gp17 in the context of the global survey€¦ · cruise (s) nov 2021 – feb 2022 fill-gap...
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GP17inthecontextoftheglobalsurvey
GP17
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SeaWiFS-AnnualMeanChlorophyll
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=4097
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GP17-LowestmodeldustfluxintheSouthernOcean
AresurfaceFeconcentrationscorrelatedwithmodern(model)dustflux?TestbycomparingGP17withothersections(pink).DustmodelofAlbani,Mahowaldetal.,2014
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MotivationfortheGP17Section1) Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre
Low dust, productivity, particles – impact on scavenging? Record deep DCM – impact on colloid cycling?
2) Southern Ocean regulation of global biological pump efficiency Upwelling hot spots – source of Fe? Dust vs. upwelling sources of micronutrients SE Pacific low biomass – control by Fe, MLD, other?
3) Dispersal of continental sources of micronutrients Basal melt Subglacial meltwater runoff Extent of signal
4) Outflow of Fe carried by Pacific Deep Water Large Fe sources from margins and ridges How much reaches Southern Ocean? Stabilization of Fe (and other TEIs) by ligands
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P16FeandNitrate
Fe and N have similar distributions in the north, dissimilar in the south. Causes & consequences for ecosystems? Complements of Chris Measures & Mariko Hatta
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P16FeandAl
SPSG: High Al coincides with low Fe – ultra-low scavenging intensity? Complements of Chris Measures & Mariko Hatta
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P16FeandAl
Low Al in the Southern Ocean – diatom scavenging? Complements of Chris Measures & Mariko Hatta
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GP17TentativeCruiseTrack
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NBP1702 with Orsi climatological fronts
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TempandSalinity
UCDW
SAF?
AlittletrickytosaywhatthenorthwardextentofthesubsurfaceTminimumis–seemstogomuchfurthernorththanwhatyou’dusuallycalltheAPF
DatafromRebeccaRobinson&MarkBrzezinski
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UCDWLCDW?
ObviousO2minimumassociatedwithUCDW
Oxygen
DatafromRebeccaRobinson&MarkBrzezinski
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dSiandbSi
ConsistencybetweenSiOH4drawdownat61-63ºSwithhighestbSivaluesthere–regionofmostintensediatomproductivity.HighSiOH4southof63S(incompleteutilizationofnutrientssuppliedbydeepwintermixing?),lowSiOH4inwaterscarriednorthof~61SbyEkmantransport
DatafromRebeccaRobinson&MarkBrzezinski
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PicturefromSi*isthesame–surfaceSi*valuesarelowestat62S,higherbutstillnegativeat63S,andpositiveat64S.
Note500mdepthscale
DatafromRebeccaRobinson&MarkBrzezinski
Si*=[Si]–[NO3]
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PicturefromSi*isthesame–surfaceSi*valuesarelowestat62S,higherbutstillnegativeat63S,andpositiveat64S.
Note500mdepthscale
DatafromRebeccaRobinson&MarkBrzezinski
Si*=[Si]–[NO3]
Entire SH nutrient source has negative Si* because of processes occurring here
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WhatisthesourceofdFetosupportthisdiatomgrowth?
DatafromRebeccaRobinson&MarkBrzezinski
Si*=[Si]–[NO3]
Entire SH nutrient source has negative Si* because of processes occurring here
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NutrientdataisconsistentwithlocationsofmostintenseParemovalanddecouplingalongneutraldensitysurfaces.
LowestsurfacePafrom63S-61S
Strongestisopycnal231Pagradientsat/belowyn=27.6openupbetweenstation7(62S)andstation5(63S)
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NutrientdataisconsistentwithlocationsofmostintenseParemovalanddecouplingalongneutraldensitysurfaces.
LowestsurfacePafrom63S-61S
Strongestisopycnal231Pagradientsat/belowyn=27.6openupbetweenstation7(62S)andstation5(63S)
WhatotherTEIsarescavengedbyopalaswell?Al?
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Samplingresolution
Standard GEOTRACES sampling at 5° resolution could miss the zone of maximum diatom productivity Higher resolution sampling is essential
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IronsourceandimplicationsSouthoftheAPF
JGOFS Hypothesis: FescarcitylimitsdSiutilizationsouthoftheSBACCImplications:
dFeinupwelledUCDWissufficientforcompletedSiconsumptiondFeismuchlowerinLCDWupwelledfurthersouthQuestion:Ifso,ishigherdFeinUCDWhydrothermal?
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IronsourceandimplicationsNorthoftheAPF
Fe Recycling Hypothesis:
Landing:AerosolsourceofFeissufficientforPPintheNPacificAerosolFeisinsufficientforPPintheSPacific (P6TEIdata+Satellite-basedmodels)H1:LateralsourceofbioavailabledFeH2:PlanktonrecycleFemoreefficientlyintheSPacific(Rafter
hypothesis) InvokedbySchlosseretal.forSAtlantic Testableusingsiderophoremeasurements(ReneBoiteau/
DanRepeta) ParticlesintheSPSGwithultralowdustfluxesshouldhave
highFe/TiratiosifthereisasourceofdFefromupwellingorfromlateraltransportbycurrents.
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Nfixation:ControlsandConsequencesGP15 + GP17 will sample:
3regimesw/oNfixation(SNP,EqPac,SoOcean)2regimeswithNfixation(NPSG,SPSG)
Wangetal.,Nature,2019(w/News&ViewsbyGruber) offerpredictions(hypotheses)aboutglobalNfixation testablewithGEOTRACESdataonGP15+GP17
DodissolvedandparticulateTEIdata(includingNisotopes) supporttheseparadigms? WhatroledoesFeplay?
ComparewithNAtlantic(GA03)totesthypothesisthat lowPlimitsNfixationintheNAtlantic (needsGEOTRACESnanonutrients)
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SoOceanprocessessetend-memberwatermassmicronutrientcomposition
Biological uptake:
ForCd,Zn,others(?)ismuchgreaterintheSouthernOcean thanatlowerlatitudes.Why?
H1:ResponsetoFelimitationH2:dMeinupwelledwaterexceedsligandconcentration Highconcentrationsoffreeinorganicions “Luxury”uptakeoffreemetal
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SoOceanprocessessetend-memberwatermassmicronutrientcomposition
Regeneration:
ForCd,Zn,others(?)ismuchgreaterintheSouthernOcean thanatlowerlatitudes(becauseofhighuptake).
Highlatitudedataneededtosetend-memberMe/Pratios
EssentialforOMPAanalysistoderiveregeneratedTEIs atlowerlatitudes
Notonlymicronutrients e.g.,OMPAevidenceforsubstantialbenthicREEsource
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SoOceanprocessessetend-memberwatermassmicronutrientcomposition
Regeneration:
ForCd,Zn,others(?)ismuchFASTERintheSouthernOcean thanatlowerlatitudes(becauseofhighuptake).
But-Martinpowerlawabsolute“b”values(0.2–0.5)seemto
betoosmall(bothinSoOcandatlowlatitudes) BasedoninversemodelofRoshanetal.(2018)
TestableusingGEOTRACESdata Calculate“b”valuesforTEIsacrossgradientsin nutrients,productivityandecosystems
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SamplingoffChile
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PDWfluxtoSoOcean
concentratedalongeasternboundary
3Hedistributionandflowinthelayer27.98kgm−3<γn<28kgm−3
a) Observationsb) Posteriormean
Faure&Speer,2012SeealsoTamsittetal.2017,2018
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PDWfluxtoSoOcean
concentratedalongeasternboundary
HighresolutionsamplingneededapproachingChilemargin.
Faure&Speer,2012SeealsoTamsittetal.2017,2018
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GP17cruiseandproposaltimeline
Tentative timeline for discussion (working backwards) Cruise (s) Nov 2021 – Feb 2022 Fill-gap proposals Feb 2021 PI proposals Aug 2020 Management proposal Feb 2020 Iftwoshipsthenbacktobackorinsequentialyears?
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MotivationfortheGP17Section1) Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre
Low dust, productivity, particles – impact on scavenging? Record deep DCM – impact on colloid cycling?
2) Southern Ocean regulation of global biological pump efficiency Upwelling hot spots – source of Fe? Dust vs. upwelling sources of micronutrients SE Pacific low biomass – control by Fe, MLD, other?
3) Dispersal of continental sources of micronutrients Basal melt Subglacial meltwater runoff Extent of signal
4) Outflow of Fe carried by Pacific Deep Water Large Fe sources from margins and ridges How much reaches Southern Ocean? Stabilization of Fe (and other TEIs) by ligands
![Page 30: GP17 in the context of the global survey€¦ · Cruise (s) Nov 2021 – Feb 2022 Fill-gap proposals Feb 2021 PI proposals Aug 2020 Management proposal Feb 2020 If two ships then](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071500/611f0d4409c60247e14e37e0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
BIOSOPE–DeepChlorophyllMaximum
FromClaustreetal.,2008
Are colloidal TEIS removed from the DCM under extreme: 1) low dust input 2) Deep DCM?
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SPGLocalhydrothermalsignalunlikely
FromFrankiePavia,LDEO
German UltraPac section – 2015/2016 Geostrophic transport is eastward
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SPGLocalhydrothermalsignalunlikely
FromFrankiePavia,LDEO
Updated map δ3He at 2500 m
GP17
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MotivationfortheGP17Section1) Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre
Low dust, productivity, particles – impact on scavenging? Record deep DCM – impact on colloid cycling?
2) Southern Ocean regulation of global biological pump efficiency Upwelling hot spots – source of Fe? Dust vs. upwelling sources of micronutrients SE Pacific low biomass – control by Fe, MLD, other?
3) Dispersal of continental sources of micronutrients Basal melt Subglacial meltwater runoff Extent of signal
4) Outflow of Fe carried by Pacific Deep Water Large Fe sources from margins and ridges How much reaches Southern Ocean? Stabilization of Fe (and other TEIs) by ligands
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SEPacificLowChlorophyll–Why?
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=4097
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SEPacificLowChlorophyllrepresentedindifferent
NPPmodels
Winter(left)andsummer(right)NPPFromArteagaetal.,JGR-O,2018
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SEPacificLowChlorophyllrepresentedindifferent
NPPmodels
Winter(left)andsummer(right)NPPFromArteagaetal.,JGR-O,2018
Why?LowFesupply?Deepmixedlayers?
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SEPacific–DeepWinterMixedLayers
ButMLDinsummerseemsnottobeexceptional.Snapshotfrommonthlyanimationat:https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/mimoc/mimoc_gallery.html
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Eddy-drivenupwellinghot-spotsassociatedwithtopography
Locationswhereparticlesreleasedindeepwaterat30°Supwellacross200m.Upwellingisconcentratedin5regionsoftopographyGP17willsampleat2locationsdownstreamofPARhotspot–Fegradient?Tamsittetal.,2017
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MotivationfortheGP17Section1) Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre
Low dust, productivity, particles – impact on scavenging? Record deep DCM – impact on colloid cycling?
2) Southern Ocean regulation of global biological pump efficiency Upwelling hot spots – source of Fe? Dust vs. upwelling sources of micronutrients SE Pacific low biomass – control by Fe, MLD, other?
3) Dispersal of continental sources of micronutrients Basal melt Subglacial meltwater runoff Extent of signal
4) Outflow of Fe carried by Pacific Deep Water Large Fe sources from margins and ridges How much reaches Southern Ocean? Stabilization of Fe (and other TEIs) by ligands
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40
Highbiomassinsomeareassuggestbenthicsourceofironstimulatingphytoplanktongrowth
SeaWiFSImagespreparedforCROZEXProgramCourtesyofRaymondPollardSOC
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South-to-NorthsectionofdissolvedFenear90°W(inredonmap)fromdeBaaretal.(1999)
AmundsenseasummaryfromPeteSedwick
South North
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DissolvedFedatafromPineIslandPolynya(Gerringaetal.,2012)andGPpr03cruisereport
North-to-SouthDFesectionalongboxinmap
North-to-SouthDFesectionalongboxinmap DFeprofilesfromStn3(seemap)andStn160(inACCnear66°30’S,128°W)
AmundsenseasummaryfromPeteSedwick
SouthNorth
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DissolvedtracemetaldatafromAmundsenSeaPolynya(Sherrelletal.,2015)–Shelfsedimentandiceshelfmetalsources.
North-to-SouthDFesectionalongboxinmapDoesnotextendbeyondshelfbreak.
NS
AmundsenseasummaryfromPeteSedwick
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AmundsenSeaOden-2007
AmundsenSea–Oden,2007HighTMconcentrations(exceptMn)extendbeyondtheshelfbreak-Sherrellunpublished
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CLIVARSP4-2011
ChrisMeasures–unpublisheddata,figuresfromPosterat2012OSM
Circumpolar Section
150˚W Section 170˚W Section
Ross Sea
Antarctic Peninsula
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150˚W Section
Coastal inputs from the Antarctic continent
67˚S 76˚S
CLIVARSP4–2011150°WSection
ChrisMeasures–unpublished,Posterat2012OSM
N S
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CLIVARSP4–2011CircumpolarSection
ChrisMeasures–unpublished,Posterat2012OSM
Circumpolar Section
177˚E 73˚W
CoastalinputsofFeandMnfromAntarcticPeninsula
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East–WestgradientsinmacronutrientsMayalsoinfluencediatomproductivity
Nowotarski,Morton,Neeley,Hatta,Landing,Measures,Grand-PosterComplementsofPeteMorton
HighNO3andlowSiintheeast;UniformlylowFeexceptnearmargins
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MotivationfortheGP17Section1) Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre
Low dust, productivity, particles – impact on scavenging? Record deep DCM – impact on colloid cycling?
2) Southern Ocean regulation of global biological pump efficiency Upwelling hot spots – source of Fe? Dust vs. upwelling sources of micronutrients SE Pacific low biomass – control by Fe, MLD, other?
3) Dispersal of continental sources of micronutrients Basal melt Subglacial meltwater runoff Extent of signal
• TM from coastal sources extend off the shelf. • How far, and to what extent do they contribute micronutrients
to the broader Southern Ocean? • Provenance and rate tracers are needed.
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Challenges-UncertaintyaboutSeaIce
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MotivationfortheGP17Section1) Ultra-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre
Low dust, productivity, particles – impact on scavenging? Record deep DCM – impact on colloid cycling?
2) Southern Ocean regulation of global biological pump efficiency Upwelling hot spots – source of Fe? Dust vs. upwelling sources of micronutrients SE Pacific low biomass – control by Fe, MLD, other?
3) Dispersal of continental sources of micronutrients Basal melt Subglacial meltwater runoff Extent of signal
4) Outflow of Fe carried by Pacific Deep Water Large Fe sources from margins and ridges How much reaches Southern Ocean? Stabilization of Fe (and other TEIs) by ligands
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Can’trelyonmodelsforFesupplyfromdeepwatertoSoOceaneuphoticzone
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Upwellingtrajectorydependsonmodelresolution
Magenta=1°resolution;Yellow=0.1°ResolutionDrakeetal.,GRL,2018
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Upwellingtransittimeto300-misobathdependsonmodelresolution
LagrangiantimescalesofCDWupwellingdecreasefrom87yearsto31yearsto17yearsastheoceanresolutionisrefinedfrom1°to0.25∘to0.1°.Drakeetal.,GRL,2018;SimilarresultsinTamsittetal.,.2017:“Thetimescaleforhalfofthedeepwatertoupwellfrom30°Stothemixedlayeris~60–90years.”
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Upwellingtransittimeto300-misobathdependsonmodelresolution
LagrangiantimescalesofCDWupwellingdecreasefrom87yearsto31yearsto17yearsastheoceanresolutionisrefinedfrom1°to0.25∘to0.1°.ThetimescaleupwellingiscomparabletotheresidencetimeofdFeinthedeepocean.WithlargeuncertaintiesinbothtransittimesandresidencetimesoneneedsempiricalconstraintsonthesupplyofdFetotheSouthernOceaneuphoticzonebyupwelling.
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GP17PlausibleLogistics–requiresPalmer