good practice way out of energy debt brochure

7/30/2019 Good Practice Way Out of Energy Debt BROCHURE

1/20

Good practice ways out of energy debtImplementation of energy efficiency policies in EU Member States

Supported by*


2/202 Good prac ti ce ways out of ene rg y debt

Imprint

Brochure presented by the Energy-Efciency-Watch projectCoordinated by

EUFORES a.i.s.b.l.European Forum or Renewable Energy SourcesRenewable Energy HouseRue dArlon 63 65B-1040 Brussels, BelgiumDr. Jan GeissLucia Bezkov

Based on the screening and in-depth analysis oNational Energy Efciency Action Plans (NEEAPs)

and on energy efciency expert surveys and interviews

Wuppertal Institute GmbHDr. Ral SchleThomas MadryVera AydinJonas FischerJan KaseloskyThorsten KoskaCarolin Scher-SparenbergLena Tholen

Ecofys Germany GmbH

Daniel BeckerNikolas BaderDoris Johnsen

With contributions byChristiane Egger (O.. Energiesparverband)Reinhold Priewasser (University o Linz)Michaela Kloiber (University o Linz)Lucia Bezkov (EUFORES)Nils Borg (eceee)Dominique Bourges (FEDARENE)Peter Schilken (Energy Cities)

Brussels, Wuppertal, Cologne, Berlin, Linz, February 2013

*The sole responsibility or the content o this brochurelies with the authors. It does not necessarily reect theopinion o the European Union. Neither the EACI nor theEuropean Commission are responsible or any use thatmay be made o the inormation contained therein.

Graphics: www.digitale-gestaltung.de

Source page 1: creativ collection/ccvision


3/203Good practice ways out of energy debt

Foreword

Many Europeans have not yet recognized to a full extentthe importance of energy efciency.However, together with renewable energy, energy efciencyaddresses three key policy topics at once: climate protec-tion, energy security and technology leadership opportuni-ties or European industry.

Knowledge, innovation and sustainability are core elementso the European strategy or the 21st century. In this respect,the EU is determined to build a resource-efcient Europewith the increased use o renewable energy sources, a mod-ernized transport sector, energy-efcient buildings andproducts, and green technologies.

In the document Europe 2020: A European Strategy orSmart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, the EuropeanCommission has assigned an explicit role to a sustainableenergy sector. The Commission estimates that reaching the20% target or renewable energy by 2020 would create ap-proximately 600,000 new jobs and together with the 20%target on energy efciency over 1 million new jobs.

The Energy-Efciency-Watch project was set up in order tosupport the implementation process o the Energy Services Di-rective which required EU Member States to present NationalEnergy Efciency Action Plans. This was a frst step towards co-

herent energy efciency policy packages in EU Member States.However, the Energy Services Directive itsel had some obviousstructural aws such as the absence o a common methodol-ogy or calculation or a reporting template, and the lack o anambitious energy savings target. Thereore, a new directive the Energy Efciency Directive was adopted in 2012, whichcommits Member States to binding measures.

The Energy-Efciency-Watch project ollowed the imple-mentation o the frst two action plans issued by EU Mem-ber States and collected valuable market eedback on theimplementation o energy efciency policies via surveysand bottom-up analysis.

Now we should study the lessons learnt rom the implemen-tation o the Energy Services Directive and apply them in theimplementation o the new Energy Efciency Directive.

Claude Turmes

EUFORES PresidentMember o the European

Parliament

Fiona Hall

EUFORES Vice-President

Member o the European

Parliament

Anni Podimata

EUFORES Vice-President

Vice-President o the Euro-

pean Parliament


4/204 Good practice ways out o energy debt

The Energy-Efciency-Watch Project

The project Energy-Efciency-Watch (EEW), active rom Sep-

tember 2010 to August 2013, aims to acilitate the imple-mentation o the Energy Services Directive and the EnergyEfciency Directive. There are three main elements o theproject:

Activation and consultation o core networks (nationaland European Parliamentarians, civil servants, regionaland local networks, mayors, experts, associations, indus-try etc.),Building up knowledge via surveys, questionnaires andpolicy screening,Dissemination activities (i.e. briefngs, conerences, bro-chures).

Several organizations rom dierent backgrounds network-ing organisations (EUFORES, eceee, Fedarene, Energy Cities),applied research institutions (Wuppertal Institute, Ecoys)and policy implementers (Upper Austrian Energy Agency) are working together to urther these goals. The main pillarso the project are an assessment o the second National Ener-gy Efciency Action Plans (delivered in 2011), an expert surveyand in-depth interviews with experts rom every EU MemberState. The objectives o these undertakings are to highlightstrengths and weaknesses in the current national energy e-fciency policies, to identiy policy and implementation gapsand to uncover opportunities or urther action.

Further inormation on the project and its objectives, as wellas on all actors involved in the project, can be ound on theEEW website (www.energy-efciency-watch.org) .

This brochure presents the results o the two main activities

o the EEW project:

Screening o National Energy Efciency Action Plans (NEEAPs)

Experts rom Ecoys and the Wuppertal Institute ana-lyzed the member states overall governance rameworkor energy efciency and their policies or the dierentsectors (public, transport, buildings, appliances, industryand tertiary sectors)The quality o national policy packages was assessedagainst an optimal policy package based on sectoralbest practices

Energy-Efciency-Watch expert survey:

Quantitative survey during the year 2011 (655 completedquestionnaires)In-depth interviews conducted between April and Sep-tember 2012 with at least 3 experts per Member State


5/205Good practice ways out o energy debt

Energy Efciency:Addressing Many Challenges At Once

Energy efciency constitutes a great opportunity o address-

ing many o the main European challenges o the 21st centuryat once. Energy efciency is a means

to mitigate climate changeto enable a secure energy supply without relying on im-ports o ossil uelsto keep energy costs or private households and enter-prises at bayto become a technology supplier to the whole world,when efciency technologies are exported.

Technological options and behavioral change allow or asubstantial reduction o primary and fnal energy demand by

2020. Fraunhoer ISI calculates that compared to baselinescenarios 67 percent o primary energy demand can be re-duced by 2050.

ISI also estimates that 92 percent o the saving potentialis cost-efcient, i.e. considering the lie-cycle costs, almostevery energy-efcient option saves more than it costs. Basedon this studys fndings the fnancial value o the total pos-sible savings in 2050 amounts to more than 500 billion E ascalculated in 2005.

Sectoral Energy Saving potentials due to energy effici-

ency; Source: Fraunhofer-ISI (2012)Contribution of Energy Efficiency Measures to ClimateProtection within the European Union until 2050

Source: PhotoDisc


6/206

In 2012, the Energy Efciency Directive (EED, 2012/27/EU) was ad-

opted by the European Parliament and the Council. As an amend-ment o the Directive on Energy End-Use Efciency and EnergyServices (ESD, 2006/32/EC), which became eective in May 2006,the EED represents a step towards urther regulation and coordi-nation o Member States activities in energy efciency. The EEDsets legally binding measures and thereby defnes specifc provi-sions or the various energy consuming sectors. The EED inter aliarequires member states

to establish a long-term strategy or the renovation othe building stockto retroft 3 percent o the total oor area o all centralgovernment-owned public buildings annually rom 2014

onwardsto implement provisions or green procurementto institute an energy efciency obligation schemeto increase the use o smart meters.

The ESD demanded member states to set up National Energy E-fciency Action Plans (NEEAP), in which to report implemented en-ergy efciency policies and their estimated eects.Member states had to deliver their second NEEAP by June 2011. TheEnergy-Efciency-Watch-project was concerned with an analysiso their content. While the EED is certainly a step orward, theresults o the Energy-Efciency-Watch project show that the cur-rently implemented policies are ar rom sufcient.

Even i the EED is successully implemented as intended, there is

a risk that the European Union will not attain its energy efciencytarget in 2020. It cannot even be taken or granted that the EED isimplemented to the ull extent, since the analysis o the NEEAPsand the accompanying survey revealed that an implementationgap can oten be ound. This reiterates that a change o mindset isneeded: Energy efciency is too oten seen as a burden, not as theopportunity it is. This perception leads to little eort on the sideo the policy makers and many blanks in energy efciency policyremain to be flled in.The measures implemented oten stay shy o their true potential.However, to end on a positive note: This also means that many op-portunities still exist or energy efciency policy, urthermore, theNEEAPs exhibit many promising approaches.

Energy Efciency:The Road Less Travelled

Source: Rainer Sturm / pixelio.de

Good practice ways out of energy debt


7/20

Policy Packages forFinal Energy Consumers

Informatione.g. Inormation

Campaigns, Labelling,Certifcates, Auditing

Funding and FinancingSubsidies or Building

Retroftting,Investments in

Efcient Technologies

Advice and Consultancye.g. Intitial Advice or

Buildings

Policy Packages forSuppliers of Energy Services

and Measures

Regulatione.g. Energy Standards

or Buildings andAppliances

Education andQuality Assurance

Networks andVoluntary

Agreements

Market-basedInstruments and Services

(e.g. EnergyPerormanceContracting)

Frameworks for Securing Fundingand Implementation

Infrastructure(Funds, Obligation

Schemes)

Institutional Measurese.g. Energy Agencies

7

Energy Efciency:Designing Sectoral Policy Packages

A large share o energy efciency potentials are economical. Yet,

barriers to energy efciency hinder their realization. Among themain barriers are:

A lack o motivation and inormation access (getting in-ormation on the most energy-efcient solutions is cost-ly and energy efciency is only one actor when makingpurchasing decisions)Financial restrictions (capital or investments in energyefciency may be scarce or costly or some investors)Split incentives (the benefciary o an investment in ener-gy efciency is at times not the one who has to pay or it)Risk aversion (payback periods or investments in energyefciency are at times lengthy and thereore subject to

great uncertainty on the side o possible investors)

Research has shown that energy efciency policy is most eectivewhen various types o policy instruments are combined in com-prehensive sectoral policy packages.For instance, in the buildings sector fnal consumers and multipli-ers, private households and institutional investors should be ad-dressed by such packages.

The fgure above shows the elements o such policy packages,

which have to work together in order to address all the bar-riers mentioned. Two complementary policy packages can bedistinguished:

I. Policy packages or fnal energy consumers aiming to in-orm consumers about opportunities or energy efcien-cy, to give advice to them, to provide fnancial supportand to set regulatory standards

II. Policy packages targeting the supply side e.g. by edu-cating engineers, architects and cratsman, by introduc-ing market-based instruments like a white certifcatescheme, by setting ramework conditions or energy ser-vices, by securing unding and by acilitating networking

These measures are to be supplemented by institutions co-ordinating policies and promoting energy efciency (e.g. en-ergy agencies).Both this brochure and 27 country reports also producedwithin EEW give many hints on how to design good mea-sures. Policymakers can now use our assessment o theirrespective member states energy efciency policy and fndinspiration on how to improve their countrys policy packageby adding or redesigning measures.

Design elements o an optimal policy package



8/20

Results from the expert survey:

When asked to assess the overall ambition o the di-erent member states in improving national energyefciency policy, results vary signifcantly.The ollowing three Member States are deemed themost ambitious: Denmark, Luxembourg and Finland.Irrespective o the baseline, experts were also askedwhich countries made the greatest progress in thelast three years. Experts named Estonia, Finlandand Malta.

In order to attain its ambitious energy efciency goals,Denmark has set up several overarching measures. TheDanish Energy Agency is the main actor co-ordinatingand implementing Danish energy efciency policy andthereore is endowed with signifcant competencies.Energy companies in Denmark have to contribute theirshare to the attainment o the energy efciency goals,which is ensured by an energy saving obligation. Addi-tionally, the energy saving trust, Center for Energibes-parelser, provides state unding or energy efciency in

private households, the public sector and enterprises.These measures are supplemented, or example, by taxhikes on ossil energy sources.

8

Good practice example: Denmark

Energy Efciency:Overarching Governance FrameworkSectoral policies have to be embedded into an overarching

governance ramework, which helps to ampliy their im-pact. An ideal overarching governance ramework consistso the ollowing elements:

Energy agencies, which have the task o initiating and co-ordinating activities and measures as well as working asan intermediary.Energy efciency obligations or white certifcateschemes, which impose an obligation to meet a certainenergy saving target on energy utilities.Energy efciency trusts or unds, which supply fnancialsupport necessary or investments in energy efciency.Favourable ramework conditions or energy services.

Energy services acilitate investments in energy efciencysince up-ront investment costs are borne by a third-partyand repaid with the fnancial value o energy savings.A participatory process, which helps to take the positiono stakeholders into account.

Source: Katharina Wieland Mller / pixelio.de



9/209

Good practice example: France

With respect to the design o an overarching governanceramework, France can be called a good practice example.A long-term strategy has been developed in co-operationwith societal actors like NGOs, employers and unions, aswell as municipalities.This ensures widespread acceptance o the goals. TheFrench national energy agency ADEME has an importantrole in co-ordinating and acilitating measures to improveenergy efciency.France has implemented an Energy Efciency Certicate(EEC) mechanism in 2005. This mechanism obliges energy

utilities to achieve energy savings. The use o energy per-ormance contracts is encouraged. Under an energy per-ormance contract an energy service company is requiredto bring about energy savings and is paid with their fnan-cial value in return.These policies are supplemented by horizontal measures,like the unding o research & development o new energytechnologies. Additional to a top-down calculation o en-ergy savings, the French government has developed a toolto estimate the energy savings due to individual measuresbottom-up.

Energy Efciency:Overarching Governance Framework

Good practice example: Bulgaria

Bulgarian energy efciency policy is a good practice exam-ple among the Central and Eastern European countries. Bul-garia has adopted an energy strategy with the goal o halv-ing its primary energy intensity compared to 2005 by 2020.Bulgaria has developed a national energy efciency strate-gy, which sets more ambitious energy saving targets thanthose required by the European Union. Various stakehold-ers are involved in the Bulgarian energy efciency policy.For instance, municipalities take part in the national ret-roftting programme or tower blocks.In Bulgaria both energy agencies working at the national

and local levels exist. An energy efciency und has beenset up to acilitate investments in energy efciency. Sup-portive ramework conditions or energy services (e.g.defnition o a method or the calculation o energy sav-ings, defnition o the maximum payback period) havebeen established and fnancial hedging is provided by aguarantee und.Among the horizontal measures employed by the Bulgar-ian government are voluntary agreements with industrialcompanies. For monitoring purposes, Bulgaria utilizes bothtop-down and bottom-up methods.

Coordination/Funding

Horizontalmeas

ures

Energyagencies

Energyservices

Crucial pillars o anoptimal overarchinggovernance ramework

Policy roadmapLong term (2050) goals and strategy



10/2010

The public sector is an important actor in energy efciency

policy not only because o its own energy consumption, buteven more so because o its unction as a role model.The public sector is addressed in the EED by provisions or therenovation o public buildings and or green public procure-ment.

Good practice example: Public buildings

Finland can be considered a good practice example orenergy efciency policy addressing public buildings.Among Finlands measures is the Local government

energy efciency agreement in which signatory mu-nicipalities are eligible or fnancial support o energyaudits and energy-saving investments. The Finnishpolicy package also includes strict minimum energyperormance standards or retroftted or newly builtbuildings owned by the central government.

Source: Schmuttel / pixelio.de

Energy Efciency: Public Sector


In most EU Member States the public sector is notconsidered to be the sector with the most importantpolicy gaps. Obviously, many experts have predomi-nantly recognised an improvement in this sector intheir Member State. Only 15 percent o experts romall 27 Member States identifed the public sector asthe sector with the most important policy gaps.The public sector is deemed to be the sector with themost important policy gaps in these countries:Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Poland.

The Dutch government has set various measures inplace to ensure that public procurement decisions aremade in consideration o sustainability criteria, whichhave been defned or more than 45 product groups.Sustainable public procurement is ostered and sup-ported by the Public Procurement Expertise Center,PIANOo. PIANOo publishes helpul inormation and a-cilitates networking. By the year 2015 every governmentagency and public body shall adhere to sustainable pur-

chasing criteria. The Dutch government estimates theenergy saving potential due to sustainable public pro-curement to be above 50 TWh.

Good practice example: Green public procurement



11/2011

Energy Efciency: Buildings Sector

Since buildings account or more than 40 percent o the to-

tal energy consumption o the European Union, energy ef-ciency in the buildings sector is a crucial stepping stone onthe way to an energy-efcient Europe. The Directive on theenergy perormance o buildings was recast in 2010, nowdefning ambitious minimum standards or newly built andretroftted buildings. Still, policies implemented by MemberStates vary with respect to ambition and efcacy. Yet, goodpractice examples display options or improvement.

Source: Siegried Springer / pixelio.de

Good practice example: Policy mix

Germany can be regarded as a good practice exampleor a well-balanced policy package in the buildings sec-tor. Among others, the package includes the defnitiono regularly tightened minimum energy perormancestandards or newly built and retroftted buildings byederal law. Energy-efciency is additionally encouragedby provisions to use renewable energy or heating. Fi-nancial support via grants and sot loans is available orthe construction o buildings outperorming standards.Energy audits are sponsored as well. While provisions orenergy perormance certifcates are in place, these couldbe strengthened.


Regarding the most important policy gaps in a sec-tor, the residential sector was the second-most iden-tifed by experts.The residential sector is considered the sectorwith the most important policy gaps in Cyprus,France, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia andSweden.

Good practice example:Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS)

Energy efciency o buildings has been a priority in Danishenergy policy or many years. Denmark can be deemed agood-practice example when it comes to the defnition oMEPS. MEPS are regularly tightened and uture standardsare defned many years in advance. Minimum standards aresupplemented by stricter, voluntary standards.Denmark has also been an early adopter with regards tothe Energy Perormance Certifcation.



12/2012

Energy Efciency: Buildings Sector

Good practice example: Estonia

With respect to energy efciency policy or the buildingssector, Estonia can be considered a top-tier Eastern andCentral European country. Minimum energy perormancestandards or new buildings and in case o major renova-tions have been in place since 2008 and are to become sub-sequently stricter. Energy perormance certifcates have tobe issued or buildings, which are to be sold or rented. Tohelp und deep renovations Estonia has established a sotloan programme. Subsidies or the renovation o apart-ment buildings are available and may amount up to 35percent o project costs. The interest paid or loans to und

renovations can be deducted rom taxable incomes. Theexecution o energy audits is fnancially supported as well.Many measures to educate and train relevant proession-als are planned. Target groups o these measures are ar-chitects, civil engineers and construction workers. Amongthe research and development projects implemented orplanned in Estonia is the construction o several publicbuildings in accordance with the standards or low-energybuildings.

Good practice example: United Kingdom

The UK government recognizes the importance o tap-ping the energy potentials in the existing housing stockas well as in newly built buildings. Minimum energy per-ormance standards are in place in the UK. New residen-tial buildings have to attain a zero carbon standard rom2016 onwards. Financial support or energy efciencyimprovements is made available. One distinctive eatureo the British policy package is the special considerationgiven to uel poverty. For households spending more than10 percent o their income on heating, the Warm Frontscheme unds energy efciency measures like more ef-

cient heating systems, new insulation and draught proo-ing. The UK government considers the newly establishedmarket ramework Green Deal to be o high importanceor realizing energy savings in the buildings sector. Un-der this ramework energy service companies will be ableto oer energy efciency improvements to homeowners,which do not cause any up-ront investment costs to con-sumers but will instead be repaid with the fnancial valueo energy savings.

Information toolsDemonstration

projects

Economic incentives(e.g. tax breaks) Education and trainingfor professionals

Other regulatory

measures (e.g. smartspatial planning)

Funding instruments(e.g. soft loans,

subsidies)

Energy PerformanceCerticates

Energy advice andaudits

Minimum energyperformance standardsand their enforcement

Building blocks o a comprehensive policy package or the buildings sector



13/2013

Energy Efciency: Appliances

Energy-efcient appliances are an important means to attain

the energy-efciency targets o the European Union. The EUhas passed two important directives to ensure that appliancesare becoming increasingly energy-efcient.The Ecodesign Directive introduces the legal basis or manda-tory minimum standards or energy-using and energy-relatedproducts.The Energy Labelling-Directive, which demands a labelling oenergy-related products marking their efciency, has been re-cast in 2010. Still, the NEEAP assessment shows that nationalpolicies or this sector still have to be markedly improved.

Source: Maggy W. / pixelio.de


A majority o experts demand more and more deter-mined action with regards to appliances especiallyby the European Union.87 percent o experts demand stricter minimumstandards or appliances.83 percent o experts support an expansion o man-datory labeling.

Good practice example: Energy Labelling:

The Netherlands have implemented additional measuresto strengthen the impact o the European Energy Labelling-Directive and can thereore be considered a good-practiceexample. Among these additional measures is the websiteEnergieWeter.nl, which inorms consumers about the lie-cycle costs o dierent appliances and thereby encouragesthem to buy the more energy-efcient product. MilieuCen-traal is an independent organization working to dissemi-nate knowledge on energy-efcient appliances. They hosta website which provides lists o dierent appliances andtheir labels. MilieuCentraal has also set up a consumer help

desk to which customers can turn with their questions re-garding energy efciency and renewable energies.

Good practice example: Klima:aktiv:

With Klima:aktiv, Austria has implemented a pro-gramme which aims to provide incentives or the sup-ply and demand o energy-efcient appliances. Withinthis programme various campaigns (e.g. an AustrianClimate Protection Award) are organized. Additionally,Klima:aktiv hosts an online tool and carries out aware-ness-rising projects with students. The activities oKlima:aktiv are supplemented by the website top-produkte.at, which inorms consumers about the mostenergy-efcient appliances.



14/2014 Good practice ways out of energy debt

The industrial sector is mainly targeted by the Emission Trad-

ing System. Yet, due to the fnancial crisis, its eects with re-spect to incentivizing investments in energy efciency havebeen limited. Additional national policies to stimulate invest-ments in energy efciency are thereore needed. The require-ment or companies to remain competitive causes reluctanceagainst mandatory measures, which makes their policy de-sign challenging. Policies in place today have to be regardedas insufcient. However, good-practice examples can show away orward.

Good practice example:

Carbon Reduction Commitment

The United Kingdom has established a mandatoryemission trading scheme or companies with an elec-tricity consumption o more than 6,000 MWh per yearthat are not subject to the European Emission TradingSystem. This scheme is called Carbon Reduction Com-mitment (CRC). The Carbon Reduction Commitmentis supposed to incentivize investments in energy e-fciency by providing fnancial drivers, which orce thecompanies to evaluate their energy consumption andexamine options or lowering energy demand. Sincethe CRC has been introduced as recently as 2010, its im-

pact is still subject to scrutiny.

Source: PhotoDisc


Few experts consider the industrial and tertiary sec-tor to be the sector with the most important policygaps.The industry and tertiary sector is deemed the sectorwith the most important policy gaps in these coun-tries:Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands,and Romania.

Energy Efciency:Industry and Tertiary Sector

Good practice example: PFE

Sweden has introduced the Programme for improvingenergy efciency in energy-intensive industry (PFE) tospur investments in energy efciency. Companies canconclude voluntary contracts with the Swedish EnergyAgency. I they meet the requirements they receive anexemption rom the energy tax. Companies undertakeindividual measures such as the introduction o an en-ergy management system, the consideration o energyefciency in their investment and purchasing decisions

and demand management.



Energy Efciency: Transport Sector

The transport sector accounts or 20 percent o the Europe-

an greenhouse gas emissions. Despite its high contributionto total GHG emissions, policies to support energy-efcienttransport stay underdeveloped. Currently European directivesmainly concern private transport. Nonetheless, energy-ef-cient reight transport remains underemphasized. An idealpolicy package or the transport sector would be designed ac-cording to the Avoid travel-Shit mode o transport-Improveuel efciency (ASI) approach. However, todays policies aremainly one-sided in trying to bring about more uel-efcientand less carbon-intensive vehicles. Few policy packages canbe considered good practice in the sense that they are tryingto implement a complete ASI-approach.The instruments available to make transport more energy-e-

fcient are maniold. Planning instruments can be employedto avoid travel. For instance, smart spatial planning can helpto reduce travel demand. Regulatory instruments can be uti-lized to both avoid travel and improve uel efciency. Generalspeed limits and provisions or the public procurement ocars also belong to this class. Economic incentives and inor-mation are urther ways to implement an ASI-approach.

Source: Rainer Sturm / pixelio.de


The transport sector is considered to be the sectorwith the most important policy gaps across the EU.The transport sector is deemed the sector with themost important policy gaps in:AT, BE, BG, DK, FI, DE, HU, IE, LU, MT, NL, PT, RO, SI, ES,SE, GB.

Good practice example: Changing travel behavior

The United Kingdom is undertaking various measures tohelp people make more sustainable choices when it comesto choosing the mode o transport. Among these is the Lo-cal Sustainable Transport Fund, which provides 560 mil-lion to help local authorities bring about more sustainabletransportation. All local transport authorities are eligibleto apply or unding. Packages o dierent measures areexpected to be developed in close cooperation with mu-nicipalities and local stakeholders. An expert panel and thedepartment or transport will assess the bids. Concrete ac-

tions supported by the Local Sustainable Transport Fundmay promote walking and cycling, induce modal shit, en-able better trafc management or a combination thereo.



Good practice example: Public transportationThe Slovenian government is undertaking various ac-tivities to improve the competitiveness o public trans-port. One especially innovative approach is providingincentives or transport authorities to maximize pas-senger kilometers. This is achieved by making subsidiesdependent on the number o passenger kilometersand not on the number o vehicle kilometers travelled.Other measures to induce a modal shit towards publictransportation are the coordination o timetables, animprovement o accessibility, requency, punctualityand average speed as well as establishing intermodal

terminals and raising parking ees. Slovenia also sub-sidizes the purchase o less carbon-intensive vehicles,like buses running on compressed natural gas. The useo public transportation or commuting is incentivizedby subsidizing tickets or employees.

Finland has implemented a policy package or thetransport sector, which utilizes the complete set o in-struments to achieve energy efciency in the transportsector. One overarching goal o the policy package is theinduction o a modal shit by making public transport,cycling and walking more attractive. Finland also makesuse o regulatory measures. Among these is the intro-duction o a general speed limit and mandatory tyre-pressure checks twice a year. In Finland, vehicle tax ratesare dependent on the cars emissions. The expansion opublic transport systems is fnancially supported e.g.

by unding the construction o right-o-way lanes orbuses and subsidizing tickets. Various measures aim togive guidance through inormation. Among these is theinclusion o energy-efcient driving in the curricula othe drivers education.

Good practice example: Policy package

Energy Efciency: Transport Sector

Mobility managementoers (or business, localauthorities etc.)

Mobility advice ortransport users

Inormation and imagecampaigns or sustainabletransport

Vehicle labelling (with A toG scale)

Mobility education inschools, companies etc.

Fuel economystandards/vehicle CO2-emission standards

Speed restrictions Fuel quality standards Less-Emission-Zones/

driving restriction areas Parking supply

restrictions or privatecars

Funding o public or privateR&D or sustainabletransport:

Fuels Vehicles Modes etc.

Reorm o vehicletaxation: CO2-relatedregistration tax

CO2-related uel tax Subsidising public

transport Abolition o commuter

allowances Financial incentives to

promote alternative uelsand technologies

Smart spatial planning Improvements o bicycle

and pedestrian inrastructure Improvements o public

transport inrastructure Trafc calming Management system

(controlling, inormation,car-park routing)

R&D support

Information, advice, educationRegulatory instruments

Economic incentivesPlanning instruments

Elements o an ideal policypackage or the transportsector



Energy Efciency: The Road Ahead

The European Unions main energy efciency-directives have

been recast and strengthened with respect to their ambition.Especially the Energy Efciency Directive (2012/27/EU), theEnergy Perormance o Buildings Directive (2010/31/EU), theDirective on energy labels (2010/30/EU) and the Directive onecodesign (2009/125/EC) have to be named here. ImportantEuropean Union laws passed in the meantime are the Regula-tion on the labeling o tyres (1222/2009) and the Directive onthe Promotion o Clean and Energy Efcient Road TransportVehicles (2009/33/EC).While this is defnitely progress, the assessment o the NEE-APs and the expert survey reveal that national policies dierboth with respect to ambition and adequacy, which is unor-tunate especially given the opportunities energy efciency

constitutes. The transpositions o European directives andregulations into national law vary strongly with respect to e-fcacy and quality. A higher degree o harmonization and inte-gration could improve the overall picture o European energyefciency policy.What is ound today can be explained by the heterogeneouspositions Member States take with respect to energy e-fciency. Some are actively trying to seize the opportunitiesthat come with energy efciency, while others still regardmandatory measures to improve energy efciency a burdento customers and businesses and thereore think these haveto be avoided.

Source: Hartmuth Bendig / pixelio.de

A more ambitious and determined approach is needed to at-

tain the target o additional energy savings o at least 1 per-cent annually compared to autonomous energy efciencyimprovements. Even more so, a target o 2 percent o addi-tional energy savings annually would still be cost-eective.What is crucial now are administrations and policy-makerswho recognize the necessity o more and better measuresto advance energy efciency. Ideas or good practices can beound in this brochure, 27 country reports and the NationalEnergy Efciency Action Plans. Reasons or perseverance canbe ound in the ollowing acts:

Energy efciency helps to mitigate climate changeEnergy efciency enables secure energy supply to your

constituents without relying on oreign exportsEnergy efciency will reduce energy costs to your con-stituentsImproving energy efciency means developing technolo-gies or the uture



EUFORES European Forum for Renewable Energy SourcesCoordinator of the Energy-Efciency-Watch project

Who is EUFORES and what do we want?

EUFORESis a European cross-party parliamentary network with Memberso the European Parliament and the EU27 national Parliaments.

is supported by a wide range o non-parliamentary members.

was ounded in 1995 as an independent, non-proft organization and is a leading promoter orenewable energy and energy efciency.

aims to support the development o both felds in the European Union and to transorm bestpractices into coherent policies.

recognizes the importance o linking renewable energy and energy efciency as key solutions

or a sustainable development.seeks the exchange o inormation between European

What does EUFORES do?EUFORES

enlarges its comprehensive cross-party parliamentary network, connecting members o theEuropean and EU27 national parliaments working on sustainable energy issues.

integrates key actors rom science, industry and civil society into its network, creating newchannels o communication.

organizes a variety o events (e.g. Inter-Parliamentary Meetings, parliamentary workshops, MEPbreakasts, advisory committee meetings) oering opportunities to exchange views.

provides political and scientifc advice, disseminating most relevant inormation.

acilitates the exchange o views on EU legislation, supporting legislative proposals and initia-tives.

manages a diversity o projects, supporting the national implementation o EU legislation.

For more information please visit: www.eufores.org

European Parliamentarians for a Sustainable Energy Future



Source: European Parliament

The electronic version o this brochure can be oundon the Energy-Efciency-Watch website:

www.energy-efciency-watch.org


20/20

Gold project sponsors Silver project sponsors

Contact:

EUFORES a.i.s.b.l.European Forum for Renewable Energy SourcesDr. Jan GeissRenewable Energy HouseRue dArlon 63 65B-1040 Brussels, BelgiumTel.: +32 (0) 25 46 19 48

Fax: +32 (0) 25 46 19 [email protected]

http://www.energy-efciency-watch.org

Wuppertal InstituteDr. Ralf [email protected]

Key publications

Survey report: Progress in energy efciency policies in the EU Member States

the experts perspective27 country reportsFinal report containing all fndings o Energy Efciency Watch

available on the Energy-Efciency-Watch website:www.energy-efciency-watch.org

good practice way out of energy debt brochure

Documents