mesencephalon

– Pons

– Cerebellum

• Myelencephalon

– Medulla

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Rhombencephalon

• Metencephalon

– Pons

– Cerebellum

• Myelencephalon

• Medulla

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Netter

Illustration from Netter

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Brodman

Brodman’s Areas

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Brodman’s Areas

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skull

Iimage from Bigler

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Base

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Base2

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Medial

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Basal Ganglia

• Caudate

• Putamen

• Globus pallidus

• Subthalamic nucleus

• Substantia nigra

– pars compacta

– Pars reticulata

• (Nucleas accumbens)

• (Ventral pallidum)

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Lesion in BG

• Hyperkinetic (HD)

• Hypokinetic (PD)

• Mixture

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BG Inpt/Opt

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Neostriatum or striatum

• Caudate + Putamen

– Receives all input to BG

– Most cortical input is excitatory (glutamate)

– Output is GABA

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Lentiform

• Globus Pallidus + Putamen

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BG Pic

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Brain Stem

• 1. Roof Plate• 2. Tegmentum• 3. Basal Portion

Basic Strucrure ofBrain Stem

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Axial T2 Image

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Axial T2 Image2

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Axial T2 Image3

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Axial T2 Image4

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Axial Flair

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Axial Flair2

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Axial Flair3

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Axial Flair4

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Coronal

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Coronal2

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Coronal3

Marc Norman, Ph.D.

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Homonculus