golden rule 9: excavation worktoolbox-hse-ftp.total.com/ro/travaux_fouille/r09...in compliance with...

GOLDEN RULE 9:

EXCAVATION WORK

GM-GR-HSE-457 - V0 - JANUARY 2020 / EN

This guide contains practical information for Group employees to raise their awareness to the risks

related to excavation work and help them to organize these operations in compliance with the musts and mustn’ts

of Golden rule no.9 and the Group HSE requirements stipulated in the Group HSE rule CR-GR-HSE-419

“HSE requirements for Excavation Works”.

It does not reiterate all the requirements of the rule CR-GR-HSE-419 in detail which,

combined with Golden Rule no.9, are the reference documents specifying the Group HSE requirements

concerning excavation work.

The best practices in this guide can be applied in all Group entities and affiliates, in compliance with their respective decision-making rules and without superseding applicable local legal and regulatory provisions.

3

Golden Rule no.9

Accidentology related to excavation work

Excavation work and related risks

PREPARATION

� Identification of underground structures and networks

� Risk analysis

EXCAVATION WORKS

� Protect the excavation area and underground networks

� Clearly mark the excavation area and the work site

� Safety distance

WORKS INSIDE THE EXCAVATION

ON COMPLETION OF WORK

CO

NTE

NTS

TIP SHEETS

29

0607

11

21

33

05

1217

222527

5

Perform excavation work with a permit comprising a map of all buried hazards.

Apply precautions for work in confined spaces, as necessary.

Clearly mark all excavation areas and identify underground structures.

GOLDEN RULE No.9

EXCAVATIONWORK

Place machinery or spoil piles within one meter of a trench being excavated.

YOU MUST:

YOU MUST NOT:

6

ACCIDENTOLOGY RELATED TO EXCAVATION WORK

35 fatalities per year

during excavation works in the USA (source National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health– NIOSH, USA).

Worldwide, all sectors

In 14 years

in France,

117occupational accidents as a result of cave-in (source EPICEA database - France).

occur in excavations less than 3 m deep (source OPPBTP December 2013 - France).

2/3 of cave-ins

In the Group, over the period 2008-2018

Over 40 potentially serious events related to excavation works (incidents at the work station).

fatalaccident

Main causes of accidents during excavation works:ripping out or hitting underground networks.

1

7

EXCAVATION WORKS AND ASSOCIATED RISKS

Excavation and trench

ExcavationA trench, cavity, cut or hole in the ground and involving the extraction of earth or rock, including geotechnical drilling and piling activities.

Trench

Long and narrow excavation made in the ground, the depth of which is equal to or greater than its width measured at the bottom of the excavation.

p. 9-PRINCIPAUX RISQUES DES TRAVAUX DE FOUILLE :


p. 10-EQUIPEMENTS OU ENGINS D’EXCAVATION

p. 13-LES INVESTIGATIONS COMPLEMENTAIRES : DETECTION ET / OU SONDAGES

Non lisible

Non lisibleREPRÉSENTER PELLE

Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible

p. 15-SIGNALISATION DES OUVRAGES : MARQUAGE AU SOL ET PIQUETAGE

-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE

p. 17-Implantation du balisage : à plus d’1 mètre du bord.

-Vêtements de signalisation :

-PROTECTION CONTRE LA CHUTE DES PERSONNES ? DES ENGINS ?

p. 21-QUAND EST-T-ON EN ESPACE CONFINE ?

p. 23-DETERMINATION DE LA DISTANCE DE SECURITE

p. 24-MOYENS D’ACCES SECURISES

1m 1m

1m

SCHEMA D’ORIGINE PEU CLAIR

Terrain instable : a = 2xh

Terrain compact : a = 2xh

NOTA : b doit être au minimum de 2m

Extrait Guide Technique

b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR

PHOTOS + CLAIRES DANS NV DOC





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Excavation work is sometimes also referred to as digging work. The term ‘excavation work’ will be used in this document.

Golden rule no.9 and the group HSE rule CR-GR-HSE-419 cover the excavation execution as well as the activities carried out in the excavated area.

8

Cave-in / wall collapse on personnel in the trench

Objects falling into the excavation

Personnel falling

Risk of dangerous atmosphere

Burns or electrocution owing to contact or an electric arc

with overhead electrical lines

Risks related to hitting an active underground network

or a dangerous object (e.g. shell)

Machinery/equipment falling or toppling over (risks related to driving

near the excavation area)

Risks related to the movement of excavating machines.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


MAIN RISKS

People moving around or working near an excavation or people working at the bottom of an excavation are potentially exposed to the risks related to excavation work.

9

EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT OR MACHINERY/VEHICLES

Soft or “non-aggressive” excavation techniques

Excavation methods using soft techniques such as those described below:





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Hand shovel Air pick

“Aggressive” excavation techniques

Excavation method using mechanical machinery or pickaxe, e.g.

Pickaxe Jackhammer Mechanical excavator digger, mini digger, etc.)

Vacuum excavator with rigid tip

Trencher





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Vacuum excavation with a soft tip

Truck-mounted drilling rigs





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


10

TIP SHEETS

11

PREPARATION

12

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

IDENTIFICATION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES AND NETWORKS In the Group, the most serious accidents related to excavation work are caused by ripping out or hitting pipelines carrying flammable substances (gas or liquid) or live power lines that were not detected or were not expected to be found at a given location or a given depth.

It is therefore crucial to identify underground structures and networks in the work preparation phase. This implies having accurate information about the underground and up-to-date plans. It is formalized by an excavation certificate. If an underground network is identified, another step, called spot on site is performed on site (see page 14).

Perform excavation work with a permit prepared based on subsurface maps

Clearly mark the excavation area and identify underground networks

YOU MUST:

REQUIREMENTS OF CR-GR-HSE-419

Prior identification

Any underground structures or networks in or near the excavation footprint (area that may be affected by the work) need to be identified:

� Using existing plans.

� By consulting operators of third-party structures or networks if necessary.

� By possible additional investigations. N.B. If “aggressive” excavation methods are used, additional investigations will be systematically performed.

13

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

The excavation certificate is not an authorization to start work.A work permit is needed.

≠

Excavation certificate

The identification of underground structures or networks is formalized by an excavation certificate (apart from exceptions, cf. CR-GR-HSE-419).

It is accompanied by a plan giving details of any underground installations.

The excavation certificate, sometimes referred to as the “supplementary excavation permit” or “excavation notice” is an independent document established before the work permit.

Its aim is to:� Formally define the consultation of pertinent

in-house services.

� Inform the company performing the work of the location and type of underground structures present in the excavation area.

� Specify general safety instructions.

THE EXCAVATION CERTIFICATE

24, rue Salomon de Rothschild - 92288 Suresnes - FRANCETél. : +33 (0)1 57 32 87 00 / Fax : +33 (0)1 57 32 87 87Web : www.carrenoir.com

TOTALTOTAL_Logo2017_CMYK29/12/2016

RÉFÉRENCES COULEUR

M100% Y80%

M48% Y100%

C100% M80%

C70% M30%M100% Y80%

EXCAVATION CERTIFICATE

In-house consultations

External agencies to be consulted

General safety instructions

NO. ...

Page 9

+For more information

on aggressive excavation methods

Page 34

+For more information

on updating plans

14

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

Spotting on site: marking on the ground and picketing

Any identified underground installations or networks identified are localized on site.The spotting on site is done using the color code corresponding to the network(s) in question.

Example of methods used for spotting on site:

Spotting on site by picketing Spotting on site by painting on the ground

TO TAKE THINGS A STEP FURTHER

Complementary investigations: detection with or without surveys

This involves searching for underground networks so that their location can be accurately pinpointed with a maximum uncertainty of +/- 50 cm.

Detection techniques No one method is suitable for all conditions and situations. Electromagnetic detectors and ground penetrating radars are the basic tools used in complementary investigations without excavation. It is advisable to use them both.

The effectiveness of the search for underground networks depends first on the pertinence of the information collected upstream (plans, preliminary studies, visits on site) and on operators’ competencies when it comes to using and interpreting the results from the different systems and tools used to detect and locate underground networks.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


15

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Electromagnetic localization sensorsare used to locate electrical conductors (copper, steel, cast iron, etc.).





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Ground oriented radars are used to detect insulator networks (PVC, PE) or networks for which the type and location are not known.

Acoustic detectors are used to locate certain types of pipelines transporting water or gas.

Metal detectors are not suitable for locating underground networks. They are used for other tasks such as locating plugs, manhole covers, or metal inspection holes.

In certain countries, there are qualifications or certification for companies specialized in detection.

E.g. In France, it is mandatory to have certification in the localization of underground networks in the cases required by regulations. In other cases, the QUALIFNEDRE professional qualification is required.

Non-intrusive detection techniques are used in priority, for example: acoustic, radar, electromagnetic and seismic techniques.

In general:

16

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

1 to 2 potential fatalities

During ground-leveling work, the bucket of the mini-digger hit and cut through a 20,000 V high-voltage line. According to the plan - that had a high level of accuracy - the line should have been 1.5 m away from the excavation area. The driver of the mini-digger was shocked by the incident, which could have had drastic consequences for his colleague who was in the work area.

The risks had not been correctly assessed. The plan was not accurate and the results of further investigations were not taken into account.

SERIOUS INCIDENT

THAT OCCURRED IN THE GROUP

For further information on detection methods:

Guide ED 6164 “Work near underground networks and complementary investigations without excavation” (INRS - France).

Guide to applying the regulations concerning work near networks - part 2 (MTES and Observatoire national DT DICT-France).

Guide HSG47 - Avoiding danger from underground services (United Kingdom).

When surveys are carried out, the number and position of survey points are chosen to accurately identify the position of the underground networks and to factor in any possible changes in direction.

Surveys When detection techniques are not sufficient or unsuitable for the accurate location of underground networks, they are combined with surveys performed with non-aggressive techniques to expose the structures concerned.

17

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

RISK ANALYSIS


Elements in the risk analysis

Among other information, the risk analysis includes the following among other information:

� Potential pre-existing site pollution.

� Traffic and other activities taking place on the site.

� Presence of underground structures throughout the excavation area.

Reminder of the main risks of excavation work

Page 8

Based on the information given in the excavation certificate and the operating procedure initially proposed, the contractor company develops the risk analysis and suitable operating procedure. A work permit is prepared, indicating the measures to be taken.


A risk analysis must be performed. It gives rise to the definition of a suitable operating procedure including the risk management measures identified.


YOU MUST:

18

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

What is considered as a confined space?

When the depth of the excavation is greater than 1.3 m AND that at least one of the following conditions is present:

� Trench excavation (see page 7).� Intervention on or near equipment containing

toxic or flammable substances (hydrocarbons, mercury, etc.).� Interventions on gas or hydrocarbon pipelines

where a leak is suspected.� Potential emanations of toxic or inflammable gases (H2S, CO,

CO2, CH4, etc.) from decomposing organic matter, contaminated soil or by thermic motors from nearby engines.

It often happens that on industrial oil and gas sites (refineries, petrochemical or chemical sites, etc.) excavations deeper than 1.3 m deep are systematically considered as confined spaces, owing to the possibility of a dangerous atmosphere.

If the excavation is considered as a confined space, apply and respect the applicable rules and refer to Golden rule no.8.

GOLDEN RULE No. 8

CONFINED SPACES

Irrespective of the depth of the excavation, an atmospheric test is performed before any access or work, when the presence of a dangerous atmosphere is suspected.

� Type and quality of soil, wall arrangements.

� Presence of water.

� Presence of a dangerous atmosphere.

� Presence of nearby structures or buildings.

� The time the excavation remains open (to be reduced to a minimum in the planning phase).

� Depth (height) and risk of people or objects falling into the excavation (See CR-GR-HSE-425: HSE Requirements for Excavation Works).

The risk analysis takes into account all phases of the work.

19

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

Danger zone around the excavation vehicle

This area corresponds to: the maneuver area of the excavation vehicle + the movement area of the mobile part (swivel range of the excavation equipment).





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Multiple potential injuries

During excavation works by a site vehicle, a gas pocket caught light at the bottom of the trench. The soil was contaminated by hydrocarbons that were releasing vapors. The vapors caught fire when the digger bucket struck stones, causing sparks.SERIOUS

INCIDENTS THAT OCCURRED

IN THE GROUP

The corresponding safety distance is defined in the risk analysis depending on the work environment and the equipment used, and considering the information given on the user instructions of the excavation vehicle/equipment.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


DANGER





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


2 m

1 injury: fractures

Person fell into an excavation 3.5 meters deep during work to build foundations. When the accident occurred, the victim was at the edge of the pit that had not been fenced off in the digger rotation zone. When the digger rotated, it pushed the victim into the excavation.

Movement area of the mobile part

Maneuver area

20

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

TIP SHEETS

21

PR

EPA

RA

TIO

N

EXCAVATION WORK

21

22

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK

PROTECT THE EXCAVATION AREA AND UNDERGROUND NETWORKS

The excavation works covered in this sheet are the works done to dig an excavation, and not the works carried out in the excavations.

VIGILANCE during excavation work:There are no warning devices on certain old networks.The conventional color codes are not always respected.


Restrictions related to aggressive excavation methods

Excavation work using aggressive methods is prohibited: � At a distance of < 1 m from networks presenting a high level of risk

for safety (gas, hydrocarbon, water vapor pipelines or electrical wires, etc.).� If a warning device is discovered.

If this distance cannot be respected, the networks are fully de-energized.

Page 9

+For further information

on “aggressive” excavation techniques

23

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK

BEST PRACTICES

Systematically isolate all underground networks identified on the work site before work starts.

The walls of the excavation must be reinforced to prevent cave-in, in the following cases AND if personnel are expected to access the excavation:

� Trench excavation (see page 7) more than 1.3 m deep.

� Or an excavation where a cave-in risk was identified in the risk analysis.

Arrangement of the walls


The warning devices indicate the presence of an underground network, to identify the type of network and indicate the routing.

A minimum distance is maintained between the warning device and the network. This distance is defined in compliance with regulations / local standards.

If slabs are laid, then the warning mesh is laid directly on top of the slabs.

Identification of underground networks using a warning device

Isolate networks Adapt the type of shovel when using a mechanical digger

When a mechanical digger is being used close to underground networks, a bucket without teeth should be used in priority whenever possible.

24

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK

Types of arrangements for excavation walls

Shoring Sloping

Benched slope

Multiple potential injuries

During excavation work at a depth of 4-5 m in an excavation that was protected up to 3/4 of the height, the upper edges caved in, moving the supporting walls and struts.

As solid protection barriers were installed and respected, no personnel were present in the zone during this phase when the shoring of the walls had not been completed. Nobody was injured.

SERIOUS INCIDENT






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Wall arrangements are designed to avoid the risk of cave-in and protect people working in the excavation.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Net or plastic strip





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Location of warning device





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


A minimum distance is maintained between the warning device and the network.

25

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK

CLEARLY MARK THE EXCAVATION AREA AND THE WORK SITE


The excavation footprint is marked out using appropriate signage/markings.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


If there is a risk of people or vehicles falling: adapted rigid and visible day and night barrier is put in place.

BEST PRACTICES

Signage and protective barriers must be installed: at least 1 meter from the edge of the excavation.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


> 1 m

The excavation footprint is the maximum area where the excavation is planned.

Clearly mark all excavation areas and identify underground structures.

YOU MUST:

26

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK

High-visibility clothing: When moving around the excavation area, personnel must wear high-visibility clothing.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR



Examples of protection against falls





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


Concrete Jersey barrier

Solid physical barrier

Physical protections for vehicles: concrete safety barriers, systems to block wheels, etc.





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


1 potential injury

A Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP) got stuck in the ground near an excavation. A forklift truck was positioned to pull the MEWP out using a sling. The basket operator was in the MEWP and attempted to maneuver the wheels during the operation.

When the truck began to pull, the MEWP gradually slid into the excavation, which was not protected by solid physical barriers.

SERIOUS INCIDENT


� For personnel � For vehicles/machinery





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


The type and position of barriers must be adapted according to the risks to be prevented, while ensuring that they remain compatible with the work phases to be performed (see page 17 - risk analysis).

Remember the risk of falling into the excavation when handling or removing the protective barriers.

27

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK

SAFETY DISTANCEThe safety distance from the edge of the excavation helps limit the risks of objects falling into it, overloading the edges of the excavation, or rupture of the embankment.

Place machinery or spoil piles within one meter of an excavation.

YOU MUST NOT:


� For material extracted from the excavation (not applicable to vehicles), the minimum distance of 1 m can be reduced if:

� Access to the excavation by personnel is forbidden:� AND if necessary and sufficient measures are implemented to guarantee

that this instruction is respected for the entire period the excavation is open.

� A greater safety distance can be defined during the risk analysis depending on the nature of the soil, the dimensions of the excavation, the wall arrangements and the characteristics of vehicles or equipment. E.g. heavy vehicle such as a crane.

1 person injured.

Part of the trench that was shored by wooden boards, collapsed as an operator was installing extra struts to secure them.

The excavated material, stored too close to the trench, caused the walls to cave-in. The person could have been buried.

SERIOUS INCIDENT






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


> 1 m > 1 m

28

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK

TIP SHEETS

29

EX

CA

VAT

ION

WO

RK


29

30

WO

RK

S IN

TH

E E

XC

AVA

TIO

N



YOU MUST:


Install safe means of access and egress in the excavation (depth > 1.3m) to make access and evacuation easier, including in an emergency (see best practices).

A monitoring assistant is required in the following cases:

� when the excavation machine operator does not have, from his driving position, adequate visibility of the excavation tool and its path in the area of intervention or the excavation is approaching an existing network.

� when personnel are present in an excavation at a depth of > 1.3 m

Page 18+ For further details on confined spaces

Access to the excavation

Inspecting the excavation before access

Monitoring assistant

Inspect the excavation on completion of the excavation operation and every day before personnel enter it.

Inspection points:

� general condition of the excavation: presence of water, gas or contamination.� the area around it: guardrails, etc. � access to it: ladders, steps, etc. � the condition of the protection systems (shoring, grading, etc.).

31

WO

RK

S IN

TH

E E

XC

AVA

TIO

N

BEST PRACTICES

� Use of stairs, graded slopes or ladders.

Safe means of access





Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR






Non lisible


Non lisible

Non lisible

outil non lisible


-BALISAGE

p. 16-BALISAGE







1m 1m

1m






b

a

h

PIOCHE À AIR


� Manage water flow to keep the access points in good condition and enable personnel to climb down into the excavation in all weathers.

� Create a safe point of access on either side of the excavation and make sure that stairs or ramps have guardrails.

� In trenches, personnel must not have to cover a distance of more than 8 m to find a safe means of exiting the excavation.

� If ladders are used, they must be installed at an angle between 65° and 75°, stable (fixed at the top or bottom) and sticking out of the excavation by at least 1 m.

� To access a deep excavation using a long ladder, it is advisable to equip the operator with a fall arrest system attached to an anchor point on the shoring system.

32

WO

RK

S IN

TH

E E

XC

AVA

TIO

N

TIP SHEETS

33

WO

RK

S IN

TH

E E

XC

AVA

TIO

N


33

34

ON

CO

MP

LET

ION

OF

WO

RK

BEST PRACTICE



Before closing the excavation, a warning device is systematically installed just above the underground network (characteristics and installation in compliance with applicable / local regulations/standards).

Identification of installations

Page 23+ For further information on warning devices

Update the underground plan (or create them if there are none) when:

� a new underground structure has been laid;

� an unexpected underground structure is discovered;

� an incorrect location of an existing underground structure is identified.

Updating plans

The new structure or network is georeferenced.

TOOLS THE GOLDEN RULESIn 11 languages

The Golden Rules app

Available from Apple Store and Google Play.

AVAILABLE TOOLS

Videos

E-learningOn Lizzy

Android Iphone

www.toolbox-hse.total.com

Posters

Awareness kits

Practical guides

Support material to accompany the Golden Rules.

The HSE Toolbox

TOTAL’SGOLDEN

RULES Have another look at the musts and mustn’ts for the Golden rules, quizzes to test your knowledge and much much more!

total.com

HSE DivisionTOTAL S.A.2, place Jean Millier - La Défense 692078 Paris-La Défense Cedex - FranceTel. +33 (0)1 47 44 45 46Share capital: € 6,340,193,800Registered in Nanterre RVS 542 051 180

Total is a major energy player, which produces and markets fuels, natural gas and low-carbon electricity. Our 100,000 employees are committed to better energy that is safer, more affordable, cleaner and accessible to as many people as possible. Active in more than 130 countries, our ambition is to become the responsible energy major.

24, rue Salomon de Rothschild - 92288 Suresnes - FRANCETél. : +33 (0)1 57 32 87 00 / Fax : +33 (0)1 57 32 87 87Web : www.carrenoir.com

TOTALTOTAL_Logo2017_CMYK29/12/2016

RÉFÉRENCES COULEUR

M100% Y80%

M48% Y100%

C100% M80%

C70% M30%M100% Y80%

golden rule 9: excavation worktoolbox-hse-ftp.total.com/ro/travaux_fouille/r09...in compliance with...

Documents