PRESENTAION ON

GONIOMETRY

BY SUMAN SHAIKH

DPT 3rd YEAR (BATCH 2015-19)COP, JPMC

OUTLINE• Definition• Uses• Parts of goniometer• Degree of freedom• End feel• Procedure of goniometry• Active ROMs for shoulder and

elbow

GONIOMETRYGonio = Angle , metron =

measure

It is a technique used to measure and document amount of available range of motion of joints.

Both PROM and AROM can be measured.

Tests of muscle strength(MMT) and neurological function are used in conjunction with goniometry

USES OF GONIOMETRYTo identify abnormal conditions related to

muscles, tendons and joints. Such as:1. Contractures2. Decreased ROM due to disuse or injuryDeveloping treatment goals

For evaluating progress/lack of progress in rehabilitation treatment.

Finding effectiveness of specific therapeutic technique, medication or surgical procedure.

GONIOMETERA standard (universal) goniometer Consists of :1. Stationary arm: It is part of body,

cannot move independently2. Moving arm: Attached to fulcrum

in the center of body3. Body: A full circle on which 0o to

360o

• degrees are drawn.

GONIOMETER

INCLINOMETER (Gravity goniometer)

Measures joint range with

reference to line of gravity

DEGREE OF FREEDOMJoints are described in relation to

number of planes that they can move in.

Uniaxial : movement in only one plane e.g. elbow joint, knee jointBiaxial : movement in 2 planes e.g. wrist jointMultiaxial : movement in 3 planes e.g. shoulder joint

END FEELThe feeling of a structure being a barrier for further motion at the end of joint range is called END

FEEL.

The types of structures limiting ROM have their own characteristic end feel.

These are of 2 types1. Normal2. abnormal

PROCEDURE1. Ask the patient to acquire recommended

testing position.2. Place the join in zero position (neutral

position) 3. Stabilize the proximal joint component.4. Before using goniometer, ask patient to move

distal joint component to complete range, until end feel is determined.

5. Now palpate bony landmark6. Align the goniometer7. Read and record the measurement.

ACTIVE ROMs

Shoulder Joint RangeFlexion 0-180

Extension 0-40

Abduction 0-180

Internal rotation 0-80

External rotation 0-90

Shoulder Flexion

Shoulder Extension

Internal rotation

Shoulder abduction

External rotation

ACTIVE ROMs

Elbow Joint RangeFlexion 0-150

Radio-ulnar joint RangeSupination 0-80pronation 0-80

Elbow Flexion

Elbow Extention

Time for Some Practical Work…..

-----THANK YOU-----ANY QUESTIONS ??