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6/29/2015 IntegratingGPSDatawithArcView(GPSandGIS)Part2

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IntegratingGPSDatawithArcView(GPSandGIS)Part2

SeetheConvertedFileinArcView

{__}StartupArcView.Makethewindowoccupythefullextentofthescreen.Createanewview.UnderFileclickExtensions.Ifyourlistofavailableextensionsincludes3DAnalystand/orSpatialAnalystputchecksbesidethosenames.OKthewindow.

Figure68.Resultsofasuccessfulexportprocess.

{__}Preparetoaddathemefrom_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORTwhereyouputtheGPStrack.YoushouldseethenamePosnpnt.shpintheleftsideoftheAddThemewindow.

{_}AddthethemePosnpnt.shp.Turniton.Makesureitisactive.YoushouldseethesameGPStrackthatyousawbeforeinPathfinderOffice.This(View1seeFigure69)shouldsuggesttoyouthatyouhaveindeedturnedaGPSCORfileintoanArcViewshapefile.



{__}Lookatthethemetable:AttributesofPosnpnt.shp.(Thefirstfewrecordsofthe83recordsareshowninFigure610.Youshouldseetherecolumnscontainingthetimeeachfixwasrecordedanditsheightabovemeansealevel.Notethebeginningandendingtimeforthedatacollectionrun.Notethewidevariationofaltitudessincetheriverisveryplacidandalmostlevel,thisgivesyouanideaofwhatyoucanexpectinthewayofverticalaccuracyforindividualfixeseventhosethathavebeendifferentiallycorrected.Ontheotherhand,thesedataweretakenalongtimeagothingshaveimprovedsomewhat.Buttheverticalwillalwaysbeworsethanthehorizontal.Dismissthetable.

{__}SincePathfinderOffice(unfortunately)restrictsthenamesofshapefilesgeneratedbyitsexportutilitytoPosnpnt,Posnline,andPosnpoly,6itisbesttogivetheshapefileanamethatsayssomethingaboutit.Theeasiestwaytodothisistoduplicate(thatis,copy)theshapefile,givingthenewfileanameofyourchoice.Thisishow:makeView1active.UnderFile,clickManageDataSources.

Figure69.ArcViewviewoftheKentuckyRiverGPStrack.

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ArcViewtableoftheKentuckyRiverGPStrack.

Figure610.ArcViewtableoftheKentuckyRiverGPStrack.

AShapefileManagerwindowshouldcomeupshowingtheshapefilesin_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT.

ClickonPosnpnt.shptohighlightitandthenpushtheCopybutton.Typethenewname,sayBoat_sp83_yis.shp,intothe"ToShapefileName"blankandclickOK.CanceltheShapefileManagerWindow.

{__}NowaddBoat_sp83_yis.shpasanewthemetotheview.Maketheplottingsymbolabrightreddotofsizesix.(YoumaydeletethePosnpnt.shpthemebymakingittheactivetheme,goingintotheEditmenu,andclickingDeleteThemes.)

LookattheGPSTrackintheContextofaVarietyofGISData

ThesubjectofthistopicisusingGPSforinputtoGIS.NowthatyouhaveGPSdatainArcViewletslookatitwithotherGISdata.WehaveavailableseveraldigitalmapsandimagesoftherelevantportionoftheKentuckyRiverplusacoupleofvectorcoveragesofafewarcsfromtwoUSGSquadranglemaps.ThecountytothenorthisFayettethattothesouthisMadison.Ofthetwo7.5minutequadrangles,thewesternmostisCOLETOWNtheotherisFORD.Inthefolder_:\GPS2GIS\RIVERexistthefollowing:

AlinecoveragedigitizedfromtheFord,Kentuckyquadrangle:FORD_VCTR

AlinecoveragedigitizedfromtheColetown,Kentuckyquadrangle:COLE_VCTR

ATIGERlinefile(shapefile)ofthestreamsofFayetteCounty,Kentucky:FAY_TIGER

ATIGERlinefile(shapefile)ofthestreamsofMadisonCounty,Kentucky:MAD_TIGER

AdigitalrastergraphicsfilescannedfromtheColetowntopographicquadrangle:COLE_DRG.TIF

AsmallorthopohotoGeoTIFFimage7(itisadigitalorthophotoquadranglethatis1/64thofaregular7.5minuteUSGSquad):COLE_DOQ64.TIF

ADigitalElevationModel(DEM)intheformofanArc/InfoGRIDconsistingof"pillarsofelevation"thatareapproximately30meterssquare:COLE_DEM

AvectorlinecoverageoftheelevationcontourlinesgeneratedfromtheDEM:COLECONTOURS

ATriangulatedIrregularNetwork(TIN)showingelevationsderivedfromtheDEM,intheformofan



ArcInfoTIN:COLETIN

Avector(polygon)coverageofmostoftheColetownquadrangleshowingsoils:COLE_SOIL

AvectorpolygoncoverageoftheColetowngeologic(surfacerock)quadrangle:COLE_ROCK

Inthestepsbelowyouwilladdthesefeaturebased,gridbased,tinbased,andimagebasedthemes.

{__}EnlargetheView1windowsoitoccupiesmostoftheArcViewwindow,whichshouldbesettooccupythefullmonitorscreen.

{_}AddthefeaturebasedthemesfromUSGS7.5minutetopographicquadrangles:First,notethatallthesethemesarelocatedin__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER,notinRIVER_AV.ThecoveragesFORD_VCTRandCOLE_VCTRcontainafewarcsdigitized(withoutgreataccuracy)fromthetopoquadsFordandColetownthedatahavebeenconvertedtoKentuckyStatePlanecoordinatesintheNAD1983datum.Inparticular,anattemptwasmadetotracethebanksoftheKentuckyRiverandsomelocalhighwaysfromthequadsheets.AddFORD_VCTRandCOLE_VCTRasthemes.MaketheCOLE_VCTRsymbolabrightredlineofsize1usebrightgreenforFORD_VCTR.

{__}MakeBoat_sp83_yistheactivetheme.ZoomtoFullExtent.Observe.ThenZoomtoActiveTheme(s).

YoushouldseetheGPStrack,afewarcsoutliningtheriverfromtheColetowntoposheet,andafewarcsfromtheFordtoposheet.8Thestartingpointofthetripisinthesoutheastattheotherendofthetrackyoucanseethepolygonoutliningtheisland.

{_}Measurethelengthofthetrip?(_feet).

{_}Changetheviewingareaandmeasuresomeotherdistances:Zoomuponthearcsaroundtheisland.Whatisthelengthoftheisland(_feet),andthewidthoftheriverneartheisland?(______________feet).

TIGERLineFilesareaproductoftheU.S.BureauoftheCensus.TIGERstandsforTopologicallyIntegratedGeographicEncodingandReferencing.TIGERfilesprimarilycontainstreetdatanames,streetnumbers,censustracks,zipcodes,countyandstatecodes,andthegeographiccoordinatesofthesefeatures.Buttheyalsoincludeothertypesofdatathatcanberepresentedinlinearform,suchaspoliticalboundaries,railroads,andstreams.

FAY_TIGERandMAD_TIGERrepresentthestreamsoftheirrespectivecounties.

{__}DisplayFAY_TIGER.SHPasalinethemeusingbrightblueasacolorand"2"asthesize.NoticethetwostreamsthatcomeintotheKentuckyRiveralongtheGPStrack.NoticealsothatthenorthsideoftheriverisconsideredaFayetteCountystream.

{__}DisplayMAD_TIGERinthesamefashionasFAY_TIGERbutusingapalebluecolor.

{_}Makeathemefromthedigitalrastergraphics(DRG)imageoftheColetownquadrangle:IntheAddThemewindowselectImageDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes.Navigateto__:\GPS2GIS\RIVERandaddathemenamedCOLE_DRG.TIF.Pullitstitleinthetableofcontentstothebottomandturniton.(Fromnowon,putpointbasedthemesatthetopoftheT/C,linebasedthemesbelowthem,andimagebasedorgridbasedthemesatthebottom.)Observe.ZoomtheviewtofullextenttoseewhataUSSGSDRGimagelookslike.ThenzoomupontheareaoftheGPStrack.

{__}Lookatthecontourlinesneartheriver.Obviouslytheelevationchangessharply,sincethecontourlinesareclosetogether.

{__}Furtherzoomuponthebendintheriver.WhatistheNORMALPOOLELEVATION?_



{_}Makeathemefromtheorthophoto"tiffile:IntheAddThemewindowselectImageDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes.

Navigateto_:\GPS2GIS\RIVERandaddathemebasedonCOLE_DOQ64.TIF.DragitstitletonexttothebottomoftheT/C(withonlyDRGthemebelowit)andturniton.Zoomsotheentireorthophotoimage,plustheisland,isintheviewwindow.YoucangetaninterestingperspectiveontheimagesbyflippingCOLE_DOQ64.TIFoffandon.Experimentwithdifferentlevelsofmagnification.

{_}Makeathemefromthedigitalelevationmodel(DEM)thatisintheformofanArcInfoGRID:9IntheAddThemewindowselectGridDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes.From_:

\GPS2GIS\RIVERaddathemebasedonCOLE_DEM.DragitstitletothebottomoftheT/C.Turnoffthetwoimagethemesaboveitturnitonandmakeittheactivetheme.Edititslegendsoyoucanseenineortenclassificationsofelevation:LegendTypeGraduatedColor.ClassificationFieldValue.ColorRampYellowmonochromatic.Click"Classify"andchoose"NaturalBreaks."

{__}Noticetherangesofvaluesofelevation.ThelowestvalueintheareaoftheGPStrackis,ofcourse,onthesurfaceoftheriver.Usetheidentifytooltoseeiftheriverelevationagreeswithwhatyouwrotebeforeforthenormalpoolelevation.Againexperimentwithvariouslevelsofmagnification,includingfullextentoftheDEM.

{__}RedisplaytheDRG,butkeeptheDEMtheactivetheme.UsetheIdentifytooltocheckoutthetopomapelevations.Clickonthetopographiclinesmapwherethetextshowselevationsof600,700,850,and900feetnearthebendintheriver.Notetheagreement(orlackthereof)betweenwhatthetopomapsaysandthevaluesoftheunderlyinggrid.

AnotherwayofrepresentingelevationonamaporinaGIS,withwhichyouarefamiliarfromyourworkwithtopographicmaps,isthrough"isolines"or"contour"lines.Allpointsonagivenlinerepresentthesameelevation.ThecontourlinesintheCOLE_CONTOURlinecoveragewasdevelopedbyacomputerprogramthatprocessedtheDEMforthatquadrangle.

{__}DisplaythelinethemeCOLE_CONTOUR,usingablacklineofwidth"1."DisplaythisthemeandtheDRGthemeonly.WithCOLE_CONTOURtheactivetheme,usetheidentifytooltocomparetheelevationvaluesoftheblackcontourlineswiththoseshownontheDRG.Thisprocessmayworkbetterifyouzoomtoalocationawayfromtheriver,becausethecontourlinestherearesodensethatitishardtoseewhatisgoingon.Youwillnoticethatthecontourlinesfromthetwodifferentdatasetsareclose,butnotcongruent.Knowingtheelevationateverypointinanareaisatricky(actuallyimpossible)task.Thesetwodatasetswerederivedinverydifferentways.Theyactuallyshowaremarkabledegreeofagreement.

ATIN(TriangulatedIrregularNetwork),alongwithcontourlines,anddigitalelevationmodels,constituteathirdwayofrepresentingtopographyinGISs.ATINrepresentselevationbytessellating10theplanewithtriangles.Eachtriangleispositionedabovetheplanesuchthateachofitsthreecornersisattheproperelevation.Theresult,then,isasurfacemadeupofflattriangularplatesatdifferentangles.

{_}MakeathemefromtheTriangulatedIrregularNetworkArclnfoTIN:11IntheAddThemewindowselectTINDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes(youmayhavetoscrollthedropdownlisttoseeit).Navigateto__:\GPS2GIS\RIVERandaddathemebasedonCOLE_TIN.DragitstitletothebottomoftheT/C.Turnoffanyimagethemesaboveitturniton.ZoomupontheGPStrack.ThenzoommoretoseetheconstructionoftheTIN.(Ifthesurfacesoftwoormoretriangleshavethesameslopeyouwillnotseethelineseparatingthem.)Again,withtheDEMactive,checkoutsomeelevationswiththeidentifytool.

{__}Optionally,editthelegendoftheTIN.Ithasitsownlegendeditor,whichyouinvokebyclickingononeofthecoloredrectanglesintheT/C.FacesmayshowtheElevationRange(thedefault),theslopesofthetriangles,ortheaspect(directiontheyareinclinedtoward)ofthetriangles.YoumayalsoviewtheTINfrompositionsotherthanstraightabove.YoucouldspendafulldayexploringthedifferentwaystodisplayTINs.



Comebacktothisifyouareinterested.GetyourguidancefromtheArcViewHelpfiles.

{_}MakeathemefromanArclnfopolygonsoilscoverage:

IntheAddThemewindowselectFeatureDataSourcefromDataSourceTypes(youmayhavetoscrollthedropdownlisttoseeit).From__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER,addathemebasedonCOLE_SOIL.DragitstitletothebottomoftheT/Candmakesureitistheactivetheme.Turnoffanyimagethemesaboveitturniton.Youwillseearcsoutliningthepolygonsbuttheywillbeallthesamecolor.DoubleclickontherectangularlegendblockintheT/CtobringuptheLegendEditor.FromtheLegendTypepick"UniqueValue"fromthedropdownlistand"Minor1"fromtheValuesField.Usethe"BountifulHarvest"ColorScheme.ClickApply.DismisstheLegendEditor.Youshouldsee69differentvaluesrepresentedinCOLE_SOIL.InordernottohavetheseallvaluesclutteringuptheT/C,clickon"Hide/ShowLegend"intheThemedropdownmenu.

{__}ZoomuponthepartoftheGPStrackthatlieswithinthesoilstheme.UsingtheIdentifytool,determinetheMinor1classificationofthesoiltypethatpredominateswithinthebanksoftheriver.____

{_}Justtogetanideaofthecharacterofthesoilscoveragefortheentirequadrangle,zoomtofullextent.Theblankareasoccurbecausesoilsdataarenotcompiledprimarilybyquadrangle,butbycountyandquadrangletogether.

{__}COLE_ROCKshowsthesurfacegeologyclassifications.Displayitasapolygonthemeinmuchthesamemannerasthesoilscoverage.Displayitwithuniquevaluesforeach"Name"ofeachrocktype.AsyouhaveseenwiththeotherGISdatasets,itgetsprettyinterestingintheareaoftheriver.

{__}Spendafewminuteslookingatthevariousthemesatdifferentscales.OnegreatadvantageofaGISisthatyoucanmakemapsdisplaywhatyouwantbyturningvariouscombinationsoflayersonandoff.Playwiththatcapability.Whenyouhavefinished,determineifyourinstructorwantsyoutosavetheProjectsoheorshecanseeitlater.Ifso,followthedirectionsgivenastowheretosaveitandwhattocallit.CloseArcView.

Ofcourse,thereisalongstorybehindeachofthetypesofdatathatwehavelookedatbrieflyhere.IfyouareinterestedinaparticulartypeorsourceofdataIsuggestthatyoulookfirstatthewebforsourcesandthenstudywebpagesortextsformoredetail.

PROJECT6aB

BlundersCausedbyUsingtheWrongDatum

OneofthecentraldifficultiesinusingGPSforinputtoGISismismatchedparameters,asIhavestatedsooftenthatyouaresickofreadingit.Indeed,theissueofgettingtheparametersofgeographicdatasetstomatchisageneralproblemwithGIS.Letslookatwhathappensifwearentcareful.

{_}BringupPathfinderOfficeagain.IfyouclickontheiconfortheExportUtility,theprogramwillstillbesettoexporttheGPSfileC111315a.CORto_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT.

HoweveryouwanttoexporttheGPSdatainadifferentcoordinatesystem,soclickonNewSetup.IntheNewSetupwindowchoose"Copyofexistingsetup."Inthe"SetupName"fieldreplace"CopyofAV_yis#1"with"AV_yis#2."ClickOKandupwillcomeourseventabwindow.

{_}MakenochangesinData,Output,Attributes,ArcViewShapefile,orPositionFilter(unlessyouwereunabletosaveAV_yis#1,inwhichcaseyouwillhavetosettheparametersunderthosetabstothevaluesspecifiedwhenyoudidthepreviousexport).HoweverwewanttomakethisexportsetupsoitmakesashapefileintheUTMcoordinatesystemintheNAD27datum.Alsowewanttosettheexportparametersspecifically,ratherthanrelyingonthecurrentdisplayparameters.So,undertheCoordinateSystemtabselect(UseExportCoordinateSystemandthenclickonChange.MaketheSystemUniversalTransverseMercator.TheZone



shouldbe16North,theDatumNAD27(Conus),CoordinateUnitsMeters,AltitudeUnitsFeet,andAltitudeReferenceMSL.

{__}UndertheUnitstabalsouseExportparameters.Usemetersforallthreeoptions.ClickOKintheSelectUnitswindowandthenintheExportSetupPropertieswindow.

{__}DoublechecktheExportwindow,12thenclickOK.Youmaybetoldthatfileswillbeoverwritten.Thatsokay,sinceyoucopiedthepreviouslymadePosnpnt.shptoanothername,therebysavingit.(Didntyou?)

{__}StartupArcViewand,withManageDataSources,copythenewPosnpnt.shpitisin_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORTtoBoat_utm27_yis.shp.

{_}InPathfinderOfficeagainexportC111315a.CORforthethirdtime:ThistimemakeanexportsetupnamedAV_yis#3thatmakesashapefileinthesameUTMzonebutusesWGS84asthedatum.

{__}BackinArcView(youcanswitchbackandforthbetweenArcViewandPathfinderOfficesimplybyclickingtheappropriatebuttonsontheStartbarorbyusingtheAltTab[orAltShiftTabcombination],copythenewshapefilegivingitthenameBoat_utm84_yis.shp.

{__}InArcView,makeanewviewandenlargeitswindow.Addthefollowingthemesfromfeaturedatasources:

__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT\Boat_utm27_yis.shp

_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER_AV\EXPORT\Boat_utm84_yis.shp

_:\GPS2GIS\RIVER\COLE_UTM

__:\GPS2GIS\RIVER\FORD_UTM

{__}MakeaGPStracktheactivetheme,andzoomtoactivethemes.NoticethelargedifferenceinthetwoGPStracks.Measurehowmuchdisplaced(inmeters)fromeachothertheyareinanorthsouthdirection._______Howmuchinaneastwestdirection?______.YoucanusetheIdentifytooltodeterminewhichGPSarcisnorthernmost.Whichisit?

{__}Thebanksoftheriverweredigitizedfromtopoquadsheets.Inwhichdatumwouldyousaythosesheetsweredeveloped?NAD27orNAD83(virtuallythesameasWGS84)?_________

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PROJECT6aC

{_}BackinPathfinderOffice,generatetheshapefilethatisanarcratherthanasequenceofpoints:Basically,youwillrepeatPROJECT6aA,usingtheExportSetupAV_yis#1exceptthistimechoosethe"OnelinepergroupofNotinFeaturePositions"optionunderthe"Data"tab.UndertheAttributestab,selectLength(2D)andLength(3D)asLineFeatureattributes.WhentheexportprocessisconductedforthisExportSetup,theGPSfixeswillgenerateashapefileforanarc.InsteadofPosnPnt.shp,youwillgetPosnLine.shp.

{_}DisplayPosnLine.shpwithArcViewinanewview.Lookatthethemetable.Firstobservethatitisverydull(onlyonerecord)comparedwiththe(hardlyexciting)tablethatshowedeachpoint.Thetimegivenisthestartingtimeofthefile.AlsolookatthetwocolumnsinthefilelabeledGps_lengthandGps_3dlength.Gps_lengthisthesumofthesegmentdistances,infeet,oftheGPSarc,consideringonlythehorizontalcomponents(twodimensional)ofthecoordinatepoints.Gps_3dlengthisthesumofthelengthsofthesequenceoflinesthatconnectthethreedimensionalcoordinatepoints.Youwouldexpectittobelonger,butnotthatmuchlonger,unlesstheKentuckyRiverwasamajorwhitewaterriver.Thelargedifferenceisdue,actually,totheGPSerrorsinrecordingtheheightsofthepointsthatmakeupthearc.

{__}UseManageDataSourcestocopythePosnLineshapefilemakethenewfilename"KYARC_yis"where"yis"representsyourinitials.

Somepointstoconsider:Supposepositionshadbeencollectedevery30secondsontheboattrip,thepositionswereextremelyaccurate,andtheboatstayedpreciselyinthemiddleoftheriver.Wouldthelengthofthetwodimensionalarc,asfoundinthethemetable,overstateorunderstatethelengthofthetrip?

PROJECT6aE

{__}EitherusethedatayoutookwhiletransportingtheGPSreceiverandantennainProject2A,orcollectsomenewdata.FindsomeGISdatathatcoversthesameareainwhichyoutooktheGPSdata.ConverttheGPSdatawiththeappropriateparameterstoanArcViewShapefileandviewitwithotherGISdata.

Nextpost:IntegratingGPSDatawithArcInfo(GPSandGIS)Part1

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