goat milk safety and consumption in abergelle, ethiopia
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Sarah Warren, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) - World Food Prize intern, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, August 2013.TRANSCRIPT
Goat milk safety and consumption
in Abergelle, Ethiopia
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) – World Food Prize intern
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
August 2013
Sarah Warren
OUTLINE
Personal Background
Food Safety in the Sheep and Goat Value Chain
Project
Introduction to my Project
Methods
Results
Acknowledgements
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
FOOD SAFETY IN SHEEP AND GOAT VALUE CHAIN
Food Safety and Zoonoses, “Safe Food Fair
Food”
Roles in the process of the value chain, from
production to market and consumption
Diseases and their effect on production
MY PROJECT: GOAT MILK SAFETY AND
CONSUMPTION IN ABERGELLE
Wanted to test perceptions and realities on
goat milk production and consumption in
Abergelle
Test the milk to see what is actually in it,
compare to perceptions
METHODS
2 villages (Zaquala and Tanqua)
11 questionnaires
2 enumerators
Open ended, multiple choice questions
ABERGELLE VILLAGES
ZAQUALA TANQUA
ENUMERATORS
ZAQUALA – TESFAY GLINORIAN TANQUA – HAILAI HAGUS
METHODS – GOAT MILK SAMPLES
Collected 19 samples
Processed them at Holetta Agricultural
Research Center in the Dairy Lab
Microbial Analysis and Chemical Constituent
Analysis
METHODS - MICROBIAL ANALYSIS
15 samples were tested in this analysis
Serial Dilution with Pepton water
Plate Count agar, incubate for 24 hours
Mark colonies, count bacterial colonies and
contaminations
METHODS – MICROBIAL ANALYSIS: SERIAL
DILUTION
METHODS - CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ANALYSIS
8 samples, combined based on herd
Water:Milk ratio accounted for to fill the tubes
Analyzed: Fat, Lactose, Protein, and Total Solids
percentage content
Lactoscope
LACTOSCOPE
Cleaning the Lactoscope
Milk Analysis
RESULTS - QUESTIONNAIRES
Generally, goat milk was believed to be safe,
healthy, and important.
Milk and goats are susceptible to disease, so
villagers take precautions.
Women not allowed to drink goat milk.
Production and consumption levels vary with
season.
RESULTS - QUESTIONNAIRE
Goat Milk
Collection
Store in smoked container, in a cool place
Churn, Separate
Milk Butter
Ferment Yogurt
Boil, Separate
Skim Milk
Drink Whole Milk
Drink Boil
Whey, Soft
Cheese
-Use (cooking, cosmetics) - Sell at market
Other Info: - Sometimes villagers prepare a dish called “tagamino” to which they add yogurt - Prepare a traditional cheese, called “agip”
RESULTS – QUESTIONNAIRES: WEBA TREE
Thought to have
medicinal
properties, the
leaves of these
trees would be
smoked into the
milk container
prior to milk
storage, lining the
pot with the
residue.
RESULTS – QUESTIONNAIRES: WEBA TREE
RESULTS – QUESTIONNAIRE: PROCESSING AND
STORAGE
Raw Milk
Storage (above)
Butter Storage -
>
Churning milk
by suspending
container by
strap and
agitating
(above)
<- Milk collection pot
Storage containers with “lids”
(below)
<- Child’s milk drinking cup
RESULTS – MICROBIAL ANALYSIS
The colonies were counted at the highest
dilution
Ranged from 5-106 colonies
RESULTS – CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Sample Fat % Protein % Lactose % Total Solid
%
Z31, Z32,
Z33 3.52 5.97 2.35 11.84
T11, T12,
T13 14.71 9.06 5.14 28.94
Z11, Z12,
Z13 9.65 6.27 4.74 20.66
Z21, Z22 15.24 8.48 5.6 29.32
Z41, Z42 19.18 9.5 6.54 35.23
A21, A22 16.07 6.63 4.73 27.42
A11 10.87 6.31 3.31 20.28
T21, T22 16.65 9.1 5.93 31.69
Average for
goat milk 3.5 3.1 4.6 12
Found higher
contents than
the average for
goat milk,
maybe due to
first milk
CONCLUSIONS
Women need to drink milk (break taboo,
education?)
Test vaccines from Woreda Ag Center
Milk seems to be healthy enough, though a
large number of bacteria was found in some
samples, suggesting there is possibility of
disease
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS – THANK YOU!!
Dr. Tadelle, Grum, “Team Mike,” and the whole
Biotech department
Holetta Dairy Research Center
Respondents in the Abergelle village
My Ethiopian mom, Tigist
Barbara Szonyi, the best advisor ever
BARBARA AND TIGIST!