gr - 13 tim part i · jkpo; - juk; 13 - mrpupau; mwptiug;g topfhl;b ii jkpo;nkhop c njrpa fy;tp...

ijkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

jkpo;

f.ngh.j. cau;juk; - juk; 13

jkpo;nkhopj;Jiw

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

,yq;if

2010

Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

iijkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

jkpo;nkhop

c Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

Kjyhk; gjpg;G :- 2010

ISBN

gjpg;G:

iiijkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

2007k; Mz;by; juk; 6> juk;10 vd;gtw;wpy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l Nju;r;rpfis

mbg ;gilahff ; nfhz;l fw ;wy ; -fw ;g pj ;jy ; mZFKiw gbg ;gbahf

mLj;jLj;jhz;Lfspy; 7 Mk;> 8 Mk;> 9 Mk;> 11 Mk; juq;fSf;fhd fiyj;jpl;lq;fspy;

cs;thq;fg;gl;lJld; 2009 ,y; mJ f.ngh.j cau;ju tFg;Gf;Fupa fiyj;

jpl;lq;fSf;Fk; tpupTgLj;Jtjw;F Njrpa fy;tp epWtf fiyj;jpl;l tbtikg;ghsu;fs;

ntw;wpfz;Ls;sdu;. ,jd;fhuzkhf> 12Mk;> 13Mk; juq;fspd; gy;NtW ghlq;fs;

mtw;Wf;Fupa ghlj;jpl;lq;fs; Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfs; khztuplj;jpy;

tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfs;> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs; vd;gd njhlu;ghf tpupthd

jfty;fs; ,g;NghJ Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,j;jfty;fs; jkJ ghlk; njhlu;ghd

fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fis tFj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F Mrpupau;fSf;Fj; Jizahf

mikAk;.

fiyj;jpl;lk; tbtikg;Nghuhy; fdp\;l ,ilepiy (6-9) rpNu\;l ,ilepiy (10-

11) juq;fSf;F cupa fiyj;jpl;lq;fis jahupg;gjw;fhf ifahz;l mZFKiwapYk;

ghu;f;f NtWgl;l Xu; mZFKiw f.ngh.j cau;ju ghlq;fSf;Fupa Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G

topfhl;bfisj; jahupg;gjw;fhf gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;GfpNwd;.

6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11Mk; juq;fspy; ghl tplaq;fisf; fw;gpf;Fk;NghJ gpd;gw;w

Ntz;ba fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; mZFKiwfs; njhlu;ghf Mrpupau;fs; Fwpj;j khjpup

xd;wpd;ghy; topg;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;.

vdpDk; f.ngh.j cau;ju tFg;Gf;Fupa ghlj;jpl;lq;fSk; Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G

topfhl;bfSk; Mrpupau;fs; jkJ tpUg;gpd;gb nraw;gLtjw;fhd Rje;jpuj;ij caupa

kl;lj;jpy; mDgtpg;gjw;F ,lkspf;Fk; tifapy; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tifapy;

Fwpj;j ghl myFfSf;F my;yJ ghlj;Jf;F (Lesson) cupa Nju;r;rpiaAk; Nju;r;rp

kl;lj;ijAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf cj;Njr fw;wy; Kiwfspy; jhk; tpUk;gpa

Kiwapid Mrpupau;fs; gad;gLj;JjNy vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

jhk; gad;gLj;Jk; fw;gpj;jy; mZFKiw kfpo;r;rp mspg;gjhfTk; tpidj;jpwd;

cilajhfTk; mikAk; tpjj;jpy; gad;gLj;jp khztu;fis cj;Njr Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp

kl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd;ghy; ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; gzpapy; Mrpupau;fs; FiwNtJk; ,d;wp

epiwNtw;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;. f.ngh.j cau;ju guPl;irapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> mg;guPl;ir

njhlu;ghf fy;tpj; Jiwia rhu;e;j rfyUk; fhl;Lk; fuprid Mfpatw;iwf; fUj;jpw;

nfhz;Nl MrpupaUf;F ,t;thwhd Rje;jpuk; toq;f jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij

,q;F Fwpg;gpl tpUk;GfpNwd;.

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b Mrpupau;fSf;F ,d;wpaikahj xU ife;E}yhf

mikal;Lk; vd gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;. vkJ (khztu;fspd;) gps;isfspd; mwpTf;

fz;iz jpwg;gjw;F ,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy; mlq;fpAs;s jfty;fs;

fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; vd;gd vkJ Mrpupau;fSf;F Kiwahd

topfhl;ly;fis toq;Fk; vd ngupJk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwd;.

fyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrju

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

KfTiuKfTiuKfTiuKfTiuKfTiu

ivjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b 2010 Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; 13 Mk; juj;jpw;Fupa

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwia xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F Mrpupau;f;Fk;

gadspg;gjhFk;.

,e;j topfhl;b E}iyj; jahupg;gjw;F mbg;gilahff; nfhs;sg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lk;

,Jtiuapy; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;j ghlj;jpl;lj;jpypUe;J NtWgl;ljhFk;. ,J Nju;r;rpfis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ghlj;jpl;lkhf mike;jpUg;gNj mt;NtWghlhFk;. ,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s

Nju;r;rpfis ,j;juj;jpNyNa mila Kbahky; Nghf ,lKz;L. rpyNtis mjw;fhf

ePz;l fhyk; vLf;fyhk;. vdpDk;> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fisAk; me;je;j Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fspd;

fPo;j; jug;gl;Ls;s fw;ww;NgWfisAk; ,j;juk; Kbtjw;Fs; miljy; mtrpak; MFk;.

vdNt> ,j;juj;jpw;Fupa ghlq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;tjw;F> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk; fw;ww;

NgWfSk; JizahFk;. ,f;fw;ww; NgWfis fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd;

Fwpf;Nfhs;fis tFj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; tFg;giw kjpg;gPl;L fUtpfisj; jahupj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;fhd epajpfshf gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;Jk; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,g;ghlj;ijg; gapYk; NghJ crhTtjw;Fupa Nkyjpf

E}y;fs; ,izaj;jsq;fs; (web site) vd;gd Fwpj;J khztu;fSf;F mwpT+l;Ltjw;Fk;

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b Jizahf mikAk;.

,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s cj;Njr nraw;ghLfs;> ePq;fs; Mf;fG+u;tkhd Mrpupau;fshf

nraw;gLtij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L khjpupr; nraw;ghLfshf jug;gl;Ls;sd vdf;

fUjpf;nfhs;f. Fwpg;ghf Mrpupau; ika tFg;giwr; nrad;Kiwia khw;wp> khztu;

ikar; nrad;Kiwahf khw;wp mikj;jNy ngupJk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> khztiu

E}y; crhTif> ,izag; gad;ghL Kjyhd Njly;fspd; ghy; ,l;Lr; nry;yj;jf;fthW

fw;wy; tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;FtJ Fwpj;J kpfTk; ftdk; nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. fw;gpj;jypd;

NghJ kuG uPjpahd Kiwapy; Fwpg;G toq;Ftjw;Fg; gjpyhf ftu;r;rpfukhd tifapy;

Gj;jwpT> Nfhl;ghLfs; Kjyhdtw;iw Kd;itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf ,g;Gjpa

tFg;giwapy; njhopy;El;gj;ij cr;r mstpy; cgNahfg;gLj;Jk; njhlu;ghly; Kiwfisg;

gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> Gjpa njhopy;El;g rhjdq;fis

,ad;wsTf;F Mf;fG+u;tkhf gad;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;.

13Mk; juj;jpy; ,g;ghlj;ijf; fw;fj; njhlq;Fk; cq;fs; khztu;fSf;F

,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; Fwpj;J njspTgLj;JtJ gaDilajhFk;. tUlk; KOtJk;

eilKiwg;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; cq;fsJ fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; jpl;lj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;tjhy;

fw;wypd;ghy; mk;khztu;fspd; Mu;tj;ijj; J}z;lyhk;. NkYk;> KOg;ghlj;jpl;lj;ijAk;

fw;gjw;F khztu;fs; ghlrhiyapd;ghy; <u;f;fg;gLtjw;Fk; mJ JizahFk;. Gjpa

fiyj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; Clhf tFg;giwf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwapy; njspthd

khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> ,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;ijAk; Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy;

jug;gl;Ls;s nraw;ghLfisAk; gad;gLj;jp cq;fsJ Mf;fj; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;J

nfhs;SkhW Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd;.

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;biaj; jahupg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j

fy;tpkhd;fSf;Fk; Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtf mjpfhupfSf;Fk; vdJ tpNrl

ed;wpiaj; njuptpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,g;gzpapy; topfhl;ly; toq;fpa gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; fyhepjp

cghyp Nrju mtu;fSf;Fk; ,e;E}iy mr;rpl;L ghlrhiyfSf;F tpepNahfpf;Fk; nghWg;ig

Vw;Ws;s fy;tp ntspaPl;L Mizahsu; ehafk; cl;gl Vida gzpahsu;fSf;Fk;

vdJ ed;wpiaj; njuptpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;E}ypy; mlq;fpAs;s tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ

Mf;fG+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fis vdf;F mDg;gp itg;gPu;fshapd; ed;wpAilatdhNtd;.

tpky; rpak;gyhnfhl

cjtpg;gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

nkhopfs;> khDltpay;> r%f tpQ;QhdgPlk;

Kd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;Diu

vjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

kdpjdpd; rpe;jid tpUj;jpf;Fk; mwpifg;Gy tpupiff;Fk; nkhop ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

kdpjDila MSik tpUj;jpapd; mbg;gil mk;rkhf jpfo;tJ nkhopf;ifahl;rp vdyhk;.

,tw;wpd; mbg;gilapNyNa ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapy; nkhop fw;gpj;jy; vd;gJ Kjd;ik

ngWfpwJ. juk; 1 Kjy; juk; 11 tiu jkpo;g; ghlj;ijf; fw;W te;j khztd;> f. ngh.

j. cau; juj;jpy; fiyg;gpuptpy; jkpio xU ghlkhff; fw;f Kd;tUfpd;whd;. ,k;khztd;

ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia epiwTnra;Ak; nghOJ etPd tpQ;Qhd njhopDl;g cyfpd;

rthy;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;ff; $batdhf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,g;Gjpa jkpo;

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs; MFk;.

ve;j tplak; MapDk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w khw;wq;fs; jtpu;f;f Kbahjit@ mj;Jld;

,d;wpaikahjit. ,e;j tifapy; nkhopfw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; KiwfspYk; khw;wNkw;gLtJ

jtpu;f;f KbahjjhFk;. Gjpafy;tp kW rPuikg;Gf;fika Nju;r;rp ikaf; fiyj;jpl;lk;

ghlrhiyfspy; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. khztu;fs; milaNtz;Lk; vd vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gLk;

Nju;r;rpfs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;L Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,j; Nju;r;rpfis

miltjw;Fupa gbfshf Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk; mtw;iw miltjw;fhd cs;slf;fq;fSk;

tpupthfj; jug;gl;Ls;sd. Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Nju;r;rpfis khztu;fs; va;j Mrpupau;fs; cjtf;

$ba tifapy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfSk; mZFKiwfSk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

nkhopj;jpwd;fshd Nfl;ly;> Ngr;R> thrpg;G> vOj;J Mfpatw;iw tpUj;jp nra;tNj

nkhop fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jypd; mbg;gil Nehf;fkhFk;. 12 Mk;> 13 Me; juq;fspy; nkhop

fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupau;fs; ,jidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L jkJ fw;gpj;jw; nranyhOq;if

tFj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;baJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. guPl;ir vd;w ,yf;if kl;Lk; fUj;jpw;

nfhs;shJ nkhopiar; nrk;ikahff; ifahsf; $ba> njhlu;ghly; jpwd; kpf;f khztiu

cUthf;Fk; ghupa nghWg;G nkhop Mrpupau;fSf;F cz;L.

jkpo; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nranyhOq;if tFg;giwapy; Kd;ndLg;gjw;F

Mrpupau;fSf;F cjTk; tifapy; ,f;ife;E}y; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J ,uz;L gpujhd

gFjpfis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

1. tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;bj; njhlu;

2. ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPL

,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fpa tuyhW> ,yf;fzk; Mfpa gFjpfs; tpla cs;slf;f

topfhl;bj; njhlUs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. ,e;j tplaq;fisf; fw;gpg;gjd; Clhf khztu;fs;

milaNtz;ba Nju;r;rpfs;> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;> fw;ww; NgWfs; vd;gd xt;nthU gFjpapYk;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; mZFKiwia mikj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; G+uz

Rje;jpuk; MrpupaUf;F cs;sJ. mNj Ntis ghlg;gug;Gf;fis xd;wpizj;Jf; fw;gpg;gjd;

mtrpaj;ij cs;thq;fp mZFKiwia jPu;;khdpj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij kdjpy;

,Uj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

mjhtJ> ,yf;fpag;gFjpia fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ ,yf;fpa tuyhW> ,yf;fzg;gFjpfis

vt;thW xd;wpizj;Jf; fw;gpf;fyhk; vd;gij ed;F jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ.

nraw;ghLfis jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;Sk;NghJ khztu; ikar; nraw;ghl;Lf;Nf Kjd;ik

juNtz;Lk; vd;gJk; ,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;

vijkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

,e;E}ypd; ,uz;lhk; gFjpapy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis NkYk; tpUj;jp

nra;tjw;F ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jtizf;F

xd;W vd;w uPjpapy; %d;W fUtpfs; ,q;F ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. guPl;irapy;; kjpg;gplg;gl

Kbahj khztu;fspd; cs;shu;e;j jpwd;fis ntspf;nfhzu;tjw;fhd tha;g;G> ,jd;

%yk; khztu;f;F toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jf; ife;E}ypd; filrpg; gFjpapy; ,yf;fzg; gapw;rp > ,yf;fpaj;jpD}lhd

nkhopg;gapw;rp > fl;Liu jpUj;Jk; Kiw> fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd; khjpupfs;

Mfpad gpd;dpizg;Gfshfj; jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,it Mrpupaupd; tFg;giwr; nraw;ghLfSf;F

tsk; Nru;f;Fk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;

juk; 13 jkpo;g; ghlj;ij tpidj;jpwDld; khztu;fs; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy;

mtu;fis newpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,e;j mwpTiug;G topfhl;b gad;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

jkpo;nkhopj;Jiwjkpo;nkhopj;Jiwjkpo;nkhopj;Jiwjkpo;nkhopj;Jiwjkpo;nkhopj;Jiw

viijkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

MNyhridMNyhridMNyhridMNyhridMNyhrid : : : : : - fyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrjufyhepjp cghyp Nrju - gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;.

- fyhepjp tpky; rpak;gyhnfhlfyhepjp tpky; rpak;gyhnfhlfyhepjp tpky; rpak;gyhnfhlfyhepjp tpky; rpak;gyhnfhlfyhepjp tpky; rpak;gyhnfhl - cjtpg;gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

nkhopfs;> khDl tpay;>

r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

xUq;fpizg;G :xUq;fpizg;G :xUq;fpizg;G :xUq;fpizg;G :xUq;fpizg;G :

----- jpUkjp. Qh. rpj;uuQ;rd;jpUkjp. Qh. rpj;uuQ;rd;jpUkjp. Qh. rpj;uuQ;rd;jpUkjp. Qh. rpj;uuQ;rd;jpUkjp. Qh. rpj;uuQ;rd;

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ghl epGzj;Jt FO:ghl epGzj;Jt FO:ghl epGzj;Jt FO:ghl epGzj;Jt FO:ghl epGzj;Jt FO:

----- Nguhrpupau; rp. jpy;iyehjdNguhrpupau; rp. jpy;iyehjdNguhrpupau; rp. jpy;iyehjdNguhrpupau; rp. jpy;iyehjdNguhrpupau; rp. jpy;iyehjd; - jifrhu; Xa;Tepiyg; Nguhrpupau;; ;; ;

- Nguhrpupau; m. rz;Kfjh]; -Nguhrpupau; m. rz;Kfjh]; -Nguhrpupau; m. rz;Kfjh]; -Nguhrpupau; m. rz;Kfjh]; -Nguhrpupau; m. rz;Kfjh]; - jifrhu; Xa;Tepiyg; Nguhrpupau;

- Nguhrpupau; vk;. V. E/khd;Nguhrpupau; vk;. V. E/khd;Nguhrpupau; vk;. V. E/khd;Nguhrpupau; vk;. V. E/khd;Nguhrpupau; vk;. V. E/khd; ----- Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

- jpU. J. ,uhN[e;jpukjpU. J. ,uhN[e;jpukjpU. J. ,uhN[e;jpukjpU. J. ,uhN[e;jpukjpU. J. ,uhN[e;jpuk;

- Xa;T ngw;w rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofk;

- fyhepjp v];. Nahfuh[hfyhepjp v];. Nahfuh[hfyhepjp v];. Nahfuh[hfyhepjp v];. Nahfuh[hfyhepjp v];. Nahfuh[h

- rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

- fyhepjp t. kNf];tud;fyhepjp t. kNf];tud;fyhepjp t. kNf];tud;fyhepjp t. kNf];tud;fyhepjp t. kNf];tud;

- rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

- jpU. Nf. ,uFgud;jpU. Nf. ,uFgud;jpU. Nf. ,uFgud;jpU. Nf. ,uFgud;jpU. Nf. ,uFgud;

- rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

- jpU. nkh`kl; ukP]jpU. nkh`kl; ukP]jpU. nkh`kl; ukP]jpU. nkh`kl; ukP]jpU. nkh`kl; ukP];

- rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

vOj;jhsu; FO :vOj;jhsu; FO :vOj;jhsu; FO :vOj;jhsu; FO :vOj;jhsu; FO :

- jpU. e. rpjk;guehjdjpU. e. rpjk;guehjdjpU. e. rpjk;guehjdjpU. e. rpjk;guehjdjpU. e. rpjk;guehjd; - Kd;dhs; gzpg;ghsu;> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

- jpUkjp. v];. ghyRe;juk;jpUkjp. v];. ghyRe;juk;jpUkjp. v];. ghyRe;juk;jpUkjp. v];. ghyRe;juk;jpUkjp. v];. ghyRe;juk; - Kd;dhs; gpujpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;

----- nry;tp. v];. fzgjpg;gps;isnry;tp. v];. fzgjpg;gps;isnry;tp. v];. fzgjpg;gps;isnry;tp. v];. fzgjpg;gps;isnry;tp. v];. fzgjpg;gps;is - Kd;dhs; c.f.gzpg;ghsu;> fz;b.

- jpUkjp. v];. rj;jpaNjtd;jpUkjp. v];. rj;jpaNjtd;jpUkjp. v];. rj;jpaNjtd;jpUkjp. v];. rj;jpaNjtd;jpUkjp. v];. rj;jpaNjtd; - tpNtfhde;jhf;fy;Y}up> nfhOk;G.

- jpUkjp. gp. ghyre;jpud; jpUkjp. gp. ghyre;jpud; jpUkjp. gp. ghyre;jpud; jpUkjp. gp. ghyre;jpud; jpUkjp. gp. ghyre;jpud; - ghujp jkpo; tpj;jpahyak;> gJis

- jpUkjp. v];. rfhNjtd; jpUkjp. v];. rfhNjtd; jpUkjp. v];. rfhNjtd; jpUkjp. v];. rfhNjtd; jpUkjp. v];. rfhNjtd; - Mrpupau; MNyhrfu; - fSj;Jiw

- jpU. v];. Kusp jpU. v];. Kusp jpU. v];. Kusp jpU. v];. Kusp jpU. v];. Kusp - Mrpupau; MNyhrfu; - gpypae;jiy

- jpU. vk;. v];. k/&g; jpU. vk;. v];. k/&g; jpU. vk;. v];. k/&g; jpU. vk;. v];. k/&g; jpU. vk;. v];. k/&g; - nfhj;jhd; jPT k.k.tp. nfhj;jhd; jPT

- nry;tp. tp. nry;tehafk; nry;tp. tp. nry;tehafk; nry;tp. tp. nry;tehafk; nry;tp. tp. nry;tehafk; nry;tp. tp. nry;tehafk; - K];ypk; kfspu; fy;Y}up - nfhOk;G

- jpU. v];. NfrtdjpU. v];. NfrtdjpU. v];. NfrtdjpU. v];. NfrtdjpU. v];. Nfrtd; - ,uj;kyhid ,e;Jf;fy;Y}up nfhOk;G.

fzdp gjpg;Gk; tbtikg;Gk; :fzdp gjpg;Gk; tbtikg;Gk; :fzdp gjpg;Gk; tbtikg;Gk; :fzdp gjpg;Gk; tbtikg;Gk; :fzdp gjpg;Gk; tbtikg;Gk; :

----- jpUkjp. gh. r[Pjh ,f;uhk;jpUkjp. gh. r[Pjh ,f;uhk;jpUkjp. gh. r[Pjh ,f;uhk;jpUkjp. gh. r[Pjh ,f;uhk;jpUkjp. gh. r[Pjh ,f;uhk;

E}yhf;ff;FOE}yhf;ff;FOE}yhf;ff;FOE}yhf;ff;FOE}yhf;ff;FO

viiijkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

gf;fk;

KfTiu

Kd;Diu

mwpKfk;

tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;bj; njhlu;tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;bj; njhlu;tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;bj; njhlu;tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;bj; njhlu;tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;bj; njhlu;

1. ,yf;fpak; -,yf;fpak; -,yf;fpak; -,yf;fpak; -,yf;fpak; - tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;

- nra;As;/ ftpij ,yf;fpak; 01 - 33

- ciueil ,yf;fpak; 34 - 47

2. ,yf;fpatuyhW,yf;fpatuyhW,yf;fpatuyhW,yf;fpatuyhW,yf;fpatuyhW

- jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW 48 - 58

- <oj;J ,yf;fpa tuyhW 59 - 64

3. ,yf;fzk;,yf;fzk;,yf;fzk;,yf;fzk;,yf;fzk;

- Gzupay; 65 - 78

- ,ilr;nrhy; 79 - 83

- cupr;nrhy; 84 - 85

- nrhw;nwhlupay; 86 - 89

- thf;fpak; 90 - 102

- nkhoptsk; 103 - 107

- ahg;G 108 - 115

- mzp 116 - 120

ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPL

mwpKfk; 122 - 123

fzpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfs; 124 - 130

gpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;G

,yf;fzg;gapw;rp 131 - 136

,yf;fpaj;Jldhd nkhopg;gapw;rp 137 - 143

fl;Liu jpUj;Jk; Kiw 144 - 147

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd; khjpupfs; 148 - 177

iiiivv

cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;

ixjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

Kjyhk; jtiz

Kjyhk; jtiz

Kjyhk; jtiz

Kjyhk; jtiz

Kjyhk; jtiz

ghl

ghl

ghl

ghl

ghl

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

,uz;lhk; jtiz

,uz;lhk; jtiz

,uz;lhk; jtiz

,uz;lhk; jtiz

,uz;lhk; jtiz

%d;whk; jtiz

%d;whk; jtiz

%d;whk; jtiz

%d;whk; jtiz

%d;whk; jtiz

04 16 10 22 05 05 08 15 15 15 07 03

25 15 05 08 15 15 15 15 06 06

20 10 02 02 02 02 04 03 03 02

nra;As;

,yf;fpak;

fl;Liufs;

rpWfijfs;

Ra Mf;fk;

,yf;fpa

tuyhW

,yf;fzk;

-ew;wpiz

(nghq;Fjpiu........)

mk;%tdhu;

-jpUf;Fws; (m

q;f ,ay; - 4 mjpfhuq;fs;

kd;diur; Nru;e;njhOfy;>

Fwpg;gwpjy;> mit mwpjy;> mit

mQ;rhik)

-kzpNkfiy - MGj;jpuNdhL

kzpgy;ytk; mile;j fhij (gOjpy;

fhl;rp jd;gpwg; Gzu;j;j...- 16 mbfs;)

-fk;guhkhazk; (ifNfap

#o;tpidg; glyk; 67-91 tiu

24 ghly;fs;)

-jkpo;r; nry;thf;F

(nj.ngh.kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;)

-ghujpahu;(Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;)

fl;Liu (Ma;T tpku;rdk;)

-INuhg;gpau; fhyk;

-INuhg;gpau; fhyk; (<ok;)

-Gzupay;

-nrhy;ypay;

•,ilr;nrhy;

•cupr;nrhy;

-fk;guhkhazk; (ifNfap

#o;tpidg;glyk; 92 - 115

tiu 24 ghly;fs;)

-jdpg;ghly; jpul;L

•kd;dtDk; ePNah.......

•XLk; ,Uf;Fk; ..........

•fj;Jfly; ..........

•mg;gpNy Njha;j;jpl;L.........

•kl;lhUk; njs; fwe;ijg; ...

kdtypik Ntz;Lk;

(lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;)

fl;Liu (Ma;T tpku;rdk;)

jw;fhyk;

jw;fhyk; - (<ok;)

-njhlupay;

-thf;fpatpay;

-ahg;gpay;

-mzpapay;

-rPwhg; Guhzk;

(kio miog;gpj;j

glyk; 1-21 ghly;fs;)

-ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;

•gj;jpupif

•ghujp cs;sk;

-#upafhe;jp (ftpkzp Njrpf

tpehafk; gps;is)

-khL khL vd;W (K

Uifad;)

-Mz;ltd; ePjhd; (Rgj;jpud;)

-rk;gs ehs;

(FwpQ;rpj;njd;dtd;)

-Afre;jp (n[afhe;jd;)

-jha; (t.m

. ,uhruj;jpdk;)

-xU $ilf;nfhOe;J

(vd;. v];. vk;. uhikah)

-xsp (kUJ}u;f; nfhj;jd;)

ghl

ghl

ghl

ghl

ghl

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

ghl

ghl

ghl

ghl

ghl

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

Ntis

1jkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bjkpo; - juk; 13 - Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 1 .01.01.01.01.0 :::::


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1 .11.11.11.11.1 :::::

1 .21.21.21.21.2

1.31.31.31.31.3

1.41.41.41.41.4

2.12.12.12.12.1

2.22.22.22.22.2

2.32.32.32.32.3

4.14.14.14.14.1

5.25.25.25.25.2

7.37.37.37.37.3

njhlu;ghly; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapy;

fl;LUthf;fj; jpwd; cs;stuhfr; nraw;gLthu;.

nra;As; ,yf;fpaq;fisf; fw;W mit $Wk; tplaq;f

isAk; jkJ fUj;Jf;fisAk; nrk;ikahd

nkhopeilapy; Kd;itg;ghu;.

nray; jpwDk; tpisjpwDk; cs;s Nfl;Nghuhfr;

nraw;gLthu;.

re;ju;g;gj;jpw;Fk; #o;epiyf;Fk; Vw;wtifapy;

gz;NghL ciuahLthu;.

vz;zq;fisAk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fisAk; Gyg;gLj;jpg;

gz;NghL NgRthu;.

Fwpj;j tplak; njhlu;ghf ntt;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;

epfo;r;rpfspYk; jkJ fUj;Jf;fis Mw;wYld;

Kd;itg;ghu;.

capu;j;Jbg;Gs;s fl;LUthf;fr; nraw;wpwDila

thrfuhfr; nraw;gLthu;.

Fwpj;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa gpd;dzpia mwpe;J

$Wthu;.

ghlj ;ij mtjhdkhff ; fpufpj ;J vOj;Jg ;

nghwpKiwfisAk; vOj;jhf;f El;gq;fisAk;

mDrupj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

gy;NtW Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jf; fpufpj;J> mtw;wpy;

,lk ; ngWk; nkhopf ; $Wfisg; gFj;Jf ;

fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

Gytu;fs;> gilg;ghspfspdJ gilg;ghw ;wy;

jpwd;fisAk; gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

nrhw;fisg; nghUswpe;J Nru;j;Jk; gpupj;Jk;

vOJthu;.

milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;

,yf;fpak; - tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;,yf;fpak; - tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;,yf;fpak; - tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;,yf;fpak; - tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;,yf;fpak; - tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fs;

nra;As;nra;As;nra;As;nra;As;nra;As;/ ftpij ,yf;fpak;ftpij ,yf;fpak;ftpij ,yf;fpak;ftpij ,yf;fpak;ftpij ,yf;fpak;


ghbatu; :ghbatu; :ghbatu; :ghbatu; :ghbatu; : mk;%tdhu;

(m)(m)(m)(m)(m) fw;ww;NgWfw;ww;NgWfw;ww;NgWfw;ww;NgWfw;ww;NgW

• nra;Ais XirAld; thrpg;ghu;.

• nra;Ais nghUSf;Nfw;g re;jpgpupj;Jk; Njitahdtplj;J nfhz;L

$l;bAk; thrpg;ghu;.

• nra;Aspd; nghUisr; nrhe;j nkhopeilapy; njspthf vOJthu;.

• nra;Aspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;Gf;fis / mzpfis tpsf;Fthu;.

• nra;As; vOe;j fhyg; gFjpia ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wld; ,izj;J

tpsf;Fthu;.

• nra;Aspd; ,yf;fzf; $Wfis tpsf;Fthu;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :

rq;ffhyg; Gytu;fs; ghba nra;As;fSs; xd;gjbiar; rpw;nwy;iyahfTk;

gd;dPubiag; Ngnuy;iyahfTk; cila mfj;jpiziar; rhu;e;j ehD}W

nra;As;fs; mlq;fpa njhFg;G ew;wpizahFk;. nra;As;fs; ahTk;

mftw;ghtpy; mike;Js;sd.

~nghq;Fjpiu........| vd;W njhlq;Fk; ew;wpizr; nra;Aisg; ghbatu;

mk;%tdhu; Mthu;. mtu; Nruehl;ltu; vd;gu;. mtuJ ,aw;ngau; %tdhu;.

~mk;| vd;gJ rpwg;Gg; ngauhFk;.

mk;%tdhu; Nrud;> ghz;bad;> kiyakhd; MfpNahuhy; Mjupf;fg;ngw;wtu;.

mtu; njhz;b> khe;ij> nfhw;if> NfhtY}u; Kjypa Ng&u;fisr; rpwg;gpj;Jg;

ghbAs;shu;. Iq;FWE}w;wpd; nea;jy; jpiz gw;wpa E}W nra;As;fSk;

mfehD}W FWe;njhif> ew;wpiz Mfpatw;Wl; rpy nra;As;fSk; ,tuhy;

ghlg;gl;litahFk;. ew;wpizapy; mtuhy; ghlg;gl;l nra;As;fs; 04> 35>

76> 138 Mfpa ,yf;fq;fSf;Fupadthf cs;sd. mtw;Ws; 76 MtJ

nra;As; ghiyj; jpiziar; rhu;;e;jJ. Vida %d;Wk; nea;jy; jpiziar;

rhu;e;jit. khe;ijj; Jiwapd; moif 35 MtJ nra;Aspy; kpfTk;

rpwg;ghf mtu; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;whu;.

j pizjpizjpizjpizjpiz ::::: nea;jy;

JiwJiwJiwJiwJiw ::::: kzkidf;F gpd;ndhUehs; nrd;w Njhop> ~jiytpia ed;F

Mw;Wtpj;jha;| vd;W $wpa jiytDf;Ff; $wpaJ.

ew;wpizew;wpizew;wpizew;wpizew;wpiz

~~~~~~~~~~nghq;F jpiu................nghq;F jpiu................nghq;F jpiu................nghq;F jpiu................nghq;F jpiu................|||||||||| 35 Mk; ghly;


tpsf;fk; :tpsf;fk; :tpsf;fk; :tpsf;fk; :tpsf;fk; : kzk; nra;J jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;wjd;gpd; xUehs;

mtSila Njhop mtu;fsJ ,y;yj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whs;. ~eP

,Jtiu jiytpia ed;F Mw;Wtpj;jha;| vd;W jiytd;

Njhopaplk; $wpanghOJ Njhop> jiytdpd; rhy;igg; GfOk;

tifapy; ,t;thW $Wfpd;whs;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• jiytdpd; rpWgpupitAk; jhq;ftpayhj jiytpapd; epiy.

• jiytd; jiytpf;fpilNaahd md;gpd; neUf;fk;.

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;

• rk;gtq;fis tpsf;Ftjw;F> ,aw;if epfo;r;rpfisf; fUtpahf;fy;.

mtw;wpD}lhf cupg;nghUis tpsf;Fjy;.

• Njhop$w;whfr; nrhy;Yjy;

- khe;ijAld; njhlu;GgLj;jp> mq;F elf;Fk; ,aw;if epfo;r;rpfisf;

fhl;LtjD}lhfj; jiytpf;F Neu;e;jdtw;iwg; Gytu; $Wfpd;whu;.

- cs;Siw ctik %yk; $wy;: ehtw; fdp jiytpahfTk; tz;L

NjhopahfTk; mytd; (ez;bid) jkuhfTk; ehiu jiytdhfTk;

cs;Siwahff; nfhs;sg;gLtijf; fhzyhk;.

- ehtw;fdpia tz;L nkha;j;jhw; Nghy> jiytpiaj; Njhop

#o;e;jpUe;jhs;. mytidg; Nghy jku; Jd;gk; tpisj;jdu;> ehiu

vdj; jiytd; tu jkUk; jiytDf;Nf jiytpia kzk; nra;J

itj;J mtu;fis xd;W Nru;j;jdu;.

- ~~cioapw; Nghfh jspg;gpDQ; rpwpa

fl;fsp nrUf;fj; jd;d

fhkq;nfhy; ,ts; fz;gre;jJNt||-

vd;W Njhop $w;whfg; Gytu; ghbAs;shu;. fs;shNyh

fhkj;jhNyh my;y@ jiytDila gpuptpj;JaupdhNyNa fz; gre;jJ

vd;w fUj;Jg;glf; $Wtjhf mikfpwJ.

- ~~JiwnfO khe;ijad;d ,ts; eyk;

gz;Lk; ,w;Nw fz;brpd;...........|| -

mfg;ghly;fspy; jiytpapd; eyd;> gpugykhd JiwKfg;

gl;bdq;fs;> ntw;wpj;jpUefu;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; xg;gplg;gLjy; kughFk;.

- ~~.............. goQ; nrj;Jg;

gy;fhy; mytd; nfhz;l Nfhl;F||-

vd;W Njhop $w;whfg; Gytu; $Wk; mbfSk; jiytpapd;

epiyikiaf; fhl;Ltjhf mikfpwJ.


(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;

• thu; kzy; - (ePuhy;) thug;gl;l kzy;

• Gd;fhy; ehty; - rpwpa mbkuj;ij cila ehty; kuk;

• ,Uq;fdp - fupa gok;

• Jk;gp - tz;L

• nrj;J - fUjp

• mytd; - ez;L

• jku; - ngw;Nwhu; / cwtpdu;

• euk;gpd; ,kpUk;G+ry; - ahNohir Nghy kpf;F xypf;Fk; Ngnuhyp

(C)(C)(C)(C)(C) fzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPL

1 nra;Ais XirAld; thrpf;Ff.

2 nra;Aisg; nghUSf;Nfw;g re;jpgpupj;Jk; Njitahdtplj;Jf; nfhz;L

$l;bAk; thrpf;Ff.

3 khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jg; gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfs;

njhlu;ghff; fye;Jiuahbg; ngwg;gl;l tplaq;fis mwpf;ifg;gLj;jp

Kd;itf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.

(m) - fiuapy; tpOe;j ehtw;gok;

- jiytpf;F Neu;e;j epiyik

- flw;fiuf;fhl;rp

- jiytpapd; epiyia Njhop> jku;> jiytd; vd;Nghu;

mZFk; tpjk;

- Njhopapd; tfpghfk;

(M) nra;Aspd; rpwg;G.

(,) nra;Aspd; nghUs;.


(m)(m)(m)(m)(m) fw;ww;NgW :fw;ww;NgW :fw;ww;NgW :fw;ww;NgW :fw;ww;NgW :

• Fwl;ghf;fis XirAld; thrpg;ghu;.

• Fwl;ghf;fis re;jpgpupj;Jk; Njitahdtplj;J nfhz;L $l;bAk;

thrpg;ghu;.

• Fwl;ghf;fspd; nghUisj; jdJ nrhe;j nkhopeilapy; vOJthu;.

• Fwl;ghf;fspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;Gf;fisAk; mzpfisAk; tpsf;Fthu;.

• mjpfhu itg;GKiwgw;wpf; $Wthu;.

• Xu; mjpfhuj;jpy; jpUts;Stu; $wte;j tplaq;fis tFj;Jk;

njhFj;Jk;; $Wkhw;iw vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

• jpUf;Fwspd; cs;slf;fj;ij ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wld; xd;wpizj;J

Nehf;Fthu;.

• Xu; mjpfhuj;jpy; jpUts;Stu; $wte;j tplaq;fis tFj;Jk;

njhFj;Jk;; $Wkhw;i Fwl;ghf;fspd; ,yf;fzf; $Wfis vLj;J

tpsf;Fthu;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :

murd; xUtd; Kiwahd Ml;rpapid elhj;Jtjw;Fj; Jizahf xd;Wld;

xd;W njhlu;Ggl;l mq;fq;fs; MwpdJ ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLtJ

mq;ftpayhFk;. mq;ftpaypDs; 32 mjpfhuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cau;ju

tFg;gpw;F mq;ftpaypy; 10 mjpfhuq;fs; kl;LNk xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws;

06 mjpfhuq;fs; 12 Mk; juj;jpw;F xJf;fg;gl;ld. 13 Mk; juj;jpw;F

kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;> Fwpg;G mwpjy;> mit mwpjy;> mit mQ;rhik

Mfpa ehd;F mjpfhuq;fs; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Fws;fs; njhlu;ghff; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLk; NghJ

ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; gw;wp 12 Mk; ju Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G

topfhl;bapy; tpupthfj; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit:Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit:Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit:Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit:Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit:

I kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.

mikr;rd; xUtd; murNdhL ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kiw.

(xUtd; jd; NkyjpfhupfNshL ele;J nfhs;s Ntzba Kiw

vd;W nfhz;lhYk; nghUj;jkhdJ)

II Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;

murd; fUj;jpid / vz;zj;jpid mtd; ntspg;gilahff; $whkNy

Cfpj;J mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; mt;thW mwpe;J

nfhs;tjd; rpwg;Gk;.

(rhjhuzkhf xUtd; gpwUila cs;sf; Fwpg;gpid mwpe;J

nfhs;tijAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;)

jpUf;Fws;jpUf;Fws;jpUf;Fws;jpUf;Fws;jpUf;Fws;


III mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;

murdJ rigapy; ,Uf;Fk; Vida gpujhdpfspd; (murrig)

,ay;gpid mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ.

(ngupNahu;fs; $bapUf;Fk; rigapy; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lnkd;gJ)

IV mit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhik

mur rigapy; xU fUj;ij Kd;itf;f Ntz;ba ,lj;J me;jr;

rigf;F mQ;rhJ jhd; $wte;j tplaj;ijj; Jzpe;J $Wjy;.

(ngupNahu;fs; $bapUf;Fk; rigapy; jhd; $wte;j tplaj;ijj;

Jzpe;J $wNtz;Lk; vd;gJ)

(< )(< )(< )(< )(< ) nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;

• mzpfisf; ifahSjy;.

• tFj;Jk; njhFj;Jk; $Wjy;

• rpwe;j nrhy;yhl;rp

• mOj;jpf; $Wjy;

• RUq;fpa nrhy;ypy; tpupe;j nghUs;.....

11111 ctik mzpfisf; ifahSjy;.ctik mzpfisf; ifahSjy;.ctik mzpfisf; ifahSjy;.ctik mzpfisf; ifahSjy;.ctik mzpfisf; ifahSjy;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :

I kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy; - ~~mfyhJ mZfhJ jPf;fha;thu;||kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy; - ~~mfyhJ mZfhJ jPf;fha;thu;||kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy; - ~~mfyhJ mZfhJ jPf;fha;thu;||kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy; - ~~mfyhJ mZfhJ jPf;fha;thu;||kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOFjy; - ~~mfyhJ mZfhJ jPf;fha;thu;||

khWghLila Nte;juplk; mikr;ru; kpf ePq;fhkYk; kpf mZfhkYk;

,Ug;gjw;F ctikahf ~jPapy; Fspu;fha;gtu;| gw;wpf; $wg;gl;lJ.

ctkhdk; : mfyhJ mZfhJ jPf;fha;thu;

ctNkak; : mikr;ru;

(Fws; 01)

II Fwpg;G mwpjy; : ~~mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;F||Fwpg;G mwpjy; : ~~mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;F||Fwpg;G mwpjy; : ~~mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;F||Fwpg;G mwpjy; : ~~mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;F||Fwpg;G mwpjy; : ~~mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;F||

ctkhdk; : mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;Fgspq;Fgspq;Fgspq;Fgspq;F

ctNkak; : neQ;rk; fLj;jJ fhl;Lk; Kfk;Kfk;Kfk;Kfk;Kfk;

(Fws; 06)

IIImit mwpjy; : czuty;yhu; Kd; nrhy;Yjiy - gapu;mit mwpjy; : czuty;yhu; Kd; nrhy;Yjiy - gapu;mit mwpjy; : czuty;yhu; Kd; nrhy;Yjiy - gapu;mit mwpjy; : czuty;yhu; Kd; nrhy;Yjiy - gapu;mit mwpjy; : czuty;yhu; Kd; nrhy;Yjiy - gapu;

tsUk; ghj;jpf;F ePu; nrhuptJld; xg;gply;.tsUk; ghj;jpf;F ePu; nrhuptJld; xg;gply;.tsUk; ghj;jpf;F ePu; nrhuptJld; xg;gply;.tsUk; ghj;jpf;F ePu; nrhuptJld; xg;gply;.tsUk; ghj;jpf;F ePu; nrhuptJld; xg;gply;.

ctkhdk; : gapu; tsUk; ghj;jpapy; ePiur; nrhupjy;.ePiur; nrhupjy;.ePiur; nrhupjy;.ePiur; nrhupjy;.ePiur; nrhupjy;.

ctNkak; : jhNk czuty;y mwptpid cilatu; mitapy;

fw;wtu; xd;iwr; nrhy;Yjy;.xd;iwr; nrhy;Yjy;.xd;iwr; nrhy;Yjy;.xd;iwr; nrhy;Yjy;.xd;iwr; nrhy;Yjy;.

(Fws; 08)


IVmit mQ;rhik : rig eLNt mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}iymit mQ;rhik : rig eLNt mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}iymit mQ;rhik : rig eLNt mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}iymit mQ;rhik : rig eLNt mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}iymit mQ;rhik : rig eLNt mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}iy

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; mQ;Rgtd; thSf;F xg;gpLjy;.Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; mQ;Rgtd; thSf;F xg;gpLjy;.Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; mQ;Rgtd; thSf;F xg;gpLjy;.Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; mQ;Rgtd; thSf;F xg;gpLjy;.Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; mQ;Rgtd; thSf;F xg;gpLjy;.

ctkhdk; : gif eLtpy; Ngb ifapy; gpbj;j ths;Ngb ifapy; gpbj;j ths;Ngb ifapy; gpbj;j ths;Ngb ifapy; gpbj;j ths;Ngb ifapy; gpbj;j ths;

ctNkak; : mit eLtpy; mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}y;mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}y;mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}y;mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}y;mQ;Rgtd; fw;w E}y;

(Fws; 07)

22222 tFj;Jk; njhFj;Jk; $Wjy;.tFj;Jk; njhFj;Jk; $Wjy;.tFj;Jk; njhFj;Jk; $Wjy;.tFj;Jk; njhFj;Jk; $Wjy;.tFj;Jk; njhFj;Jk; $Wjy;.


I ~mit mQ;rhik|~mit mQ;rhik|~mit mQ;rhik|~mit mQ;rhik|~mit mQ;rhik|

tFj;jy;tFj;jy;tFj;jy;tFj;jy;tFj;jy; njhFj;jy;njhFj;jy;njhFj;jy;njhFj;jy;njhFj;jy;

1. mit mQ;rhuJ rpwg;G 03 Fws;fs;

2. mjdJ xUrhu; gad; 01 Fws;

3. mjd; fhuzk; 01 Fws;

4. mit mQ;RthuJ ,opT 05 Fws;fs;

33333 rpwe;j nrhw;nlhu;fisf; ifahSjy;rpwe;j nrhw;nlhu;fisf; ifahSjy;rpwe;j nrhw;nlhu;fisf; ifahSjy;rpwe;j nrhw;nlhu;fisf; ifahSjy;rpwe;j nrhw;nlhu;fisf; ifahSjy;


I ~Fwpg;gwpjy;|~Fwpg;gwpjy;|~Fwpg;gwpjy;|~Fwpg;gwpjy;|~Fwpg;gwpjy;|

~~$whik Nehf;fpf; Fwpg;gwpthd; vQ;Qhd;Wk;

khwhePu; itaf;fzpitaf;fzpitaf;fzpitaf;fzpitaf;fzp||

ts;Stu;> Fwpg;gwpthdJ rpwg;igf; $w jbj;j vOj;jpYs;s

nrhw;nwhliuf; ifahz;Ls;sijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

44444 ~mOj;jpf; $Wjy;|~mOj;jpf; $Wjy;|~mOj;jpf; $Wjy;|~mOj;jpf; $Wjy;|~mOj;jpf; $Wjy;|


I ~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;|~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;|~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;|~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;|~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;|

~~nrtpr;nrhy;YQ; Nru;e;j eifAk; mtpj;njhOfy;

Md;w ngupah ufj;J||

muru; / xUtu; fhz> xUtd; nrtpapy; nrhy;YtijAk; mtidg;

ghu;j;J eifg;gijAk; jtpu;j;J> xOFf vd kd;diu / xUtiur;

Nru;e;J xOFgtd; vt;thW ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mOj;jpf;

$wpAs;shu;.

II ~~mitawpe;J Muha;e;J nrhy;Yf|| vd mOj;jpf; $wpAs;shu;.


55555 RUq;fpa nrhy;ypy; tpupe;j nghUs;RUq;fpa nrhy;ypy; tpupe;j nghUs;RUq;fpa nrhy;ypy; tpupe;j nghUs;RUq;fpa nrhy;ypy; tpupe;j nghUs;RUq;fpa nrhy;ypy; tpupe;j nghUs;


I ~~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;||

~~Nghw;wpd; mupait Nghw;wy; fLj;jgpd;

Njw;Wjy; ahu;f;Fk; vspJ||

,q;F> mupait mupait mupait mupait mupait vd;w nrhy;@ mtuhw; nghWj;jw;fupa miwNghjy;>

cupikNahL kUty; mUk;nghUs; ntsty; Kjyhd gytw;iw

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.


I kd;didr; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;didr; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;didr; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;didr; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.kd;didr; Nru;e;J xOFjy;.

,fy; - khWghL

tpiog - tpUk;Gtd

kd;dpa - epiyngw;w

Mf;fk; - nry;tk;

Xuhu; - NfshJ

Ntl;g - tpUk;g

Jsf;F mw;w - epiyngw;w / eLf;fk; mw;w (Jsf;F -

mirT)

nfOjifik - cupik

II Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;Fwpg;G mwpjy;

gspq;F - fz;zhb

fLj;jJ - fLik

ctj;jy; - tpUk;Gjy;

fha;jy; - ntWj;jy;

Ez;zpak; - Ez;zwpT

III mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;mit mwpjy;

,ilnjupe;J - nrt;tpawpe;J / jd;ik mwpe;J

xspahu; - mwptpw; rpwe;jtu;

ntspahu; - mwptpy;yhjtu;

nrwpT - mlf;fk;> neUf;fk;> kpFjp> $l;lk;> cwT

nghr;rhe;Jk; - kwe;Jk;

mq;qzk; - J}a;ikapy;yhj Kw;wk;

IV mit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhikmit mQ;rhik

khw;wk; - tpil

filvd;g - filau; vd;W nrhy;tu;

fsd; - mitf;fsk;



khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> gpd;tUtd njhlu;ghff;

fye;Jiuahb> tplaq;fis Kd;itf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.

1. nra;Ais XirAld; thrpj;jy;.

2. ~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;| vDk; mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;s gj;Jf;

Fws;fisAk; re;jpgpupj;Jk; Njitahdtplj;J nfhz;L

$l;bAk; thrpj;jy;.

3. ~mit mwpjy;| vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;s Kjy; 05

Fws;fspd; nghUis nrhe;j eilapy; vOJjy;.

4. ~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;| mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;s Fws; 01>

~mit mwpjy;| mjpfhuj;jpy; cs;s Fws; 08 vd;gtw;wpYs;s

mzpfs; tpsf;Fjy;.

5. kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;> Fwpg;G mwpjy;> mit mwpjy;>

mit mQ;rhik vd;w mjpfhuq;fspd; itg;GKiw

6. ~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;| vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; jpUts;Stu;

tFj;Jk; njhFj;Jk; $Wk;Kiw.

7. xU mikr;rd;> murNdhL vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij ~kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;| vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy;

$wg;gl;bUf;Fkhw;wpd; rpwg;G



• Gj;jupd; kfpikapidAk; ngsj;j rkaf; fUj;Jf;fisAk; $Wthu;.

• kzpgy;ytr; rpwg;gpid / ghj gPbifapd; rpwg;gpid tpsf;Fthu;.

• kzpNkfiyg; ghj;jpuj;jpd; rpwg;gpidf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• rhj;jdhupd; ftpj;Jtj;jpid tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; kzpNkfiy ngWk; ,lj;jpid kjpg;gpLthu;.

• nra;Asbfspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,yf;fzf; $Wfis tpsf;Fthu;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;

rq;fkUtpa fhyj;jpy; (fp.gp. 3 - fp.gp. 6) tho;e;j kJiuf; $ythzpfd;

rhj;jdhu;. ,aw;wpa fhtpak; kzpNkfiy. rpyg;gjpfhuf; fij khe;juhd

khjtpAk; mts; kfs; kzpNkfiyAk; ngsj;j rq;fj;ijr; rhu;e;J tho;e;j

fij> kzpNkfiy JwnthOf;fk; G+z;L mwtz mbfs; ghy; jUk

cgNjrk; ngw;w fij vd;gd ,e;E}ypy; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;E}Yf;Fj;

JwT capu;ehbahf mikfpwJ.

Kd;fijr; RUf;fk;Kd;fijr; RUf;fk;Kd;fijr; RUf;fk;Kd;fijr; RUf;fk;Kd;fijr; RUf;fk;

Nfhtyd; - khjtpapduJ kfs; kzpNkfiy. NfhtydJ kiwTf;Fg; gpd;

khjtp jtnewpapy; tho;fpwhs;. kzpNkfiyiaAk; mt;topapNy

nrYj;Jfpwhs;.

,sturd; cjaFkhud; kzpNkfiyia tpUk;Gfpd;whd;. kzpNkfiyapd;

Njhop Rjkjp ,sturDf;F ahf;if epiyahik gw;wpf; $Wfpd;whs;.

kzpNkfyhnja;tk;> kzpNkfiyia thd;top nfhz;LNgha; kzpgy;ytj;jpy;

Nru;j;jgpd;> ,utpNy GfhUf;F te;J murFkhuDf;F mwpTiuAk; $WfpwJ.

kzpgy;ytj;jpNy jdpNatplg;gl;l kzpNkfiy Kd;ghf jUkgPbif xd;W

Njhd;WfpwJ. mts;Kd; kzpNkfyh nja;tk; Njhd;wp Kw;gpwg;gpy; mtsJ

fztdhd ,uhFyNd cjaFkhud; vdf; $wp %d;W ke;jpuq;fisAk;

cgNjrpj;J kiwfpwJ.

mq;F mKjRugp vd;w ghj;jpuj;ij kzpNkfiy ngWfpwhs;. gpd;du;

kzpNkfiy thd; topahfr; nrd;W Gfhiu milfpwhs;. (MGj;jpud; -

Gz;zpaurd; Kw;gpwg;gpy; md;dkpl;l ghj;jpuNk mKjRugp)

~~gOjpy; fhl;rp jd; gpwg;Gzu;j;j|| -gOjpy; fhl;rp jd; gpwg;Gzu;j;j|| -gOjpy; fhl;rp jd; gpwg;Gzu;j;j|| -gOjpy; fhl;rp jd; gpwg;Gzu;j;j|| -gOjpy; fhl;rp jd; gpwg;Gzu;j;j|| -

16 mbfs; (MGj;jpuNdhL kzpgy;ytkile;j fhij)

kzpNkfiykzpNkfiykzpNkfiykzpNkfiykzpNkfiy


kzpNkfiy> khjtp> Rjkjp MfpNahu; mwtz mbfisr; re;jpf;fpd;wdu;.

kzpNkfiy mwtz mbfsplk; jdf;F epfo;e;j gytw;iwAk; $Wfpd;whs;.

mtu; Rjkjp> khjtp MfpNahupd; Kw;gpwg;G tuyhw;iwf; $wp mwnewpiaAk;

Nghjpf;fpd;whu;.

MGj;jpud; vd;gtd; rhtfehl;L kd;ddhy; tsu;f;fg;gl;L murdhfTk;

Mf;fg;gLfpd;whd;. mwtz mbfs;> (Gz;zpa mbfs;) kzpNkfiyf;F

MGj;jpudJ Kw;gpwtp tuyhw;iwf; $Wfpd;whu;.

kzpNkfiy gpf;Fzpf; Nfhyj;NjhL mKj Rugpiaf; ifapNye;jpf; nfhz;L

Mjpiu tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W Kjw; gpr;iria vLf;fpd;whs;.

mjd; gpd;du; kzpNkfiy fharz;bifapd; ahidj; jPahfpa ngUk;

grpia ePf;fp> cyf mwtpf;Fr; nrd;W jd;dplk; te;jtu;fspd; grpiag;

Nghf;Ffpwhs;.

kzpNkfiy gpf;Fzpf; Nfhyk; G+z;L gpr;ir Vw;wjidawpe;j khjtpapd;

jha; rpj;jpuhgjp rPw;wk; nfhz;L cjaFkhudplk; kzpNkfiyia milAkhW

$Wfpd;whs;. ,jdhy;> kzpNkfiy fharz;bifapd; cUtk; vLj;J kiwe;J

tho;fpwhs;.

fharz;bifapd; fztdhfpa fhQ;rdd; jdJ kidtpapd; gpd;dhy;

cjaFkhud; jpupfpwhndd epidj;J> mtidf; nfhd;W tpLfpwhd;. ,jdhy;>

kzpNkfiy jpUk;gTk; jd; cUtk; vLj;jhs;. cjaFkhudpd; je;ij>

kzpNkfiyiar; rpiw nra;fpwhd;. murpAk; Jd;gk; ,iof;fpwhs;.

mwtz mbfs; khjtpAld; te;J murpf;F cz;ikia czu;j;jp

kzpNkfiyia tpLtpf;fpd;whu;. kzpNkfiy rhtf ehL nry;fpd;whs;.

kzpNkfiy Gz;zpauhr kd;did (MGj;jpuid) kzpgy;ytj;jpw;F

mioj;J jd; ifapYs;s XL Kw;gpwg;gpy; mtDilaNj vd;Wk;

kzpgy;ytj;Jg; gPbifiaj; njhOJ gok; gpwg;G czUkhWk; $Wfpwhs;.

mjd; gpd; kzpNkfiy Gj;jNjtdpd; ghjgPbifiaf; fz;lhs;. gPbif

mtspd; gioa gpwg;gpid czu;j;jpw;W. Fwpg;gpl;l ,g;gFjp (16 mbfs;)

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


• Gj;jupd; rpwg;G

• kzpgy;ytj;jpd; rpwg;G / ghj gPbifapd; rpwg;G

• kzpNkfiyapd; rpwg;G

• ngsj;j rkaf; fUj;J / mwTiu



• ciuahly; ghq;F - kzpNkfiy MGj;jpuid Nehf;fpf; $Wtjhf

mike;jpUj;jy;

• kzpgy;ytj;jpd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jiuj;jy;.

• fijAs; fijahf kzpNkfiyapd; gok; gpwg;G czu;j;jg;gLjy;.

• Nghjid Kiwapy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fisf; $wy;.


• fyq;fQu; - fyf;fk; jUk; Jd;gk; (fyq;F + mQu;)

• jPtpid - jPa nray;fs;

• fbkpd; - tpl;nlhopAq;fs;

• ,d;dhg; gpwtp - Jd;gq;nfhLf;Fk; gpwtp

• $w;wk; - akd;

• ehf;fbg;ghf - ehNt FWe;jbahf

• tha;g;giw - thahfpa giw (cUtfk;)

• ikaW - fsq;fkw;w

• gPbif - Gj;jdpd; ghjk; cs;s gPlk;


khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jg; gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfs; njhlu;ghff;

fye;Jiuahbg; ngwg;gl;l tplaq;fis mwpf;ifg;gLj;jp Kd;itf;fr;

nra;Aq;fs;.

• ~~gOjpy; fhl;rp jd; gpwg;Gzu;j;j|| vd;w njhlf;fj;jpypUe;J ~~ehf;fbg;ghf

tha;g;giw aiwe;jPu;|| vd;w tiuAs;s gFjpfis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L fye;JiuahLf.

(m) Gj;jupd; rpwg;Gk; ngsj;j rkaf; fUj;JfSk;.

(M) kzpgy;ytj;jpd; rpwg;G

(,) kzpNkfiyapd; rpwg;G

(<) rhj;jdhupd; ftpj;Jtk;

(c) ghlybfspd; nghUs; (nrhe;j ciueilapy;)



• ,uhkdJ cau;e;j gz;Gk; ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jKk; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;s

tpjj;ij $Wthu;.

• ,uhkdpd; gl;lhgpN\fj;jpw;fhf efuj;jhu; jahuhdik tUzpf;fg;

gl;bUf;Fkhw;iw vLj;J tpsf;Fthu;.

• NjupNywp tPjptopNa nrd;w ,uhkidf; fz;l kf;fsJ epiygw;wp

vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

• 67-115 tiuapyhd ghly;fspy; jhk; ,urpj;j fl;lq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L

tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,uhkd;> ifNfap> Rke;jpud; Mfpa fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; Fzg;gz;Gfis

tpku;rpg;ghu;.

• fk;guJ ftpj;Jtk; gw;wp tpsf;fp vOJthu;.

• Nrho rhk;uh[;aj;jpd; murpay;> nghUshjhu> fyhrhu mk;rq;fis

vLj;Jiug;ghu;.

• ghly;fspd; ,yf;fzf; $Wfis tpsf;Fthu;.


1-66 tiuapyhd ghly;fspy; ifNfap jd; Nfhyk; rpijj;jy;> jrujd;

mtisj; Njw;wy;> gujDf;Fg; gl;lk; fl;lTk; ,uhkidf; fhl;bw;F mDg;gTk;

Mfpa ,uz;L tuq;fisf; ifNfap jrujdplk; Nfl;ly;> jrujd; Nrhfj;jhy;

Jd;Gwy;> tuk; nfhLj;jgpd; jrujd; %u;r;rpj;J tpoy;> fhiy Neu tUzid

Mfpad vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.

67-115 tiuahd ghly;fspy; ,uhkdpd; gl;lhgpN\fj;jpw;fhf midtUk;

kfpo;Tld; jahuhjy;> trpl;ld; fl;lisg;gb Rke;jpud; jrujid miof;fr;

nry;yy;> gpd;du; ifNfapapd; fl;lisg;gb Rke;jpud; ,uhkid miof;fr;

nry;yy;> je;ijapd; fl;lisnadf; ifNfap ,uhkidg; gjpdhd;F tUlq;fs;

tdthrk; nry;Yk;gb $wy;> ,uhkd; mf;fl;lisia Kfkyu;r;rpAld;

Vw;wy; vd;gd fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.


• ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jk;

• ,uhkdJ cau;e;j gz;Gfs;> rpwg;Gf;fs;

• ,uhkd; kPJ mNahj;jp kf;fs; nfhz;l tpUg;G.

fk;guhkhazk;fk;guhkhazk;fk;guhkhazk;fk;guhkhazk;fk;guhkhazk;ifNfap #o;tpidg;glyk; (67 - 115)



• ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jk; ntspg;gLkhW:ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jk; ntspg;gLkhW:ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jk; ntspg;gLkhW:ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jk; ntspg;gLkhW:ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jk; ntspg;gLkhW:

1.11.11.11.11.1 nrhy;yhl;rp :nrhy;yhl;rp :nrhy;yhl;rp :nrhy;yhl;rp :nrhy;yhl;rp :

- ~ngz;bupw; $w;wkd;dhs;| (83)

- ~Jz;nzDQ; nrhy;yhs;.....| (88)

- ~jhnad epidthd; Kd;Nd $w;nwdj; jkpas; te;jhs;| (107)

- ~,Uk;gpdh dpad;w neQ;rpd; nfhd;W coy;

$w;wk; vd;Dk; ngau; ,d;wp nfhLik G+z;lhs;| (109)

1.21.21.21.21.2 mtsJ nray;fs;> $Wk; thu;j;ijfs; :mtsJ nray;fs;> $Wk; thu;j;ijfs; :mtsJ nray;fs;> $Wk; thu;j;ijfs; :mtsJ nray;fs;> $Wk; thu;j;ijfs; :mtsJ nray;fs;> $Wk; thu;j;ijfs; :

,uhkd;> jrujidr; re;jpf;ftplhJ jhNd Kd;nry;yy; gujd; muR

Gupa eP jtf;Nfhyj;Jld; gjpdhd;F tUlq;fs; tdthrQ; nra;a

Ntz;Lnkd;gJ muru; fl;lisnadf; $wy; (ifNfap $w;W)

II ,uhkdJ cau;e;j gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLkhW:,uhkdJ cau;e;j gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLkhW:,uhkdJ cau;e;j gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLkhW:,uhkdJ cau;e;j gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLkhW:,uhkdJ cau;e;j gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLkhW:

• ,uhkDk; ,yf;FkzDk; ifNfapapd; muz;kidf;Fs; GFtJ

~~jhnad epidthd; ....... tha;nghj;jp> Fdpe;J epw;wy;...||

• ~je;ij cd;dplk; nrhy;YkhW XUiuAz;L| vdf; ifNfap $wpa

nghOJ> ,uhkd; $wpa gzpthd gjpy;. (110)

~~ve;ijNa VtePu; ciunra ,iatJz;Nly; ca;e;jdd;||

~~je;ijAk; jhAk; ePNu jiy epd;Nwd; gdpkpndd;whd;||

• ~~ehl;ilg; gujNd MsNtz;Lk;@ eP gjpdhd;F tUlq;fs; tdthrk;

nra;aNtz;Lk;|| vd;W ifNfap fl;lisapl;lnghOJ> ,uhkdJ

Kfkyu;r;rpiaf; fhl;Ltjd; %yk; mtdJ rpwe;j gz;ig tpgupj;jy;. (112)

ifNfapapd; thu;j;ijfisf; Nfl;lJk; ,uhkdJ Kfkyu;r;rp

mg;nghOJ kyu;e;j nre;jhkiuapd; moiff; $l ntd;Wtpl;lJ.

• ~~gpd;dtd; ngw;w nry;tk; mbaNdd; ngw;wjd;Nwh|| - vd;w thu;j;ijg;

gpuNahfk;.

(jk;gp kPjhd ghrk;> tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kNdhghtk;)

• je;ijapd; fl;lisg;gb gujDf;F ,uhr;rpaj;ij tpl;Lf;nfhLj;J>

kf po ;r ; r pahfNt tpilngWk ; ,uhkdJ gz;ig fk ;gu ;

ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shu; (114)

rpwg;Gf;fs;rpwg;Gf;fs;rpwg;Gf;fs;rpwg;Gf;fs;rpwg;Gf;fs; :::::

• ,uhkdpd; gl;lhgpN\fk; Fwpj;J efuj;jhu; milAk; FJ}fyj;ij

$WKfkhf ,uhkdpd; caupa Fzq;fs; Gyg;gLj;jg;gly;.

• NjupNywp tPjptopNa nrd;w ,uhkidf; fz;l kf;fs; epiyia

gy;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; $WtjD}lhf ,uhkdpd; Fzg;gz;ig

tpgupj;jy;.

• ehlfg; ghq;fpy; fhl;rpfis mikj;J fijia efu;j;jpr; nry;yy;.



• ,d;dNtiy - ,g;gbg;gl;lNeuk; • VONtiy - VOfly;

• ,kpo;jpiu - xypf;fpd;w miy • guit - fly;

• jtsk; - ntz;ik • epUju; - uh~ru;fs;

• nksyp - fpuPlk; / Kb • msf;fu; - fly;

• G+upj;J - epiwj;J • ty;iy - tpiuT

• epte;j - cau;e;j • Nfhapy; - muz;kid

• mdq;fd; - kd;kjd; • thsp - ghzk;/mk;G

• Gay; - ePu; • thuzk; - ahid

• fuh - Kjiy • Muzk; - Ntjk;

• fYo - rpe;j • mtdp - G+kp

• rpe;Juk; - jpyfk; • tak; - ntw;wp

• fQYk; - tpsq;Fk; • mly; - ntw;wp

• Gutyu; - muru; • nrd;dp - jiy

• jhid - Mil • nrt;tp - moF> Neu;j;jp

• jhij - je;ij


I khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jg; gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfs; njhlu;ghff;


nra;Aq;fs;.

1. ,uhkDila cau;e;j gz;GfSk; mit rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpjKk;.

2. ifNfapapd; fbd rpj;jKk; mjidf; fk;gu; rpj;jpupf;Fk; tpjKk;.

3. ,uhkdpd; gl;lhgpN\fj;jpw;fhfj; jahuhd efuj;jhu; mile;j

kfpo;r;rpepiy gw;wpa tu;zid

4. Rke;jpudpd; miog;gpd;Ngupy; ,uhkd; NjupNywp cyhg;NghFk; NghJ

mjidf; fz;l kf;fspd; epiy gw;wpa tu;zid.

5. 67 - 115 tiuahd ghly;fspy; ePq;fs; kpfTk; ,urpj;Jg; gbj;j fl;lq;fSk;

mjw;fhd fhuzq;fSk;

6. gpd;tUk; fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; Fzhjpraq;fs; gw;wpa cq;fs; tpku;rdk;.

(m) ,uhkd;

(M) ifNfap

(,) Rke;jpud;

7. fk;guJ ftpj;Jtk; gw;wpa tpku;rdk;

8. ehlfg; ghq;fpy; ,e;jg;gFjp mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpjk;.


II tpz;ztu; tpRk;G J}u;j;jhu; tpupjpiu ALj;j Nfhy kz;ztu; jpirKf

Nru;j;jhu;. kq;fy kpirf;FQ; rq;fq; fz;zfd; Kurp Ndhij fz;ltu;

nrtpf ^u;j;j vz;zUq; fdf khup naOjpiuf; flYe; J}u;j;j.

1. i. kq;fy kpirf;Fk;

ii. vz;zUk;

2. tpupjpiu> fdfkhup> vOjpiu> KurpNdhij - ,yf;fzk; $Wf.

3. gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisg; gFgj cWg;Gfshfg; gpupj;Jf; fhl;Lf.

fz;ltu;> tpz;ztu;

4. flYe;J}u;j;j - ,q;F te;Js;s ck; ,ilr;nrhy; czu;j;Jk; nghUs;

vd;d?

5. ,r;nra;Aspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s thf;fpaq;fis ,dq;fz;L vOJf.

Gzu;r;rp tpjp $Wf.



• egpfs; ehafj;jpd; rpwg;gpidf; $Wthu;.

• nra;As;fspD}lhf tul;rpapd; nfhLik rpj;jpupf;fg;gLkhw;iw tpsf;Fthu;.

• tul;rpapd; nfhLikiag; Gyg;gLj;j ftpQu; ifahz;l cj;jpfis

Mjhuq;fSld; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• nra;As;fspy; ,lk; ngWk; muGr; nrhw;fspd; nghUspidf; $Wthu;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :E}y; mwpKfk; :

,iwtdpd; jpUj;J}ju; K`k;kj; (]y; - miy) mtu;fspd; tuyhw;wpidf;

$Wk; E}y; rPwhg;Guhzk;. rPwh vd;gjw;F tho;f;if vd;W nghUs;.

Guhzk; vd;gJ tuyhW. vdNt> rPwhg;Guhzk; vd;gjw;F K`k;kj; (]y;

- miy) mtu;fspd; tho;f;if tuyhW vd;W nghUs;. egpfs; ehafk;

(]y; - miy) mtu;fspd; gpwg;G> jpUkzk;> Mw;wy;> ntw;wp vd;gd

rPwhg;Guhzj;jpNy mofhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;E}y; gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bd;

gpw;gFjpf;FupaJ. tpyhjj;Jf; fhz;lk;> EGt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk;> `p[;uj;Jf;

fhz;lk; vd;w %d;W ngUk; gpupTfisAk; nfhz;lJ. ,J 92 glyq;fspy;

5027 tpUj;jg;ghf;fisf; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

rPwhg;Guhzk; vDk; fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpatu;> vl;ilaGu rk];jhdj;jpd;

M];jhd ftpQuhf tpsq;fpa ckWg; Gytu; Mthu;. ,tu; jpUney;NtypapNy

vl;ilaGuj;ij mLj;j ehfyhj Guj;ijr; Nru;e;j nra;F Kjypahupd;

kfdhf (fp.gp) `p[;up 1052 ,y; gpwe;jhu;. ,tu; fbifKj;Jg; Gytupd;

jiyrpwe;j khzhf;fu; Mthu;. jdJ gjpdhwhtJ tajpNy thiy thUjp

vDk; ngUk; Gytid thjpNy ntw;wp nfhz;ltu;. NrJ ehl;bNy jiyik

mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j nra;F mg;Jy; fhjpu; kiuf;fhu; mtu;fNs ckWg;

GytUf;Fr; rPwhg;Guhzk; ghl tif nra;J nfhLj;jhu; vd;gu;.

fLk; tul;rp Vw;gbd; ,iwtidj; njhOJ> kd;whb mjid ePf;FkhW

Nfl;gJ K];ypk;fspd; tof;fkhFk;. kf;fs; vy;NyhUk; xd;W jpuz;L

jkJ fhy; eilfisj; jpwe;j ntspf;F mioj;J te;J kio Ntz;bg;

gpuhu;j;jpj;J ~]yhj;Jy; ,];jp];fh,| vDk; njhOifiaAk; epiwNtw;Wtu;.

mg;gbr; nra;jhy; kiofpilf;Fk; vd;gJ mtu;fsJ ek;gpf;ifahFk;. xU

ehs; nts;spf;fpoik egpfs; ehafk; (]y; - miy) mtu;fs; gpurq;fk;

nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mg;NghJ ~Riyf;F| vd;w Njhou; ePz;l ehs;

kio ,y;yhky; jhk; tUe;JtjhfTk; vdNt kio Ntz;bg;

gpuhu;j;jpf;FkhWk; egpfs; ehafj;jplk; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhu;. mg;NghJ

egpatu;fs; kio Ntz;bg; gpuhu;j;jpf;f kio nga;J khdpyk; nropj;jikiaf;

$WtNj kioaiog;gpj;j glykhFk;.

rPwhg;Guhzk;rPwhg;Guhzk;rPwhg;Guhzk;rPwhg;Guhzk;rPwhg;Guhzk;kioaiog;gpj;j glyk;kioaiog;gpj;j glyk;kioaiog;gpj;j glyk;kioaiog;gpj;j glyk;kioaiog;gpj;j glyk;



• egpfs; ehafj;jpd; rpwg;Gfs;

• tul;rpapd; nfhLik.

• tul;rpahy; kf;fs; mile;j Jd;gq;fs;

• tul;rpapd; nfh^uj;ij mwpe;j egpfs; ehafk; (]y; - miy) mtu;fs;

epfo;j;jpa mw;Gjk;.

• kio nghope;jJk; nts;sk; epuk;gp XbaJk;.


• tul;rpapd; nfhLik ,uq;fj;jf;fjhf tpgupf;fg;gLjy;.tul;rpapd; nfhLik ,uq;fj;jf;fjhf tpgupf;fg;gLjy;.tul;rpapd; nfhLik ,uq;fj;jf;fjhf tpgupf;fg;gLjy;.tul;rpapd; nfhLik ,uq;fj;jf;fjhf tpgupf;fg;gLjy;.tul;rpapd; nfhLik ,uq;fj;jf;fjhf tpgupf;fg;gLjy;.

• (,aw;if> kdpjg; gz;Gfspd; tPo;r;rp> tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs;>

Kjypatw;wpd; ,uq;fj;jf;f epfo;r;rpfs;)

,aw;if tUe;JtjhfTk; Jd;gk; miltjhfTk; $wpAs;shu;.

• ~~fUikNru; ngupa Nkjp fgpiyA eWk;ghy; tw;wp

aUikah aPd;w fd;Wk; thDy fjdpw; nry;y||

• ~~Cdw nkype;J Gyhy; nghjpe; jpUe;j

TlyK nkd;GU thfp.....||

• mzpfspd; gpuNahfk;mzpfspd; gpuNahfk;mzpfspd; gpuNahfk;mzpfspd; gpuNahfk;mzpfspd; gpuNahfk;

• ~~tpfpyw ntLj;J kdkpir Gijj;Njh

upjagq; ifaq;fspg; ngd;d||

• ~~jiykf tspf;fj; jha;kidf; Fw;w

jidas;Nghw; wiukpir........||

• gf;jp czu;T jJk;Gk; nrhw;fspd; gpuNahfk;gf;jp czu;T jJk;Gk; nrhw;fspd; gpuNahfk;gf;jp czu;T jJk;Gk; nrhw;fspd; gpuNahfk;gf;jp czu;T jJk;Gk; nrhw;fspd; gpuNahfk;gf;jp czu;T jJk;Gk; nrhw;fspd; gpuNahfk;

• ~~flTNs! Ntjq;fspd; tho;Nt ! vt;tplj;jpYk;

gutp epd;w Fiwtw;w nghUNs||

• ~~Gz;zpaKk;> QhdKk;> rd;khu;f;fKk; .........nja;tPfj;

jd;ik jhq;fpa egpfs; ehafNk||

• kio nts;sg; gputhfKk; FJ}fyKk;kio nts;sg; gputhfKk; FJ}fyKk;kio nts;sg; gputhfKk; FJ}fyKk;kio nts;sg; gputhfKk; FJ}fyKk;kio nts;sg; gputhfKk; FJ}fyKk;


• KdpT - Nfhgk;

• kiw - Gdpj Fu;Md; vDk; Ntjk;

• fPu;j;jp - Gfo;

• mupitau; - ngz;fs;

• nel;Lapu;g;G - ngU%r;R

• Gzup - fly;


• espu; Gdy; - Fspu; ePu;

• fak; - Fsk;

• tpRk;G - thdk;

• klthu; - ngz;fs;

• eWk;ghy; - Rit kpf;f ghy;

muGr; nrhw;fs;muGr; nrhw;fs;muGr; nrhw;fs;muGr; nrhw;fs;muGr; nrhw;fs;

• GWf;fhd; - K];ypk;fspd; NtjE}yhd Gdpj Fu;Md;

• Fj;gh - nts;spf;fpoik ez;gfy; Neuk; gs;spthrypy;

,lk; ngWk; gpurq;fk;

• kpk;gu; - gs;spthrypy; cs;s gpurq;f Nkil

• egp - ,iwJ}ju;

• JM - gpuhu;j;jid

• jPd; - rd;khu;f;fk;

• rFgpkhu;> mR`hgpkhu; - egpfshupd; Njhou;fisr; Rl;LtJ

• Riyf;F - xUtupd; ngau;

• `gPg; ,w#y; - my;yh ;̀tpd; J}juhd K`k;kJ egpatu;fs;




nra;Aq;fs;.

• kio ,d;ikahy; ,aw;ifAk; capu;fSk; mile;j Jd;gk;

• mjpfkhf kio nga;jjhy; capupdq;fs; mile;j Jd;gk;

• 1-5 tiuAs;s nra;As;fspd; nghUs;

• ghly;fspy; ifahsg;gl;Ls;s mzpfs;

• ,uq;fy;> gf;jp> FJ}fy czu;Tfs; Gyg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjk;



• mUk;gjq;fspd; nghUs; $Wthu;.

• ghlypd; nghUisf; $Wthu;.

• ftpQu; jhk; $wte;j tplaj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpf; ifahz;l cj;jpfis

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

• ghlypNy fhzg;gLk; rpwg;Gf;fis ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

• gad;ghl;L ,yf;fz tplaq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yf;fpa tuyhw;iwAk; ,g;ghlw;gug;igAk; njhlu;GWj;jp Nehf;Fthu;.


ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp fk;guhy; ghlg;gl;ljhff; nfhs;sg;gLk; jdpg;ghly;fs;;

rpy cs;sd. Nrhodpd; muritapy; mtDila el;igg; ngw;w Gytuhff;

fk;gu; tpsq;fpdhu;. xU rkak; kd;dDf;Fk; fk;gUf;Fk; ,ilNa Kuz;ghL

Vw;gl;ltplj;J Nrhod; fk;giu mtkjpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ele;J nfhz;lhndd;Wk;

mr;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; fk;gu; ,g;ghliyg; ghbdhu; vd;Wk; jdpg;ghly; jpul;by;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.


• Ra nfsutj;Jf;Fg; gq;fk; Vw;gl;l ,lj;Jg; gpwe;j NfhgKk; jdJ

ftpj;Jtj;jpy; nfhz;l jd;dk;gpf;ifNahL $ba ngUkpjKk;.


• jdf;F Kd;dhy; cs;stu; murdhf ,Ug;gpDk; mtiu vjpu;;j;Jf;

$Wk; kNdhjplk;.

(kd;dtDk; ePNah tsehLk; epd;dNjh - vd;gjpYs;s vjpu;;g;Gzu;Tk;

VsdKk; mQ;rhikAk;)

• ~~~~~epd;id mwpe;Njh jkpio XjpNdhk;|; vd;gjpy; jdJ Gyikj;Jtj;ij

ngupjhff; $wy; (ngUkpjk;)

• nghJthfg; gof;fj;jpYs;s gonkhopAld; xg;gpl;L fw;Nwhu;f;Fr;

nrd;wtplnky;yhk; rpwg;G vd;gijj; jplkhff; $Wjy;.

jhtptUk; Fuq;if Vw;fhJ kWf;fpd;w kuf;fpis vq;FKz;Nlh?

(jkpo;g; Gytdpd; MSik> vjpu;g;Gzu;T> ngUkpjk;> ek;gpf;if>

Ranfsutk; vd;gtw;iw ,g;ghly; gytifapYk; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ)

Fwpg;G : ,g;ghliy Gytdpd; tpuf;jpapd; ntspg;ghlhfg; nghUs; nfhs;thUKsu;.

jdpg;ghly; jpul;Ljdpg;ghly; jpul;Ljdpg;ghly; jpul;Ljdpg;ghly; jpul;Ljdpg;ghly; jpul;L

kd;dtDk; ePNah........ kd;dtDk; ePNah........ kd;dtDk; ePNah........ kd;dtDk; ePNah........ kd;dtDk; ePNah........ - fk;gu;



• nfhk;G - kuf;fpis

• tsehL - tsk; nghUe;jpa ehL




nra;Aq;fs;.

• fk;gupd; kdTzu;T ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s tpjk;.

• ~Fuq;F Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj nfhk;G| ~tpiue;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj Nte;J|

vd;w njhlu;fs; ntspg;gLj;Jk; nghUSk; rpwg;Gk;.

• ~fw;NwhUf;Fr; nrd;wtplnky;yhk; rpwg;G| vd;w njhlUf;Fk;

~tpiue;Njw;Wf; nfhs;shj Nte;Jz;Nlh| vd;w njhlUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

nghUj;jg;ghL.

(m)(m)(m)(m)(m) mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;

fhsNkfg; Gytu; ftpr;Rit kpf;f ghly;fs; gytw;iwg; ghbAs;shu;. ,tu;

tirf;ftp ghLtjpy; Gfo; ngw;wtu;. xUjlit> jpUkiyuhad; vd;w

rpw;wuridf; fhz fhsNkfg; Gytu; nrd;wNghJ> muritapypUe;j Gytu;fs;

jhq;fs; $Wk; epge;jidfSf;F mikag; ghly;fisg; ghLkhW $wp

mtuJ tpj;Jtj; jd;ikiar; Nrhjpf;f Kad;wdu; vd;Wk; fhsNkfg;

Gytu; mg;Gytu;fs; $wpa tpjpg;gb ghly;fis clDf;Fld; ghbj; jdJ

tpj;Jtr; rpwg;ig ntspg;gLj;jpdhu; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. Njq;fha;f;Fk;

eha;f;Fk; cs;s xw;Wikiar; rpNyilahfg; ghLk;gb Nfl;fg;gl;l

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ghlg;gl;l ghly; ,JthFk;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• Njq;fha;f;Fk; eha;f;Fk; ,ilNaahd xw;Wikiar; rpNyilg; ghly;

%yk; ghbj; jdJ tpj;Jtj; jd;ikia ntspg;gLj;jy;.

XLk; ,Uf;Fk;......... -XLk; ,Uf;Fk;......... -XLk; ,Uf;Fk;......... -XLk; ,Uf;Fk;......... -XLk; ,Uf;Fk;......... - fhsNkfg; Gytu;


ghlybghlybghlybghlybghlyb Njq;fha;Njq;fha;Njq;fha;Njq;fha;Njq;fha; eha;eha;eha;eha;eha;

XLk; ,Uf;Fk;

cs;tha;

ntSj;jpUf;Fk;

ehLq;Fiy jdf;F

ehzhJ

Nkw;Gwj;jpy; XL

,Uf;Fk;.

cl;Gwk; ntz;ikahf

(gUg;G) ,Uf;Fk;

tpUk;gg;gLk; Njq;fha;f;

Fiyapy; tisahJ

,Uf;Fk;

tpiuthf XLk;

fisg;gile;jhy; ,Uf;Fk;.

thapd; cl;gf;fk; ntz;ik

epwkhf ,Uf;Fk;

kf;fis ehLk;

Fiyg;gjpy; ntl;fkilahJ.

(Fiu)

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk; - - - - - ,ul;Lw nkhopjy; - rpNyil


• XL - NkNyhL@ XLjy;

• Fiy - Njq;fha;f; Fiy@ eha; Fiyj;jy;

• Nrb - Njhop

• nrg;G - $W (tpid)

Fiuj;jy; - Fiyj;jy; vdg; Nghypahf te;Js;sJ.




nra;Aq;fs;.

• ghlypd; nghUs;.

• rpNyilahff; $wpa Kiw.

• rpNyilg;ghly;fspy; ntspg;gLk; Gyikj; jpwd;.


xUrkak; fhsNkfg; Gytu; ehfg;gl;bdj;Jf;Fr; nrd;whu;;. mg;gl;bdj;jpy;

fhj;jhd; tUzFyhjpj;jd; vd;gtupd; rj;jpuj;jpy; rhg;gplr; nrd;whu;. ntF

NeukhfpAk; czT rikj;Jg; gupkhwg;gltpy;iy. czT gupkhw kpfTk;

jhkjk; Mfpaikahy; Vw;gl;l Nfhgk; ntspg;gLk; tpjj;jpy; ,g;ghliyg;

ghbdhu;.

fj;Jfly;......... - fj;Jfly;......... - fj;Jfly;......... - fj;Jfly;......... - fj;Jfly;......... - fhsNkfg; Gytu;


(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) Gytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitGytu; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• cupa Ntisapy; czT gupkhwg;glhJ fhye;jho;j;jpaikahy; Vw;gl;l

kd cisr;ry;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;nrhy;Yk; tpjk;

• fhj;jhd; rj;jpuj;jpy; czT gupkhWtjw;F fhyk; jho;j;jg;gl;likNa

Gytupd; tirg;ghlYf;Ff; fhuzkhfpaJ.

• kpfj;jhkjkhfNt fhupaq;fs; ele;Njwpd vd;gij (tirAld;) Vsdkhf

vLj;Jiuf;f Kw;gLjy;.

muprp tUq;fhyk; m];jkdk; (khiy) vdy;> Fw;wp ciyapy; ,l Cu;

mlq;Fk; (eprpahfp tpLk;)> czT ,iyapy; ,l nts;sp vOk; (tpbe;J

tpLk;) vd;W fhyq;fis ePl;br; nrhy;tjD}lhf jhkjkhf czT

gupkhwg;gl;lij Vsdkhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. - ,J tirAkhFk;.

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;mUk;gjq;fs;

• fj;Jfly; - xypf;Fk; fly;

• Cu; mlq;Fk; - Cu; kf;fs; (epj;jpiuahfp) elkhl;lk; ,Uf;fhJ

(Cu; - MFngau;)

• nts;sp vOk; - tpbnts;sp thdpy; Njhd;Wk; / cjpf;Fk;.

(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) fzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPL



nra;Aq;fs;.

• ghlypd; nghUs;.

• kd czu;tpid ehfuPfkhf ntspg;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy;.

• ghlypy; ,ioNahLk; eifr; Rit.


jkpo; ehl;bNy ,sQ;#upau;> KJ#upau; vd;w Gytu; ,Utu; ~~,ul;ilau;||

vd;w ngaupy; Ritahd gy ghly;fisg; ghbAs;sdu;. ,tu;fspy; xUtu;

FUlnudTk; kw;iwatu; KltnudTk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ghlypd; Kjy; ,uz;L

mbfis xUtu; ghl mLj;j ,uz;L mbfisAk; kw;iwatu; ghbdhu;

vdTk; $wg;gLfpwJ.

mg;gpNy Njha;jpl;L......... - mg;gpNy Njha;jpl;L......... - mg;gpNy Njha;jpl;L......... - mg;gpNy Njha;jpl;L......... - mg;gpNy Njha;jpl;L......... - ,ul;ilau;



• Milia ,oe;J JaUWk; kdj;ijj; Njw;Wk; ghtidapy; ,iwad;G>

ek;gpf;if vd;gtw;iw ntspg;gLj;jy;.


• Mil ePupybg;gl;Lr; nrd;wjdhy; Vw;gl;l kd tpuf;jpAk;> gpd;du; jhNk

jk;ikj; Njw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; tpjkhfTk; ,g;ghly; mike;Js;sJ.

• Kjypy; Mil njhiye;j tpuf;jpia eifr;Rit czu;Tld;

epahag;gLj;Jfpd;whu;.

~~ehk; Milia mbf;fb ePupy; eidj;Jj; jg;gj; jg;g (mbj;J ntSf;f)

mJ ek;kplkpUe;J jg;gpNahlj;jhNd nra;Ak; - vd;W $WtJ

• jkJ kdtpuf;jpia flTspd; NkNyw;wp mikjp fhzy;.

,e;jf; fypq;fk; (Mil) Nghdhy; vd;d? kJiuapy; cs;s jdpj;Jtkhd

nrhf;fypq;fk; vd;w flTs; ,Uf;f ekf;F vd;d ,lu; te;Jtplg;NghfpwJ.

- vd;W $WtJ.

Fwpg;G : fypq;fk; vd;gJ Miliaf; Fwpf;Fk;. fypq;f ehl;bypUe;J jkpo; ehl;bw;F

nfhz;L tug;gl;l Mil ,lthF ngauha; fypq;fk; vdg;gl;lJ.

fypq;fkypq;fkypq;fkypq;fkypq;fk;> Vfypq;fk;fypq;fk;fypq;fk;fypq;fk;fypq;fk;> nrhf;fypq;fk;fypq;fk;fypq;fk;fypq;fk;fypq;fk; vd;w Xirr; rpwg;igAk; njupe;J

nfhs;f.


• mg;G - ePu;

• jg;gpdhy; - Jzpia kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; mbj;Jj; Jitj;jhy;.

• jg;ghNjh - jg;gpr; nry;yhNjh

• fypq;fk; - Mil

• Vfypq;fk; - rptypq;fk; (jdpj;Jtkhd / xNunahU rptypq;fk;)• nrhf;fypq;fk; - kJiuf;flTs; (nrhf;fehju;)




nra;Aq;fs;.

• Gytupd; czu;T ntspg;ghL

• ghlypd; nrhw;rpwg;G

• ~~,f;fypq;fk; Nghdhnyd; Vfypq;f khkJiu nrhf;fypq;fk; jhdpUf;f||

,e;j mbfspy; ePu; fhZk; rpwg;G



gbf;fhRg; Gytupd; ghlw; rpwg;igg; gy gl;lilr; nrhf;fehjg; Gytu;

vd;gtu; ghbAs;shu;. gbf;fhRg; Gytu; 18Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; Nru;e;jtu;.

njhz;il ehl;by; nghw;fse;ijg; gFjpapy; gpwe;jtu;. ,tu; ghbajhff;

$wg;gLk; E}y;fshtd> njhz;il kz;ly rjfk;> Gs;spUf;Fk; Nt@u;f;

fyk;gfk; vd;gdthFk;. ,tUf;Fj; jpy;iyf; $j;jg; gpuhd; jpdKk; gbf;fhR

nfhLj;jjpdhy; gbf;fhRg; Gytu; vd;w ngaiug; ngw;wjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.

gygl;lilr; nrhf;fehjg; Gytu;.gygl;lilr; nrhf;fehjg; Gytu;.gygl;lilr; nrhf;fehjg; Gytu;.gygl;lilr; nrhf;fehjg; Gytu;.gygl;lilr; nrhf;fehjg; Gytu;.

gbf;fhRg; Gytupd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jtu;. ,tu; ghba E}y; mofu; fps;is

tpL J}J.


• gbf;fhRg; GytUila jkpo;g; ghly;fspd; rpwg;ig Nkk;gLj;jpf; $Wjy;.


• gbf;fhRg; Gytu; Vl;by; ghbatw;iw ~~gbf;fhrd; ciuj;jkpo;|| - vd;W

jkpohfNt cUtfpj;jy;. (,j;jifa gz;ghL ehad;khu;fsJk;>

Mo;thu;fsJk; Kj;jpiuf; ftpfspy; cz;L)

• ,dp - gbf;fhRg; Gytuhy; ghlg;gl;l ghly;fs; Rit kpFe;jit (espdk;

kpFe;jit) vd;gtw;iw tpgupj;jy;.

njhl;lhYk; ifkzf;Fk; (Rit) nrhd;dhy; tha; kzf;Fk; (Rit)

vdy;.

• Nkw;Fwpj;jtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf me;j VL elg;gl;lhYk; jkpo;g; gapuha;

tpise;jpLk; vd;W - (mjd; rpwg;ig Nkk;gLj;jpf; $w) ,aw;if ,fe;j

nrayhy; Fwpg;gply;.


• VL - E}y;

• espdk; - eak;

• Ja;a - J}a;ikahd




nra;Aq;fs;.

• ghlypd; nghUs;

• ghlypy; ntspg;gLk; mjPj fw;gid

kl;lhUe; njd;......... - kl;lhUe; njd;......... - kl;lhUe; njd;......... - kl;lhUe; njd;......... - kl;lhUe; njd;......... - gbf;fhRg; Gytu;



• ghujpf;Fk; ghujpjhrDf;Fk; ,ilapypUe;j ,yl;rpa cwT> ghujpahupd;

cWjpahd epiyg;ghL> ghujpjhrdpd; nrhy;yhl;rp vd;gtw;iw mwpe;J

ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

• kfhftp ghujpapd; r%fg;gw;W> nkhopg;gw;W> ehl;Lg;gw;W vd;gtw;iw

$Wthu;.

• gj;jpupifapd; gz;GfisAk;> mjd; gpujhd gzpfisAk; gad;ghl;ilAk;

$WtJld; ftpijapd; ntspg;ghl;Lj;jpwd; gw;wpAk; tpgupg;ghu;.


kfhftp ghujpapd; jhrdhf ftpjh cyfpy; cyh te;jtu; ghujpjhrd;

vd;w fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; (1891 - 1964) mtu;fs;. nkhopAzu;Tk;> ,irAzu;Tk;>

kd cWjpAk; ftpjh NtfKk; kpFe;jtu;. rpW tajpNyNa gpnuQ;Rk;

jkpOk; gapd;w ,tu;> gjpdhwhtJ tajpy; fy;Nt fy;Y}upapy; jkpo;g;

Gyikj; Nju;Tf;fhfg; GFe;J gjpndl;lhtJ tajpy; murpdu; fy;Y}upj;

jkpohrpu pau ; Mdhu ; . jdJ 73 tUl tho;tpy ; 63 tUlq;fs;

fiyg;gzpahw;wpdhu;. 38 tUlq;fs; jkpo; Mrpupag; gzpGupe;jhu;.

Rakupahijr;Rlu;> Gul;rpf;ftp> ,uz;ad; my;yJ ,izaw;w tPud; (ehlfk;)>

mofpd; rpupg;G> ey;y jPu;g;G (ehlfk;)> fw;fz;L (ehlfk;)> mikjp (ehlfk;)>

ghujpjhrd; Mj;jp#b> fhjyh flikah> FLk;g tpsf;F> ghujpjhrd;

ftpijj; njhFjpfs; Nghd;wd ghujpjhrd; gilg;Gf;fshFk;.


• ghujp cs;sk; :ghujp cs;sk; :ghujp cs;sk; :ghujp cs;sk; :ghujp cs;sk; : -ghujpahuJ cs;sf; fplf;ifia ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.

- (rhjpg;gpuptpid xopj;jYk;> jkpio tsu;j;jYk; nre;jkpo;

ehl;bd; gw;Wk;)

• gj;jpupifgj;jpupifgj;jpupifgj;jpupifgj;jpupif : -gj;jpupifapd; rpwg;G

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) nrhy;Yk; tpjk;:nrhy;Yk; tpjk;:nrhy;Yk; tpjk;:nrhy;Yk; tpjk;:nrhy;Yk; tpjk;:

• ghujpahuJ nrhy;Yk; nraYk; xd;whfNt ,Ue;jJ vd;gijNa

ghujpjhrd; ,q;F ghujpapd; cs;sk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

• ghujpapd; nrhy;ypy; rhjp xopg;Gk;> jkpo; tsu;r;rpAk; epiwe;jpUe;jij -

ghujp $wpaJ NghyNt ghujpjhrd; Fwpg;gpLjy;. mt;thwhd ciuia

ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;

ghujp cs;sk;ghujp cs;sk;ghujp cs;sk;ghujp cs;sk;ghujp cs;sk;


,d;g ciu vd;W ghujpjhrd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

• ghujpahu; - rhjp xopg;ig ntWk; thu;j;ijfshfr; nrhy;ytpy;iy.

(NkYf;Fr; nrhy;ypltpy;iy) epju;rdkhf;fpdhu; vd;gij - ehw; re;jpapy;

rfyUk; fhz jho;j;jg;gl;ltu; vd;Nghu; rikj;j czit ghujp cz;lhu;

vd;gij fhl;rpaha;> rhl;rpaha; ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.

• ghujpahuJ cs;sf;fplf;ifia NkYk; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wk; tifapy;

fe;ijiaAk;> MiriaAk; xNu Nfhl;by; ghu;f;Fk;> mtw;Wf;F

mbgzpahj cs;sk; nfhz;ltu; ghujp vd;W Fwpg;gpLjy;.

• gj;jpupifia ngz;zhf cUtfpj;J mjid Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jpf;

$Wfpwhu;.

• mzpfisr; rpwg;ghff; ifahz;Ls;sik.

• gj;jpupifapd; cs;slf;fk; gw;wpg; gygl tpgupj;jy;.

• rfyUf;Fk; gj;jpupif thrpg;G mtrpak; vd tw;GWj;Jjy;.




nra;Aq;fs;.

• ghujpf;Fk; ghujpjhrDf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ,yl;rpa cwT.

• kfhftp ghujpapd; r%f> nkhop> ehl;Lg; gw;W.

• gj;jpupifapd; gy;Ritg; gz;Gk; gzpAk; gad;ghLk;.

• ghujpjhrdpd; ftpij ntspg;ghl;Lj;jpwd;

• ,uq;fy;> gf;jp> FJ}fy czu;Tfs; Gyg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjk;.

gj;jpupifgj;jpupifgj;jpupifgj;jpupifgj;jpupif



• Fwpj;j ftpijia ,uridAld; thrpj;J ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

• #upafhe;jpg; G+tpd; ,ay;ghd nraw;ghl;il ftpQu; fw;gidapD}lhff;

(fhjypahf cUtfpj;jy;) fhZk; Kiwapid mwpe;J $Wthu;.

• ftpQuJ fw;gidapd; rpwg;gpid Mjhuq;fSld; ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.


ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk;gps;is 1876 ,y; Nj&upy; gpwe;jhu;. ,tu; Muk;gg;

ghlrhiy MrpupauhfTk;> ngz;fs; NghjdhKiwg; ghlrhiy

MrpupauhfTk;> kfhuh[h ngz;fs; fy;Y}upj; jkpo; tpupTiuahsuhfTk;

,Ue;jhu;. gj;jpupiff;Fg; ghly;fSk; Muha;r;rp ciufSk; vOjpdhu;.

~kyUk; khiyAk;|(ftpijj;njhFjp)> ~MrpaN[hjp|> ~,se;njd;wy;|>

~cku;fa;ahk;| (nkhopngau;g;G)> ~ehQ;rpy; ehl;L kUkf;fs; topkhd;kpak;|

Nghd;wit ,tUila rpy gilg;Gf;fs;.


• #upafhe;jpg;G+tpd; nraw;ghl;bD}lhf fhjy; tag;gl;l ngz;nzhUj;jpapd;

kdepiyiaf; fw;gidahff; $Wjy;.


I #upaidf; fhjydhfTk; #upafhe;jpiaf; fhjypahfTk; cUtfpj;Jf; $Wjy;.

II #upafhe;jpg; G+tpd; moifAk;> nraw;ghl;ilAk; tpgupg;gjD}lhf jiytd;

kPJ fhjy; tag;gl;l ngz;zpd; Mokhd md;ig ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.

III eifr;Rit czu;itAk; ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.

IV kdpj elj;ijfis #upafhe;jp + #upad; + jhkiu kyu; Mfpatw;wpd;

NkNyw;wpf; $Wjy;.


khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J ~#upa fhe;jp| vd;w ftpijia

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfs; njhlu;ghff; fye;Jiuahbg;

ngwg;gl;l tplaq;fis mwpf;ifg;gLj;jp Kd;itf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.

• ftpijiag; gbj;J Kbj;j NghJ Vw;gl;l kd czu;T.

• ~~fQ;rkfs; te;J fhzpw; rpupf;FNkh

fz;zPu; cUf;FNkh ahuwpthu;|| vd;w ghlybfspy; gjpe;Js;s rpwg;G.

• #upafhe;jpia fhjypahf fw;gid nra;tjd; rpwg;G.

• ftpr;rpwg;G.

• eifr;Rit czu;T.

#upafhe;jp#upafhe;jp#upafhe;jp#upafhe;jp#upafhe;jp

Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is ftpij



• ftpijapy; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;j tplaj;ij mwpe;J mjid

ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

• ftpQuJ kdpj Neak; gw;wp fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

• ftpQuJ ntspg;ghl;Lj;jpwd; cj;jpfisAk; mjd; rpwg;igAk; tpku;rdk;

nra;thu;.


,yq;ifapd; jiyrpwe;j ftpQu;fspy; xUtu; jpU. ,. KUifad;.

ehw;gJfspd; gpd; <oj;Jj; jkpo;f; ftpijg; Nghf;if khw;wpaikj;jtu;fSs;

,tu; Kjd;ikahdtu;. ,tuJ ftpj;Jtk; gd;Kf Mw;wy; nfhz;lJ.

tpQ;Qhdg;gl;ljhupahd ,tu; mwptpay;> r%fk; rhu;e;j fUj;Jf;fis kpfTk;

Ez;zpjhd fiyj;jpwDlDk; Ngr;Nrhirg;ghq;FlDk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy;

ty;ytu;. ,tuhy; vOjg;gl;l ftpijfs; rKjha ePjp> gFj;jwpTg; ghu;it>

nghJTilik ehl;lk;> tho;f;if mDgt tpku;rdq;fs; nfhz;ldthf

tpsq;fpd vdg; Nguhrpupau; ifyhrgjp Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,tuJ gilg;Gf;fs;

~mJ mtu;fs;| (ftpijfs;)> ~ntwpahl;L| (ghl;Lf; $j;J) ~,d;iwa cyfpy;

,yf;fpak;| (fl;Liu) ~khLk; fapWfs; mWf;Fk;| (ftpijj; njhFjp)

KjyhditahFk;.


• njhopyhsiu mbikfshf vz;zhJ mtu;fisAk; kdpjuhf vz;zp

kjpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• njhopyhsu;fs; kPjhd mDjhgk;.


• njhopyhsuJ ciog;Gj;jhd; cy;yhr tho;f;iff;F Mjhuk; vd;gij

vs;sy; ghq;fpy; tpgupj;jy;.

• njhopyhsu;fs; Gul;rp nra;jy; $Lk; vd;W vr;rupf;if nra;jy;.

• mt;thW mtu;fshy; Gul;rp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mOj;jpf;

$wy;.

khL khL vd;W gy VrpkhL khL vd;W gy VrpkhL khL vd;W gy VrpkhL khL vd;W gy VrpkhL khL vd;W gy Vrp

KUifad; ftpij



khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jf; Fwpf;fg;gl;l ftpijia mbg;gilahf

nfhz;L gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfs; njhlu;ghff; fye;Jiuahbg; ngwg;gl;l

tplaq;fis mwpf;ifg;gLj;jp Kd;itf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.

• ftpijapD}lhf ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;j tplak;.

• njhopyhsu; kPJ ftpQu; nfhz;l foptpuf;fKk; mbikfshf elj;JNthu;

kPjhd NfhgKk;

• kdijf; ftu;e;j ftpijtupfs;> ftu;e;jikf;fhd fhuzk;.

• ~khLk; fapWfs; mWf;Fk;> Mltu; kfspu; mJ nra;ahNuh?| vd;w

<w;wbfs; %yk; ftpQu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; vr;rupf;if.



• tptrhapapd; tho;tpay; epiyia mwpe;J $Wthu;.

• tptrhapapd; ,d;wpaikahik mwpe;J Gyg;gLj;Jthu;.

• tptrhap khl;rpikf;Fupatd; vd;w kdg;ghq;ifg; ngw;W ed;kjpg;igg;

Gyg;gLj;Jthu;.

• ftpQupd; ntspg;ghl;Lj;jpwid tpgupg;ghu;.

• tptrhapapd; mbikepiy jfu;j;njwpag;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w ftpQupd;

kdepiyiag; Gyg;gLj;Jthu;.


,yq;ifapy; tlf;F khfhzj;jpy; (1960fspy;) jPz;lhikf;F vjpuhfg;

Nghuhba kf;fspd; Fuyhf xypj;jtu; Rgj;jpud;. ,tu; murpay; njhlu;ghd

ftpijfs;> nghJthd ftpijfs; mfTzu;tpid ntspg;gLj;Jk; ftpijfs;

vdg; gytifg;gl;l ftpijfis vOjpAs;shu;. ,tuJ gilg;G ~,uj;jf;

fld;| (ftpijj; njhFjp) MFk;. E}YUg;ngwhj ftpijfSk; cs.


• tptrhapapd; ,d;wpaikahik / khl;rpikg;gLj;jy;.


• ghlypd; Kw;gFjp tptrhapgLk; NtjidtptrhapgLk; NtjidtptrhapgLk; NtjidtptrhapgLk; NtjidtptrhapgLk; Ntjid (1> 2> 3)

• gpw;gFjp - tptrhapapd; tpLjiy gw;wpa nfhs;ifg; gpufldk;nfhs;ifg; gpufldk;nfhs;ifg; gpufldk;nfhs;ifg; gpufldk;nfhs;ifg; gpufldk;

• ~cOgtDf;F epyk; nrhe;jk;|

~gz;iz Kiwapy; gapu; nra;jy;|

jpz;iz J}q;fpj; jpupgtu;fs; - mjidj;

jpd;d epidj;jhy; nrUg;gbjhd;| - vd;W nghJTlikf; fUj;Jf;fisnghJTlikf; fUj;Jf;fisnghJTlikf; fUj;Jf;fisnghJTlikf; fUj;Jf;fisnghJTlikf; fUj;Jf;fis

typAWj;Jjy;.typAWj;Jjy;.typAWj;Jjy;.typAWj;Jjy;.typAWj;Jjy;.





• tptrhapapd; tho;f;if epiy.

• ~ehl;bd; ,iwtd; tptrhap| vd;w ftpQu; $w;wpd; nghUj;jg;ghL.

• ~~jpz;iz J}q;fpj; jpupgtu;fs; - mijj;

jpd;d epidj;jhy; nrUg;gbjhd;|| vd;w mbfspy; ntspg;gLk; ftpQupd;

czu;T.

• ftpQu; fhl;Lk; Kjyhsp tu;f;fk;.

Mz;ltd; ePjhd;Mz;ltd; ePjhd;Mz;ltd; ePjhd;Mz;ltd; ePjhd;Mz;ltd; ePjhd;

Rgj;jpud; ftpij



• jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghl;il ftpijg; nghUNshL njhlu;GgLj;jpf;

$Wthu;.

• Njhl;lj; njhopyhsupd; tho;tpay; njhop Kiwfs; Mfpatw;iw vLj;J

tpsf;Fthu;.

• Njhl;lg; ngz; njhopyhsu; mDgtpf;Fk; ,d;dy;fSk;> Mw;whikAk;

ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Kiwapid tpsf;Fthu;.


FwpQ;rpj; njd;dtd; ~yGf;nfy;y| vd;w ,lj;jpYs;s Njhl;lnkhd;wpy;

tho;e;jtu;. ~vdJ ftpij> jPikiaf; fz;L nfhjpj;njOk;Gk; czu;tpd;

tbfhy;| vd;W $Wk; ,tupd; ftpijfs; fw;gid eaKk; ctikAk;

nfhz;lit. mtu; xU njhopyhspahf ,Ue;jjdhy; njhopyhsu;fspd;

czu;Tfis> Mrhghrq;fis> mtu;fspd; ,jaf; FKwy;fis jdJ

xt;nthU gilg;gpYk; vjpnuhypf;fpd;whu;.


• (Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fsJ mtykhd tho;f;if) vy;NyhUf;Fk;

kfpo;r;rpiaj; jUk; ~rk;gsehs;| Njhl;lj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F Fwpg;ghf

ngz; njhopyhsUf;Fj; Jd;gj;ij jUtjhf mikjy;.


• ajhu;j;jkhd rpj;jpupg;G> cstpay; ghq;F> jj;Jtkhd rpj;jpupg;G.

• rk;gs ehsd;W gps;isfspd; fdTfSk; mJ epiwNtwhj

jd;ikAk;.

• rk;gsk; ngWfpd;wNghJ rpy ngz;fspd; mehfupfkhd

nray;fSk; fq;fhzpkhupd; Fztpay;Gk;.

• Neu;ikahf Ntiy nra;J rk;gsk; ngw;whYk; mjd;

Nghjidahy; ngz;fs; milAk; mq;fyha;g;G.

• gl;lflid milf;f KbahikAk;> r%fr; rlq;Ffis

epiwNtw;w KbahikAkhd Mjq;fk;.

• Fbj;Jj;jpupAk; FLk;gg; nghWg;gpy;yhf; fztd; gw;wpa rpj;jpupg;G.

• kiyafg; Ngr;Rj; jkpo;g; gpuNahfk;.

ngz;fs;

$w;whf

,tw;iw

ntspg;

gLj;Jjy;

rk;gs ehs;rk;gs ehs;rk;gs ehs;rk;gs ehs;rk;gs ehs;

FwpQ;rpj; njd;dtd; ftpij



• miug;NgU - miuehs; Ntiy nra;jjhfg; gjpjy;.

• rPl;Lg;gzk; - Nrkpg;Gf;fhf khjhe;jk; fl;lg;gLk; gzk;.

• Nrl;Lg;gay; - Nrl; - eif milT gpbg;gtd;.

• utpf;if - ngz;fs; mzpAk; Nky; rl;il

• rlq;F - G+g;Gr; rlq;F

• nkha; - ed;ik> jPikfSf;fhd rlq;Ffspy; md;gspg;ghf

nfhLf;Fk; gzk;.

• xj;jf;fil - xw;iwf; fil vd;gjd; k&c> jdpj;j fil vd;w

nghUspy; te;jJ.

• ehL - Njhl;lq;fSf;F mUfpy; mike;Js;s rpq;fsf;

fpuhkq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;.





• jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL.

• Neu;ikahf Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;fspd; mq;fyha;g;G.

• Njhl;lj;njhopyhsupd; Fwpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd; tho;tpay; Kiw.

• ngz;fs; rpyupd; ehfupfkhd nray;fSk; fq;fhzpapd; Fztpay;Gk;.

• ngz;fspd; kdf; FKwiy Gyg;gLj;jf; ftpQu; ifahSk;

nrhw;nwhlu;fs;.

• kz;il Aile;jpLk; ehspjlh!

fk;Gj;jbfis J}f;fpLk; ehs; nghyp];>

fr;Nrup> Nfhu;l;Lf;F NghapLk; ehs;! ,t;thW ftpQu; $Wtjd; fhuzk;.

• ftpQupd; nkhopg; gpuNahfk;.


Nju;r;rp 1.0 :

3.0 :

4.0 :

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1.1 :

1.2 :

1.3 :

1.4 :

1.5 :

3.1 :

3.2 :

3.3 :

4.1 :

4.2 :

5.2 :

7.4 :

7.5 :


fl;LUthf;fj;jpwd; cs;stuhfr; nraw;gLthu;.

ciueil ,yf;fpaq;fisf; fw;W mit $Wk;

tplaq;fisAk; jkJ fUj;Jf;fisAk; nrk;ikahd


,yf;fpaq;fisf; fw;gjD}lhfj; juk; tha;e ;j

Mf;fq;fisg; gilg;ghu;.

nray;jpwDk; tpidj;jpwDk; cs;s Nfl;Nghuhfr;

nraw;gLthu;.

re;ju;g;gj;jpw;Fk; #o;epiyf;Fk; Vw;wtifapy; gz;NghL

ciuahLthu;.

vz;zq;fisAk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fisAk; Gyg;gLj;jp

gz;NghL NgRthu;.


epfo;r ;rpfspYk; jkJ fUj;Jf;fis Mw;wYld;

Kd;itg;ghu;.

gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fs; Nehf;fq;fSf;F Vw;g nraw;gLthu;.



,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa gpd;dzpia mwpe;J $Wthu;.

g hlj ;ij mtjhdkhff ; f p uf pj ;J vOj ;Jg ;



gy;NtW Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jf; fpufpj;J> mtw;wpy;

,lk;ngWk; nkhopf;$Wfisg; gFj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itg;ghu;.

Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jg; ngw;w mDgtj;jpd; Clhfr;

Ra Mf;fq;fisg; gilg;ghu;.

Gytu;fs;> gilg;ghspfspdJ gilg;ghw;wy; jpwd;fisAk;

gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

nrhw;fspd; mikg;igAk; tiffisAk; mwpe;J

nkhopiar; nrk;ikahfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

thf ;f pa mikg ;igAk ; mjd ; tiffisAk ;

gpuNahfpg;ghu;.


ciueil ,yf;fpak;ciueil ,yf;fpak;ciueil ,yf;fpak;ciueil ,yf;fpak;ciueil ,yf;fpak;



• ,e;jpahTf;F ntspNa jkpopd; nry;thf;Fg; gutpa ,lq;fisAk;

mjw;fhd fhuzq;fisAk; tptupg;ghu;.

• jkpopd; nry;thf;Fld; ,e;J rkaj;jpd; nry;thf;Fk; ,ize;jpUg;gij

,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

• fl;Liu Mrpupaupd; gd;nkhopg; Gyik Ma;Tj;jpwd; vd;gd gw;wp

tpku;rpg;ghu;.

• fl;Liu Mrpupaupd; nkhopeil gw;wp fUj;Jiug;ghu;.

• fl;LiuapD}L ,yf;fzg; gpuNahfj;ij tpsq;fp vOJthu;.


jkpo;j;jpwdha;T tuyhw;wpy; epiyahd ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jtu; gd;nkhopg;Gytu;

nj. ngh. kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;. 1901 Mz;L nghd;Drhkp fpuhkzpapd;

Gjy;tuhf gpwe;j ,tu; 1980 Mk; Mz;L ,t;Tyf tho;it ePj;jhu;.

Mq;fpyk;> gpnuQ;R> N[u;kd; Nghd;w INuhg;gpa nkhopfspYk; ,e;jp> njYq;F>

fd;dlk; Nghd;w ,e;jpa nkhopfspYk; kpFe;j QhdKilatu;.

tof;fwpQuhf ,Ue;j nj.ngh.kP. ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;jpy; Ntl;iff;

nfhz;bUe;jhu;. jkpo; Mu;tk; kpf;f mwpTf;fsQ;rpankdj; jpfo;e;j ,tu;

irt rpj;jhe;jk;> itzt jj;Jtk;> fw;Wj; Nju;e;jtu;. jkpo; kw;Wk;

Mq;fpyj;jpy; 40 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l E}y;fisAk; ngUe;njhifahd Ma;Tf;

fl;LiufisAk; Mf;fp mspj;jtu;. jkpio tsu;f;fj; jd; KO ciog;igAk;

<e;jtu;.

ciueil kfhtpj;Jthdhfj; jpfo;e;j ,tUf;F kJiug; gy;fiyf;fofk;>

,yq;ifg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> b. ypl;.

gl;lkspj;J nfsutpj;jd. ,tu; ghuj murpd; gj;kG+\z; kw;Wk; jkpof

murpd; fiykhkzpg; gl;lq;fSf;Fk; cupj;jhdtu;.

ve;j nkhopia MuhAk; NghJk;> mk;nkhopapd; tuyhW> ,yf;fz mikg;G>

,yf;fpag; Nghf;F> jj;Jt Nehf;F Kjypatw;iwAk; ed;F CLUtp Muha;e;J

mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gynkhopfspYk; cs;s ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fis

mwpe;Js;sikahy; kw;iwa ,yf;fpaq;fSld; xg;gpl;L tpupTiuahw;Wk;

Mw;wYld; jpfo;e;jtu;. ,JNt ,tupd; jdpr; rpwg;G.

jkpOk; gpw gz;ghLk; vd;w E}ypd; fz; cs;s ~jkpo;r; nry;thf;F| vd;w

fl;Liu ,U ngUk; gpupTfisf; nfhz;like;Js;sJ. KjyhtJ ,e;jpahtpy;

jkpo;r; nry;thf;if Muha;tjhfTk; ,uz;lhtJ ,e;jpahTf;F ntspNa

jkpo;r; nry;thf;if Muha;tjhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. ,uz;lhk; fl;LiuNa

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;fl;Liuapy; jkpo;g; gz;ghL

gutpaikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;> ,d;Wk; mjd; $Wfshff; fhzg;gLk; gz;ghl;L

mk;rq;fs; vd;gd gw;wp tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

fl;Liufl;Liufl;Liufl;Liufl;Liu

jkpo;r; nry;thf;F - jkpo;r; nry;thf;F - jkpo;r; nry;thf;F - jkpo;r; nry;thf;F - jkpo;r; nry;thf;F - nj. ngh. kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;


fl;Liuapd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;:fl;Liuapd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;:fl;Liuapd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;:fl;Liuapd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;:fl;Liuapd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;:

• ,e;jpahTf;F ntspNa Fwpg;ghf ,yq;ifapYk; J}u fpof;F ehLfspYk;

jkpo;g;gz;ghL tsu;r;rpAw;wik gw;wpAk; mjd; nry;thf;Fg; gw;wpAk;

$w tpiofpd;whu;.

• ,yq;ifapy; jkpo;g;gz;ghL :

- <oj;Jj; jkpo;g; ngupahu;fSk; jkpopyf;fpaj;Jf;F Mw;wpa gzpfSk;.

- rpq;fs nkhopapy; jkpo;r; nrhw;fs;.

- gj;jpdpj; nja;t topghLk; topghL rhu; ghly;fSk;

• njhiy fpof;F ehLfs; :

- Ml;rpahsu;fshYk; thzpgj;jhYk; jkpo;g; gz;ghL guTjy;.

- flhuk; - ~flhuk; fz;lhd;| vd;w ngau;.

- Cu;fspd; ngau;

• jkpo; muru;fSk; njhiy fpof;F ehLfSk;.

- ~rpq;fd;| vd;Dk; ngau;.

- gu;khtpd; fy;ntl;Lf;fs;.

- mtdp ehuhazd; vd;w ngaupy; nfhilfs;.

- fpof;Ff; flw;gFjp kf;fspd; fhty; nja;tNk kzpNkfiy. ,g;

ngaupy; jkpo;f; fhg;gpak; .

- fPiof; flw;gFjpapypUe;J fUk;gpidf; nfhz;L te;Njhu; mjpakhdpd;

Kd;Ndhu; vd;gJ.

- tzpfd; rhJtd; efu;fisg; ngsj;jkjj;jpw;F khw;Wjy;.

• jj;Jtr; nry;thf;F.

- ,e;J> ngsj;j kjr; nry;thf;F fPiof; fly; ehLfspy; fhzg;gLjy;.

- kfhgypGuj;ij xj;j fl;blq;fs; fy;ntl;Lr; nra;jpfs;.

- ghz;luq;fKk; lhf;lu; gpypNahrhTk;. (ghz;luq;fd; - rptdpd; ngau;>

ghz;L uq;fd; - tp\;Z

• tpN\lq;fSk; Njrpa tpohf;fSk;

- Cry; tpoh - ,J jkpofj;Jg; ghit Nehd;gpd; jpupe;j tbtkhFk;.

- j ha ;yhe ; j pd ; kioj ;j pUt poh ghit Nehd ; Gld ;

njhlu;GilajhapUj;jy;.

- jpUntk;ghitapd; KjypU ghly;fSk; rpy Njthug; ghly;fSk;

ke;jpuq;fshf Xjg;gLjy;.

- jha;yhe;jpy; jpUf;filj;jpwg;G fapyhaf; fjTfspd; jpwg;G vdg;

ngau; ngWjy;.

- jpUKiwg; ghly;fisg; gpuhkzu;fs; XJfpd;wik.

- tp\;Zit RNfhjhag; ngUkhd; vd mioj;jy;.

RNfhjhah - jha;yhe;jpd; ngau;> ngUkhs; - jkpopy; tp\;Ztpd;

ngau;)

- ~ehuhazNd ekf;Nf giw jUthd;| vd;w ghlyb.

- gpuhkzu;fs; ,uh[FUf;fs; vdg;gLjy;.

- thkNjtd; - irtfhkq;fspd; nry;thf;iff; fhl;Ljy;.

- ehad;khu; Mo;thu;fspd; gf;jpg;ghly;fs; ke;jpuq;fshf ,irf;fg;gLjy;.


• gpw gz;ghLfNshL njhlu;G.

- vjpu;fhyj;jpy; gpw gz;ghLfspy; jkpopd; nry;thf;Fg; gw;wp

Muha;r;rpfs; ,lk; ngWk; NghJ gy tplaq;fs; ntspahFk; vd

vjpu;ghu;j;jy;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) fl;Liuahrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfl;Liuahrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfl;Liuahrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfl;Liuahrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfl;Liuahrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• ,yq;ifapYk; njhiyfpof;F ehLfspYk; fhzg;gLk; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;bd;

$Wfs;> vr;rq;fs; (jkpou; gz;ghl;bd; fly; fle;j guty;)


I ,yFthd vspa jkpo;eil

II $Wk; tplaq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Mjhuq;fis Kd;itj;jy;.

III cg jiyg;Gf;fspd; Clhf tplaq;fisj; jdpj;jdpahf tpsf;Fjy;.

IV Ma;thsu;fs; Ma;Tfs; vd;gtw;iw Mjhuk; fhl;Ljy;.


khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jf; Fwpf;fg;gl;l fl;Liuia mbg;gilahf



• ,yq;ifapYk; njhiyfpof;F ehLfspYk; jkpo ;g ; gz;ghL

gutpaikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

• fPiof;fly; ehLfspy; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;bd; nry;thf;F.



• fl;Liuapd; gpujhd fUj;ij ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

• ghujpahupd; ftpj;Jt Mw;wiy tpGyhee;ju; ntspg;gLj;Jkhw;iw

,dq;fz;L vOJthu;.

• tpGyhee;juJ vOj;jhw;wy; gw;wpf; fUj;Jiug;ghu;.

• gpuNahf ,yf;fzj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.


,J ghujpahupd; ftpj;jpwd; gw;wpf; $Wk; fl;LiuahFk;. ghujpghly;fspy;

tpGyhee;j mbfshu; nfhz;l <Lghl;bidAk;> ghujpahu; ftpijfspd;

rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; tpGyhee;juJ ciueilr; rpwg;igAk; ,f;fl;LiuA+lhf

mwpayhk;.

ghujpahu; ghly;fspy; tpGyhee;ju; nfhz;l <LghL> ghujpahu; ghly;fspd;

rpwg;gk;rq;fs; tpGyhee;jupd; nkhopeilr; rpwg;G vd;gdtw;iw ,f;fl;Liu

ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.

Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;

gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G: 1892 Mk; Mz;L kl;lf;fsg;gpYs;s fhiujPT vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy;

gpwe;jtu;.

fy;tp:fy;tp:fy;tp:fy;tp:fy;tp: - tpQ;Qhd bg;Nshkh gl;lk; ngw;wtu;.

- Mrpupau; gapw;rpNahL kJiuj; jkpo;r; rq;fg; gz;bju; gl;lKk;

ngw;wtu;.

- gp. v];. rp. (yz;ld;) gl;lk; ngw;wtu;.

- gy;Jiw mwpQu;

- Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfu;

- mz ;zhkiyg ; gy ;fiyf ;fofj ; j pYk ; ,yq ;ifg ;

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpYk; Kjy; jkpo;g; Nguhrpupauhff; flikahw;wpatu;.

,wg;G,wg;G,wg;G,wg;G,wg;G ::::: 1947

tpGyhee;j mbfshupd; jkpo;g;gzpfs; :tpGyhee;j mbfshupd; jkpo;g;gzpfs; :tpGyhee;j mbfshupd; jkpo;g;gzpfs; :tpGyhee;j mbfshupd; jkpo;g;gzpfs; :tpGyhee;j mbfshupd; jkpo;g;gzpfs; :

- kjq;f#shkzp - ehlfE}y;

- aho; E}iy vOjp gz;ila jkpou; ,irf;fUtpfis kPl;Gr;

nra;jik.

- fiyr; nrhy;yhf;f Kaw;rpfs;.

- jkpo;> mwptpay; njhlu;ghd gy fl;Liufs;.

- ftpij Mf;fq;fs;.

- Mq;fpy kfhftpahfpa N\f;];gpaupd; ehlfg; gilg;Gf;fis

~kjq;f #shkzp| vd;w E}ypy; fhl;bAs;sik.

ghujp ghly; - ghujp ghly; - ghujp ghly; - ghujp ghly; - ghujp ghly; - Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;


(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) Mrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• ghujpahiu jkpopd; kfhftpahf Kd;epWj;Jjy;.

• ghujpahupd; ftpahw;wYk; mjd; gd;Kfj;jd;ikAk;.


• Ritahd Kiwapy; mike;j ciueil.

• ghujpahu; ftpijfis tFj;Jf; $Wjy;.

• ghujpahu; ftpijfspy; Mu;tj;ijj; J}z;Ltjhd vLj;Jiug;G Kiwik.

• ftpijfis cjhuzq;fshff; fhl;b tpgupf;Fk; ghq;F.

• gy;NtW Mjhuq;fisf; fhl;b tpsf;Fjy;





• ghujp ghlypy; Rthkp tpGyhee;ju; nfhz;l ehl;lk;.

• ~rq;fr; nra;As;fspd; ,yF tbtNk ghujpapd; ftpij|

• ,f;fl;Liuapy; ,lk; ngw;w ghly;fspy; xd;wpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;.

• ghujpahu; ~nja;t mDf;fpufk; ngw;w cj;jk Gytu;|



• fl;Liuapd; gpujhd fUj;ij ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

• gpujhd fUj;ij typAWj;j Mrpupau; ifahz;l Jizf;fUj;Jf;fisj;

njspTgLj;Jthu;.

• fl;Liuapy; fhzg;gl;l rpwg;Gf;fis ,dq;fz;L ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

• Mrpupaupd; nkhopeilr; rpwg;G> vOj;jhw;wy; vd;gd gw;wp fUj;Jiug;ghu;.

• fl;Liuj;jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL gw;wpf; $Wthu;.

• gpuNahf ,yf;fzj;ij vLj;J tpsf;Fthu;.


• lhf;lu; K. tujuhrdhy; vOjg;gl;l ~ey;tho;T| vd;w fl;Liuj;

njhFjpapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

• ey;tho;T tho;tjw;fhd $whf kdtypikapd; rpwg;igf; $Wfpd;w

fl;Liu.

• kdtypikiag; ngWk; topfs; kdijg; gz;gLj;Jk; tplaq;fs;

vd;gdgw;wpf; $Wfpd;wJ.

• ey;tho;T tho;tjw;fhd kdj;jpd; gz;ghL> kdtypik vd;gd gw;wp

tpsf;FtJ.

lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;

gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G:gpwg ;G: 25-04-1912 Mk; Mz;L tl Mu;f;fhL khtl;lj;jpYs;s

jpUg;gj;J}upNy gpwe;jhu;.

jha; - mk;khf; fz;zk;khs;

je;ij - Kdprhkp

fy;tp:fy;tp:fy;tp:fy;tp:fy;tp: - 1935 Mk; Mz;L jkpo;g; Gytu;Nju;tpy; gupR ngw;whu;.

- 1939 ,y; gp. X. vy; gl;lk;

- 1944 ,y; vk;. X. vy; gl;lk;

- 1948 ,y; nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Kjd; Kjyhfj; jkpopy;

gl;lk;.

- 1972 ,y; ,yf;fpag; NguwpQu; vd;w rpwg;Gg; gl;lk; mnkupf;fhtpYs;s

C];lu; fy;Y}up toq;fpaJ.

njhopy;njhopy;njhopy;njhopy;njhopy;

- 1928 ,y; vOj;jhsu; 1935 Kjy; cau;epiyg;gs;sp jkpo; Mrpupau;>

1939 - 1944 tiu gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}upapy; jkpo; tpupTiuahsu;.

- 1945 ,y; gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}upapd; jkpo;j; Jiwj; jiytu;.

- 1961 - 1971 tiu nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; jkpo;j; Jiwj;

jiytu;.

- 1971 - 1974 tiu kJiug; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; JizNte;ju;.

• Rkhu; 90 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis vOjpAs;shu;. (ehty;>

fl;Liuj;njhFjpfs;> nkhop rhu;e;j E}y;fs;> ,yf;fpa tuyhW>

tpku;rdk;> fbj ,yf;fpak; vdg; gytiffshf mtuJ vOj;Jf;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd)

kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk; - lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;


gupR ngw;w E}y;fs; rpy :gupR ngw;w E}y;fs; rpy :gupR ngw;w E}y;fs; rpy :gupR ngw;w E}y;fs; rpy :gupR ngw;w E}y;fs; rpy : mfy; tpsf;F

fs;Nsh fhtpaNkh

murpay; miyfs;

nkhop E}y;

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) Mrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitMrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• kdj;ijg; gz;gLj;jf;$ba topKiwfs; gytw;iwf; $WtjD}lhf

kdtypikiag; ngw KbAk; vd;gjid ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.


• $wte;j fUj;ij E}y;fspD}lhfTk; eilKiwfs; ClhfTk; rhd;W

fhl;b tpsf;Fjy;.

• ghly;fis Mjhuq; fhl;Ljy;

• ju;f;f uPjpahd xU tpsf;f Kiwiaf; ifahSjy;.

• vspa cjhuzq;fisf; ifahSjy; mwpT G+u;tkhd tpsf;fq;fis

Kd;itj;jy; thrfiu cl;gLj;jp tplaq;fis Kd;itj;jy;.





• ~kdtypik Ntz;Lk;| vd;w jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL.

• kdtypikapd; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; gyhgyd;fSk;

• ~kdk; Nghy tho;T| vd;w $w;W %yk; Mrpupau; $w tpiotJ.

• ehk; / ekJ vd thrfiuAk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;.

• kdijg; gz;gLj;jp ey;tho;T tho kdtypik Njit.



• fijapd; ikaf;fUj;ij ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

• Mrpupau; ifahz;l cj;jpfis vLj;Jiug;ghu;.

• ,r; rpWfijapy; ntspg;gLk; rpWfijg; gz;Gfis ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

• tpku;rd Nehf;fpy; mZfp jkJ fUj;Jf;fis ciug;ghu;.

• Mrpupaupd; nkhopeil gw;wpAk; mjd; nghUj;jg;ghL gw;wpAk;

vLj;Jiug;ghu;.

• ghj;jpuq;fspd; Fztpay;G gw;wp vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

• gpuNahf ,yf;fzj;ij rpWfijapD}L tpsq;fp vOJthu;.


1934 Mk; Mz;L jkpo; ehl;bd; flY}u; kQ;rf; Fg;gj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;.

,yl;rpaKk; fUj;Jk; xd;W Nru rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lk; tpjkhf vOjp

tUgtu;. gilg;G ,yf;fpaj;Jf;fhf jkpo;ehL muR gupR> jQ;ir jkpo;g;

gy;fiyf;fof uh[uh[d; tpUJ> rhfpj;jpa tpUJ cl;gl gy;NtW gupRfis

ntd;wtu;. ,tUila rpWfijfs; Mq;fpyk;> N[u;kdp> ,e;jp> kiyahsk;>

njYq;F vd;W gy nkhopfspy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) fjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• gioa> kuGuPjpahd rk;gpujhaq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L fhyj;Jf;F

Vw;g Gjpa khw;wq;fis cs;thq;f Ntz;Lk;.


• Mrhukhd gpuhkzf; FLk;gnkhd;wpid mwpKfk; nra;J me;jf;

FLk;gj;jpd; gpujpepjpfs; Gjpa khw;wq;fSf;F vt;thW Kfk;

nfhLf;fpd;wdu; vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;.

• ghj;jpug; gilg;Gfs; Clhfj; jhd; nrhy;y te;j fUj;ijg; Gyg;gLj;jy;.

• gioikapd; rpd;dkhf fNziraUk; ghu;tjpak;khSk;> gioikapy;

,Ue;J kPsj; Jbg;Nghupd; rpd;dkhff; fPjhTk; mtw;wpid ,izf;Fk;

re;jpahff; nfsupg;ghl;bAk; rpj;jpupf;fg;gly;.

• rpWfijapd; jiyg;Gf;Fk; fUTf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;gpd; mOj;jk;.

• fhykhw;wk; vd;gJ jhdhfNt epfOk; vd;w tplaj;ijj; ju;f;f uPjpahf

Kd;itj;jy;.

rpWfijrpWfijrpWfijrpWfijrpWfij

Afre;jpAfre;jpAfre;jpAfre;jpAfre;jp - n[afhe;jd;


• fijg;gpd;dy; :fijg;gpd;dy; :fijg;gpd;dy; :fijg;gpd;dy; :fijg;gpd;dy; :

nfsupg;ghl;b vd;fpd;w fjhghj;jpuj;jpid ikakhf itj;Jf; fij

gpd;dg;gLfpd;wJ.

ghl;bapd; mwpKfk;> gpuhkz r%fj;jpDila md;whl eltbf;iffis

xOq;FgLj;jpf; $Wjy;> gpur;rpidapd; ikaj;ijj; njhLjy;> tpisTfspd;

ntspg;ghL> jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;.

• nkhopeil :nkhopeil :nkhopeil :nkhopeil :nkhopeil :

• gpuhkzf; fpis nkhop

• rhjhuz njd;dpe;jpag; gpuNahf nkhop

• rpj;jpupg;G ciueil (capNuhl;lkhd ciueil)

• mzpg;gad;ghL

• tu;zid


• ];J}yk; - clw; gUkd;> cly; Njhw;wk;

• mzh - (Ke;jpa ,e;jpa) &ghapd; gjpdhwpy; xU gq;F

• Fkh];jh - vOj;ju;

• rpj;Nj - rw;Nw

• upf;\h - ,ae;jpu tpirahy; / kpjpg;ghy; efUk; ,uz;L Ngu;

mkuf; $ba %d;W rpy;Y thfdk;

• [l;fh - Fjpiu tz;b

• rhiy - tPjp

• kopj;jy; - nkhl;ilabj;jy;

• ];gbfk; - gdpf;fl;b Nghd;w> xsp CLUtf; $ba> ,aw;ifahfNt

fpilf;Fk; jplg; nghUs;

• fpuhjp - kuj;jpdhy; nra;j Ntyp

• Fspj;jy; - KOFjy;

• `h];ak; - eifr;Rit

• ifk;ik - tpjitf; Nfhyk;

itjt;ak;

• FwL - jpz;iz> gyif

• ehjhq;fp - epiyr;rl;lj;jpy; cs;s nfhf;fpapy; gpizg;gjw;fhf

fjtpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s tisak;

• rk;Glk; - rpW nrg;G> nrk;G

• Nehf;Fk; - cdf;Fk; (Kd;dpiy xUik)

• Nef;Fk; - vdf;Fk; (jd;ik xUik)

• mr;rhd;ak; - (mr;rhdpak;) jPf;Fwp Kjypatw;why; NeUk; kdf;fyf;fk;

• Kfnyhgdk; - Kfjuprdk;

• tpjuiz - tpNtfk;> jpwik

• mj;jpae;j - Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J

• ehtpjd; - Kb ntl;Lgtu;

;



khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jf; Fwpf;fg;gl;l rpWfijia mbg;gilahf



• fijapd; fU

• efu;j;jpr; nry;Yk; cj;jp

• ghj;jpug; gz;Gfs;

• nkhopeil

• gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fspD}lhf Mrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpUk;Gk; tplaq;fs;.

- nfsupg; ghl;b jdJ ,we;j fhyj;jpd; epfo;fhyg; gpujpepjpnadj;

jd;idNa mtspy; fz;lhs;.

- fhyk; khWk; NghJ kD\hSk; khwZk;.

• fijj; jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL

• nfsupg;ghl;b vLj;j filrp Neu KbT njhlu;gpy; fPo; tUNthupd;

kdepiy ntspg;ghLfs; mtu;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs; njhlu;gpy; cq;fs;

fUj;Jf;fs;.

- fNzirau; - ghu;tjpak;khs; - jq;if (Ngj;jp)

• ,f;fijapy; ck;ikf;ftu;e;j rk;gtKk; mJ ck;ikf; ftu;e;jikf;fhd

fhuzq;fSk;.

• ,f;fij %yk; n[afhe;jd; r%fj;Jf;F Kd;itf;Fk; nra;jp.



• jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghl;il fijg;nghUNshL njhlu;GgLj;jpf; $Wthu;.

• jha;ik czu;T gw;wp vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

• ghj;jpuq;fspd; Fztpay;Gfis ,dq;fz;L ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

• fjhrpupaupd; nkhopahl;rp gw;wp vLj;jpak;Gthu;.

• fijia efu;j;jpr; nry;Yk; tpjk; gw;wp vOJthu;.


jha; vd;w rpWfijapd; Mrpupau; t. m. ,uhruj;jpdk; mtu;fshthu;. ,tu;

fpof;fpyq;ifapd; %J}u; gpuNjrj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;. tPuNfrup gj;jpupifapy;

vOjp ntspte;j ,e;jr; rpWfij gpd;du; ~nfhl;bahuf; fijfs;| vd;w

mtuJ rpWfijj; njhFjpapYk; ,lk; ngw;wJ. mtu; ~Njhzp| Kjypa gy

ey;y rpWfijfis vOjpaJld; ehty;fSk; vOjpAs;shu;. kdpj Neaj;Jld;

rKjhaj;jpd; gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisAk; gpur;rpidfisAk; mtjhdpj;J

r%f czu;TlDk; fiy Neu;j;jpAlDk; rpj;jpupj;NjhUs; ,tUk; xUtu;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) fjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJ

• jha;ik czu;T


I xU jha; jd; tho;f;ifapy; ele;j rk;gtq;fisAk; mDgtq;fisAk;

,d;DnkhU ghj;jpuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf; $Wk; ghq;fpy; fijia efu;j;jpr;

nry;Yjy;.

II rk;gtq;fspD}lhff; $Wjy;.

III fjhghj;jpuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd ciuahly;.

IV gpuNjr nkhopeil






• jhAs;sk;

• ,f;fijia thrpf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; kdTzu;T.

• ghj;jpuq;fspd; Fztpay;G

- jha;

- kfs;

• gpuNjrk; gw;wpa rpj;jpupg;G

• nkhopahl;rp

jha; jha; jha; jha; jha; - t. m. ,uhruj;jpdk;




• Njhl;lj;njhopyhsu; njhopy; Kiwfspy; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfis

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.


• rpWfij Mrpupaupd; gilg;ghw;wy; jpwd;fis ,dq;fz;L mtw;iw

vOJthu;.


1960 fspy; vOj;Jj;Jiwf;Fs; GFe;jtu; vd;. v];. vk;. uhikah mtu;fs;.

kiyaf kf;fspd; tho;tpaiyr; rpWfijfshf ntspf;nfhzu;tjpy; jPtpuk;

fhl;batu;. mtuJ rpWfijfslq;fpa ~xU $ilf; nfhOe;J| 1980 ,y;

ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mNj Mz;by; mjw;F rhfpj;jpag; gupRk; fpilj;jJ.

mr;rpWfijj; njhFjpapy; 12 rpWfijfs; mlq;fpAs;sd. ,UgJ rpWfijfs;

tiuNa vOjpa NghJk; $Ljyhd thrfupd; kjpg;igg; ngw;Ws;sdu;.

thndhypf;Fk; ehlfq;fs; vOjpAs;shu;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) fjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jitfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jit

• ngUe;Njhl ;lq;fspy ; gzpGupAk; njhopyhsu ; gy;tifg;gl ;l

gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. ,g;gpur;rpidfspd;

kj;jpapy; jd;khd czu;tpdhy; ce;jg;gl;l xU ngz;zpd; ciog;G>

kd cWjp vd;gtw;iw ntspg;gLj;jy;.


• fhuzfhupa njhlu;Gldhd rk;gtq;fspd; Nfhu;it.

• ghj;jpuq;fs; %yk; / ciuahly; %yk; $Wjy;.

• gpuNjr nkhopeil







- nyl;Rkp

- fzf;Fg;gps;is

- fq;fhzp

• nkhopahl;rp

• fijia efu;j;jpr; nry;Yk; tpjk;.

xU $ilf; nfhOe;JxU $ilf; nfhOe;JxU $ilf; nfhOe;JxU $ilf; nfhOe;JxU $ilf; nfhOe;J - vd;. v];. vk;. uhikah




• kPdtu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidia vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.


• fijia efu;j;jpr; nry;Yk; tpjk; gw;wp vOJthu;.

• fjhrpupaupd; nkhopeil gw;wp vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.


fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; kUjKidiag; gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;ltu; kUJ}u;f;

nfhj;jd; mtu;fs;. mtupd; ,aw;ngau; tp. vk;. ,];khapy; vd;gjhFk;.

mtuJ fijfs;> ~kUJ}u;f; nfhj;jd; fijfs;| vd;w ngaupy; njhFjpahf

ntspte;Js;sd. nrhy;yoF> tUzid> fw;gid Kjypad mtuJ vOj;jpw;

fhzg;gLk; rpwg;gpay;GfshFk;. mtu; gy;NtW ,yf;fpaf; fl;LiufisAk;

ftpijfisAk; vOjpapUf;fpd;whu;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) fjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJfjhrpupau; ntspg;gLj;j tpioe;jJ

• kPdtu; tho;f;ifapd; tWikAk; Nghuhl;lKk;


I fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; ,ay;GfisAk; njhopy; eilKiwfisAk;

rpj;jpupj;jy;.

II rk;gtq;fspd; xOq;fikg;igf; Nfhitg;gLj;Jjy;.

III nkhopahl;rp (tUzid> gbkq;fspd; gpuNahfk;> nrhw;fs;> njhlu;fspd;

,Wf;fj;jd;ik)

IV gpuNjr nkhopg; gad;ghL


khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;Jf; Fwpf;fg;gl;l rpWfijia

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfs; njhlu;ghff; fye;Jiuahbg;

ngwg;gl;l tplaq;fis mwpf;ifg;gLj;jp Kd;itf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.



- mg;Jy; fuPk;

- `yPkh

• fjhrpupaupd; mDgt ntspg;ghL.

• nkhopahl;rp

• fijia efu;j;jpr; nry;Yk; tpjk;.

xsp xsp xsp xsp xsp - kUJ}u;f; nfhj;jd;


Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 1 .01.01.01.01.0 :

3 .03.03.03.03.0 :

5 .05.05.05.05.0 :

7 .07.07.07.07.0 :

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1 .11.11.11.11.1 :

1 .21.21.21.21.2

1.31.31.31.31.3

1.41.41.41.41.4

1.51.51.51.51.5

3.13.13.13.13.1

5.15.15.15.15.1

5.25.25.25.25.2

7.17.17.17.17.1






jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;Ffis mwpe;J


nkhopaikg;ig (kuG> jw;fhyk;) mwpe;J nkhopiar;

nrk;ikahff; ifahs;thu;.


nraw;gLthu;.

re;ju;g;gj;jpw;Fk; #o;epiyf;Fk; Vw;wtifapy; gz;NghL

ciuahLthu;.


gz;NghL NgRthu;.



Kd;itg;ghu;.

gy;NtW re;ju;g ;gq;fs; Nehf;fq;fSf;F Vw;g

nraw;gLthu;.



fhyg;gFg;gpd; gpd;dzpiaAk; mt;tf;fhyg;gFjpapy;

vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; mwpe;J fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itg;ghu;.

Gytu ;fs; > gilg ;ghspfspdJ gilg ;ghw ;wy ;

jpwd;fisAk; gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J $Wthu;.

nkhopapd; ,d;wpaikahik> tsu;r;rp> nraw;ghL

mtw;wpd; gpd;dzp vd;gtw;iw mwpe;J $Wthu;.

milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;.milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;.milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;.milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;.milag;gl Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;.

,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW



• INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.

• mf;fhyj;jpy; ciueil ,yf;fpak; mile;j tsu;r;rpiaf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• nra;As; ,yf;fpak; ngw;w tsu;r;rpiaf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• ,yf;fpag; gz;Gfis vOJthu;.

• tp[aefu ; - ehaf ;fu ; fhyj ;Jld ; mf ;fhyj ;ij xg ;g pl ;L

,yf;fpag;gz;Gfis tpsf;Fthu;.


ehaf;fu; fhyj;jpidj; njhlu;e;j gjpndl;lhk; gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;Lf;

fhyg;gFjpfs; jkpopyf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; INuhg;gpau; fhyk; vdg;gLk;.

gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; eLf; $wpy; jkpo; ehl;bNy ehaf;fu; Ml;rp

epiy Fiya ehl;by; Vw;gl;l murpay; Fog;g epiy fhuzkhf gjpndl;lhk;

E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Mq;fpNyau; jkpo; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wp

Msj;njhlq;fpdu;. INuhg;gpauhl;rpf;Fl;gl;l jkpo; ehl;by; mikjp

epytpte;jjdhy; ehL gytopfspYk; Kd;NdwpaJ.

INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; jkpopyf;fpaj;jpy; Gjpa khw;wj;ijAk; Ntfj;ijAk;

fhzKbfpwJ. mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fSs.

1. INuhg;gpaupd; tUif

Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;

xy;yhe;ju;

gpuhd;rpau;

Nldp];

Mq;fpNyau;

ehaf;fu; ];jpukpd;ik

ghjpupkhu;fs;

N[R rig

mnkupf;fd; kprd;

cnty;ypad; kprd;

mnkupf;fh / ,j;jhyp / Nldp]; / ,q;fpyhe;J2. INuhg;gpag; ghjpupkhUk; fj;Njhypf;f FUkhUk; jkpo;nkhopiaf;

fw;W> mk;nkhopthapyhfr; rkaf; nfhs;iffis ehl;by; gug;gpaik.

3. mr;Rae;jpuj;jpd; tUif ,jdhy; ciueil tsu;e;jJ. Vuhskhd

E}y;fs;> Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs;> gjpg;Gg; ngw;wd. gj;jpupiffs; ntspte;jd.

,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW,yf;fpa tuyhW

INuhg;gpau; fhyk;INuhg;gpau; fhyk;INuhg;gpau; fhyk;INuhg;gpau; fhyk;INuhg;gpau; fhyk;


4. Mq;fpyf; fy;tp gutyile;jik.

5. Nkiyehl;Lg; gz;ghl;Lj; jhf;fk;.

6. Nkiyj;Nja ,yf;fpag; gupr;rak; Vw;gl;lik.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) ,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;

ciueil ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L

• Ntjtpsf;fk;

• NtjpanuhOf;fk;

• Ngjfk; kWj;jy;

• Y}j;ju; ,dj;jpay;G

• Qhdf;fz;zhb

• thkd; fij

• gukhu;j;j FUfij

(jkpopd; Kjy; mq;fj ,yf;fpak;)

• rJufuhjp

(jkpopd; Kjy; mfuhjp)

• njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk; (,yf;fz E}y;)

• njhy;fhg;gpar; #j;jpu tpUj;jp

(,yf;fz Muha;r;rp)

• ,yf;fz tpsf;fr; #whtsp

• rpj;jhe;j kuGf; fz;ldk;

(fz;ld E}y;)

• jpuhtpl khghbak; (rptQhd Nghjg; NgUiu)

nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - fpwp];jtk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - fpwp];jtk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - fpwp];jtk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - fpwp];jtk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - fpwp];jtk;

• fpj;Njupak;khs; mk;khid

• jpUf;fhtY}u; fyk;gfk;

• milf;fy ehafp ntz;gh

• md;idaOq;fy; me;jhjp

• Njk;ghtzp (fhtpak;)

nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;

• mKjhk;gpif gps;isj;jkpo;

• fhQ;rp Guhzk;

• jpUthidf;fhg; Guhzk;

• jpUj;jzpifg; Guhzk;

tPukhKdptu;

rptQhdKdptu;

tPukhKdptu;

tPukhKdptu;

fr;rpag;gKdptu;


• mwg;gsPRtur; rjfk; - mk;gythzf; ftpuhau;

• tz;L tpLJ}J - fr;rpahde;j Uj;Nuru;

nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;

• rPwhg;Guhzk; (fhtpak;)

• KJnkhopkhiy

• kpJW rheh - kjhW rhfpg; Gytu;

• ,Gdp Mz;lhu; gilg;Nghu; - mypahu; Gytu;

• ngz;Gj;jpkhiy - Kfk;kJ cird; Gytu;

ciueil ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;Lciueil ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L

• gQ;rje;jpuf; fijfs; (nkhop ngau;g;G)

• fjhkQ;rup (fijj; njhFg;G)

• tpNehjur kQ;rup - tPuhrhkpr; nrl;bahu;

• kDKiw fz;l thrfk;

• rPtfhUz;a xOf;fk;

• gpujhg Kjypahu; rupj;jpuk; (1879)

(jkpopd; Kjy; ehty;)

• RFzRe;jup (1887)

(ehty;)

• kjpthzd; (ehty;) - tp.Nfh. #upaehuhaz rh];jpupahu; (gupjpkhw;

fiyQu;)

• fkyhk;ghs; rupj;jpuk; - uh[ikau;

(ehty;)

• gj;;khtjp rupj;jpuk; - m. khjitah

(ehty;)

• jPdjahS - eNlr rh];jpup

(ehty;)

• `h];a kQ;rup - fhju; rh`pG

nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,e;J rkak;

• FNrNyhghf;fpahdk; (fhtpak;)

• jpUf;Fle;ijg; Guhzk;

• Nrf;fpohu; gps;isj; jkpo;

• thl; Nghf;fpf; fyk;gfk;

• jpUtUl;gh - ,uhkypq;f mbfs; (ts;syhu;)

• jpUNtufakf me;jhjp - rptrk;Gg; Gytu;

ckWg;Gytu;

jhz;ltuha Kjypahu;

,uhkypq;f mbfshu; (ts;syhu;)

khA+uk; Ntjehafk; gps;is

kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is


nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;nra;As; ,yf;fpak; - 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L - ,];yhk;

• k];jhd; ghly;fs; - Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG Gytu;

• ehifae;jhjp

• jpUkzpkhiy

• ee;jdhu; rupj;jpuf; fPu;j;jid

• ePyfz;l ehadhu; fPu;j;jid

INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ehlfq;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ehlfq;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ehlfq;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ehlfq;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ehlfq;fs;

• rFe;jyh tpyhrk;

• jhUfh tpyhrk;

• ,uzpa thrfg;gh

• &ghtjp

• fyhtjp

• khdtp[ak;

INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fz E}y;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fz E}y;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fz E}y;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fz E}y;fs;INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fz E}y;fs;

• ahg;gpyf;fzk; (tpdhtpil)

• mzpapyf;fzk; (tpdhtpil)

• ehlftpay; (ehlf ,yf;fz E}y;) - tp. Nfh. #upa ehuhaz

rh];jpupahu;

(gupjpkhw; fiyQu;)

• jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk; - fhy;Lnty;

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) ,yf;fpag; gz;Gfs;,yf;fpag; gz;Gfs;,yf;fpag; gz;Gfs;,yf;fpag; gz;Gfs;,yf;fpag; gz;Gfs;

• jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; GJtbtq;fs;.

• Gjpa fUj;Jf; fsq;fs;.

• Nkiyj;Nja Mq;fpyr; nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gl;L mjd; ,yf;fpa kuigg;

gpd;gw;wpaJ.

• ciueil vOr;rp ngw;W ngUtof;fhfpaJ.

• nkhopr; rPuikg;Gfs; ,lk; ngw;wd - vspik

cjhuzk; : tPukhKdptuJ vOj;Jr; rPu;j;jpUj;jk;

• thrfiu ikag;gLj;jpa vOj;Jf;fs;

• nghJkf;fs; rhu;G ,yf;fpaq;fs;.

• rkag; gpurhu Clfkhf ,yf;fpaq;fs; mike;jik. ,uhkypq;f mbfs;

Nghd;Nwhu; ,e;J rkar; rhu;ghdJ tz;zf; fsQ;rpag; Gytu;> kjhW

rhfpGg; Gytu; Nghd;Nwhu; ,];yhkpa rkar; rhu;ghdJkhd E}y;fs;>

gpuRuq;fis ntspapl;ldu;.

• gjpg;Gj;Jiw tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ,jdhy; gioa jkpopyf;fpa ,yf;fz

E}y;fs; gjpg;Gg; ngw;wd.

• jkpopyf;fpaq;fs; gutyile;jik. Mq;fpyk;> yj;jPd; Nghd;w nkhopfspy;

nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;ld.

Nfhghy fpU\;z ghujpahu;

,uhkr;re;jpu ftpuhau;

tp. Nfh. #upa ehuhaz rh];jpupahu;

(gupjpkhw; fiyQu;)

NrFdhg; Gytu;


• Gjpa ,yf;fpa tbtq;fspd; Njhw;wk; (ehty;> rpWfij)

• gj;jpupifj; JiwapYk; tsu;r;rp Vw;gl;lJ.

• ,yf;fpaj;Jiwapy; Gjpa Ma;TfSk; Kaw;rpfSk; tsu;r;rpaile;jd.

(mfuhjp> Muha;r;rp> xg;gpay;> nkhop Ma;Tfs;)

• mwptpay; Jiw tsu;r;rp (Muha;r;rpj;Jiw> jpwdha;Tj; Jiw> xg;gpay;

Jiw)

• Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fs; mjpfkhf jkpopy; fyj;jy;.




nra;Aq;fs;.

• INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpaq;fs;.

• INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; ciueil ,yf;fpak; ngw;w tsu;r;rp

• INuhg;gpau; fhyj;jpy; nra;As; ,yf;fpag; Nghf;Ffs;.

• INuhg;gpau; fhy ,yf;fpag; gz;Gfs;.

• tp[aefu - ehaf;fu; fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspypUe;J INuhg;gpau; fhy

,yf;fpaq;fs; NtWgly;.



• jkpo;f; ftpij kWkyu;r;rpaile;j tuyhWgw;wpr; RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• etPd fhy (20 Mk; E}w;whz;L)j; jkpo;f; ftpijfspd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfs;>

rpwg;gpay;Gfisr; RUf;fkhff; $Wthu;.

• 20Mk; E}w;whz;L ehty; ,yf;fpak; gw;wp vOJthu;.

• jkpo;r; rpWfij tsu;r;rpapy; GJikg;gpj;jdpd; gq;fspg;G gw;wpf;

Fwpg;gpLthu;.


INuhg;gpau; fhyj;ijj; njhlu;e;J tUk; ,Ugjhk; ,Ugj;Njhuhk;

E}w;whz;Lfisj; ~jw;fhyk;| vd;gu;. ,e;E}w;whz;Lfs; nghJkf;fSf;Fupa

fhykhFk;. nghJkf;fspd; tho;f;if> Fwpf;Nfhs;> ,d;gJd;gq;fs;> mtu;fspd;

Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fj; jilahf epw;Fk; rhjpf; nfhLik> rKjhaf; fl;Lg;ghL

Kjypatw;iwg; nghUshff; nfhz;L ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vOe;jd.

,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L / jw;fhy ,yf;fpak; xU GJ topapw; nrd;wjw;Fg;gy fhuzq;fs; cs.

• gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; gioa ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa E}y;fs;

mr;rplg;gl;likapdhy; kf;fs; gz;ilj; jkpopd; rpwg;ig czu;e;jik.

• Nkiyj;Njaj;jhu; jk; nkhoptsj;ij Nkk;gLj;j ciog;gijg; Nghy

jhKk; ciof;f Kd;te;jik.

• gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpf;Fupatu;fshd Ntjehafk;

gps;is> uh[ikau;> Re;juk; gps;is MfpNahupd; ,yf;fpaq;fs;

,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;Lj; jkpo; ,yf;fpar; nry;newpf;F XusT

topfhl;baha; mike;jik. vdNtjhd; ~jw;fhy ,yf;fpak;| mk;%tu;

fhyj;jpNyNa Muk;gkhfptpl;lJ vd;gu;.

• fy;tpapy; tpUj;jpAk; gutyhf;fKk; Vw;gl;lik.

• epykhdpa Kiwj; jfu;Tk; kj;jpaju tu;f;fj;jpdupd; vOr;rpAk;.

• tpQ;Qhdk; tsu;r;rpaile;jikAk; tpQ;Qhd tplaq;fs; ngUksthd

kf;fshy; mwpag;gl;likAk;.

• cyfshtpa uPjpapy; gy khw;wq;fis my;yJ jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jpa

,U cyfg; Nghu;fspd; ghjpg;Gfs;.

• ,e;jpar; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; vOr;rpAk; tpupthf;fYk;.

• murpay; mwpTk; murpay; tplaq;fspy; <LghLk; nghJkf;fs; kj;jpapy;

mjpfupj;jik.

• nghJTilikf; nfhs;if guthyhf;fk; fz;lik.

• gjpg;Gj; Jiw tpupT fz;lik.

20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L / jw;fhyk; jw;fhyk; jw;fhyk; jw;fhyk; jw;fhyk;


(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L / jw;fhy ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;. jw;fhy ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;. jw;fhy ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;. jw;fhy ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;. jw;fhy ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;.

• ftpij

• Gid fij

(ehty;)

(rpWfij)

• fl;Liu

• jpwdha;T

• ehlfk;

jw;fhyf; ftpijjw;fhyf; ftpijjw;fhyf; ftpijjw;fhyf; ftpijjw;fhyf; ftpij

ghLnghUs;> tbtk;> rku;g;gpg;G Kiwik> cj;jpfs; vd;gtw;wpy; khw;wq;fz;L

jw;fhyj;jpy; jkpo;f; ftpij Gjpa gupkhzq;fisg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

jkpo;f; ftpij tuyhw;wpd; jpUg;G ikakhf kfhftp ghujpahu; jpfo;e;jhu;.

mtNu etPd jkpo;f; ftpijf;F topfhl;bahthu;.

kfhftp ghujpahu; (1882 - 1921)kfhftp ghujpahu; (1882 - 1921)kfhftp ghujpahu; (1882 - 1921)kfhftp ghujpahu; (1882 - 1921)kfhftp ghujpahu; (1882 - 1921)

tbtkhw;wk; :tbtkhw;wk; :tbtkhw;wk; :tbtkhw;wk; :tbtkhw;wk; :

• vspa gjq;fs;> vspaeil> vspa re;jk;> nghJkf;fisf; ftUk; nkl;L

vd;gtw;iwf; ifahz;lik.

• ntz;gh> tpUj;jk; Nghd;w kuGg; ghtbtq;fis vspikahff; ifahsy;@

fz;zp> rpe;J> Fk;kp> njk;khq;F Nghd;w ghtbtq;fisAk; Nru;j;Jf;

nfhz;lik.

• ehl;Lg; Gw nkl;Lf;fs;> Xir eaq;fisj; jd; ftpijfspy;

gad;gLj;jpaik.

• trd ftpijfs;

• GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wk;

cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;

• nghJkf;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jy;. nghJ rdKk; r%fKNk

,tuJ ghL nghUs;.

• fhjy;> gf;jp> Gfo;r;rp> ,aw;if tu;zid vd;gtw;iwg; ghbaNjhL

ehl;L tpLjiy> ngz; tpLjiy> r%f tpLjiy vd khDlj;jpd;

eilKiwg; gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jik.

• rhjpnahopg;G> ngz;zbiknahopg;G> rkj;Jtk;.

• fz;zidr; Nrtfdhfg; ghLjy;.

• nkhopAzu;T> Njrpa czu;T kpf;fg; ghly;fs;.

• Foe;ijfSf;F Cf;fkspf;ff; $ba ghly;fs;.

ghujpiag; gpd;gw;wpg; ghbatu;fspy; ghujpjhrd;> ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk;

gps;is> ehkf;fy; ,uhkypq;fk; gps;is> Rj;jhde;j ghujpahu;> r.J.R.

Nahfpahu; KjypNahu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.


ghujpjhrd; ftpijiag; gpd;gw;wpg; ghbatu;fspy; Kbaurd;> thzpjhrd;>

Rujh> jkpo; xsp> ngUQ;rpj;jdhu; Nghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.

Foe;ijf; ftpij ghbatu;fspy; mo. ts;spag;gh> nydpd; jq;fg;gh>

G+tz;zd; KjypNahiuf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

kf;fs; ftpQu; gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juKk; ftpauR fz;zjhrDk;

jpiuapirg;ghly;fSf;F ,yf;fpaj; juj;ijf; nfhLj;jdu;.

GJf;ftpijGJf;ftpijGJf;ftpijGJf;ftpijGJf;ftpij

jkpopy; GJf;ftpijia mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; kfhftp ghujpahNu. GJf;ftpij

Xu; ,af;fkhfNt Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. e. gpr;r%u;j;jpAld; F.g.uh.> ty;ypf;

fz;zd; MfpNahu; ,ize;J ,jid Kd;ndLj;jdu;.

,tu;fNshL gbkf; ftpQu;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk; jUK rptuhK> mg;Jy;

uFkhd;> K. Nkj;jh> eh. fhkuhrd;> <NuhL jkpod;gd;> rpw;gp ghyRg;ukzpak;>

kPuh vdg;gLk; kP. uhN[e;jpud;> ,d;Fyhg;> ,kaghujp> thyp> mwpTkjp>

ituKj;J Nghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.

jkpopy; Gidf;fij (Gide;J fij $WtJ)jkpopy; Gidf;fij (Gide;J fij $WtJ)jkpopy; Gidf;fij (Gide;J fij $WtJ)jkpopy; Gidf;fij (Gide;J fij $WtJ)jkpopy; Gidf;fij (Gide;J fij $WtJ)

Nkiyj; Njaj;jhupd; tUifiaj; njhlu;e;J te;j Gjpa ,yf;fpa

tbtk;.

m. ehty;

M. rpWfij

rpWfij ,yf;fzq;fNshL $ba> jkpopd; Kjy; rpWfij vd Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;l fij t.Nt.R. Iaupd; (tufNdup Ntq;fl Rg;gpukzpa Iau;

1881 - 1925) ~Fsj;jq;fiu murkuk;| (1913) vd;gjhFk;.

fhjy;> tPuk;> r%fg; gpur;rpidfis cs;slf;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;j ,tuJ

fijfs; ~kq;ifau;f;furpapd; fhjy;|~kq;ifau;f;furpapd; fhjy;|~kq;ifau;f;furpapd; fhjy;|~kq;ifau;f;furpapd; fhjy;|~kq;ifau;f;furpapd; fhjy;| vd;w njhFg;ghf (1927) ntspte;jJ.

khjitah rKjha czu;T> r%fr; rPu;j;jpUj;jf; fijfs; vOjpAs;shu;.

rpWfijj; njhFjp - ~Frpfu; Fl;bf; fijfs;| (1924)

gj;jpupiffspd; gq;F :gj;jpupiffspd; gq;F :gj;jpupiffspd; gq;F :gj;jpupiffspd; gq;F :gj;jpupiffspd; gq;F :

jkpo;r; rpWfij tsu;r;rpapy; gj;jpupiffspd; gq;F ,d;wpaikahjJ.

[Mde;j tpfld;> fiykfs;> fhe;jp> kzpf;nfhbg; gj;jpupif (1933 - 1947)]

kzpf;nfhbapy; vOjpa vOj;jhsu;fs;kzpf;nfhbapy; vOjpa vOj;jhsu;fs;kzpf;nfhbapy; vOjpa vOj;jhsu;fs;kzpf;nfhbapy; vOjpa vOj;jhsu;fs;kzpf;nfhbapy; vOjpa vOj;jhsu;fs;

GJikg;gpj;jd;> F.g.uh.> uhikah> e. rpjk;gu Rg;gpukzpad;> rp.R.

nry;yg;gh> vk;.tp. ntq;fl; uhkd;> nksdp Nghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.

,U tbtq;fs;.


1 GJikg;gpj;jd; (nrh. tpUj;jhryk;) (1906 - 1948)

- rpWfij kd;dd; vd miof;fg;gLfpwhu;.

- ajhu;j;jk;> GJtifahd eil> GJg;GJ cj;jpfs;> Gjpa

fUj;Jf;fs;> GJikg;ghu;it> Gul;rp Nehf;F.

• jkpo;r; rpWfij tuyhw;wpd; jpir jpUg;G ikak;.

• kzpf;nfhb gj;jpupifapy; mjpfk; vOjpatu;.

• rpWfijj; njhFjpfs; - GJikg;gpj;jd; fijfs;> fhQ;rid Kjypa

gy njhFjpfs;

• gpugykhd fijfs; : ~nghd;dfuk;|> gpuk;khtP\];> tpehaf rJu;;j;jp>

flTSk; fe;jrhkpg;gps;isAk;> fapw;wuT> fte;jDk; fhkDk;> mfypif>

rhgtpNkhrdk;> Gjpa ee;jd; Kjypad

• ~Jd;gf; Nfzp| - ,yq;iff;Fg; Gyk; ngau;e;j Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs;

gw;wpa ftpij.

• rpWfijapy; gy gupNrhjid Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;L> cUtk;> cj;jp

Mfpatw;wpy; gy khw;wq;fisf; nfhzu;e;jtu;.

• jdf;nfd;W xU jdpj;Jt milahsj;Jld; ciueilg; ghzpapid

(Style) mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;.

• fUg;nghUs;fspy; r%f vs;siy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lhu;. gioa

Guhz ,jpfhrf; fijkuGfisf; fl;Lilj;Jg; Gjpa gupkhzj;jpy;

vOjpatu;.

• ftpij> rpdpkh> nkhopngau;g;G Mfpa JiwfspYk; fhy; gjpj;jtu;.

2. gp. v];. uhikah

3. F.g. uh[Nfhghyd;

4. nksdp

fy;fp> jp.[.u> F. mofpuprhkp> yh.r.uh.> tpe;jd;> ty;ypf; fz;zd;>

rpjk;gu uFehjd;> jp. [hdtpuhkd;> Re;ju uhkrhkp> rp. uh[ehuhazd;

vd;NghUk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.

n[afhe;jd; (1934)

njhFjpfs; : Afre;jp> xU gpbNrhW> fUizapdhy; my;y> rf;fuq;fs;

- epw;gjpy;iy> n[afhe;jd; rpWfijfs;

jkpopy; ehty;jkpopy; ehty;jkpopy; ehty;jkpopy; ehty;jkpopy; ehty;

ehty;> rpWfijf;F Kd;dNu jkpopy; vOjg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.

1. Ntjehafk; gps;is - gpujhg Kjypahu; rupj;jpuk;> RFzRe;jup (19

Mk; E}w;whz;by; vOe;jit)

2. uh[ikau; - fkyhk;ghs; rupj;jpuk; (19 Mk; E}w;whz;by; vOe;jJ)

3. khjitah - gj;khtjp rupj;jpuk; (19 Mk; E}w;whz;by; vOe;jJ)

fy;fp (uh. fpU\;z%u;j;jp 1899 - 1954)fy;fp (uh. fpU\;z%u;j;jp 1899 - 1954)fy;fp (uh. fpU\;z%u;j;jp 1899 - 1954)fy;fp (uh. fpU\;z%u;j;jp 1899 - 1954)fy;fp (uh. fpU\;z%u;j;jp 1899 - 1954)

• tuyhw;W ehty;fs; (nghd;dpapd; nry;td;> ghu;j;jpgd; fdT> rptfhkpapd;

rgjk;)

• jpahfG+kp (tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l czu;T)

• miy Xir> fs;tdpd; fhjyp (r%f ehty;fs;)

fy;fpiag; gpd;gw;wp mfpyd;> n[frpw;gpad;> rhz;by;ad;> eh. ghu;j;jrhujp>

Nrh. tp. kzpNrfud; Nghd;Nwhu; rpwe;j tuyhw;W ehty;fisj; je;jdu;.


t. uh. (t. uhkrhkp Iaq;fhu;)t. uh. (t. uhkrhkp Iaq;fhu;)t. uh. (t. uhkrhkp Iaq;fhu;)t. uh. (t. uhkrhkp Iaq;fhu;)t. uh. (t. uhkrhkp Iaq;fhu;)

r%fr; rPu;j;jpUj;j Nehf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l> ngz;fis ikag;gLj;jpa

ehty;fs; ~Re;jup| - 1917> Nfhijj; jPT - 1946>

f.eh. Rg;gpukzpak; - - - - - ngha;j;jPT> mRufzk;

K. tujuhrd; - kyu; tpop> my;yp> fupj;Jz;L> fs;Nsh fhtpaNkh

mfpyd; - ghit tpsf;F> rpj;jpug; ghit> fay; tpop>

ngz;> ,d;g epidT

eh. ghu;j;j rhujp - FwpQ;rp kyu;

Mu;. rz;Kf Re;juk; - mWtil (1959)> rl;b Rl;lJ (1965)> ehfg;gd;

rp. R. nry;;yg;gh - thry;

uh[k; fpU\;zd; - FwpQ;rpj;Njd;

ePy. gj;kehjd; - jiy Kiwfs;

Re;ju uhkrhkp - xU Gspa kuj;jpd; fij

n[afhe;jd;n[afhe;jd;n[afhe;jd;n[afhe;jd;n[afhe;jd; ----- xU ebif ehlfk; ghu;f;fpwhs;> rpy Neuq;fspy; rpy

kdpju;fs;> fq;fh vq;Nf Nghfpwhs;> xU kdpjd; xU

tPL xU cyfk;

ehtypd; Gjpa Nghf;Ffs; - ngz;zpak;> jypj;jpak;

jkpopy; ehlfk; (jw;fhyk;)jkpopy; ehlfk; (jw;fhyk;)jkpopy; ehlfk; (jw;fhyk;)jkpopy; ehlfk; (jw;fhyk;)jkpopy; ehlfk; (jw;fhyk;)

,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; jkpo; ehlfq;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fthwhd tsu;r;rpiaf;

fhl;bd.

1. rq;fujh]; Rthkpfs; (1867 - 1922)

ts;sp jpUkzk;> rpWj;njhz;lu;> rj;jpathd; rhtpj;jpup> gtsf; nfhb>

mgpkd;A Re;jup Nghd;w ehw;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehlfq;fis vOjp

NkilNaw;wpdhu;.

2. gk;ky; rk;ge;j Kjypahu; - etPd jkpo; ehlfj;jpd; je;ij (1873 - 1964)

uj;dhtsp> kNdhfuh Kjypa 80 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehlfq;fis

vOjpAs;shu;.

3. jpuhtpl r%fj;jpdu; jkJ nfhs;iffisg; gpurhuk; nra;a Xu; typik

tha;e;j MAjkhf ehlfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpdu;.

• mwpQu; mz;zhj;Jiu - (Ntiyf;fhup> fhjy; N[hjp)

• fiyQu; K. fUzhepjp - (J}f;FNkil> kzkFlk;)




nra;Aq;fs;.

• jkpo;f;ftpij kWkyu;r;rpaile;j tuyhW

• etPdfhy (,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L)j; jkpo;f; ftpijfspd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfs;

/rpwg;gpay;Gfs;• etPd fhy (,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L) jkpo;r; rpWfijfspd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfs;

• jkpo;r; rpWfij tsu;r;rpapy; GJikg;gpj;jdpd; gq;fspg;G.



3 .03.03.03.03.0 :::::

6 .06.06.06.06.0 :::::

7 .07.07.07.07.0 :::::

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1 .11.11.11.11.1 :::::

1 .21.21.21.21.2

1.31.31.31.31.3

1.41.41.41.41.4

1.51.51.51.51.5

3.13.13.13.13.1

6.16.16.16.16.1

6.26.26.26.26.2

7.17.17.17.17.1






<oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;Ffis

mwpe;J fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.




nraw;gLthu;.

re;ju;g;gj;jpw;Fk; #o;epiyf;Fk; Vw;wtifapy;

gz;NghL ciuahLthu;.


gz;NghL NgRthu;.



Kd;itg;ghu;.

gy;NtW re;ju;g ;gq;fs; Nehf;fq;fSf;F Vw;g

nraw;gLthu;.



fhyg; gFg;gpd; gpd;dzpiaAk; mt;tf;fhyg;gFjpapy;

vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; mwpe;J fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itg;ghu;.

Gytu ;fs; > gilg ;ghspfspdJ gilg ;ghw ;wy ;

jpwd;fisAk; gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J $Wthu;.

nkhopapd; ,d;wpaikahik> tsu;r;rp> nraw;ghL

mtw;wpd; gpd;dzp vd;gtw;iw mwpe;J $Wthu;.


<oj;J ,yf;fpa tuyhW<oj;J ,yf;fpa tuyhW<oj;J ,yf;fpa tuyhW<oj;J ,yf;fpa tuyhW<oj;J ,yf;fpa tuyhW



• Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpaq;fis tifg;gLj;jp vOJthu;.

• ciueil tsu;r;rpf;F gj;jpupifapd; gq;fspg;gpid tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

• ,f;fhyg;gFjpapd; ,yf;fpa tsu;;r;rpapy; kp\dupkhupd; gq;fspg;gpidf;

Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• Gjpa ,yf;fpa tbtq;fspd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk; gw;wpf; $Wthu;.

• ,f;fhyg;gFjpapd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;G nra;Njhupy;

Kjd;ikahdtu;fs; gw;wp $Wthu;.


• xy;yhe;ju; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd; gpd;du; mtu;fsplkpUe;J 1796 ,y;

fiuNahuq;fis Mq;fpNyau; ifg;gw;wpdu;.

• Mq;fpNyau; 1815 ,y; fz;biaf; ifg;gw;wpaJld; ,yq;if

KOtijAk; jkjhl;rpapd; fPo; nfhz;L te;jdu;.

• Mq;fpNyau; Ml;rpapd; fPo; ,yq;ifapd; murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu>

gz;ghl;L epiyfspy; kl;Lkd;wp ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfspYk; khw;wq;fs;

Vw;gl;ld.

• ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw tsu;r;rpapdhy; njd;dpe;jpahtpypUe;J nfhz;L

tug;gl;l jkpou;fs; kiyehl;by; FbNaw;wg;gl;lik gpw;fhyj;jpy;

kiyaf ,yf;fpaq;fs; cUthf topNaw;gLj;jpaJ.

• fpwp];jt rkak; RNjrpfspilNa gug;gg;gl;lJ.

• kp\dupkhu; tUifapdhy; Kiwrhu; fy;tp Muk;gkhdJld;

fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy; fy;Y}upfs; jhgpf;fg;gl;ld.

• mr ;Rf ;$lq ;fs ; gy e pWtg ;gl ;lik gj pg ; G Kaw ;r pfs ;

Nkw ;nfhs;sg ;gLtjw;Fk; gj ;j pu piffs; ntsptUtjw;Fk;

fhuzkhfpaJ.

• kuGtopf; fy;tpapd; gadhf kuGrhu; ,yf;fpaq;fs; cUthfpd.

• rkag;gpurhu ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.

• Mq;fpyq;fw;w kj;jpaju tu;f;fj;jpdu; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJld; etPd

,yf;fpaj;JiwapYk; tsu;r;rp Vw;gl;lJ.

• Kjyhspj;Jt nghUshjhu Kiw Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;.,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;.,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;.,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;.,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;.

• Mq;fpNyau; fhy ,yf;fpaq;fis %d;W tifahf tifg;gLj;jyhk;.

1. kugpd; njhlu;r;rp

- eFykiy FwtQ;rp (1895)

- ,sirg; Guhzk; (1897)

- nkh`jPd; Guhzk; (1889)

- Qhdhde;j Guhzk; (1874)

Mq;fpNyau; fhyk;Mq;fpNyau; fhyk;Mq;fpNyau; fhyk;Mq;fpNyau; fhyk;Mq;fpNyau; fhyk;


2. etPdk; + kuG- fdfpGuhzk;

- Nfhl;Lg; Guhzk;

- jhy Guhzk;

- jj;ijtpL J}J

- #J Guhzk;

- Nfhl;lhw;Wg; Guhzk;

- $u;kGuhzk;

- NahNrg;Gg; Guhzk;

- GypA+u;g;Guhzk;

- Njhd;wpj; jyg; Guhzk;

3. etPd Kaw;rpfs;

- Jz;Lg; gpuRuk;

- fz;ldk;

- gjpg;G Kaw;rp

- fiyf;fsQ;rpak;

- mfuhjp

- trdE}y;fs;

- ghlE}y;fs;

- ,yf;fpa tuyhW

- jkpo; GSuhf; (1859)

- ghtyu; rupj;jpu jPgfk; (1886)

- Ma;T E}y;fs;

- ehty;

- m]d;Ng rupj;jpuk; (1885)

- Nkhfdhq;fp (1892)

- ehlfk;

- tpyhrk;

- rgh ehlfq;fs; ehlf tbtq;fs;

- bwhkhNkhb

- nkhopngau;g;G

(jkpo; Mq;fpyk;)

- mupr;re;jpud; ehlfk;

- FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L

- gj;jpupiffs;

• jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpapy; MWKfehtyupd; gq;F

1. gjpg;G Kaw;rp

2. ciueilf;fhd gq;fspg;G - nra;As; E}y;fis ciueilapy;

Mf;fpaik 3. ghlg; Gj;jfq;fs;

4. FwpaPL gad;gLj;jpaik - Mq;fpy Kiwg;gb

5. ,yf;fz E}y;

6. gioa E}y;fSf;F ciu vOjpaik

7. fz;ldg; gpuRuq;fs;

8. Guhz kuG

9. gpurq;f kuG


(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) ,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G

• rkar; rhu;G E}y;fs;

• gy;tif ciueilg; ghq;Ffs;

(gj;jpupif eil> ghlg;Gj;jf eil> fl;Liu eil> fz;ld eil>

Mf;f ,yf;fpa eil)

• etPd ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs; Njhw;wk;

ehty;

rpWfij

• jkpopy; mwptpay; fUj;Jf;fspd; guty;

• ciukuG

• nkhopngau;g;G - jkpopy; ,Ue;J Mq;fpyj;Jf;Fk; Mq;fpyj;jpypUe;J

jkpOf;Fk; E}y;fs; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;lik.

• rKjhar; rPu;j;jpUj;jf; fUj;Jf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wik

cjhuzk; : Nfhl;Lg; Guhzk;

jj;ij tpLJ}J - ngz; tpLjiy

• Ma;T Kiwapay; mwpKfkhjy;

• jpwdha;T Kaw;rpfs;

• xg;gpay; Jiw tsu;r;rp

• Mq;fpy nkhopr; nry;thf;Fj; jkpo; nkhopapy; ,lk; ngwy;.


FO uPjpahf fye;Jiuahb> gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfis RUf;fkhf

Kd;itf;Ff.

• ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpNyau; fhy ,yf;fpaq;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.

• ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;jpNyw;gl;l ciueil tsu;r;rpf;F

gj;jpupiffs; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;gpid kjpg;gpLf.

• ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;fspy;

rkaq;fspd; nry;thf;fpidg; ngUkstpy; fhzyhk;. - myRf.

• ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpf;F

kp\dupkhu; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;gpid tpsf;Ff.

• ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;J ,yf;fpaq;fspd; gz;gpid

tptupf;Ff.

• Mq;fpNyau; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j Gjpa ,yf;fpatbtq;fspd; Njhw;wKk;

tsu;r;rpAk; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.



• ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; r%f> murpay;> nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;L epiyfspy;

kl;Lkd;wp ,yf;fpaj; JiwapYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;lik

Fwpj;J fUj;Jiug;ghu;.

• ,f;fhy jkpo;f; ftpijfspd; gz;Gfs; gw;wpf; $Wthu;.

• ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; kz;thrid tPRk; rpWfijfs; mjpfsT

vOe;jikf;fhd fhuzq;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

• 20 Mk; E}w;whz;by; rpWtu; ,yf;fpak; ngWk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidg;

gw;wp vOJthu;.

• ,f;fhy ,yq;ifj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpf;F ,];yhkpaupd; gq;fspg;gpid

tpsf;fp vOJthu;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :mwpKfk; :

• 1948 ,y; Mq;fpNyau; Ml;rpapypUe;J ,yq;if Rje;jpuk; ngw;wJ.

• Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapy; murpay;> r%f> fyhrhu> gz;ghl;L khw;wq;fs;

Ntfkhf Vw;gl;ljhy; mtw;wpd; nry;thf;F ,yf;fpaj;JiwapYk;

gpujpgypj;jJ.

• ,ytrf; fy;tpapd; gadhfTk; jha;nkhopf; fy;tpapd; gadhfTk; fy;tp

mwpTila r%fk; cUthdJ.

• nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp> fy;tp tsu;r;rp vd;gd Vw;gl;ljhy; rKjha

tpopg;Gzu;T nfhz;ltu;fs; cUthfpdu;.

• tu;f;fg; Nghuhl;lk;> rhjpg; gpur;rpid> rPjdg; gpur;rpid> ,dg; gpur;rpid

Kf;fpa ,lk;ngWjy;.

• Gyk; ngau;e;j kf;fshy; Gyk; ngau; ,yf;fpak; Njhd;wpaJ.

• nkhopngau;g;G E}y;fs; gy vOe;jd.

• fiyfspy; Mu;tk; cs;s rKjhak; fhzg;gl;ljhy; mit njhlu;ghd

,yf;fpaq;fs; cUthfpd.

• khf;rpa rpj;jhe;j fUj;Jf;fspd; gutyhf;fk;.

• gpuhe;jpa ,yf;fpa vOr;rp - td;dp> kiyafk;> kl;lf;fsg;G.

• K];ypk;fspd; ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;G

• njhlu;ghly; rhjdq;fspd; gad;ghLk; ,yj;jpudpy; Clfq;fspd;

Mjpf;fKk; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; ngUksT nry;thf;ifr; nrYj;jp

tUfpd;wd.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) ,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;,yf;fpaq;fs;

• ftpij - GJf;ftpij> trdftpij

• rpWfij

• ehty; - FWehty;> gpuNjr ehty;> tl;lhu ehty;

• ehlfk; - ,ir ehlfk;> Nkil ehlfk;> etPd ehlfk;

• jpwdha;T

• fl;Liu

jw;fhyk;jw;fhyk;jw;fhyk;jw;fhyk;jw;fhyk;


(< )(< )(< )(< )(< ) ,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G,yf;fpag; gz;G

• jkpo;ehl;L ,yf;fpag; Nghf;fpdpd;Wk; tpLtpj;J jkf;nfd jdpahd

Kj;jpiug; gjpj;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpaik.

• RNjr ,yf;fpar; rpe;jid kpf;f gilg;Gf;fs; cUthfpaik.

• gpuNjr gz;ghl;il gpujpgypf;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fs;.

(aho;g;ghzk;> kl;lf;fsg;G> kiyafk;> td;dp)

• r%f> nghUshjhu tpLjiy czu;T kpFe;jpUe;jik.

• ,d Kuz;ghLfisg; gpujpgypf;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fs;.

• rKjha czu;T kpf;f gilg;gpyf;fpaq;fs;.

• ngz;zpiy thjf; fUj;Jf;fisg; gpujpgypf;Fk; fUj;Jf;fs;.

• Gfypl mDgt ntspg;ghLfs;.

• ,yf;fpaf; Nfhl;ghLfspd; nry;thf;F - FwpaPLfs; thapyhf fUj;ij

ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.

• rpWtUf;fhd ,yf;fpaj; Njhw;wg;ghLfs;.

• jdpkdpj czu;Tfs;> cstpay; fUj;Jf;fs;> vspik> gpuNjr nkhopf;

ifahs;if.


FO uPjpahf fye;Jiuahb> gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfis RUf;fkhf

Kd;itf;Ff.

• 1980,w;Fg; gpd;du; ,yq;ifapy; Vw;gl;l r%f> murpay; gpur;rpidfs;

,yq;ifapd; jkpo;f; ftpijapy; Vw;gLj;jpa nry;thf;fpid guprPypf;Ff.

• jw;fhyj;jpy; kz;thrid tPRk; rpWfijfs; mjpfstpy; ntsptUfpd;wd

- myRf.

• ,yq;ifapy; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;L ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpapy; Clfq;fspd;

gq;fspg;gpid kjpg;gpLf.

• ,yq;ifapy; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ehty; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid

Muha;f.

• 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,yq;ifj; jkpopyf;fpa tsu;r;rpf;F ,];yhkpaupd;

gq;fspg;gpid tpgupf;Ff.

• ,yq;ifj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpapy; rpWtu; ,yf;fpak; ngWk;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid kjpg;gpLf.


Nju;r;rp 7.0:

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.1:

7.2

7.3

7.4



nkhopapd; ,d;wpaikahik> tsu;r;rp> nraw;ghL mtw;wpd;

gpd;dzp vd;gtw;iw mwpe;J $Wthu;.

vOj;Jf;fspd; tiffisAk; njhiffisAk; mwpe;J

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

nrhw;fisg; nghUswpe;J Nru;j;Jk; gpupj;Jk; vOJthu;.

nrhw;fspd; mikg;igAk; tiffisAk; mwpe;J>

nkhopiar; nrk;ikahfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.


,yf;fzk;

fw;ww;; NgWfw;ww;; NgWfw;ww;; NgWfw;ww;; NgWfw;ww;; NgW :

nkhop gw;wpAk; mjd; gpuNahfk; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J $Wthu;.

vOj;Jf;fs;> mtw;wpd; tif njhif> mtw;wpd; xypg;G Kiw Kjyhdtw;iw

,dq;fz;L ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

nrhw;fs;> nrhy;tiffs; vd;gtw;iw tpsq;fpf; ifahs;thu;.

Gzu;r;rp tpjpfSf;F mikthf vOJthu;.

nrhw;nwhlu;fs;> thf;fpaq;fs; mtw;wpd; tiffs; vd;gtw;iw mwpe;J

ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

nra;As;fspd; ahg;gpid ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

mzpfis ,dq;fz;L Kd;itg;ghu;.


nkhopapy; Gzu;r;rp vDk; njhopw;ghL ,uz;L nrhw;fs; my;yJ nrhy;yhf;ff;

$Wfs; nghUs; jUk; tifapy; xd;Wlndhd;W ,izAk; epiyapy; Vw;gLtjhFk;.

c-k; : ghy; + mg;gk; = ghyg;gk;

Nty; + gil = Ntw;gil

gb + fpW + Mu; = gbf;fpwhu;

Gj;jfk; + fs; = Gj;jfq;fs;

Gzu;r;rp epfo;tjw;F ,uz;L $Wfs; mbg;gilahfj; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. mit

nrhw;fshfNth> nrhy;yhf;ff; $WfshfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. mt;tpuz;by; Kjypy;

epw;gij epiynkhopepiynkhopepiynkhopepiynkhopepiynkhop vd;Wk; mjNdhL te;J Gzu;tij tUnkhoptUnkhoptUnkhoptUnkhoptUnkhop vd;Wk;

Rl;Ltu;.

epiynkhop <Wk; tUnkhop KjYk; xd;Nwhnlhd;Wepiynkhop <Wk; tUnkhop KjYk; xd;Nwhnlhd;Wepiynkhop <Wk; tUnkhop KjYk; xd;Nwhnlhd;Wepiynkhop <Wk; tUnkhop KjYk; xd;Nwhnlhd;Wepiynkhop <Wk; tUnkhop KjYk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W

,iaGngwg; Gzu;tNj Gzu;r;rp MFk;.,iaGngwg; Gzu;tNj Gzu;r;rp MFk;.,iaGngwg; Gzu;tNj Gzu;r;rp MFk;.,iaGngwg; Gzu;tNj Gzu;r;rp MFk;.,iaGngwg; Gzu;tNj Gzu;r;rp MFk;.

I Gwg;Gzu;r;rpAk; mfg;Gzu;r;rpAk; Gwg;Gzu;r;rpAk; mfg;Gzu;r;rpAk; Gwg;Gzu;r;rpAk; mfg;Gzu;r;rpAk; Gwg;Gzu;r;rpAk; mfg;Gzu;r;rpAk; Gwg;Gzu;r;rpAk; mfg;Gzu;r;rpAk;

• ,U nrhw;fs; nghUs; jUk; tifapy; Gzu;jy; Gwg;Gzu;r;rpGwg;Gzu;r;rpGwg;Gzu;r;rpGwg;Gzu;r;rpGwg;Gzu;r;rp vdg;gLk;.

c-k; : kio + ePu; = kioePu;

kuk; + fd;W = kuf;fd;W

xU nrhy;ypDs; nrhy;yhf;ff; $Wfs; nghUs; jUk; tifapy; xd;Wlndhd;W

,izAk; epiyapy; cz;lhtJ mfg;Gzu;r;rpmfg;Gzu;r;rpmfg;Gzu;r;rpmfg;Gzu;r;rpmfg;Gzu;r;rp vdg;gLk;.

c-k; : XL + fpd;W + Mu; = XLfpd;whu;.kuk;; + fs; = kuq;fs;

xU nrhy;Yld; Ntw;WikAUG> Rl;nlOj;J> tpdhntOj;J Kjyhdit

Gzu;tJk; mfg;Gzu;r;rpahfNt nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

c-k; : gwit + I = gwitia

m + gwit = mg;gwit

v + gwit = vg;gwit

• mfg;Gzu;r;rpapy; nrhy; cWg;Gfs; ,ilntsp ,d;wp Gzu;r;rp tpfhuq;fSld;

,izj;J vOjg;gLfpd;wd.

• Gwg;Gzu;r;rpapy; nrhw;fs; ,ilntsptpl;Lg; ngUk;ghYk; Gzu;r;rp

tpfhuq;fspd;wp gpupj;J vOjg;gLfpd;wd. vdpDk;> Gwg;Gzu;r;rpapy; mtrpakhd

,lj;J Gzu;r;rp tpfhuq;fs; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Gzupay;


• nrhy;ybg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk; NghJ Gzu;r;rpahdJ gpd;tUk; tiffspy;

Vw;glyhk;.

1. ngau;; + ngau; kzp + khiy

2. ngau; + tpid fy; + vwpe;jhd;3. tpid + ngau; Xba + khd;4. tpid + tpid Xb + te;jhd;

II ,ay;G Gzu;r;rpAk; tpfhug; Gzu;r;rpAk;,ay;G Gzu;r;rpAk; tpfhug; Gzu;r;rpAk;,ay;G Gzu;r;rpAk; tpfhug; Gzu;r;rpAk;,ay;G Gzu;r;rpAk; tpfhug; Gzu;r;rpAk;,ay;G Gzu;r;rpAk; tpfhug; Gzu;r;rpAk;

Gzu;r;rpapd; NghJ epiynkhop> tUnkhop vd;gtw;wpy; vt;tpj khw;wKk;

Vw;glhtpby; mg;Gzu;r;rp ,ay;G Gzu;r;rp,ay;G Gzu;r;rp,ay;G Gzu;r;rp,ay;G Gzu;r;rp,ay;G Gzu;r;rp vdg;gLk;.

c-k; : 1. kzp + khiy = kzpkhiy

2. ghy; + mg;gk; = ghyg;gk;3. mtu; + fs; = mtu;fs;

Gzu;r;rpapd; NghJ epiynkhopapNyh tUnkhopapNyh khw;wk; Vw;gbd;

mJ tpfhug;Gzu;r;rptpfhug;Gzu;r;rptpfhug;Gzu;r;rptpfhug;Gzu;r;rptpfhug;Gzu;r;rp vdg;gLk;. ,t;tpfhug; Gzu;r;rp %d;W tifg;gLk;.

1. Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;1. Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;1. Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;1. Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;1. Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;

epiynkhopAk; tUnkhopAk; GzUk;NghJ ,ilapy; ahNjDk; Xu; vOj;Jj;

Njhd;WtJz;L. ,J Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;Njhd;wy; tpfhuk;Njhd;wy; tpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.

c-k; : G+ + Foy; = G+ + (q;)Foy; = G+q;Foy;

je;ij + I = je;ij + (a;) I = je;ijia

gyh + ,iy = gyh + (t;),iy = gyhtpiy

fy; + I = fy; + (y;)I = fy;iy

• rhupia Njhd;WtJk; cz;L.

c-k; : Gsp + gok; = Gsp + mk; + gok; = Gspak;gok;kuk; + I = kuk; + mj;J + I = kuj;ij

Gzu;r;rpapd; NghJ Njhd;Wk; rhupiafshf md;>

Md;> mk;> Mk;> my;> mj;J> mw;W> jd;> jhd;>

jk;> jhk;> ek;> Ek;> m> M> c> x> I> F> J> d;

vd;gtw;iw ,yf;fz E}y;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

2. nfLjy; tpfhuk;2. nfLjy; tpfhuk;2. nfLjy; tpfhuk;2. nfLjy; tpfhuk;2. nfLjy; tpfhuk;

Gzu;r;rpapd; NghJ epiynkhopapNyh tUnkhopapNyh cs;s Xu; vOj;J

,y;yhkw; Nghjy; nfLjy;; tpfhuk; nfLjy;; tpfhuk; nfLjy;; tpfhuk; nfLjy;; tpfhuk; nfLjy;; tpfhuk; MFk;.

c-k; : ePyk; +thdk;= ePythdk; (k; - nfl;lJ) fjT +I = fjt;(c) + I = fjit (c - nfl;lJ)


3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . jpupjy; tpfhuk;jpupjy; tpfhuk;jpupjy; tpfhuk;jpupjy; tpfhuk;jpupjy; tpfhuk;

Gzu;r;rpapd; NghJ nrhw;fs; my;yJ nrhy;yhf;ff; $Wfspy; mike;j

VNjDk; vOj;J NtnwhU vOj;jhf khw;wkiljy; jpupjy; tpfhuk; jpupjy; tpfhuk; jpupjy; tpfhuk; jpupjy; tpfhuk; jpupjy; tpfhuk; MFk;.

c-k; : fly; + fiu = flw;fiu (y; - w; Mfj; jpupe;jJ.)

kz; + Flk; = kl;Flk; (z; - l; Mfj; jpupe;jJ.)

fhz; + l; + Md; = fz;lhd; (fh - f Mfj; jpupe;jJ.)

• ,uz;L nrhw;fs; GzUk; NghJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l tpfhuq;fSk; Vw;gLtJz;L.

c-k; : kuk; + fpis = kuf;fpis (k; - nfl;L f; - Njhd;wpaJ.)

gid + gok; = gdk;gok;gid = gd; (I - nfl;lJ)gd; + mk; = gdk; (mk; - Njhd;wpaJ)

III Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rpAk; my;topg; Gzu;r;rpAk;Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rpAk; my;topg; Gzu;r;rpAk;Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rpAk; my;topg; Gzu;r;rpAk;Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rpAk; my;topg; Gzu;r;rpAk;Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rpAk; my;topg; Gzu;r;rpAk;

• Gzu;r;rpia mjd; nghUspd; jd;ikapd; mbg;gilapy; ,uz;lhf tFg;gu;.

Ntw;Wikj;njhlu; xd;wpy; mike;j ,uz;L nrhw;fSf;fpilapyike;j

Gzu;r;rp Ntw;Wikg;Gzu;r;rpNtw;Wikg;Gzu;r;rpNtw;Wikg;Gzu;r;rpNtw;Wikg;Gzu;r;rpNtw;Wikg;Gzu;r;rp vdg;gLk;. (Kjyhk; Ntw;Wik> vl;lhk;

Ntw;Wik vd;gd jtpu;e;j Ntw;Wikj;njhlu;fNs Ntw;Wikj;njhlu;

vdg;gLk;.)

Ntw;Wikj;njhlupy; mikAk; cUGfs; njhf;F epd;Nwh ntspg;gl;Nlh

mikayhk;.

• Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rpapd; NghJ jd;ik> Kd;dpiyg; ngau;fs; jk; tbtj;jpy;

khw;wkilAk;.

c-k; : ehd; + I = vd; + I = vd;id

eP + I = cd; + I = cd;id

MW Ntw;Wikj;njhlu;fSk; my;yhj Vida njhlu;fspy; mikAk;

nrhw;fSf;fpilapyhd Gzu;r;rp my;topg;Gzu;r;rpmy;topg;Gzu;r;rpmy;topg;Gzu;r;rpmy;topg;Gzu;r;rpmy;topg;Gzu;r;rp vdg;gLk;.

c-k; : mtd; te;jhd;

ghk;G ghk;G

Ntw;WikAUG njhf;F epw;wy; Ntw;WikAUG ntspg;gl;L epw;wy;

1. tPL fl;bdhd;.

2. ghlrhiy Nghdhd;.

3. kuf;fpis

tPl;ilf; fl;bdhd;.

ghlrhiyf;Fg; Nghdhd;.

kuj;jpdJ fpis


,t;thwhd Ntw;Wikj;njhlu;> my;topj;njhlu; vDk; ,Utifj; njhlu;fSk;

xNu nrhw;fshYk; mikayhk;. mr;nrhw;fs; Ntw;Wikj;njhlupYk;

my;topj;njhlupYk; NtWNtW tpjkhfg; GzUk;.

c-k; : gR> fd;W <d;wJ.

gRf;fd;W XbaJ.

IV capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk; nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk;.capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk; nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk;.capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk; nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk;.capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk; nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk;.capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk; nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpAk;.

• vOj;J mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ Gzu;r;rpahdJ gpd;tUk; tiffspy;

vw;glyhk;.

1. capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp

(m) capu; + capu; gyh + ,iy

(M) capu; + nka; gyh + fha;

2. nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp

(m) nka; + nka; fy; + rpiy

(M) nka; + capu; jha; + cs;sk;

Gzu;r;rpg; gad;ghL Gzu;r;rpg; gad;ghL Gzu;r;rpg; gad;ghL Gzu;r;rpg; gad;ghL Gzu;r;rpg; gad;ghL

,yf;fz E}y;fs; vOj;J mbg;gilapy; Gzu;r;rp tpjpfis gpd;tUk; mbg;gilapy;

tFj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd.

capu; + capu;

gyh + ,iy

1. capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp

capu; + nka;gyh + fha;

nka; + capu;

jha; + cs;sk;

2. nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp

nka; + nka;fy; + rpiy

• Gzu;r;rp tpjpfs; gytw;Wf;Fg; Gweilfs; ,Ug;gij ciuahrpupau;fs;

vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;sdu;. ,t;tpjpfisAk; GweilfisAk; khztu; epidtpy;

itj;jpUg;gJ vspjd;W. ,yf;fpag; gapw;rpapdhNyNa nrhw;Gzu;r;rpfis

epidtpy; epWj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,d;W> gj;jpupiffspYk; Vida

Clfq;fspYk; Gzu;r;rp tpjpfs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tof;fpy; ,y;yhj


gpuNahfq;fis ~fbnrhy;ypy;iy fhyj;Jg; gbNd| vd;gjw;fpzq;f

tpl;Ltpl;lhYk; jkpo;nkhopf;Nf rpwg;ghf cupj;jhd mtrpakhd tpjpfis

ehk; Gwe;js;sptpl KbahJ. ,d;iwa epiyapy; khzhf;fu; mwpe;jpUf;f

Ntz;ba tpjpfis ,q;F Nehf;FNthk;.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. capuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpcapuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpcapuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpcapuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpcapuPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp

1 .11.11.11.11.1 capu; Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;capu; Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;capu; Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;capu; Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;capu; Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;

,> <> I vd;Dk; %d;W capuPw;wpd; Kd;Dk; capu; Kjy;nkhop

te;jhy;> ,ilapy; afuk; clk;gL nka;ahf tUk;.

cjhuzk; : I fpsp + myF = fpspayFjP + vupe;jJ = jPnaupe;jJgid + Xiy = gidNahiy

II fpsp + I = fpspia

vyp + My; = vypahy;G+id + My; = G+idahy;

2. m> M> c> C> x> X> xs vd;Dk; VO capuPw;wpd; Kd;Dk; capu;

Kjd; nkhop te;jhy; ,ilapy; tfu clk;gL nka; Njhd;Wk;.

I gy + mzp = gytzp

gyh + ,iy = gyhtpiy

jpU + mb = jpUtbNfh + ,y; = Nfhapy;

II gyh + I = gyhit

gR + My; = gRthy;G+ + My; = G+thy;

• mfg; Gzu;r;rpapy; clk;gLnka; fl;lhak; Njhd;Wk;. Gwg;Gzu;r;rpapy;

clk;gLnka; ,y;yhky; gpupj;J vOJtNj jw;fhykuG.

• Gzu;r;rpapy; cld;gLnka; Nru;j;J vOj Ntz;ba ,lq;fs;.

1. mfg;Gzu;r;rpapy; clk;gLnka; Nru;j;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.

2. njhifr; nrhw;fs; my;yJ $l;Lg; ngau;fs; mfg;Gzu;r;rpf;Fupait.

Mifahy;> mq;Fk; clk;gLnka; Nru;j;J vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzk; : khtpiy> gidNahiy> Nfhapy; / Nfhtpy;3. cld;> XL Mfpa nrhy;YUGfs; tUk; NghJk; clk;gLnka; Nru;j;J

vOj Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzk; : mg;gh + cld; mg;ghTld;

mg;gh + XL mg;ghNthL

je;ij + cld; je;ijAld;

je;ij + XL je;ijNahL


4. nra;j vDk; tha;ghl;L tpidnar;rj;Jld; cld; vd;Dk; ,ilr;nrhy;

GzUk; NghJ clk;gLnka;iar; Nru;j;J vOjNtz;Lk;.

cjhuzk; : nra;jTld;> te;jTld;> epd;wTld;> fz;lTld;>

ghu;j;jTld;

5. nra;a vd;w tha;ghl;L tpidnar;rj;Jld; ,y;iy vd;Dk; vjpu;kiw

tpid GzUk; NghJ clk;gLnka; Nru;j;J vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzk; : nra;atpy;iy> Nghftpy;iy> tutpy;iy> ghu;f;ftpy;iy

6. Gwg;Gzu;r;rpapy; clk;gLnka;iaj; jtpu;j;J nrhw;fis gpupj;J

vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.

1.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.1 Fw;wpaYfug; Gzu;r;rpFw;wpaYfug; Gzu;r;rpFw;wpaYfug; Gzu;r;rpFw;wpaYfug; Gzu;r;rpFw;wpaYfug; Gzu;r;rp

Fw;wpaYfutPw;Wr; nrhw;fSf;F Kd; tUnkhop Kjypy; capu; vOj;J

te;jhy;> Fw;wpaYfuk; nfl;Lg; GzUk; jw;fhyj; jkpopy; nrhy;

,Wjpapy; tUk; vy;yh cfuKk; ngupJk; Fw;wpaYfukhfNt

xypj;jhYk; Gzu;r;rpapy; nkhop ,Wjpapy; tUk; cfuq;fs; vy;yhk;

nfLtjpy;iy.

(m) mWtiff; Fw;wpaYfuKk; Gzu;r;rpapy; nfLk; (capu;tupd;

cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;.)

cjhuzk; : gl;L + Mil = gl;lhil

khR + miljy; = khriljy;

(M) mfg;Gzu;r;rpapy; <w;Wfuk; nfLk;.

cjhuzk; : mJ + I = mij

fjT + I = fjit

,UK + my; = ,Uky;

• jw;fhyj;jpy; Gwg;Gzu;r;rpapy; capu;Kd; ngUk;ghYk; Fw;wpaYfuk;

nfLtjpy;iy.

cjhuzk; : mtu; vdf;F vOjpa fbjk;.

• jw;fhyj; jkpopy; Fw;wpaYfuk; Gzu;e;j gy nrhw;fs; tof;fpy; cs;sd.

,tw;iw xU nrhy;yhfNt gad;gLj;Jtjhy; mfg;Gzu;r;rpahNt

nfhs;sg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : tuNtw;G

fhNrhiy

fjtilg;G

tPlw;Nwhu;

fhw;whb

$l;lhl;rp


1.21.21.21.21.2 capu;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;capu;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;capu;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;capu;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;capu;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;

1.2.11.2.11.2.11.2.11.2.1 capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;

(m) f;> m> , Mfpa Rl;L kw;Wk; tpdh vOj;jhd v Mfpa

vOj;Jf;fis mLj;J tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : m + fhyk; = mf;fhyk;

, + glk; = ,g;glk;v + fhyk; = vf;fhyk;

(M) me;j> ,e;j> ve;j Mfpa Rl;L> tpdhr; nrhw;fis mLj;JtUk;

ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : me;j + fhL = me;jf;fhL

ve;j + Gytd; = ve;jg;Gytd;

(,) nra;a vd;Dk; tha;g;ghl;L mfu <w;W tpidnar;rj;ij mLj;J

tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : tu + nrhd;dhu; = tur;nrhd;dhu;

(<) Mfhu <w;W vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rj;ij mLj;JtUk; ty;ypdk;

kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : Mwh + Jau; = Mwhj;Jau;

(c) ,fu <w;W tpid vr;rj;ij mLj;JtUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : ghb + gofpdhd; = ghbg;gofpdhd;.

(C) mg;gb> ,g;gb> vg;gb> ,dp Mfpa tpidailfis mLj;JtUk;

ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : mg;gb + nra;jhu; = mg;gbr;nra;jhu;.

,dp + nfhLf;fyhk; = ,dpf;nfhLf;fyhk;.(v) ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;w ngau;r;nrhw;fis mLj;JtUk;

ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; :

mtUf;F + nfhLj;jhu; = mtUf;Ff; nfhLj;jhu;.

Ntiyf;F + fs;sd; = Ntiyf;Ff; fs;sd;.

(V) td;nwhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuj;ij mLj;JtUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : fUj;J + $wpdhd; = fUj;Jf; $wpdhd;.

(I) ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;w ngau;r;nrhy;iy mLj;JtUk;

ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : ghia + RUl;L = ghiar; RUl;L


(x) Ntw;Wikj; njhifr; nrhw;fspy; capuPw;iw mLj;J tUk;

ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : FUtp + FQ;R = FUtpf; FQ;R

(X) tpidj;njhif jtpu;e;j njhifr; nrhw;fspy; ngUk;ghYk;

ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : Gj;jp + $u;ik = Gj;jpf; $u;ik

ngl;b + fil = ngl;bf; fil

nts;is + Njhy; = nts;isj;Njhy;

(xs) mq;F> ,q;F> vq;F Mfpa nrhw;fis mLj;JtUk; ty;ypdk;

kpFk; vd;W gioa ,yf;fz E}y;fs; $wpDk; jw;fhyj;jpy;

ty;ypdk; kpfhky; vOJtNj ngUtof;F

cjhuzk; :

mq;F + nrd;Nwd; = mq;Fr; nrd;Nwd; (goik)

mq;F nrd;Nwd; (jw;fhyk;)

1.2.21.2.21.2.21.2.21.2.2 capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;.capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;.capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;.capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;.capu; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;.

(m) vOtha; Ntw;Wikj; njhlupYk; tpspNtw;Wikj; njhlupYk;

ty;ypdk; ngUk;ghYk; kpfh

cjhuzk; : Nfhop + $tpw;W = Nfhop$tpw;W

ez;gh + Nfs; = ez;ghNfs;

(M) tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;Wj; njhlupy;> ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : tPo;f + jz;Gdy; = tPo;f jz;Gdy;

(,) %d;whk; Ntw;Wik xL> XL vd;Dk; cUGfSld; GzUk;

ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; :

MrpupaNuhL + Nghdhu; = MrpupaNuhLNghdhu;

(<) epd;W> ,Ue;J vd;Dk; Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj; nrhy;YUGfSld;

GzUk; ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : kiyapypUe;J + ghAkUtp = kiyapypUe;J

ghAkUtp

(c) Mwhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfSf;Fg; gpd;tUk; ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : vdJ + if = vdJ if


(C) vl;L> gj;J (,it td;nwhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;) vd;gd xope;j

Vida capuPw;W vz;Zg; ngau;fSf;Fg; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : xU + nghOJ = xU nghOJ

,U + fz;fs; = ,Ufz;fs;

(Mdhy; vl;Lj;njhif> gj;Jg;ghl;L vd td;nwhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfur;

nrhw;fSf;Fg; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpf;fik fhz;f.)

(v) mfutPw;Wg; nganur;rq;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : gbj;j + igad; = gbj;j igad;

(V) tpidj;njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : RL + NrhW = RL NrhW

(I) td ;nwhlu ; f ; Fw ; w paYfuk ; my ;yhj cfut Pw ;W

tpidnar;rq;fSf;Fg; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : fz;L + nfhz;Nld; = fz;Lnfhz;Nld;

vd;W + $wpdhd; = vd;W $wpdhd;

(x) my;topapy;> td;nwhlu; jtpu;e;j Vida Fw;wpaYfuq;fSf;Fg;

gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfh.

cjhuzk; : MW + ghAk; = MWghAk;

1.2.31.2.31.2.31.2.31.2.3 capu;Kd; nky;ypdk; capu;Kd; nky;ypdk; capu;Kd; nky;ypdk; capu;Kd; nky;ypdk; capu;Kd; nky;ypdk; / ,ilapdk; Gzu;jy; ,ilapdk; Gzu;jy; ,ilapdk; Gzu;jy; ,ilapdk; Gzu;jy; ,ilapdk; Gzu;jy;

(m) m> ,> v Mfpa Rl;L> tpdh vOj;Jf;fspd; Kd; tUk; Q> e>

k> t Mfpa nky;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; kpFk;. afuk; te;jhy;

tfuk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : m + Qhdk; = mQ;Qhdk;

m + ahid = mt;ahid

(M) Vida vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; ,ay;ghfg; GzUk;

cjhuzk; : ve;j + E}y; = ve;jE}y;ngupa + tPL = ngupatPL

rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :

1. rpy kug;ngau; Kd; ty;ypdk; GzUk; NghJ ntt;NtW

tpfhuq;fs; ,lk;ngWk;.

(m) ,dnky;nyOj;J kpFjy;.

cjhuzk; : kh + fha; = khq;fha;

(M) mk;Kr;rhupia Njhd;Wjy;.

cjhuzk; : Gsp + fha; = Gspaq;fha;

(,) epiy nkhopaPw;W Ifhuq;nfl;L mk;Kr;rhupia

Njhd;Wjy;.

cjhuzk; : khJis + fha; = khJsq;fha;


2. rpy nkd;nwhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfutPw;W nkhopfs;> ,Wjpapy; Ifhur;

rhupia ngw;WtUk;.

cjhuzk; : gz;L + fhyk; = gz;ilf;fhyk;

3. Fw;wpaYfutPw;Wj; jpirg; ngau;fSld;> jpirg;ngau;fSk;

gpw ngau;fSk; GzUk; NghJ> epiynkhop ntt;NtW

tpfhuq;fisg; ngw;Wg; GzUk;.

cjhuzk; :

tlf;F + fpof;F = tlfpof;F(epiynkhop <w;W capu;nka;Ak; mfunthw;Wk; nfLjy;)

njw;F + kiy = njd;kiy

(<w;Wapu; nka;nfl;L> wfuk; d fukhfj; jpupe;jJ)

Nkw;F + tPjp = Nky;tPjp(<w;Wapu; nka; nfl;L> wfuk; yfukhfj; jpupjy;)

4. cfutPw;W vz;Zg; ngau;g; Gzu;r;rp

cjhuzk; :

xd;W + Mapuk; = Xuhapuk;xd;W + Nfhb = xUNfhb

%d;W + Mapuk; = %thapuk;

%d;W + fdp = Kf;fdp

5. vz;Zg; ngaupd; NtW Gzu;r;rpfs;

(m) $l;ly; :

cjhuzk; : gj;J + ,uz;L = gd;dpuz;L

(M) ngUf;fy;

cjhuzk; : gj;J + gj;J = gjpw;Wg;gj;J

(,) ,ul;bj;jy;

cjhuzk; : xd;W + xd;W = xt;nthd;W

2. 2. 2. 2. 2. nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpnka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpnka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpnka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rpnka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp

2 .12.12.12.12.1 nka;Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; capu; Gzu;jy;.

(m) fy;> kz;> nghd;> ney; vd;gd Nghy; jdpf; Fw;nwOj;ij

mLj;J> nrhy;ypWjpapy; tUk; nka;fs;> tUnkhop Kjypy;

capu;tupd; ,ul;bj;Jg; GzUk;.

cjhuzk; : fy; + I = fy;iy

nghd; + I = nghd;id

capu; Kjy; tUnkhop

Kd; % vd;Wk;

Vidatplj;J K vd;Wk;

jpupAk;.

capu; Kjy; tUnkhopahapd; Xu;

vd;whFk;@ capUk; afuKky;yhj

vOj;Jf;fs; tUnkhop Kjyhapd;

xU vdj; jpupgilAk;.


Gwg; Gzu;r;rpapy; <w;W nka; ,ul;bf;fhJ ,ay;ghfg; Gzu;tJ

Nghy; vOJtJ jw;fhy tof;F.

cjhuzk; : tz;bapypUe;J ney; ,wf;fg;gl;lJ.

(M) Vida nrhw;fspd; <w;wpy; tUk; nka; tUnkhop Kjypy;

tUk; capUld; ,ize;J capu;nka;ahFk;.

cjhuzk; : fhy; + I = fhiy (,ay;G Gzu;r;rp)

jw;fhyj;jpy;> epiynkhop <w;W nka;Ak; tUnkhop Kjy;

capUk; ,ize;J capu;nka; Mf vOjg;gLtjpy;iy.

cjhuzk; : mtu; vq;fs; mk;kh

2.22.22.22.22.2 nka;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;.nka;Kd; nka; Gzu;jy;.

2.2.12.2.12.2.12.2.12.2.1 kfu<Wkfu<Wkfu<Wkfu<Wkfu<W

(m) njhifr; nrhy;yhf;fj;jpy; kfu <w;wpd; Kd; ty;ypdk; tupd;

kfu <W nfl;L ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : kuk; + ngl;b = kug;ngl;brJuk; + gyif = rJug;gyif

(M) NtW rpy njhifr; nrhy;yhf;fj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; mk;rhupiaapd;

kfutPW ty;ypdk; tupd; mjw;F ,dkhfj; jpupAk;.

(mk;)

cjhuzk; : kh + Njhg;G = khe;Njhg;G (mk;)

gid + fs; = gdq;fs;

(,) fs; tpFjp kfutPw;Wg; ngaUld; Gzupd; kfuk; qfukhfj;

jpupAk;.

cjhuzk; : ehk; + fs; = ehq;fs;(<) jw;fhyj; jkpopy; Gwg;Gzu;r;rpapy; kfu <W ty;ypdj;Jf;F

,dkhfj; jpupjy; ngUtof;F my;y.

cjhuzk; : ehDk; jk;gpAk; tpisahbNdhk;.

(c) kfu <w;Wg; ngau;r; nrhw;fs; Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;Fk; NghJ

mj;Jr; rhupia ngWk;.

cjhuzk; : kuk; + mj;J + I = kuj;ij

2.2.22.2.22.2.22.2.22.2.2 zfu> dfu <Wzfu> dfu <Wzfu> dfu <Wzfu> dfu <Wzfu> dfu <W

(m) z> d <w;Wr; nrhw;fspd; Kd; ty;ypdk; tupd; Ntw;Wikg;

Gzu;r;rpapy; mit KiwNa l> w Mfj; jpupAk; vd;gJ

,yf;fz tpjp

cjhuzk; : kz; + Flk; = kl;Flk;nghd; + njhb = nghw;nwhb


jw;fhyj; jkpopy; ,t;thW Gzu;j;jp vOJk; tof;fk; mUfp

tUfpd;wJ.

cjhuzk; : fz;fhl;rp

kz;ghj;jpuk;

(M) mfg; Gzu;r;rpapy; ,k;khw;wk; Ngzg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : khz; + rp = khl;rp

(,) zfuj;jpd; Kd; jfuk; tupd; jfuk; lfukhfj; jpupjy; ,yf;fz

tpjp

cjhuzk; : ntz;(ik) + jhkiu = ntz;lhkiu

jw;fhyj;jkpopy; ,t;thW jpupjy; ,y;iy.

Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G : dfu <w;Wr; nrhw;fspd; Kd; ty;ypdk; tupd; dfuk; wfukhfj;

jpupgiltJ goe;jkpopy; ngUtof;F.

cjhuzk; : nghw;Flk;> Kw;fhyk;> gpw;fhyk;

,tw;iw ,d;Wk; ,t;thNw vOJfpd;Nwhk;. ,it vy;yhk;

$l;Lg;ngau;fs; vd;w tifapy; mfg;Gzu;r;rpahfNt nfhs;sj;jf;fd

vd;ghu; Nguhrpupau; vk;. V. E/khd;.

2.2.32.2.32.2.32.2.32.2.3 y> s <w;Wg; Gzu;r;rpy> s <w;Wg; Gzu;r;rpy> s <w;Wg; Gzu;r;rpy> s <w;Wg; Gzu;r;rpy> s <w;Wg; Gzu;r;rp

(m) y> s <w;Wr; nrhw;fspd; Kd; ty;ypdk; tupd; mit KiwNa

w> l thfj; jpupjy; ,yf;fz kuG.

cjhuzk; : ghy; + Flk; = ghw;Flk;mUs; + nry;tp = mUl;nry;tp

• mfg; Gzu;r;rpapy; tpFjp Nru;f;Fk; NghJ ,g;Gzu;r;rptpjp

Ngzg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : nrhy; + fs; = nrhw;fs;

• nel;Lapu;fis mLj;JtUk; yfutPW ,t;thW khw;wk;

milahJ.

cjhuzk; : fhy; + fs; = fhy;fs;

(M) njhifr; nrhw;fspYk; ,e;j khw;wk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

cjhuzk; : ney; + gapu; = new;gapu;ths; + gil = thl;gil

(,) y> s Kd; jfuk; tupd; mit KiwNa w> l thfj; jpuptJ

,yf;fzkuG.

cjhuzk; : fly; + njhopy; = flw;nwhopy;kf;fs; + njhif = kf;fl;nlhif


• jw;fhyj; jkpopy; ,g;Gzu;r;rp jtpu;f;fg;gLtijf; fhzKbfpwJ.

cjhuzk; : kf;fs;njhif

ehs;NjhWk;

fy;Ftpay;

(<) y> s <w;wpd; Kd; nky;ypdk; tupd; mit KiwNa d> z

thfj; jpupAk;.

cjhuzk; : ey; + E}y; = ed;D}y;

vs; + nea; = vz;nza;

• jw;fhyj; jkpopy; xU rpy njhifr; nrhw;fs; jtpu

Vidatw;wpy; ,k;khw;wk; epfo;tjpy;iy.

cjhuzk; : E}y; eak;> ghy;kzk;

2.2.42.2.42.2.42.2.42.2.4 afutPWafutPWafutPWafutPWafutPW

(m) njhifr; nrhw;fspy; afu <w;wpd; Kd;tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : jha; + ghy; = jha;g;ghy;(M) jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;JtUk; afunka;apd; Kd; nky;ypdk;

te;jhy; mk;nky;ypdk; kpFjy; ,yf;fz tpjp

cjhuzk; : nka; + Qhdk; = nka;Q;Qhdk;

nra; + ed;wp = nra;e;ed;wp

2.2.52.2.52.2.52.2.52.2.5 ufutPWufutPWufutPWufutPWufutPW

njhifr; nrhw;fspy; ufu <w;wpd; Kd; ty;ypdk; tupd; me;j ty;ypdk;

kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : ePu; + ghk;G = ePu;g;ghk;GNju; + jpUtpoh = Nju;j;jpUtpoh

2.2.62.2.62.2.62.2.62.2.6 ofutPWofutPWofutPWofutPWofutPW

njhifr; nrhw;fspy; ofu <w;wpd; Kd; ty;ypdk; te;jhy; mt;ty;ypdk;

kpFk;.

cjhuzk; : jkpo;+ ftpij = jkpo;f;ftpij

rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :rpwg;G tpjpfs; rpy :

1. rpy dfu> ufutPw;W cau;jpizg; ngau; Kd; ehw;FzKk; Gzu;jy;

(m) ck;ikj;njhifapy; epiynkhop <Wk; tUnkhop <Wk; tpfhug;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : fgpyd; + guzd; = fgpyguzu;

Nrud; + Nrhod; + ghz;bad; = NruNrhoghz;bau;

(M) ,U nganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj; njhifapy; epiynkhop <W tpfhug;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : rptd; + ngUkhd; = rptngUkhd;KUfd; + flTs; = KUff;flTs;


• ,ilr;nrhy; vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;,ilr;nrhy; vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;,ilr;nrhy; vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;,ilr;nrhy; vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;,ilr;nrhy; vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;

ngau;r; nrhy;> tpidr; nrhy; vd;gd Nghy jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; juhky;

mtw;Wld; ,ize;J gy;NtW ,yf;fzg; nghUs; jUk; nrhw;fs; ,ilr;nrhy;

vdg;gl;ld.

cjhuzk; :- kuk; - ngau;r;nrhy;

kuq;fs; - fs; - fs; - fs; - fs; - fs; - ,ilr;nrhy;

cz;lhd; - tpidr;nrhy;

- l; l; l; l; l; + Md; - Md; - Md; - Md; - Md; - ,ilr;nrhy;

• ,ilr;nrhw;fspd; tifffs;,ilr;nrhw;fspd; tifffs;,ilr;nrhw;fspd; tifffs;,ilr;nrhw;fspd; tifffs;,ilr;nrhw;fspd; tifffs;

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . tpFjpfs;tpFjpfs;tpFjpfs;tpFjpfs;tpFjpfs;

jpizghy; tpFjpfs; - md;> Md;> Mu;

gd;ik tpFjpfs; - fs;> khu;

nganur;r tpidnar;r tpFjpfs; - m> c> ,

Mf;fg;ngau; tpFjpfs; - fhud;> fhup> ,ay;> rhyp

njhopw; ngau; tpFjpfs; - my;> jy;> mJ> ik

Vty; tpaq;Nfhs; tpFjpfs; - f> ,a> q;fs;> cq;fs;

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . rhupiafs;rhupiafs;rhupiafs;rhupiafs;rhupiafs; - - - - - mj;J> mw;W> md;> ,d;

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . ,ilepiyfs;,ilepiyfs;,ilepiyfs;,ilepiyfs;,ilepiyfs;

fhy ,ilepiyfs; - j;> l;> w;> ,d;> fpd;W> fpW> g;> t;

vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs; - M> ,y;> my;> khl;L

ngau; ,ilepiyfs; - Q;> r;

cjhuzk; : mwpQd;> ,ilr;rp

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . Ntw;Wik cUGfs;Ntw;Wik cUGfs;Ntw;Wik cUGfs;Ntw;Wik cUGfs;Ntw;Wik cUGfs; - - - - - I> My;> F> ,d;> mJ> fz;>

nfhz;L> ,Ue;J

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . ctik cUGfs;ctik cUGfs;ctik cUGfs;ctik cUGfs;ctik cUGfs; - - - - - Nghy> Giua> xg;g> tpl>

ghu;f;fpYk;> fhl;bYk;

6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . jj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jtdjj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jtdjj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jtdjj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jtdjj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jtd - - - - - ck;> x> V>

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . Fwpg;Gg; nghUs; czu;j;JtdFwpg;Gg; nghUs; czu;j;JtdFwpg;Gg; nghUs; czu;j;JtdFwpg;Gg; nghUs; czu;j;JtdFwpg;Gg; nghUs; czu;j;Jtd -----

xypf;Fwpg;G - Nfhntd> flflntd> Nrhntd

mr;rf;Fwpg;G - gf;nfd;wJ.

tpiuTf;Fwpg;G - jpBnud> lf;nfd

,ilr;nrhy;


(,tw;Wl; rpytw;wpd; mbahf ngau;r;nrhw;fSk; tpidr; nrhw;fs; ngauil>

tpidail vd;gd gpwg;gJz;L.

cjhuzk; : flflj;jJ> glglj;jJ - tpidr;nrhw;fs;

fyfyg;G> ryryg;G - ngau;r;nrhw;fs;

fyfyg;ghd - ngauil

ryryg;ghf - tpidail

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . ,izg;gpilr;nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr;nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr;nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr;nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr;nrhw;fs; - - - - - Mdhy;> MfNt> vdpDk;> ,y;iynad;why;

jj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; ,ilr;nrhw;fs;jj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; ,ilr;nrhw;fs;jj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; ,ilr;nrhw;fs;jj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; ,ilr;nrhw;fs;jj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; ,ilr;nrhw;fs;

V V V V V vz;> vjpu;kiw> Njw;wk;> gpupepiy Kjypa gy;NtW nghUs;fspy; tUk;.

cjhuzk; :

vz;Zg;nghUs; - epyNk ePNu jPNa tspNa thNdnadg; G+jq;fs; Ie;J

vjpu;kiwg;nghUs; - ehNd nra;Njd;.

,q;F ehd; nra;atpy;iy vd;Dk; nghUs; jUtjhy;

vjpu;kiwg;nghUspy; te;jJ.

Njw;wg; nghUs; - ehNd nra;Njd;

,J Njw;wg; (mOj;jg;) nghUshf tUfpwJ

jw;fhyj;jpy; ,JNt mjpfk; gapd;W tUfpd;wJ.

gpupepiyg; nghUs; - G+f;fSs; jhkiuNa rpwe;jJ.

XXXXX vjpu;kiw> Iak;; xopapir> njupepiy> tpdh> gpupepiy Kjypa gy;NtW

nghUs;fspy; tUk;.

cjhuzk;:-

vjpu;kiwg;nghUs; - vd; fztd; fs;tNdh

,q;F vd; fztd; fs;tdy;yd; vd;w nghUisj;

jUtjhy; vjpu;kiw

Iag;nghUs; - mtu; tUthNuh njupahJ

New;W mtu; CUf;Fg; NghdhNuh?

xopapirg; nghUs; - eP gbf;fNth te;jha;

,q;F> gbj;jy; jtpu;e;j Vidatw;iwf;

Fwpg;gjhy; xopapirg;nghUs;.


njupepiyg;nghUs; - MNzh mJTkd;W> ngz;Nzh mJTkd;W

,q;Nf mj;jd;ik ,y;yhikiaj; njuptpj;J

epw;wyhy; njupepiyg; nghUs;.

tpdhg;nghUs; - ,tNdh gupR ngw;whd;?

gpupepiyg;nghUs; - vy;NyhUk; rj;jk; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;

mtNdh mikjpahf ,Ue;jhd;.

jplf; Fwpg;gpd;ik - ahNuh ,q;F te;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,f;fijia vg;NghNjh gbj;jpUf;fpNwd;.

kpif - vj;jid> vt;tsT vd;w tpdhg; ngau;fSld;

Nru;e;J ~X| kpif vz;zpf;ifia czu;j;Jk;.

guPl;irf;F vj;jidNah khztu;fs; r%f

kspf;ftpy;iy.

mtd; vt;tsNth nrhj;Jf;fis ,oe;Jtpl;lhd;.

tpfw;gk; - ghNyh goNkh jh?

ck;ck;ck;ck;ck; vr;rk;;> vz;> vjpu;kiw> rpwg;G> Kw;W> Iak;;> njupepiy Kjypa nghUs;fis

czu;j;jp tUk;.

cjhuzk;:

vr;rg;nghUs; - ,irf;fr;Nrupapy; thzpAk; ghbdhs;.

,q;F thzp kl;Lkd;wp NtW rpyUk;

ghbdu; vd;w nghUSk; fpilg;gjhy;

vr;rg; nghUs; MFk;.

vz;Zg;nghUs; - vz;Zk; vOj;Jk; fz;nzdj; jFk;.

vjpu;kiwg;nghUs; - fsntLj;jhYk; ngha; nrhy;yhNj

,q;F fsntLj;jYk; MfhJ vd;gjidj;

jUtjhy; vjpu;kiwg;nghUs;.

rpwg;Gg; nghUs;

cau;T rpwg;G - fk;gDk; mwpahf; fw;gid

,opT rpwg;G - ehAk; jpd;dhr; NrhW

Kw;Wg; nghUs; - vy;NyhUk; te;jdu;.

,q;F vQ;rhky; nghUs;

czu;j;jg;gLtjhy; Kw;W.

Iag;nghUs; - mtu; te;jhYk; tUthu;.

njupepiyg; nghUs; - MZkd;W ngz;Zkd;W


ck; ,ilr;nrhy; thf;fpaj;jpy; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;yhfTk; tUk;.ck; ,ilr;nrhy; thf;fpaj;jpy; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;yhfTk; tUk;.ck; ,ilr;nrhy; thf;fpaj;jpy; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;yhfTk; tUk;.ck; ,ilr;nrhy; thf;fpaj;jpy; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;yhfTk; tUk;.ck; ,ilr;nrhy; thf;fpaj;jpy; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;yhfTk; tUk;.

- Nrud; te;jhd;. Nrhod; te;jhd;

NruDk; NrhoDk; te;jhu;fs;.

- khjq;fp ghb kfpo;e;jhs;. khjq;fp Mb kfpo;e;jhs;.

khjq;fp ghbAk; MbAk; kfpo;e;jhs;.

cWjpg;ghL - vd;d ele;jhYk; Nghl;bapy; fye;J nfhs;Ntd;.

cWjpg;ghL kWg;G - epge;jid tpidnar;rj;jpd; ck; ,izahdJ

cWjpg;ghL> kWg;G nghUs;fspy; tUk;.

ahu; Nfl;lhYk; ,ijf; nfhNld;.

kd; - Mf;fk;> xopapir> foptpuf;fk;> kpFjp Mfpa

nghUs;fspy; tUk;.

~$upaNjhu; ths; kd;| - xopapir

nfhy; - Iag;nghUspYk; mir epiyahfTk; tUk;.

Iak; - mJ nfhy; Njhop fhk NehNa

mir - fw;wjdhyhagad; vd; nfhy;.

jhd; - Njw;wk; (mOj;jk;)> tpfw;gk; Mfpa

nghUs;fspy; tUk;.

Njw;wk; - vy;yhk; mwpAk; mwpT flTSf;Fj;

jhd; cz;L.

tpfw;gk; - nghd;idj;jhd; nts;spiaj;jhd;

nfhLj;jhdh.

kl;Lk; - tiuaiwg; nghUs; jUk;

mtu; kl;Lk; tuyhk;.

,q;F ngz;fs; kl;Lk; gbf;fpwhu;fs;.

NjhWk; - gd;ik nghUspy; tUk;.

Cu; NjhWk; Myaq;fs; cz;L.

Mk; - mDkjp> nghUj;jg;ghL vd;w nghUs;fis

czu;j;Jk;.

ePq;fs; ,dpg;Nghfyhk;.

mtidg; Nghl;bf;fhfj; njupT nra;ayhk;.

tpfw;gg; nghUspy; tUtd.tpfw;gg; nghUspy; tUtd.tpfw;gg; nghUspy; tUtd.tpfw;gg; nghUspy; tUtd.tpfw;gg; nghUspy; tUtd.


MtJ - ghyhtJ NkhuhtJ Fb

Mjy; - Nrhwhjy; $ohjy; nfhL

MapDk; - tPl;byhapDk; NfhapypyhapDk; ,Ug;Ngd;.

VDk; - njhONjDk; mONjDk; cd;dUisg; ngw tpioNtd;.

jhd; - fy;iyj;jhd; kz;izj;jhd; fha;r;rpj;jhd; Fbf;fj;jhd;

fw;gpj;jhdh?

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . tpag;Gg; nghUspy; tUtdtpag;Gg; nghUspy; tUtdtpag;Gg; nghUspy; tUtdtpag;Gg; nghUspy; tUtdtpag;Gg; nghUspy; tUtd

Mfh - Mfh> #upNahjaf; fhl;rpapd; moFjhd; vd;d!

XNfh - XNfh> Cu; KOtJk; tpohf;Nfhyk; G+z;bUf;fpwNj!

mk;kk;kh - mk;kk;kh vt;tsT rdf; $l;lk;!

INah - INah ,td; tbT vd;gNjhu; mopah moFilahd;

mk;k - mk;k> me;j muz;kidapd; moifg; ghu;.

,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;

cjhuzk; : nghJj;Nju;r;rpapy; Kjyplk; ngw;w khztDk; tpisahl;Lg;

Nghl;bapy; Kjyplk; ngw;w khztDk; jkpo;j;jpdg; Nghl;bapy;

Kjyplk; ngw;w khztDk; guprspg;G tpohtpd; NghJ

nfsutpf;fg;gl;ldu;.

eP jpUkzj;jpw;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; my;yJ my;yJ my;yJ my;yJ my;yJ jpUtpohtpw;Fr;

nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

tpkhdj;jpy; gazQ; nra;ayhk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy;,y;yhtpl;lhy;,y;yhtpl;lhy;,y;yhtpl;lhy;,y;yhtpl;lhy; fg;gypy;

gazQ; nra;ayhk;.

MfNt> Mifahy;> Mjyhy; vd;gd KbTg; nghUspy;

tUk;.

- clk;G mope;jhy; capUk; mopAk;. MfNtMfNtMfNtMfNtMfNt> clk;igf;

fhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

- ftdkhfg; gbj;jhy; guPl;irapy; rpj;jp ngwyhk;.

Mjyhy; Mjyhy; Mjyhy; Mjyhy; Mjyhy; ftdkhfg; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Mapd;> Mdhy;> vdpDk; vd;gd vjpu;kiwg; nghUspy; tUk;.

- ehd; Ntiyia ,d;W Kbf;fyhk; vd;W vz;zpNdd;

MdhyMdhyMdhyMdhyMdhy; mJ rhj;jpakhftpy;iy.

- ehd; ntspehL nry;tjha; ,Ue;Njd;. vdpDk;vdpDk;vdpDk;vdpDk;vdpDk;> mjidg;

gpw;Nghl;Ls;Nsd;.


cupr;nrhw;fs; ,ilr;nrhw;fs; Nghy ngaiuAk; tpidiaAk; rhu;e;J

tUtdthFk;. mit jdpahf tUtjpy;iy.

mtu; nra;jJ rhy ed;W

Neha; $u; nkype;jhs;

ngau;g;gFgjq;fs;> tpidg; gFgjq;fs; gpwg;gjw;F ,lkha; mikAk;

mbr;nrhw;fshfTk; cupr; nrhw;fs; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

cupr; nrhw;fspd; tiffs;cupr; nrhw;fspd; tiffs;cupr; nrhw;fspd; tiffs;cupr; nrhw;fspd; tiffs;cupr; nrhw;fspd; tiffs;

cupr; nrhw;fs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.

1. xU Fzk; jOtpa cupr;nrhy;

2. gy Fzk; jOtpa cupr;nrhy;

xU Fzk; jOtpa cupr; nrhw;fs; xU Fzk; jOtpa cupr; nrhw;fs; xU Fzk; jOtpa cupr; nrhw;fs; xU Fzk; jOtpa cupr; nrhw;fs; xU Fzk; jOtpa cupr; nrhw;fs; :

cjhuzk; : rhy> cW> jt> edp. $u;> fop vd;gd kpFjp vd;Dk; xU Fzj;ij

czu;j;Jk;.

rhy : njd;kiy ,Ue;j rPu;rhd; Kdptud; (jw;fhy tof;F - vdJ

tFg;G khztu;fSs; utp rhyr; rpwe;jtd;)

cW : XLkPd; Xl cW kPd; tUksTk; thbapUf;Fkhk; nfhf;F

jt : <ahJ <Ak; capu; jtg; gyNt

edp : ngw;w jhAk; gpwe;j nghd;dhLk; ew;wt thdpy; edp rpwe;jdNt

$u; : Edp $u; vt;tnkhL

(jw;fhy tof;F - $u;kjpAs;Nshu; tho;tpy; cau;tiltu;)

fop : fop fz;Nzhl;lk; (kpFe;j ,uf;fk;)

gy Fzk; jOtpa cupr;nrhw;fs; gy Fzk; jOtpa cupr;nrhw;fs; gy Fzk; jOtpa cupr;nrhw;fs; gy Fzk; jOtpa cupr;nrhw;fs; gy Fzk; jOtpa cupr;nrhw;fs; :

cjhuzk; : fb vd;gJ fhg;G (fhty;)> $u;ik> ehw;wk;> tpsf;fk;> mr;rk;>

rpwg;G> tpiuT> kpFjp> GJik> Mu;jy;> tiuT> kd;wy;> fupg;G vd;Dk;

gjpd;%d;W Fzq;fis czu;j;Jk; cupr;nrhy;yhk;.

fhg;G - ~~fbefu; mile;J||

$u;ik - ~~fb Eidg; gfop||

ehw;wk; - ~~fb khiy #b||

tpsf;fk; - ~~fz;zhb ad;d fbkhu;gd;||

cupr;nrhy;


mr;rk; - ~~fbaukfspu;f;Nf if tpsf;fhfp||

rpwg;G - ~~mk;G JQ;Rq; fbauz;||

tpiuT - ~~vk;kk;G fb tpLJk;||

kpFjp - ~~fbAz; flTl; fpl;l nrOq;Fuy;||

GJik - ~~fbkzr; rhiy||

Mu;j;jy; - ~~fb KuR||

tiuT - ~~fb kJ Efu;T||

kd;wy; - ~~fbtpid KLfpdp||

fupg;G - ~~fb kpsF jpd;w fy;yh ke;jp||

cupr; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghLcupr; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghLcupr; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghLcupr; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghLcupr; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghL

cupr; nrhw;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdit nrhy;yhf;fj;jpw;F mbr;nrhy;yhfg; gad;gLtd.

rpy cupr; nrhw;fs; ngauilfshfTk; tpidailfshfTk; tUtd.


nrhw;fs; nghUs; juf;$ba tifapy; njhlUk; NghJ mtw;wpdpilNa

mike;J tuNtz;ba Ntw;Wik cUG Kjyhd cUg;Gf;fs; kiwe;J (njhf;F)

tUtJk; cz;L. ntspg;gl;L (njhfhJ) tUtJk; cz;L. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;

nrhw;nwhliu kugpyf;fzfhuu; KiwNa 1) njhifepiyj;njhlu; 2) njhfhepiyj;

njhlu; vd ,uz;lhfg; gFj;J Nehf;Ftu;.

I njhifepiyj;njhlu;njhifepiyj;njhlu;njhifepiyj;njhlu;njhifepiyj;njhlu;njhifepiyj;njhlu;

njhif epiyj;njhlu; vd;gJ nrhw;fSf;fpilNa cUGfs; Kjypad njhf;F

epw;f (kiwe;J epw;f) xU nkhopj; jd;ikg;gl;LxU nkhopj; jd;ikg;gl;LxU nkhopj; jd;ikg;gl;LxU nkhopj; jd;ikg;gl;LxU nkhopj; jd;ikg;gl;L njhlu;e;J tUjyhFk;.

,j;jifa mikg;Gila nrhw;fs; $l;Lg; ngau;fshFk;.

njhifepiyj;njhlu; MW tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:

1. Ntw;Wikj;njhif

2. tpidj;njhif

3. gz;Gj;njhif

4. ctikj;njhif

5. ck;ikj;njhif

6. md;nkhopj;njhif

Ntw;Wikj;njhifNtw;Wikj;njhifNtw;Wikj;njhifNtw;Wikj;njhifNtw;Wikj;njhif

Ntw;Wik cUGfs; kiwe;J epw;Fk; njhlu; Ntw;Wikj; njhif MFk;.

cjhuzk; : kPd;re;ij (I) ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif

kug;ngl;b (My;) %d;whk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif

$ypNtiy (F) ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wijnjhif

fz;zPu; (,y;) Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif

flw;fiu (mJ) Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif

tPl;L kpUfk; (fz;) Vohk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif

tpidj;njhiftpidj;njhiftpidj;njhiftpidj;njhiftpidj;njhif

fhyk; fhl;Lk; ,ilepiyfs; fhyq;fhl;Lk; ,ilepiyAk; nganur;r tpFjpAk;

njhf;F epw;f tpidabAk; xU ngau;r;nrhy;Yk; ,ize;J tUtJ

tpidj;njhif.

epiwe;j Flk;

cjhuzk; - epiwFlk; epiwfpd;w Flk;

epiwAk; Flk;

VTfiz

tsu;kjp

RLNrhW

nrhw;nwhlupay;


gz;Gj;njhifgz;Gj;njhifgz;Gj;njhifgz;Gj;njhifgz;Gj;njhif

gz;ig czu;j;jp epw;fpd;w Md> Mfpa cUGfs; kiwe;J epd;W xU nrhy;

ePu;ikg;gLk; njhifepiyj; njhlu; gz;Gj;njhifahFk;.

cjhuzk; - fhupUs; (tz;zk; / epwk;) - fUik (Md) ,Us;

tl;lf;fy; (tbtk;) - tl;lkhfpafy;

Kf;Fzk; (msT)

,d;nrhy; (Rit) Kjypad

Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G : ,U nganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif vDk; rpwg;G tifAk; ,jDld;

,izj;Jf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. nghJg; ngaNuhL rpwg;Gg; ngaNuh

rpwg;Gg; ngaNuhL nghJg; ngaNuh ,izj;J ,ilapy; Mfpa

vDk; gz;GUG kiwe;J tUtJ ,Ungnuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhifahFk;.

cjhuzk; : fjyp thio (rpwg;Gg; ngaUld; nghJg; ngau; xl;b te;jJ.

fjypahfpa thio vd tpupAk; -

fjyp - rpwg;Gg; ngau;

thio - nghJg; ngau;

rhiug; ghk;G

RwhkPd;

ctikj;njhifctikj;njhifctikj;njhifctikj;njhifctikj;njhif

Nghy> xg;g> md;d> Giua Kjypa ctkTUGfs; ,ilapNy njhf;F

(kiwe;J) epw;f ctkhdr; nrhy;Yk; ctNkar; nrhy;Yk; njhlu;tJ ctik.

cjhuzk; : jhkiuKfk; (jhkiu NghYk; Kfk; - ,ilapy; Nghy vDk;

ctik cUG kiwe;J te;jJ)

Jbapil (Jb NghYk; ,il)

gts tha; (gtsk; Nghd;w tha;)

md;nkhopj;njhifmd;nkhopj;njhifmd;nkhopj;njhifmd;nkhopj;njhifmd;nkhopj;njhif

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Ie;J njhif epiyj; njhlu;fspy; ahNjDk; xd;W

jhd; Fwpf;Fk; nghUis tpLj;J thf;fpa epiyapy; jd;NdhL njhlu;Gila

gpwpnjhd;iwr; Rl;Lkhapd; mJ md;nkhopj;njhif vdg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : G+q;Foy; te;jhs; - md;nkhopj;njhif - G+it cila Foiy

cilats; te;jhs; vd tpupAk;. (G+q;Foy; -

G+itAila Foy; vd tUk; NghJ Ntw;Wikj;njhif)


II njhfhepiyj;njhlu;njhfhepiyj;njhlu;njhfhepiyj;njhlu;njhfhepiyj;njhlu;njhfhepiyj;njhlu;

njhfhepiyj;njhlu; vd;gJ nrhw;fSf;fpilapy; cUGfs; Kjypad

njhfhkYk; xU nkhopj; jd;ikg;glhkYk; nrhw;fs; njhlu;e;J tUjyhFk;.

,J xd;gJ tifg;gLk;.

1. vOtha;j;njhlu; - cjhuzk; : mofd; te;jhd;

2. tpspj;njhlu; - cjhuzk; : mofh th

3. Ntw;Wikj;njhlu; - cjhuzk; : mofidf; fz;Nld;

4. tpidKw;Wj; njhlu;- cjhuzk; : te;jhd; mofd;

5. nganur;rj; njhlu; - cjhuzk; : ghba mofd;

6. tpidnar;rj;njhlu; - cjhuzk; : te;J Nru;e;jhd;

7. ,ilr;nrhw;nwhlu; - cjhuzk; : kw;Wk; gyu;

8. cupr;nrhw;nwhlu; - cjhuzk; : fbfkyk;

9. mLf;Fj;njhlu; - cjhuzk; : Xb Xb

nrhw;fs; nghUs; juf;$ba tifapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xOq;F Kiwapy;

xd;Wlndhd;W ,ize;J ,aq;Fk; nghOJ mtw;iw nrhw;nwhlu; my;yJ

thf;fpak; vd;W Fwpg;gplyhk;.

nrhw;fs; ,t;thwhf ,ize;J xU Kw;Wg; nghUisj; jUkhapd; mJ

thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;. mt;thW Kw;Wg; nghUisj; juhjdtha;

nghUspiaGilatifapy; njhlUk; nrhw; $l;lj;ijj; njhlu; vdyhk;.

thf;fpaj;jpd; cWg;ghf miktd nrhw;nwhlu;fs;. mt;tifapy; thf;fpa

cWg;Gf;fshf mikAk; nrhw;nwhlu;fis nkhopapayhsu;fs; Nky; tUkhW

tFg;gu;.

1. ngau;j;njhlu;

2. tpidj;njhlu;

3. ngauilj;njhlu;

4. tpidailj;njhlu;

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . ngau;j;njhlu;ngau;j;njhlu;ngau;j;njhlu;ngau;j;njhlu;ngau;j;njhlu;

ngau;r;nrhy;nyhd;iwj; jiyik cWg;ghff; nfhz;l njhlu;

ngau;j;njhlu; vdg; ngWk;. mj;njhlupd; mbg;gil cWg;ghf xU

ngau;r;nrhy; mika mjidj;njhlu;e;J xd;Nwh gyNth milfs;

tUk;.


cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : xU kdpjd;> me;j kdpjd;> rpwe;j kdpjd;> cau;e;J

tsu;e;j kdpjd;> md;W vdf;F cjtpa kdpjd;> ey;y

kdk; gilj;j kdpju;fs;> ehd;F kdpju;fs;.

,q;Nf> fhl;lg;gl;l njhlu;fspy; kdpjd; / kdpju;fs; mbg;gilahd

nrhy;yhFk;. me;jg; ngau;r;nrhy;iyj; njhlu;e;J xd;Nwh gyNth

milnkhopfs; mike;jd. Mifahy; mj;njhlu; ngau;j;njhlu;

vdg;gl;lJ.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . tpidj;njhlu;tpidj;njhlu;tpidj;njhlu;tpidj;njhlu;tpidj;njhlu;

tpidr;nrhy;nyhd;iw mbg;gil cWg;ghff; nfhz;l njhlu;

tpidj;njhlu; vdg;gLk;. mbg;gilahf mike;j tpidr; nrhy;iyj;

njhlu;e;J xd;Nwh gyNth milfs; tUkhapd;> mj;njhlu; tpidj;njhlu;

vdg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : ftdkhfg; gbj;jhd;> Ritj;Jg;gbj;jhd;> guPl;irf;F

ftdkhfg; gbj;jhd;> mwpT tpUj;jpf;fhf Mu;tj;NjhL

gbj;jhd;.

,j;njhlu;fspy; gbj;jhd; vd;w nrhy; mbg;gilahf mike;jJ.

mjidj;njhlu;e;J milnkhopfs; mike;jd. tpidr;nrhy;Yk;

mjidj; njhlu;e;j milnkhopfSk; Nru;e;J tpidj;njhlu; vdg;gLk;.

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . ngauilj;njhlu;ngauilj;njhlu;ngauilj;njhlu;ngauilj;njhlu;ngauilj;njhlu;

ngauil xd;W mbg;gil cWg;ghf mika mjid tpNrbf;Fk;

tifapy; NtW milnkhopfs; njhlUkhapd; mj;jifa njhlu;

ngauilj;njhlu; vdg;gLk;. (,J ngau;j;njhlupd; Xu; cWg;ghf

miktJ)

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : kpf ,dpikahd> kpf kpf ,dpikahd> NjdpDk;

,dpikahd> Nfl;gjw;F ,dpikahd> Njthkpu;jj;ijAk;

tpl kpf ,dpikahd.

,q;F> ,dpikahd vd;w ngauilia NtWk; milnkhop /milnkhopfs; njhlu;e;J epd;wd.

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . tpidailj;njhlu;tpidailj;njhlu;tpidailj;njhlu;tpidailj;njhlu;tpidailj;njhlu;

mbg;gil cWg;ghf mike;j tpidailnahd;W milnkhopfshy;

njhlug;gl;L epw;gJ tpidailj;njhlu; MFk;. ,J tpidj;njhlupd;

Xu; cWg;gha; mikAk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : kpff; ftdkhf> kpfkpff; ftdkhf> vy;NyhiuAk;

tplf; ftdkhf.

,q;F> ftdkhf vd;w tpidail jiyik cWg;ghf mika mjidj;

njhlu;e;J gpw milnkhopfSk; te;jd.


nrhw;fs;> nghUs; juj;jf;f tifapy;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l xOq;F Kiwf;Nfw;g xd;Wld;

xd;W mikg;G uPjpahf ,ize;J xU Kw;Wg; nghUisj; jUkhapd; mjid

thf;fpak; vd;W $wyhk;.

cjhuzk; :

1. khjtd; ghlrhiyf;Fg; Nghfpwhd;.

2. ehd; eldk; fw;Nwd;. Mdhy;> jq;if tPiz fw;whs;.

3. ehisf;F tpLKiw vd;W mjpgu; $wpdhu;.

,q;F KjyhtJ thf;fpak; jdpthf;fpakhff; fUjg;gLk;.

Vida ,U thf;fpaq;fspYk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l thf;fpaq;fs;

,ize;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. ,t;thW ,izf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; xt;nthd;Wk;

xU thf;fpaj;njhluhff; fUjg;gLk;.

xU thf;fpak; Fiwe;j gl;rk; xU thf;fpaj; njhliuf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

$ba gl;rk; vj;jid thf;fpaj; njhlu;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.

xU thf;fpaj; njhluhy; mike;j thf;fpaj;ijj; jdpthf;fpak; vd;gu;.

xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l thf;fpaj; njhlu;fshy; mike;j thf;fpak; $l;L thf;fpak;

fyg;G thf;fpak; vd ,Utifg;gLk;.

thf;fpak;

jdp thf;fpak; $l;L thf;fpak; fyg;G thf;fpak;

jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;

• rpWkprpWkprpWkprpWkprpWkp G+khiy njhLj;jhs;.njhLj;jhs;.njhLj;jhs;.njhLj;jhs;.njhLj;jhs;.

• mtd;mtd;mtd;mtd;mtd; ePz;l J}uk; ele;jhd;.ele;jhd;.ele;jhd;.ele;jhd;.ele;jhd;.

• mtu;mtu;mtu;mtu;mtu; rpwe;j ftpQu;ftpQu;ftpQu;ftpQu;ftpQu;.

• mQ;rypmQ;rypmQ;rypmQ;rypmQ;ryp gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whs;.nrd;whs;.nrd;whs;.nrd;whs;.nrd;whs;.

• mtu; ahu;?

Nky; Fwpg;gpl;l thf;fpaq;fs; jdpthf;fpaq;fshFk;. ,t;thf;fpaq;fspy; ,Ue;J

gpwpnjhU thf;fpaj;ijg; gpupj;njLf;f KbahJ. mt;tifapy; ,tw;iw xNu

thf;fpaj; njhluhy; mike;j thf;fpak; vdyhk;.

jdpthf;fpaq;fis mikg;G mbg;gilapy; ,uz;lhf tifg;gLj;jyhk;.

1. ngau;j;njhlu; + ngau;j;njhlu;2. ngau;j;njhlu; + tpidj;njhlu;

thf;fpak;


♦♦♦♦♦ ngau;g; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;ngau;g; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;ngau;g; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;ngau;g; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;ngau;g; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;

thf;fpaq;fs; ngaiuAk; tpidiaAk; gadpiyiaAk; nfhz;L mikayhk;.

• mofpa efuk; efuk; efuk; efuk; efuk;

• xU jPTjPTjPTjPTjPT

• rpwe;j <oj;Jf; ftpQu;.

NkNy cs;s thf;fpaq;fspy; Etnuypah> ,yq;if> kfhftp me;jf; $L

Mfpad vOtha; mofpa efuk; xU jPT rpwe;j <oj;Jf; ftpQu; Mfpad

gadpiyj; njhlu;fs; ,it ahTk; ngau;j;njhlu;fshFk;.

♦♦♦♦♦ tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fs;

• fPu;j;jdh ghbdhs;.fPu;j;jdh ghbdhs;.fPu;j;jdh ghbdhs;.fPu;j;jdh ghbdhs;.fPu;j;jdh ghbdhs;.

• Foe;ijFoe;ijFoe;ijFoe;ijFoe;ij ,iltplhJ mOjJ.mOjJ.mOjJ.mOjJ.mOjJ.

• ,dpad; vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.,dpad; vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.,dpad; vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.,dpad; vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.,dpad; vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.

,t;thf;fpaq;fspy; ngau;r; nrhy; vOthahfTk; tpidr; nrhy; gadpiyahfTk;

mike;Js;sd. KjypU thf;fpaq;fspYk; cs;s ghbdhs;> mOjJghbdhs;> mOjJghbdhs;> mOjJghbdhs;> mOjJghbdhs;> mOjJ Mfpa

gadpiyfs; jdp tpidfshfTk;> %d;whtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; vOjpf;vOjpf;vOjpf;vOjpf;vOjpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhs;nfhz;bUe;jhs;nfhz;bUe;jhs;nfhz;bUe;jhs;nfhz;bUe;jhs; vd;w gadpiy $l;L tpidahfTk; te;Js;sJ. ,t;thW

ngau;r; nrhy; vOthahfTk; tpidr; nrhy; gadpiyahfTk; mikAk;

thf;fpaq;fs; tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fshFk;.tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fshFk;.tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fshFk;.tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fshFk;.tpidg; gadpiy thf;fpaq;fshFk;.

♦♦♦♦♦ tpidj;njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;tpidj;njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;tpidj;njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;tpidj;njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;tpidj;njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;

• mtUf;F MirMirMirMirMir

• fz;zDf;F fha;r;ry;

,t;thf;fpaq;fspy; Mir> tUj;jk; Mfpa ngau;r; nrhw;fs; gadpiy Nghy;

mike;Js;sd. mj;Jld; vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs; Nghd;Wk; cs;sd.

Mdhy;> mit gpd;tUkhW mikapd; vOthiaf; fz;L nfhs;syhk;.

• mtUf;F Mir cz;L.

• fz;zDf;Ff; fha;r;ry; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,it mtu;> fz;zd; Mfpa nrhw;fis vOthahff; nfhz;Ls;sd. gadpiy

cz;L> ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gdthFk;. ,g;gadpiyfis ePf;fpdhy; Mir> tUj;jk;

vd;gd ngau;g;gadpiyfshf mikAk;. ,tw;iw ngau;g; gadpiy nfhz;l

thf;fpaq;fs; vd;W $l;Ltij tpl gadpiy nfhz;l thf;fpaq;fs; vd;W

$WtJ nghUj;jkhFk;.

MwpYk; rhT (tUk;) E}wpYk; rhT (tUk;)

mq;Nf xU mofpa Nrhiy (,Uf;fpwJ)

,jkhd ,se;njd;wy; fhw;W (tPRfpwJ)

fhyhw elg;gjpy; jdp ,d;gk; (fpilf;fpwJ)

,t;thf;fpaq;fSk; tpid njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fshf cs;sd.


♦♦♦♦♦ tpdh thf;fpaq;fs;tpdh thf;fpaq;fs;tpdh thf;fpaq;fs;tpdh thf;fpaq;fs;tpdh thf;fpaq;fs;

• ePq;fs; fzpdp gbf;fpwPu;fsh?

• ,e;E}y; vOjpatu; ahu;?

NkYs;s ,U thf;fpaq;fSk; tpdh thf;fpaq;fshFk;. KjyhtJ thf;fpak;

gbf;fpwPu;fsh? vd;w tpdhj;njhlu; nfhz;Lk;> ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpak; ahu;

vd;w tpdhr; nrhy;iyf; nfhz;Lk; te;Js;sd. MfNt> tpdh thf;fpaq;fs;

,U tifahf Mf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

• tpdhr; nrhw;fs; nfhz;lit.

• tpdh ,ilr;nrhy; nfhz;lit.

i tpdhr;nrhw;fs; tpdhr;nrhw;fs; tpdhr;nrhw;fs; tpdhr;nrhw;fs; tpdhr;nrhw;fs; ii tpdh ,ilr;nrhw;fs; tpdh ,ilr;nrhw;fs; tpdh ,ilr;nrhw;fs; tpdh ,ilr;nrhw;fs; tpdh ,ilr;nrhw;fs;

1. gy;fiyf;fofk; vg;NghJvg;NghJvg;NghJvg;NghJvg;NghJ Muk;gpf;Fk; ? mtu; vkJ ehl;bd; jiytuh?

2. ehis vq;Nfvq;Nfvq;Nfvq;Nfvq;Nf NghfpwPu;fs;? gy;fiyf;fofk; ehis Muk;gpf;Fkh?

3. me;jf; fl;Liuia vg;gbvg;gbvg;gbvg;gbvg;gb vOJtJ? mq;Nf NghfpwPu;fsh?

4. cq;fs; tPL vJvJvJvJvJ?

♦♦♦♦♦ vOtha; njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; njhf;fpa thf;fpaq;fs;

• G+f;fisg; gwpf;fhjPu;fs;

• mwk; nra tpUk;G

• FQ;irf; fhzhJ fyq;fpaJ

NkNy cs;s thf;fpaq;fspy; ePq;fs;> eP> mJ Mfpa vOtha;r; nrhw;fs;

njhf;fp (kiwe;J) te;Js;sd.

♦ vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;

• MrpupaUf;F khztiu njupAk;.

• vdJ Ngdhitf; fhztpy;iy.

,t;thf;fpaq;fspd; vOtha; ahJ? njupAk;> fhztpy;iy Mfpad

gadpiyfshf cs;sd. MrpupaUf;F> vdJ Ngdh Mfpad KiwNa ~F|

cUG ~I| cUG ngw;w ngau;r; nrhw;fshFk;. khztiu> Ngdhit Mfpad

~I| cUG ngw;w nrag;gLnghUshFk;. MrpupaUf;F> Ngdhit Mfpatw;iw

vOthahff; nfhs;s KbahJ. Vnddpy;> vOtha;g; ngau; Ntw;Wik cUig

Vw;fhj> jpupgilahj ngauhfNt mikAk;. Mifahy; mt;tpU nrhw;fisAk;

vOthahff; $w KbahJ. vdNt> ,t;thf;fpaq;fspy; vOtha; ,y;yhjgbahy;

,it vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs;vOtha; mw;w thf;fpaq;fs; vdg;gLk;. vdpDk;> vdJ Ngidiaf;

fhztpy;iy. fz;zidf; fhztpy;iy vd;gJ thf;fpaq;fspy; VjhtJ

%tplg; ngau; xd;iw ,izj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

cjhuzk; : (ehd;) vdJ Ngidiaf; fhztpy;iy.


♦♦♦♦♦ nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa Fd;wh thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa Fd;wh thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa Fd;wh thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa Fd;wh thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa Fd;wh thf;fpaq;fs;

thf;fpaq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; vOtha;> nrag;gLnghUs;> gadpiy Mfpa

cWg;Gfisf; nfhz;liktd. Mdhy;> nrag;gLnghUs; ,y;yhkYk; rpy

mikayhk;.

• FUtpfs; $l;il tl;lkpl;ld.

• V. Mu;. u`;khd; ghly; ghLfpwhu;.

,t;tpU thf;fpaq;fspYk; FUtpfs;> V. Mu;. u ;̀khd; Mfpad vOthahfTk;

$L> ghly; Mfpad nrag;gLnghUshfTk; te;Js;sd. ,t;thwhf

nrag;gLnghUs; ntspg;gl;L tUk; thf;fpaq;fs; nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wh

thf;fpaq;fs; vdg;gLk;. rpy Ntisfspy; nrag;gLnghUs; kiwe;J tUk;.

mtd; ghbdhd; vd;Dk; thf;fpaj;jpy; ghl;L vd;w nrag;gLnghUs;

kiwe;Js;sJ. ,JTk; nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wh thf;fpakhFk;.

♦♦♦♦♦ nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa thf;fpaq;fs;nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa thf;fpaq;fs;

• fkhy; neLe;J}uk; ele;jhd;.

• khztu; ghlrhiyf;F nrd;whu;fs;.

• Foe;ij ed;whfj; J}q;fpaJ.

NkNy jug;gl;l thf;fpaq;fspYs;s gadpiyfs; nrag;gLnghUis Vw;gjpy;iy.

,t;thW nra;ag;gLnghUis Vw;fhj thf;fpaq;fs; nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpanrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpanrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpanrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpanrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa

thf;fpaq;fshFk;.thf;fpaq;fshFk;.thf;fpaq;fshFk;.thf;fpaq;fshFk;.thf;fpaq;fshFk;.

jdpthf;fpaj;jpy; nrhy; xOq;F jdpthf;fpaj;jpy; nrhy; xOq;F jdpthf;fpaj;jpy; nrhy; xOq;F jdpthf;fpaj;jpy; nrhy; xOq;F jdpthf;fpaj;jpy; nrhy; xOq;F

• ehd; jq;ifAld; ehis ghlrhiyf;F nry;Ntd;.

,t;thf;fpaj;jpd; nghUs; rpijTglhj tifapy; gpd;tUk; xOq;fpy; vOjyhk;.

jq;ifAld; ehd; ehis ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;Ntd;.

ehis ehd; jq;ifAld; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;Ntd;.

ehd;> ehis jq;ifAld; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;Ntd;.

ehis> jq;ifAld; ehd; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;Ntd;.

ehd; jq;ifAld; ghlrhiyf;F ehis nry;Ntd;.

,q;F> ~nry;Ntd;| vd;Dk; tpid Kw;W thf;fpaj;jpd; ,WjpapYk;> Vida

ngau;j;njhlu;fs; ,lk; khwpAk; te;Js;sd. tpidg; gadpiy nfhz;l xU

jdp thf;fpak; gadpiyahf xU tpid Kw;iwAk; xd;W my;yJ gy

ngau;j; njhlu;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. tpid Kw;W vg;NghJk; thf;fpaj;jpd;

,Wjpapy; ,Uf;Fk;. Vida ngau;j;njhlu;fSk; tpid milfSk,; ,lk;

khwp mikayhk;. ,t;thW ,lk; khWk; NghJ jdpr; nrhw;fshf md;wp

njhlu;fshfNt khWk;.


} ~Mj;|

~khl;L| (fUj;ij cWjpahfj; njuptpg;gJ)}

Kd;Gk; ehd; ,e;j ,dpa ghliyf; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. ,e;j thf;fpaj;jpy;>

,e;j ,dpa ghliy vd;gJ ngau;j;njhlu; ,lk; khWk; NghJ ,j; njhlu;

KOikahfNt ,lk; khWfpd;wJ.

ehd; Kd;Gk; ,e;j ,dpa ghliyf;,e;j ,dpa ghliyf;,e;j ,dpa ghliyf;,e;j ,dpa ghliyf;,e;j ,dpa ghliyf; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;.

,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy> Kd;Gk; ehd; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;.

Kd;Gk;> ,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy,e;j ,dpa ghliy ehd; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;.

,e;j> ,dpa> Kd;Gk;> ghliy vd;Nwh

Kd;Gk; ,e;j ghliy ,dpa vd;Nwh tukhl;lh.

♦ vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fs;vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fs;vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fs;vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fs;vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fs;

cld;ghLcld;ghLcld;ghLcld;ghLcld;ghL vjpu ;kiwvjpu ;kiwvjpu ;kiwvjpu ;kiwvjpu ;kiw

,J vdJ Gj;jfk;Gj;jfk;Gj;jfk;Gj;jfk;Gj;jfk; ,J vdJ Gj;jfk; my;y.Gj;jfk; my;y.Gj;jfk; my;y.Gj;jfk; my;y.Gj;jfk; my;y.

vd;dplk; fzpzp cs;sJcs;sJcs;sJcs;sJcs;sJ. vd;dplk; fzpzp ,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy.

mtu;fs; ehisf;F tUthu;fs;.tUthu;fs;.tUthu;fs;.tUthu;fs;.tUthu;fs;. mtu;fs; ehisf;F tukhl;lhu;fs;tukhl;lhu;fs;tukhl;lhu;fs;tukhl;lhu;fs;tukhl;lhu;fs;.

New;W Mrpupau; te;jhu;.te;jhu;.te;jhu;.te;jhu;.te;jhu;. New;W Mrpupau; tutpy;iy.tutpy;iy.tutpy;iy.tutpy;iy.tutpy;iy.

NkNy rpy cld;ghl;L thf;fpaq;fSk;> mtw;wpd; vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fSk; ,lk;

ngw;Ws;sd. cld;ghl;L thf;fpaj;jpd; gadpiyNa vjpu;kiwahf;fg;gLtij

mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. ,t;thW vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fs; ,U tifapy;

Mf;fg;gLtJz;L.

i vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs; (tuhjPu;fs;> tukhl;Nld;)

ii vjpu;kiw tpidfs; (,y;iy> my;y)

vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs;vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs;vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs;vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs;vjpu;kiw ,ilepiyfs;

rj;jk; NghlhjPu;fs;

jPa nray;fisr; nra;ahNj

ehis tukhl;Nld;

ftpij vOj khl;lhu;

Gj;jfk; mDg;gkhl;lhu;

vjpu;kiw tpidfs;vjpu;kiw tpidfs;vjpu;kiw tpidfs;vjpu;kiw tpidfs;vjpu;kiw tpidfs;

i ~,y;iy| vd;Dk; vjpu;kiw tpid> ,we;j fhy> epfo;fhy> vjpu;fhy

tpid Kw;W thf;fpaq;fis vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fshf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wj.

ehd; tPl;Lf;F te;Njd; - ehd; tPl;Lf;F tutpy;iy

ehd; tPl;Lf;F tUfpNwd; - ehd; tPl;Lf;F tutpy;iy

ehd; ehisf;F tUNtd; - ehd; ehisf;F tutpy;iy


ii cz;L> ,Uf;fpwJ Mfpa cld;ghl;L tpidfs; gadpiyahf tUk;

thf;fpaq;fis vjpu;kiw thf;fpaq;fshf khw;wg; gad;gLfpwJ.

mtdplk; ,iwgf;jp ,Uf;fpwJ / cz;L - mtd plk ; ,iwgf ; j p

,y;iy

Kw;wj;jpy; kuk; ,Uf;fpwJ / cz;L - Kw;wj;jpy; kuk; ,y;iy.

iii toikg; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; cld;ghl;L thf;fpaq;fis vjpu;kiw

thf;fpaq;fshf khw;Wtjw;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wJ.

mt;thW khw;Wk; NghJ cld;ghl;L thf;fpaj;jpd; gadpiy tpid Kw;W

njhopw;ngauhf khw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

ehd; ehs; NjhWk; flTis tzq;FNtd;.

ehd; ehs; NjhWk; flTis tzq;FtJ ,y;iy.tzq;FtJ ,y;iy.tzq;FtJ ,y;iy.tzq;FtJ ,y;iy.tzq;FtJ ,y;iy.

vopy; ghly; Nfl;ghs;.

vopy; ghly; Nfl;gJ ,y;iy.

my;y vjpu;kiwmy;y vjpu;kiwmy;y vjpu;kiwmy;y vjpu;kiwmy;y vjpu;kiw

ngau;g ; gadpiy nfhz;l thf;fpaq;fis vjpu ;kiw thf;fpaq;fshf

khw;wg;gad;gLfpwJ.

,yq;if xU jPT - ,yq;if xU jPT my;ymy;ymy;ymy;ymy;y

,J Ritahd czT - ,J Ritahd czT my;ymy;ymy;ymy;ymy;y

Nfhij ,dpats; - Nfhij ,dpats; my;y.my;y.my;y.my;y.my;y.

jw;fhyj; jkpopy; my;ymy;ymy;ymy;ymy;y gad;gLk; ,lq;fspy; ,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy gad;gLtJk; cz;L.

,yq;if xU jPT my;ymy;ymy;ymy;ymy;y - ,yq;if xU jPT ,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy

,J Ritahd czT my;ymy;ymy;ymy;ymy;y - ,J Ritahd czT ,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy

Nfhij ,dpats; my;ymy;ymy;ymy;ymy;y - Nfhij ,dpats; ,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy,y;iy

jw;fhyj; jkpopy; my;y vd;gNj Ik;ghy;> %tplj;Jf;Fk; nghJthd vjpu;kiw

tbtkhf toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.


$l;L thf;fpak; $l;L thf;fpak; $l;L thf;fpak; $l;L thf;fpak; $l;L thf;fpak;

$l;L thf;fpak; vdg;gLtJ ,uz;L thf;fpaj; njhlu;fs; rkepiyapy; ,izf;fg;gLk;

NghJ cUthFk;.

• ,j;jifa thf;fpaj;njhlu;fs; rkepiy thf;fpaj; njhlu; my;yJ jdpepiy

thf;fpaj; njhlu; vd miof;fg;gLk;.

• ,t;tpU thf;fpaq;fSk; ,izg;gpy; rkj;Jtk; ciladthf ,Uf;Fk;. xd;wpy;

kw;nwhd;W jq;fpapuhJ.

cjhuzk; : ehd; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;Njd;.

ez;gp jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;jhs;.

$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak; - ehDk; ez;gpAk; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;Njhk;.

,t;thf;fpaj;njhlu;fs; 1) ,uz;Lk; rkkhdit.

2) xd;wpy; kw;wJ rhu;e;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

3) jdpj;jdp epfo;Tfisf; $Wfpd;wd.

4) xU thf;fpaj;njhlu; $Wk; epfo;it kw;w

thf;fpaj;njhlu; vt;tifapYk; ghjpg;gjpy;iy.

Nkw;$wg;gl;l ehd;F gz;GfisAk; nfhz;l thf;fpaj;njhlNu rkepiy thf;fpaj;

njhlu; vdg;gLk;. ,j;jifa rkepiy thf;fpaj;njhlu;fspd; ,izg;Ng $l;Lrkepiy thf;fpaj;njhlu;fspd; ,izg;Ng $l;Lrkepiy thf;fpaj;njhlu;fspd; ,izg;Ng $l;Lrkepiy thf;fpaj;njhlu;fspd; ,izg;Ng $l;Lrkepiy thf;fpaj;njhlu;fspd; ,izg;Ng $l;L

thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;.thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;.thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;.thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;.thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;.

gpd;tUk; cjhuzj;ij mtjhdpAq;fs;.

- ehd; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;Njd;.

- ez;gp jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbf;ftpy;iy.

$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak; - ehd; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;Njd;. Mdhy;Mdhy;Mdhy;Mdhy;Mdhy; ez;gp jkpo;

,yf;fpak; gbf;ftpy;iy.

,t;tpU thf;fpaq;fSk; 1) Mdhy; vd;Dk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;yhy;

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

2) jdpj;jdp epfo;Tfisf; $Wfpd;wd.

3) xd;W kw;wjpy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy.

,t;thW rkdpiy thf;fpaj;njhlu;fs; xd;NwhL xd;W ,izf;fg;gLtJ rkepiyrkepiyrkepiyrkepiyrkepiy

Mf;fkMf;fkMf;fkMf;fkMf;fk; vdg;gLk;. rkepiy Mf;f Kiwapy; ,izf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; $l;L

thf;fpakhFk;.

• xU $l;L thf;fpaj;jpy; ,uz;L my;yJ gy rkepiy thf;fpaj;njhlu;fs;

,lk; ngWk;.


$l;L thf;fpaq;fis Mf;Ftjw;F Ntz;bait.

,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs; tpidnar;rq;fs;

ck; my;yJ Mdhy; nra;J nra;a

,y;iynad;why; MfNt

x> MtJ> M

1.1 .1 .1 .1 . $l;L thf;fpaq;fis Mf;fg; gad;gLk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;$l;L thf;fpaq;fis Mf;fg; gad;gLk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;$l;L thf;fpaq;fis Mf;fg; gad;gLk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;$l;L thf;fpaq;fis Mf;fg; gad;gLk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;$l;L thf;fpaq;fis Mf;fg; gad;gLk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;

(m) ck; ck; ck; ck; ck; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;

cjhuzk; : ,dpats; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;jhs;.

`py;kh jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;jhs;.

$l;L thf;fpak; : ,dpatSk;> `py;khTk; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;jhu;fs;.

,t;thf;fpaq;fspy;

• vOtha;j;njhlu;fs; NtWgl;lit (,dpats;> `py;kh)

• gadpiyj;njhlu;fs; xNu tifahdit (gbj;jhs;)

• xNu tifahd gadpiyj;njhlu;fspy; (gbj;jhs;) xd;iw ePf;fp tpl;L

vOtha;j; njhlu;fs; (,dpats;> `py;kh) ck; ,ilr; nrhy;yhy;

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

• mjw;Nfw;g gadpiy gd;ikahf khWfpd;wJ - vOtha; gd;ikahFk;

NghJ gadpiyAk; gd;ikahFk;.

,dpats; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gbj;jhs;.

`py;kh Mq;fpy ,yf;fpak; gbj;jhs;.

$l;Lthf;fpak; : ,dpats; jkpo; ,yf;fpaKk; `py;kh Mq;fpy

,yf;fpaKk; gbj;jhu;fs;.

,t;thf;fpaj;jpy; 1) vOtha;j;njhlu;fs; ntt;NtW

2) nrag;gLnghUSk; ntt;NtW

3) gadpiy xNu khjpupahdit

xj;j gadpiyapy; (gbj;jhs;) xd;W ePf;fg;gl;L Nkw;fz;lthW $l;Lthf;fpak;

Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

thf;fpa ,izg;Gk; vOtha; gadpiy ,iaGk;. ,uz;L my;yJ gy

thf;fpaq;fspd; vOtha;j; njhlu;fs; ,izf;fg;gLk; NghJ mjw;Nfw;g

gadpiyAk; khw;wkilAk;.


1) cau;jpizg; glu;f;ifg; ngau;fs; + ck; + (tpidKw;W) gyu; ghy; tpFjp

ghlfd; te;jhd; + ebfd; te;jhd; ghlfDk; ebfDk; te;jhu;fs;.te;jhu;fs;.te;jhu;fs;.te;jhu;fs;.te;jhu;fs;.

m/wpizg; glu;f;ifg; ngau;fs; + ck; + (tpidKw;W) gytpd; ghy; tpFjp

fhfk; gwe;jJ + fpsp gwe;jJ fhfKk; fpspAk; gwe;jd.gwe;jd.gwe;jd.gwe;jd.gwe;jd.

2) Mz;ghy; ngau; ngz;ghy; ngau; + ck; + (gadpiy) gyu; ghy; tpFjp

khkh fw;gpj;jhu; + khkp fw;gpj;jhu; khkhTk; khkpAk;

fw;gpj;jhu;fs;.fw;gpj;jhu;fs;.fw;gpj;jhu;fs;.fw;gpj;jhu;fs;.fw;gpj;jhu;fs;.

3) cau;; jpizg; ngaUk; m/wpizg; ngaUk; ,izf;fg;gLk; NghJ

gadpiy gpd;tUk; Kiwfspy; gioa ,yf;fpaq;fspy; miktJz;L.

jpq;fSk; rhd;NwhUk; xg;gu;

rpwg;G

m/wpiz cau;jpiz cau;jpizg; gadpiy

%u;f;fDk; KjiyAk; nfhz;lJ tplh

cau;jpiz m/wpiz m/wpizg; gadpiy

kpFjp> rpwg;G> ,opT Mfpait fhuzkhf cau;jpizg; ngaUk; m/wpizg;

ngaUk; ,izf;fg;gLk;NghJ gadpiy cau;jpiz my;yJ m/wpiz tpFjp

ngw;W mikAk;.

,dpad; Xbdhd; + Fjpiu XbaJ.

,t;thf;fpaq;fis ,dpaDk; FjpiuAk; Xbdhu;fs; vd;Nwh> ,dpaDk; FjpiuAk;

Xbd vd;Nwh ,izg;gjpy;iy. ,dpad; FjpiuAld; Xbdhd; my;yJ Fjpiu

,dpaDld; XbaJ Nghd;w thf;fpaq;fNs ,d;W gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

thf;fpaq;fspd; vOtha;j; njhlu;fis kl;Lkd;wp ntt;NtW Ntw;Wikj; njhlu;fs;>

tpidailj;njhlu;fs;> tpid vr;rj; njhlu;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; ~ck;| ,ilr;

nrhy; nfhz;L ,izf;f KbAk;.

cjhuzk; :

• nrag;gLnghUs; Ntw;Wik Vw;w ngau;j; njhlu;

vopypdp ,U ftpij vOjpdhs;ftpij vOjpdhs;ftpij vOjpdhs;ftpij vOjpdhs;ftpij vOjpdhs; + vopypdp %d;W fl;Liu vOjpdhs;.fl;Liu vOjpdhs;.fl;Liu vOjpdhs;.fl;Liu vOjpdhs;.fl;Liu vOjpdhs;.

vopypdp ,U ftpijAk; %d;W fl;LiuAk; vOjpdhs;.

,opT


• tpidailj;njhlu;

fPu;j;jdp nkJthf ghbdhs;nkJthf ghbdhs;nkJthf ghbdhs;nkJthf ghbdhs;nkJthf ghbdhs; + fPu;j;jdp ,dpikahfg; ghbdhs;.,dpikahfg; ghbdhs;.,dpikahfg; ghbdhs;.,dpikahfg; ghbdhs;.,dpikahfg; ghbdhs;.

fPu;j;jdp nkJthfTk; ,dpikahfTk; ghbdhs;.

• nra;a vd;Dk; vr;rj; njhlu;

muq;fDf;F ehlfk; vOjj; njupAk;vOjj; njupAk;vOjj; njupAk;vOjj; njupAk;vOjj; njupAk; + muq;fDf;F ehlfk; ebf;fj; njupAk;ebf;fj; njupAk;ebf;fj; njupAk;ebf;fj; njupAk;ebf;fj; njupAk;

muq;fDf;F ehlfk; vOjTk; ebf;fTk; njupAk;.

• nra;J vd;Dk; vr;rj; njhlu;

ehd; rpdpkh ghu;j;Jg; nghOJ Nghf;fpNdd;.

ehd; Gj;jfq;fs; thrpj;Jg; nghOJ Nghf;fpNdd;.

ehd; rpdpkh ghu;j;Jk; Gj;jfq;fs; thrpj;Jk; nghOJ Nghf;fpNdd;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) my;yJ ,izg;Gmy;yJ ,izg;Gmy;yJ ,izg;Gmy;yJ ,izg;Gmy;yJ ,izg;G

my;yJ> ,y;iynad;why;> ,y;yhtpl;lhy;> MtJ> X> M Mfpa ,izg;gpilr;

nrhw;fis gad;gLj;jp thf;fpaq;fis my;yJ thf;fpa cWg;Gfis ,izg;gij

my;yJ ,izg;G vdyhk;.

my;yJ> ,y;iynad;why;> ,y;yhtpl;lhy; Mfpa ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;

,izf;fg;gLk; cWg;GfSf;F ,ilapy; tUfpd;wd. ngaiuilj; njhlu;fSk;>

nganur;rj; njhlu;fSk;> Kw;W thf;fpaj; njhlu;fSk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l

,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fshy; kl;Lk; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

cjhuzk; :-

fhNtup rj;Js;s czitj;jhd; cz;ghs; + fhNtup Ritahd czitj;jhd;

cz;ghs; fhNtup rj;Js;s my;yJ Ritahd czitj;jhd; cz;ghs;.

my;yJ vd;Dk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy;Yf;Fg; gjpthf ,y;iynad;why;>

,y;yhtpl;lhy; vd;gd ,lk; ngwyhk;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) khw;W tpdh ,izg;Gkhw;W tpdh ,izg;Gkhw;W tpdh ,izg;Gkhw;W tpdh ,izg;Gkhw;W tpdh ,izg;G

~M| vd;Dk; tpdh ,ilr; nrhy;> tpdh thf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J khw;W

tpdh thf;fpaq;fis Mf;fTk; gad;gLfpwJ. ,izf;fg;gLk; xt;nthU thf;fpa

cWg;gpd; ,WjpapYk; ,J ,ize;J tUk;.

cjhuzk; :-

ePq;fs; tPl;Lf;Fg; NghfpwPu;fsh + ePq;fs; mYtyfj;Jf;Fg; NghfpwPu;fsh?

ePq;fs; tPl;Lf;fh> mYtyfj;Jf;fh NghfpwPu;fs;?

Mfhu <w;W cld;ghl;L tpdh thf;fpaj;ij mLj;J ,y;iy vd;w vjpu;kiwr;

nrhy;Yld; ~M| tpFjp Nru;j;Jk; tpdh thf;fpak; Mf;fg;gLk;.


cjhuzk; :-

ePq;fs; gy;fiyf; fofk; NghfpwPu;fsh? + ePq;fs; gy;fiyf;fofk;

Nghftpy;iyah? ePq;fs; gy;fiyf;fofk; NghfpwPu;fsh? ,y;iyah?

khl;L vd;w ,ilepiy ngw;w vjpu;kiw tpidAld; ~M| Nru;j;J tpdh

thf;fpak; Mf;fg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; :-

fq;fh ghlrhiyf;F tUthsh? + fq;fh ghlrhiyf;F tukhl;lhsh?

fq;fh ghlrhiyf;F tUthsh? khl;lhsh?

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) Mdhy; ,izg;GMdhy; ,izg;GMdhy; ,izg;GMdhy; ,izg;GMdhy; ,izg;G

Mdhy; vd;Dk; ,izg;gpilr; nrhy; Kjy; $w;Wf;F tpyf;fhd my;yJ

Kuzhd $w;iw mjNdhL ,izg;gjw;Fk; gad;gLfpwJ. ngauil

tpidailj; njhlu;fs;> Kw;Wj; njhlu;fs; Kjyhdit ,t;thW

,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

cjhuzk; :-

,e;jr; nra;Aisg; gyKiw gbj;Njd;.

,e;jr; nra;As; vdf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy.

,e;jr; nra;Aisg; gyKiw gbj;Njd; Mdhy; vdf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy.

Mdhy; kl;Lkd;wp MdhYk;> MapDk;> ,Ug;gpDk;> ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,Ue;jhYk;>

vdpDk;> vd;whYk; Kjypa ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fSk; gad;gLfpd;wd.

(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) MfNt ,izg;GMfNt ,izg;GMfNt ,izg;GMfNt ,izg;GMfNt ,izg;G

xU $w;NwhL njhlu;Gila my;yJ mf; $w;wpd; cld; tpisT vd;w nghUs;

jUk; gpwpnjhU $w;iw mf; $w;Wld; ,izg;gjw;F MfNt> Mifahy;>

vdNt Kjypa ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs; gad;gLfpd;wd.

cjhuzk; :- ehd; ed;whfg; gbf;fpNwd;. guPl;irapy; rpj;jpailNtd;.

ehd; ed;whfg; gbf;fpNwd;. MfNt guPl;irapy; rpj;jpailNtd;.

(C)(C)(C)(C)(C) nra;J tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;J tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;J tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;J tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;J tpidnar;r ,izg;G

cjhuzk; :- ehd; mYtyfk; nrd;W Ntiyfisr; nra;J khiy tPL jpUk;GNtd;.

(v )(v )(v )(v )(v ) nra;a tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;a tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;a tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;a tpidnar;r ,izg;Gnra;a tpidnar;r ,izg;G

cjhuzk; :- thzp tPiz kPl;l> fiy taypd; thrpf;f> fhNtup jhsk;

Nghl> fPu;j;jdp fr;Nrup elhj;jpdhs;.


fyg;G thf;fpak; fyg;G thf;fpak; fyg;G thf;fpak; fyg;G thf;fpak; fyg;G thf;fpak;

xU jiyik thf;fpaj; njhlUk; xd;W my;yJ gy rhu;G epiyj; njhlu;fSk;

nfhz;l thf;fpak; fyg;G thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; :- ehd; ntspehl;Lf;Fr; nry;y tpUk;gpNdd;.

ehd; tpUk;gpNdd; - jiyik thf;fpak;

ntspehl;Lf;Fr; nry;ynry;ynry;ynry;ynry;y - rhu;G epiyj; njhlu;

(nra;a vd;Dk; tha;ghl;L vr;rj; njhlu;)

fyg;G thf;fpaj;Js; mikAk; rhu;G epiyj; njhlu;fs;fyg;G thf;fpaj;Js; mikAk; rhu;G epiyj; njhlu;fs;fyg;G thf;fpaj;Js; mikAk; rhu;G epiyj; njhlu;fs;fyg;G thf;fpaj;Js; mikAk; rhu;G epiyj; njhlu;fs;fyg;G thf;fpaj;Js; mikAk; rhu;G epiyj; njhlu;fs;

1) vr;r thf;fpaj; njhlu;fshf

2) Kw;W thf;fpaj; njhlu;fshf

3) ngau;j; njhluhf;fg;gl;l Kw;W thf;fpaj; njhlu;.

cjhuzk; :- Mrpupau; tuMrpupau; tuMrpupau; tuMrpupau; tuMrpupau; tu khztu; rj;jkpLtij epWj;jpdu;.

,t;thf;fpaj;jpy; Mrpupau; tu vd;Dk; vr;rj; njhlu; khztu; rj;jkpLtij

epWj;jpajw;fhd fhuzj;ijr; Rl;Lfpd;wJ. (nra;a vr;rj; njhlu;)

cjhuzk; :- mjpfhup te;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;W Copau; $wpdhu;.

~Copau; $wpdhu;| vd;gJ ,t;thf;fpaj;jpd; jiyik thf;fpaj;njhluhFk;. ~mjpfhup

te;jpUf;fpwhu;| vd;gJ Jiz epiy thf;fpaj; njhlu; vd;Wvd;Wvd;Wvd;Wvd;W vd;Dk; ,ilr;

nrhy;ypdhy; ,J jiyik thf;fpaj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Copau; $wpa

nra;jp vd;d vd;gij ,e;j Jiz epiyj; njhlu; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

cjhuzk; :- eP ed;whf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;why; f\;lg;gl;L Ntiy nra;.

,J xU epge;jid vr;rj; njhluhFk;. epge;jid vr;rj;njhlu; vjpu; fhyj;jpNyNa

tUfpd;wJ. nra;jhy;> vd;Dk; epge;jid vr;rj; njhlu; mJ epfo;e;jhy; ,J

epfOk; my;yJ epfohJ vd;Dk; nghUis czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.

cjhuzk; :- (mts; eldk; MLths;) vd;why; ehd; ghLNtd;. ,q;F Kw;W

tpid thf;fpak; epge;jid thf;fpaj;njhluhf te;Js;sJ.

cjhuzk; :- mts; Mlhtpl;lhy; ehd; ghl khl;Nld;.

,t;thf;fpak; vjpu;kiw epge;jid vr;rj; njhluhFk;. nra;ahtpl;lhy; nra;ahky;

,Ue;jhy;> nra;ahJ ,Ue;jhy;> nra;jpUf;fhtpl;lhy;> nra;ahky; ,Ue;jpUj;jhy;>

nra;ahJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Nghd;w tbtq;fspy; vjpu;kiw epge;jid vr;rj; njhlu;

mikAk;.

cjhuzk; :- (rpWtu;fs; eldkhbf; nfhz;bUe;jij) vy;NyhUk; ghu;j;J urpj;jhu;fs;.


,f; fyg;G thf;fpaj;jpy; jiyik thf;fpaj;NjhL xU Jiz epiy thf;fpak;

njhopw; ngau; tbtpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jiz epiy thf;fpaj;jpd; tpid

Kw;W njhopw; ngauhf;fg;gl;L mt;thf;fpak; KOtJk; xU ngau;j; njhlu;

Mf;fg;gl;L jiyik thf;fpaj;Jf;Fs; xU ngau;j;njhluhf mike;Js;sJ.

epug;gpj; njhlu;epug;gpj; njhlu;epug;gpj; njhlu;epug;gpj; njhlu;epug;gpj; njhlu;

(m) thf;fpak; + vd;Wcjhuzk; : Mrpupau;> ghlj;ijg; gbAq;fs; vd;W $wpdhu;.

(M) thf;fpak; + vd;gJcjhuzk; : #upad; fpof;fpy; cjpf;Fk; vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;jJ.

(,) thf;fpak; + vd;w + ngau;cjhuzk; : vd;d elf;FNkh vd;w gak; vdf;F ,Ue;jJ.

(<) njhopw;ngau;j;njhlu;

cjhuzk; : ,dpg;ghd czTfis cz;gNj rpWtu;fs; vg;NghJk; tpUk;Gtu;.


nkhopiaj; jpUj;jkhfTk; njspthfTk; fUj;Jr; nrwpT cilajhfTk;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;F xUtUf;F nkhoptsk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. gy;tifg;gl;l

,yf;fpaq;fisAk; fUj;J}d;wp thrpg;gjd; %yk; nkhopiag; gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wiy

Nkk;gLj;jyhk;. ehk; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Gjpa nrhw;fisAk; njhlu;fisAk; ekJ

ehshe;jj; Njitf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpdhy; mit kdjpy; Mog;gjpe;J nfhs;fpd;wd.

,e;j tifapy; vkJ nkhop MSikia tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;Sjw;fhfj; njhlu;fs;

gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Nthk;.

kuGj;njhlu; kuGj;njhlu; kuGj;njhlu; kuGj;njhlu; kuGj;njhlu;

mizfl;bg; NgRjy; - mtjhdkhfg; NgRjy;

mbjpUk;Gjy; - nghOJ rha;jy;

miukdpjd; - kjpg;Gf; Fiwe;jtd;

,ul;Lw nkhopjy; - ,U nghUs;glg; NgRjy;

,uz;lfk; nra;jy; - nfLjp epidj;jy;

,sehf;fbj;jy; - cld;glhjJNghw; fhl;Ljy;

<uy; fUFjy; - Ntjid kpFjy;

cl;nrYj;Jjy; - ifA+l;Lf; nfhLj;jy;

cjthf;fiu/ cjthf;fl;il - gadw;wtd;

vLj;Jj;njhLj;jy; - ,y;yhjijf; fl;bf; $Wjy;

vlhjntLg;G - jfhj nray;

vLg;ngLj;jy; - Mlk;gukhdijr; nra;jy;

Xl;ilf; ifad; - nrythsp

Xbahbg; ghu;j;jy; - ngUKaw;rp nra;jy;

frfuzk; NghLjy; - ngUKaw;rp nra;jy;

filfl;Ljy; - fhupaj;ij epWj;jp tpLjy;

fapW tpLjy; - xd;iw kw;nwhd;whff; $wp Vkhw;Wjy;

fujyghlk; / fiujiyghlk; - ed;F ghlk; nra;jy;

njhOfs;sd; - eatQ;rfd;

re;ij $l;Ljy; - NguhuthuQ; nra;jy;

fy;Yg; NghLjy; - fhupaj;ijf; nfLj;jy;

ifgupkhWjy; - mbjb rz;ilapLjy;

FUl;Lg;gbg;G - nghUs; mwpahj gbg;G

nfhs;sp nrhUFjy; - jPq;F tpistpj;jy;

$iof; Fk;gpL - Nghyp tzf;fk;

jiyf;nfhOg;G - mfq;fhuk;

JiwNghjy; - epuk;gf; fw;wy;

ruL tpLjy; - je;jpukhfg; Ngrp gpwu; fUj;ij mwpa KaYjy;

jupg;gwpjy; - kdepiy mwpjy;

ghy;nghopjy; - nropg;ghapUj;jy;

guNjrpj; jghy; - Cu;tje;jp

thalq;fy; - mfq;fhuk; Fiwjy;

thy; KWf;Fjy; - J}z;b tpLjy;

nkhoptsk;nkhoptsk;nkhoptsk;nkhoptsk;nkhoptsk;


,iznkhopj;njhlu; ,iznkhopj;njhlu; ,iznkhopj;njhlu; ,iznkhopj;njhlu; ,iznkhopj;njhlu;

Xir eaKk; nghUl; nrwpTk; tha;e;jitahf toq;fptUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs;

,iznkhopfs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. ,iznkhopapy; ,lk;ngWk; nrhw;fs; xj;j

XirAilaitahf> xj;j fUj;Jilaitahf my;yJ vjpu;f;fUj;Jilaitahf

mikayhk;.

mz;lgpz;lk; (cyfKOtJk;)

mz;il mayhu;

me;jpAk; re;jpAk;

my;iy njhy;iy

my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyk;

mOJ njhOJ

mwKk; kwKk;

mw;g nrhw;gk;

md;Gk; mUSk;

Mf;fpaopj;J

Ma;e;Njha;e;J

,isj;Jf; fisj;J

,d;dhu; ,dpahu;

<Lk; vLg;Gk;

cUTe;jpUTk;

cw;whUk; kw;whUk;

Vzy; Nfhzy; (xOq;fpd;ik)

Vq;fpj; Njq;fp

Ve;jpnaLj;J

Vkk; rhkk;

Vio ghio

xl;bAyu;e;J

xg;Gk; cau;Tk;

xd;wha; kd;wha;

fz;Lk; fhzhkYk;

fuL KuL

fPupAk; ghk;Gk;

Fd;Wk; FopAk;

$bf; Fytp

Nfhs; Fz;lzp (ngha;Gwzp)

re;J nghe;J

rg;Gr;rtu; (cgNahfkw;wJ)

ghLgwg;G (mjpfNtiy)


ctikj; njhlu; ctikj; njhlu; ctikj; njhlu; ctikj; njhlu; ctikj; njhlu;

ctikazp gapd;Wtuj;jf;fjhd nrhw;nwhlu;fis ehk; gad;gLj;JtJz;L.

mit ctikj; njhlu; vdg;gLk;.

moyUNf Nru;e;j kyu; Nghy

mWfapw;W}ry; Nghy

,iz gpupe;j md;wpy; Nghy

cUs; ngUe;NjUf;F mr;rhzp Nghy

cs;sPby;yhg; gju; Nghy

fly; kziyf; fzf;nfLj;jy; Nghy

Fd;W Kl;ba FUtp Nghy

Qhapwpy;iy vDk; gpwtpf; FUld; Nghy

kzw; Nrhw;wpy; fy;yhuha;tJ Nghy

tpupntapypy; tpsf;nfhsp Nghy

tpsf;F khw;Wf;Fg; gl;Lf; FQ;rk; fl;baJ Nghy

,ul;ilf;fpstp ,ul;ilf;fpstp ,ul;ilf;fpstp ,ul;ilf;fpstp ,ul;ilf;fpstp

xU nrhy; ,ul;bj;J tUtNj ~,ul;ilf;fpstp| vdg;gLfpd;wJ. mt;thW

,ul;bj;J tUk; nrhy; jdpj;J xypg;gNjh nghUs; jUtNjh ,y;iy. ,JNt

mLf;Fj; njhlUf;Fk; ,ul;ilf; fpstpf;Fk; cs;s NtWghlhFk;. ngUk;ghYk;

,ul;ilf; fpstp xypf;Fwpg;ghfNt gad;gLk;.

frfr - frfrj;jy;> <uypg;G

fzfz - fzfzj;jy;> ntk;ik

fjfj - fjfjg;G> kpjkhd ntk;ik

fufu - fufuj;jy;> jpdT

FWFW - FWFWj;jy;

nfhs nfhs - nfhsnfhsj;jy;@ jsu;jy;@ frpT nfhs;Sjy;

rjrj - rjrjg;G> <ug;gw;W

Rs;Rs; - Rs;spLjy;> typj;jy;

jsjs - jsjsj;jy;> ,sf;fk;> Nrhgpj;jy;.

JUJU - JU JUg;G @ RWRWg;G

ewew - ewewj;jy;> gw;fis neULjy;.

eWeW - eWeWj;jy;> tha;f;Ff; fbdkha; ,Uj;jy;.

neUneU - neUneUj;jy;> milry;.

nghYnghY - nghYnghYj;jy;> cjpu;jy;.

nkhunkhu - nkhunkhug;G

nkhOnkhO - nkhOnkhOg;G

tpz;tpz; - tpz;tpz;nzdy;> typj;jy;.

tPu;tPu; - tPupl;lOjy;

ntLntL - ntLntLj;jy;> Nfhgpj;jy;.

ntSntS - kpfTk; ntSj;jy;


mLf;Fj; njhlu; mLf;Fj; njhlu; mLf;Fj; njhlu; mLf;Fj; njhlu; mLf;Fj; njhlu;

jdpj;Jg; nghUs;juf; $ba nrhw;fs; ,ul;bj;J tUk; nghOJ mJ

mLf;Fj;njhlu; vdg;gLfpd;wJ.

mQ;rp mQ;rp

,Ue;jpUe;J

,sf ,sf

cauTau

Cj Cj

Cu;e;J Cu;e;J

xWj;J xWj;J

fdf;ff; fdf;f

Fl;lf; Fl;l

FKwpf; FKwp

$lf; $l

nfhjpf;f nfhjpf;f

nfhl;lf; nfhl;l

rpWfr; rpWf

jPl;lj;jPl;l

njUj;njU

Njk;gpj;Njk;gp

gofg; gof

ghsk; ghsk;

mLf;fpLf;Fj;njhlu; mLf;fpLf;Fj;njhlu; mLf;fpLf;Fj;njhlu; mLf;fpLf;Fj;njhlu; mLf;fpLf;Fj;njhlu;

mLf;Fj; njhlu;fSs;Ns rpy> Kd;nrhy; / gpd; nrhy; tpfhukile;J

kpFjp Kjyhd nghUs;fisf; fhl;Ltjhf tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; mLf;fpLf;Fj;

njhlu;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd.

mz;zzpj;J (kpf;f mz;ik@ mzpj;J - mz;ik)

fd;dq; fupa (kpff; fupa)

fd;dq; fNuy; (kpff; fupa)

nrf;fr; rpte;J (kpfr; rpte;j)

jd;de;jdp (jdpahf)

njs;sj; njspT (kpfj; njspthf)

el;leL

eLeLq;fp (kpf eLq;fp)

gz;zg; gizj;j (kpfg; ngupa)

gr;irg; gNry; (kpfg; gRikahd)

ngd;dk; ngupa (kpfg; ngupa)

ntl;lntsp (jpwe;j ntsp)

nts;is ntNsu; (kpFe;j nts;is)


,dpa nrhw;nwhlu;f;Nfhit ,dpa nrhw;nwhlu;f;Nfhit ,dpa nrhw;nwhlu;f;Nfhit ,dpa nrhw;nwhlu;f;Nfhit ,dpa nrhw;nwhlu;f;Nfhit

,uz;L %d;W Kjypa gynrhw;fs; njhlu;e;J nrhy; eaKk; nghUs;

eaKk; Njhd;Wk; tz;zk; thf;fpaj;jpy; mike;J tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; mUQ;

nrhw;nwhlu;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd.

mfKk; KfKk; kyu;e;J

mz;lruhruk; midj;Jk;

mzptd mzpe;J Gidtd Gide;J

mOjfz;Zk; rpe;jpa %f;Fk;

Mirfhl;b NkhrQ; nra;J

Mz;by; ,isadha; mwptpy; Kjpadha;

,izaw;w Jizahf

,y;Yiw nja;tk;

<e;Jtf;Fk; ,d;gk;

vz;zj;njhiyahJ Vl;by; mlq;fhJ

xg;ghUkpf;fhUkpd;wp

fUtpNy jpUTil

fhyhypl;lijj; jiyNkw; Rke;J

FWFW ele;J rpWif ePl;b

jiyj;jLkhw;wkhf

jdf;nfd thohg; gpwu;f;Fupahsd;

ehnshU tz;zKk; nghOnjhU NkdpAkha;

neQ;rhug; Gfo;e;J ehthu tho;j;jp

ghjhjp Nfrk; Nfrhjp ghjk;

ntq;nfhLikr; rhf;fhL

gonkhopfs; gonkhopfs; gonkhopfs; gonkhopfs; gonkhopfs;

rKjhaj;jpd; mDgtj; jpul;lhf> re;jjp re;jjpahf toq;fp tUk;

nrhw;nwhlu;fs; gonkhopfs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. ,it gbg;gwpTilNahuplk; kl;Lkd;wpg;

ghkuupilNaAk; toq;fp tUfpd;wd.

miuf;nfhj;juprp md;djhdk;@ tpba tpba Nksjhsk;.

mwg;gbj;jtd; mq;fhb Nghdhy; thq;fTk; khl;lhd; tpw;fTk; khl;lhd;.

,iyAk; gOg;Gk; vq;Fk; cz;L.

Xl;ilr; rl;bahdhYk; nfhOf;fl;il nte;jhw;rup.

fdhtpy; fz;l gok; flDf;F cjthJ.

nfhl;bdhy; Njs;> nfhl;lhtpl;lhw; gps;isg; G+r;rp.

Nfhtpw; G+id Njtiu kjpahJ.

rpWff; fl;bg; ngUf tho;.

eha; tpw;w fhR Fiuf;Fkh?

jhdq; nfhLj;j khl;il gy;iyg; gpbj;Jg;ghu;f;fhNj.

gifahsp gifia cwthbf; nfL.

gjwhj fhupak; rpjwhJ.

ke;jpukwpahjtd; G+ir tpba tpba.

tOtOj;j cwtpYk; ituq;nfhz;l gif ed;W.

ty;yhd; gk;guk; kzypYk; MLk;.


tuyhw;W hPjpahf Nehf;Fk;NghJ jkpopyf;fpaq;fs; neLq;fhyk; nra;As;

vd;Dk; Clfj;jhNyNa ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;L te;Js;sd. ,yf;fpak; khj;jpukd;wp

fzpjk;> Nrhjplk;> kUj;Jtk;> jUf;fk;> jj;Jtk; Kjyhd mwpTj;JiwfSk;

nra;A@lhfNt ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

etPd fhyj;jpNyNa ,yf;fpaq;fSk; gpwJiwfSk; trdeilf;F khwpd.

mJtiuapy; fhyq;fhykhf GjpaGjpa ,yf;fpaq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F GJg;GJ

tifahd nra;As; tbtq;fSk; Njhd;wpd. ,d;d nghUSf;F ,d;d nra;As;

tbtk;jhd; Vw;wJ vd;w fUj;Jk; jkpopyf;fpa cyfpy; epiyngw;Ws;sJ.

cjhuzkhf mw,yf;fpaj;Jf;F ntz;gh ahg;Ng rpwe;jJ vd;w vz;zg;ghq;F

epytpaikia mw,yf;fpaq;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikAk; ntz;gh ahg;gpNyNa

ghlg;gl;lik nfhz;L czuyhk;. mt;thNw ,d;d gpuge;jj;Jf;F ,d;d nra;ANs

chpaJ vd;w fUj;Jk; ,yf;fz hPjpahf epiyngw;Ws;sJ. Mw;Wg;gilf;F

Mrphpag;gh> cyhTf;F fypntz;gh vd;wthW epUzapf;fg;gl;Ls;sikia

cjhuzkhff; $wyhk;. nra;As; tiffshNyNa rpy ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs;

(gpuge;jq;fs;) cUthfpd;wd vd;gJk; ,q;F kdq;nfhs;sj;jf;fNj.

jpUtpul;ilkzpkhiy> Kk;kzpkhiy> ehd;kzpkhiy Kjyhdit mj;jifadNt.

,t;thwhf gz;ilj;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fSf;Fk; ahg;gpyf;fzj;Jf;FkpilNa

,d;wpaikahj; njhlu;Gfs; gy cz;L.

jkpopy; njhy;fhg;gpak; Kjyhf gy ,yf;fz E}y;fs; ahg;gpyf;fzk; gw;wpf;

$Wfpd;wd. ahg;gUq;fyk;> ahg;gUq;fyf; fhhpif vd;gd ahg;gpyf;fzk; kl;Lk;

$Wtdthf mike;j E}y;fs;. jw;fhyj;jpy; ahg;gpyf;fzq; fw;Nghu; ngUk;ghYk;

ifahs;tJ ahg;gUq;fyf; fhhpifiaNa MFk;.

ahg;gpyf;fzk; vd;gJ nra;As; tbtk; gw;wpa – nra;As;fspd; Xir epajp

gw;wpa ,yf;fzkhFk;. nra;ANshirf;F mbg;gilaha; miktd nkhopapd;

mbg;gil xypf;$Wfshd vOj;Jf;fNs. vOj;Jf;fs; jdpj;Jk; Nru;e;Jk; ,aq;Ftjd;

%yk; mirfs; cUthfpd;wd. jdpnahU vOj;jpdhy; MFk; mir Neuir

vdg;ngWk;. ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fs; Nru;e;J ,aq;Ftjdhy; MFk; mir epiuair

vdg;ngWk;. mirapNy fzpg;gplg;ngWk; vOj;Jf;fs; capnuOj;Jk; capu;nka;

vOj;Jkhfpa ,Utif vOj;Jf;fNs. mq;F jdpnka;fs; fzpg;gplg; ngWtjpy;iy.

Fw;wpaYfuk; Ifhuk; (FWf;fk;) Kjyhdit (Njitf;Nfw;g) rpy Ntisfspy;

fzpg;gplg; ngWtJz;L@ rpyNtisfspy; fzpg;gplg;ngwhJ tplg;gLtJk; cz;L.

cjhuzk; : NeuirNeuirNeuirNeuirNeuir

g - jdpf;Fwpyhyhd Neuir

gy; - jdpf;Fwpy; xw;wLj;J Md Neuir

gh - jdp nebyhy; Md Neuir

ghy; - jdp neby; xw;wLj;J Md Neuir

ahg;gpay;


epiuairepiuairepiuairepiuairepiuair

gf - ,izf;Fwpyhyhd epiuair

gfy; - ,izf;Fwpy; xw;wLj;J Md epiuair

tuh - Fwpy; nebyhyhd epiuair

tuhy; - Fwpy; neby; xw;wLj;J Md epiuair

NeuirAk; epiuairAkhfpa ,Utif mirAk; jk;nkhL jhKk; jk;nkhL

gpwTkhf cwo;e;J mikfpd;w epiyapy; <uirr; rPu;fs; ehd;F gpwf;fpd;wd.

mit <uirr;rPu; my;yJ mftw;rPu; vdg;gLfpd;wd.

<uirr;rPu; (mftw; rPu;)<uirr;rPu; (mftw; rPu;)<uirr;rPu; (mftw; rPu;)<uirr;rPu; (mftw; rPu;)<uirr;rPu; (mftw; rPu;)

Neu;Neu; - Njkh

epiuNeu; - Gspkh

epiuepiu - fUtpsk;

Neu;epiu - $tpsk;

me;j <uirr; rPu;fs; ehd;fpdJk; ,Wjpapy; NeuiriaAk; epiuairiaAk;

jdpj;jdpNa Nru;f;Fk;NghJ %tirr; rPu;fs; vl;Lg; gpwf;fpd;wd.

%tirr;rPu ;%tirr;rPu ;%tirr;rPu ;%tirr;rPu ;%tirr;rPu ;

Neu;Neu;Neu; - Njkhq;fha;

epiuNeu;Neu; - Gspkhq;fha;

epiuepiuNeu; - fUtpsq;fha;

Neu;epiuNeu; - $tpsq;fha;

Neu;Neu;epiu - Njkhq;fdp

epiuNeu;epiu - Gspkhq;fdp

epiuepiuepiu - fUtpsq;fdp

Neu;epiuepiu - $tpsq;fdp

me;j vl;by; Neuiria <w;wpy; cilait ehd;Fk; epiuairia <w;wpy;

cilait ehd;Fkhf mikfpd;wd. Kd;dit ehd;Fk; ntz;rPu; vd;Wk; gpd;dit

ehd;Fk; tQ;rpr;rPu; vd;Wk; toq;fg;ngWk;. <uirr; rPu;fs; ehd;ifAk; jd;ndhLjhDk;

gpwpJkhff; $l;b cwOk;NghJ gjpdhW tifahd ehyirr; rPu;fs; gpwf;Fk;.

mit nghJr;rPu; vdg;gLk;.

rpy nra;As;fspy; Xu; mirNa jdpj;J epd;Wk; rPu;Nghy ,aq;Fk;. mit

Xuirr; rPu; my;yJ mirr; rPu; vd;W toq;fg;ngWk;.

Xuirr;rPu ;Xuirr;rPu ;Xuirr;rPu ;Xuirr;rPu ;Xuirr;rPu ;

fhR

ehs;

kyu;

gpwg;G (fhR> gpwg;G vd;gtw;wpYs;s Fw;wpaYfuk;

myfplg;gltpy;iy / fzpg;gplg;gltpy;iy.

ntz;rPu;

tQ;rpr;rPu;


mftw;rPu; mftw;ghf;Fk;> ntz;rPu; ntz;ghTf;Fk;> tQ;rpr;rPu; tQ;rpg;ghTf;Fk;

rpwg;ghf chpad. nghJr;rPu; ntz;gh jtpu;e;j gpw ghf;fspw; nghJthfg; gapd;W

tUtJ. mirr;rPu; ntz;ghtpd; <w;wpYk; fypg;ghtpy; mk;Nghjuq;f <w;wpYk; gapd;W

tUk;.

rPNuhL rPiur;Nru;j;J nra;As; mbfis ahf;Fk;NghJ mr;rPu;fSf;fpilapy;

cz;lhFk; ,iaG jis vdg;gLk;. mt;tifapy; cz;lhFk; jisfis

Nky;tUkhW gFf;fyhk;.

Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis:Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis:Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis:Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis:Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis: Neuiria <w;wpNyAila Mrphpar;rPu; Neuiria

KjyhfTila gpwpnjhU rPUld; nghUe;Jtjhy;

Vw;gLe; jis.

cjhuzk; : ghYk; x NjDk;

(Neu;Neu; x Neu;Neu;)

epiunahd;whrphpaj;jisepiunahd;whrphpaj;jisepiunahd;whrphpaj;jisepiunahd;whrphpaj;jisepiunahd;whrphpaj;jis::::: epiuairia <w;wpNyAila Mrphpar; rPu; epiuairia

KjyhfTila rPnuhd;Wld; ,iajy;.

cjhuzk; : gUtKk; x cUtKk;

(epiuepiu x epiuepiu)

ntz;rPu; ntz;lis:ntz;rPu; ntz;lis:ntz;rPu; ntz;lis:ntz;rPu; ntz;lis:ntz;rPu; ntz;lis: ntz;rPnuhd;W (Neuiria <w;wpNyAila %tirr;

rPu;) tUQ;rPUld; xd;WgLjy;. mjhtJ Neuiria

Kjypw; nfhz;l rPu; xd;Wld; nghUe;Jjy;.

cjhuzk; : Myq;fha; x ntz;zpyNt

(Neu;Neu;Neu; x Neu;epiuNeu;)

,aw;rPu; ntz;lis:,aw;rPu; ntz;lis:,aw;rPu; ntz;lis:,aw;rPu; ntz;lis:,aw;rPu; ntz;lis: mftw;rPnuhd;W tUQ;rPUld; xd;WglhJ epw;wy;.

mjhtJ NeuiraPw;W mftw;rPu ; epiuairia

Kjyhff; nfhz;l rPUlDk; epiuairaPw;W mftw;rPu;

Neuiria Kjyhff; nfhz;l rPUlDk; nghUe;Jjy;.

cjhuzk; : gfYk; x ,uTk;

(epiuNeu; x epiuNeu;)

ghjfk; x nra;gtu;

(Neu;epiu x Neu;epiu)

xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis:xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis:xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis:xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis:xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis: tQ;rpr;rPnuhd;W tUQ;rPUld; xd;Wjy;. mjhtJ

tUQ;rPhpd; Kjy; epiuairahf mika cz;lhFk;

jis.

cjhuzk; : gfypuntd x ,UnghOjpYk;

(epiuepiuepiux epiuepiuepiu)

xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis:xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis:xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis:xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis:xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis: tQ;rpr;rPnuhd;W tUQ;rPUld; xd;whikahy; Vw;gLk;

jis. mjhtJ tUQ;rPu; Neuiria Kjyhff;

nfhz;bUj;jyhy; Vw;gLk; jis.

cjhuzk; : gr;irf;fpsp x Kj;Jr;ruk;

(Neu;Neu;epiux Neu;Neu;epiu)


fypj;jis:fypj;jis:fypj;jis:fypj;jis:fypj;jis: ntz;rPnuhd;W tUQ;rPUld; xd;whikahy; Vw;gLk;

jis. mjhtJ tUQ;rPu; epiuairia Kjyhff;

nfhz;L miktjhy; Vw;gLk; jis.

,t;thwhd jisfs; Vw;gLk;tifapy; ,uz;Nlh ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;Nlh

mike;j rPu;fshy; nra;Aspd; mbfs; cUthFk;. mt;thwhd mbfis Ie;J

tifahfg; gFj;J Nehf;fyhk;.

1. Fwsb:1. Fwsb:1. Fwsb:1. Fwsb:1. Fwsb: ,uz;L rPu;fs; khj;jpuk; mikag;ngw;w mb. (kpff; FWfpajhifahy;

Fwsb vdg;gl;lJ).

cjhuzk; : Rwkwptd Jiwnay;yhk;@

,wtPd;gd ,y;nyy;yhk;@

kPd;wpuptd fplq;nfy;yhk;@

Njd;who;td nghopnyy;yhk;@

vdthq;F>

jz;giz joP,a ,Uf;if

kznfO neLkjpy; kd;dd; CNu>|

(,r;nra;Aspy; cs;s Kjy; ehd;F mbfSk; FwybfshFk;.)

2. rpe;jb:2. rpe;jb:2. rpe;jb:2. rpe;jb:2. rpe;jb: %d;W rPu;fshy; mikag;ngw;wJ.

cjhuzk; : njhd;dyj;jpd; Gyk;giyg;gj; njhbj; Njhz;Nky;

gd;dyj;j fye;njhiyag; gupnta;jp

vd;dyj;jif ,Jntd;ndd vopy;fhl;br;

nrhd;dyj;jifg; nghUs;fUj;jpdpw; rpwe;jhq;nfdg;

ngupJk;>

fyq;fQu; va;jp tpLg;gtk;

rpyk;gpilr; nryTk; Nrzpte;jw;Nw>|

(,r;nra;Aspw; fhzg;ngWk; Kjy; ehd;F mbfSk; rpe;jbfshFk;.)

3. mstb:3. mstb:3. mstb:3. mstb:3. mstb: ehd;F rPu;fshy; MdJ. (,JNt msthdJ vd;w fUj;jpy; mstb

vdg;gl;lJ).

cjhuzk; : me;eyk; tpioe;jtu;f; fwK khapid

nghd;dyk; tpioe;jtu; nghUS khapid

,d;dyk; tpioe;jtu;f; fpd;G khapid

nka;e;eyk; tpioe;jtu; tPL khapid

4. nebyb:4. nebyb:4. nebyb:4. nebyb:4. nebyb: Ie;J rPu;fshy; MdJ.

cjhuzk; : kz;lyk; gz;Lz;l jpz;Nlu;

tuFzd; njhz;bapd;tha;f;

fz;lye; jz;Liwf; fz;lnjhd;

Wz;L> fdkfu

Fz;lyq; nfz;ilap uz;nlhL

njhz;ilAq; nfhz;nlhu;jpq;fs;

kz;lyk; tz;lyk; gf;nfhz;lhy;

jho tUfpd;wNj!


5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . fopnebyb:fopnebyb:fopnebyb:fopnebyb:fopnebyb: Ie;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l rPu;fshy; Md mb. (MW> VO> vl;L

Kjyhf ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd rPu;fisf;nfhz;l

fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jq;fis jpUg;Gfo;g; ghf;fspw;

fhzyhk;).

,j;jifa mbfshy; nra;As;fs; Mf;fg;ngWfpd;wd. xU nra;Aspy; Mff;

Fiwe;jJ ,U mbNaDk; mikag;ngWk;. Mrphpag;gh Nghd;w neLk; ghf;fspy;

mbfspd; Ngnuy;iyf;F tiuaiw ,y;iy. mtw;Wf;F ciug;Nghd; cs;sf;

fUj;Nj msT.

mbfisf; nfhz;L nra;As;fs; mikAk;NghJ mr;nra;Aspd; Xir

,dpikf;fhfTk; nghUl; ftu;r;rpf;fhfTk; rpy njhilfs; jhkhfNt mikag;

ngWfpd;wd. mitahtd>

1. Nkhid:1. Nkhid:1. Nkhid:1. Nkhid:1. Nkhid: nra;Aspd; mb xt;nthd;wpdJk; njhlf;fNkh my;yJ mb xd;wpYs;s

rPhpd; / nrhw;fspd; njhlf;fNkh xd;Wgl;L mikAkhapd; mJ

Nkhidj; njhil vdg;ngWk;.

cjhuzk; : $dp Nghdgpd; Fykyu;f; Fg;igepd; wpope;jhs;

Nrhid thu;Fow; fw;iwapw; nrhUfpa khiy

thd khkio EiojU kjpgpjpu;g; ghs;Nghy;

Njd thTW tz;bd kykyur; rpijj;jhs;.

2. ,iaG:2. ,iaG:2. ,iaG:2. ,iaG:2. ,iaG: nra;Aspd; mb xt;nthd;wpdJk; ,WjpNah my;yJ mb xd;wpYs;s

rPu;fspd; ,WjpNah xj;j xypg;Gila tifapy; njhLf;fg;gLtJ

,iaGj; njhilahFk;.

cjhuzk; : njd;id khJisfs; tha;g;G

thio kuj;jpy;

Njdhfj; njhq;Fk; gor; rPg;G

tpsh ,ye;ij

ve;ehSNk nfhLf;Fk; fha;g;G

FYq;Fk; vY

kpr;ir ehty; vq;Fk; Njhg;G

cyfpdpNy

vq;Fk; ,y;iy ,g;gb

vd;gJ ftpQu; jPu;g;G

3. vJif:3. vJif:3. vJif:3. vJif:3. vJif: mbfspd; njhlf;fNkh my;yJ mb xd;wpYs;s rPu;fspd; njhlf;fNkh

,uz;lhk; %d;whk; vOj;Jf;fshy; xd;WgLtJ vJifahFk;.


4. Kuz;:4. Kuz;:4. Kuz;:4. Kuz;:4. Kuz;: mbfspd; njhlf;fkhtJ mb xd;wpYs;s rPu;fspd; njhlf;fkhtJ

Kuz;gl;l (khWgl;l) nrhw;fshy; njhLf;fg;gl;L mikAkhapd;

mJ Kuz; njhil vdg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : ,Us;guj; jd;d khePu; kUq;fpd;

epyTFTj; jd;d ntz;kzy; xU rpiw

,Uk;gpd; md;d fUq;Nfhl;Lg; Gd;id

nghd;dpd; md;d Ez;jhJ ,iwf;Fk;

rpWFbg; gujtu; klkfs;

ngUkju; kiof;fZk; cilaths; mzq;Nf

5. msngil:5. msngil:5. msngil:5. msngil:5. msngil:

mbfspd; njhlf;fNkh mb xd;wpYs;s rPu;fspd; njhlf;fNkh

,irnflhj tifapy; vOj;J msngLj;J xd;Wk; njhil msngilj;

njhil vdg;ngWk;.

6. me;jhjpj;njhil:6. me;jhjpj;njhil:6. me;jhjpj;njhil:6. me;jhjpj;njhil:6. me;jhjpj;njhil:

xU mbapd; <w;wpy; (me;jj;jpy;) epw;Fk; vOj;J> mir> rPu; Kjyhdit

mLj;j mbapd; njhlf;fkhFk;gb (MjpahFk;gb) njhLf;fg;gLtJ

me;jhjpj;njhil. (nra;As;fis ,t;thW njhLf;Fk;NghNj me;jhjp>

khiy Kjyhd ,yf;fpa tbtq;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd).

7. ,ul;ilj;njhil:7. ,ul;ilj;njhil:7. ,ul;ilj;njhil:7. ,ul;ilj;njhil:7. ,ul;ilj;njhil:

mbapd; njhlf;fj;jpy; te;j nrhy;Ny me;j mbapy; njhlu;e;Jk;

te;jiktJ ,ul;ilj;njhil vdg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; : xf;FNk xf;FNk xf;FNk xf;Fk;

tpsf;fpDl; rPnwup xf;FNk xf;Fk;

Fsf;nfhl;bg; G+tpd; epwk;.

8. nre;njhil:8. nre;njhil:8. nre;njhil:8. nre;njhil:8. nre;njhil:

Nkw;gb njhilfs; vJTk; nraw;ifaha; mikahJ mir> rPu;>

,ir Kjypatw;why; moFk;> nghUj;jg;ghLk; mikag;ngw;Wr;

nra;Aisr; rpwg;gpj;J epw;gJ nre;njhil vdg;ngWk;. nraw;ifj;

njhil vJTkpd;wp ,ay;ghfNt khiyaha; mike;j flg;gk; G+Tk;

nfhd;iwg; G+Tk; Nghd;W epw;gJ.

cjhuzk; : G+j;j Ntq;if tpad;rpid Vwp

kapypdk; mfTk; ehld;

ed;Djw; nfhbr;R kdj;jfj; NjhNd

vOj;J Kjyhff; $wg;gl;l cWg;Gf;fs; nrt;tpa Kiwapy; mikAk;gbahf

nrhw;fisj; njhLj;J nghUSf;F ,lkhFk; tifapy; ahf;fg; ngWtd nra;As;

/ gh vdg;ngWk;.


,it gh vd;Wk; ghtpdk; vd;Wk; ,Utifg;gLk;.

(I) gh :gh :gh :gh :gh : 1. ntz;gh

• mitawpe;jh uha;e;J nrhy;Yf nrhy;ypd;

njhifawpe;J J}a;ik atu;.

• mg;gpNy Njha;j;jpl;L mLj;jLj;J ehkjidj;

jg;gpdhy; ek;ikaJ jg;ghNjh - ,g;Gtpapy;

,f;fypq;fk; Nghdhnyd; Vfypq;f khkJiur;

nrhf;fypq;fk; jhdpUf;fr; nrhy;.

2. Mrphpag;gh

• fUq;fhy; Ntk;gpd; xz;G+ ahzu;

vd;id apd;wpAq; foptJ nfhy;Nyh

Mw;way; vOe;j ntz;Nfhl; ljtj;

njOFspu; kpjpj;j xUgok; Nghyf;

Fioaf; nfhbNahu; ehNt

fhjy ufyf; fy;nyd; wt;Nt. (FWe;njhif)

3. fypg;gh

• Rlu;j;njhB, Nfsha; njUtpdh khL ................................................................. (fypj;njhif)

4. tQ;rpg;gh

• ths;tye;ju kWg;gl;ld nrt;thdj;J tdg;Gg;Nghd;wd

jhs;fsq;nfhsf; foy;giwe;jd

nfhy;;Nyw;wpd; kWg;Gg;Nghd;wd

Njhy;Jitj;jk;gpd; JisNjhd;Wt

............................................................. (GwehD}W)

(II) ghtpdk;:ghtpdk;:ghtpdk;:ghtpdk;:ghtpdk;: 1. jhopir

2. Jiw

3. tpUj;jk;\

ehy;tifg; ghf;fSf;Fk; %tifg; ghtpdq;fSk; cz;L.

(I) ntz;ghtpdk;:ntz;ghtpdk;:ntz;ghtpdk;:ntz;ghtpdk;:ntz;ghtpdk;: 1. ntz;jhopir

2. ntz;Jiw

3. ntsptpUj;jk;

(II) mftw;ghtpdk;:mftw;ghtpdk;:mftw;ghtpdk;:mftw;ghtpdk;:mftw;ghtpdk;: 1. Mrphpaj;jhopir

2. Mrphpaj;Jiw

3. Mrphpa tpUj;jk; (rPtf rpe;jhkzp> fk;guhkhazk;

Kjyhd fhtpaq;fspw; gapd;W tUtJ)


(III) fypg;ghtpdk;:fypg;ghtpdk;:fypg;ghtpdk;:fypg;ghtpdk;:fypg;ghtpdk;: 1. fypj;jhopir

2. fypj;Jiw

3. fyptpUj;jk; (ngUk;ghyhd fhtpaq;fspd; flTs;

tho;j;Jf;fs; fyptpUj;jkhfNt mikfpd;wd)

cjhuzk; : cyfk; ahitAk; jhKs thf;fYk;

(fk;guhkhazk;)

(IV) tQ;rpg;ghtpdk;:tQ;rpg;ghtpdk;:tQ;rpg;ghtpdk;:tQ;rpg;ghtpdk;:tQ;rpg;ghtpdk;: 1. tQ;rpj;jhopir

2. tQ;rpj;Jiw

3. tQ;rptpUj;jk;


nrhy;Yk; tplaj;ijf; ftu;r;rpahd Kiwapw; nra;tjw;F mzpfs; gad;gLfpd;wd.

nra;As; ,yf;fpak; trd ,yf;fpak; vd;gtw;wpy; khj;jpukd;wp rhjhuz

ciuahly;fspYk; mzpfs; gapd;W tUfpd;wd. njhy;fhg;gpak; (nghUsjpfhuk;

- ctktpay;) mzpapyf;fzk; $Wk; E}y;fSs; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpajhFk;.

gpw;fhyj;jpy; mzpapyf;fzk; $Wtdtha; mike;j jdpE}y;fSk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.

cjhuzk; jz;b myq;fhuk;.

,yf;fz E}y;fs; mzpfis>

1. nghUszp

2. nrhy;yzp vd ,U tifg;gLj;jpAs;sd.

nghUszp nghUszp nghUszp nghUszp nghUszp

,yf;fpaq;fspd; nghUis $Wfpd;w Kiwik %yk; moFgLj;jp tUk; mzpfs;

nghUszpfs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. ctik> cUtfk;> jd;iketpw;rp> jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk;>

cau;T etpw;rp> Ntw;Wg;nghUs; itg;G Kjyhd gy mzpfs; ,t;tifg;ghl;bDs;

mlq;Fk;. ,tw;Ws; gpujhdkhd rpy mzpfs; fPNo tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

ctikazp ctikazp ctikazp ctikazp ctikazp

ctikazp vd;gJ xU nghUis mjdpYk; rpwe;j xU nghUSld; xg;gpLtjd;

%yk; rpwg;gpg;gJ MFk;. ,jpy; ctkhdk;> ctNkak;> nghJj;jd;ik> ctkTUG

Mfpad mike;J tUk;.

xd;iw ,d;ndhd;Wld; xg;gpl;Lf; $WtNj ctik vdg;gLtJ. njupahj xd;iw

njupe;j xd;wpd; %yk; tpsf;FtJ ,jd; mbg;gilg; gz;G. MapDk; ,yf;fpa

tof;fpYk; cyfpay; tof;fpYk; xU nghUis mjidtplr; rpwe;j xd;NwhL

xg;gpLtjd; %yk; mg;nghUisr; rpwg;gpg;gjw;Nf ctik ngupJk; ifahsg;gLfpd;wJ.

cjhuzkhf Kfj;ij tplj; jhkiu mofhdnjd;w cz;ikapd; mbg;gilapNyNa

~jhkiu Nghd;w Kfk;| vd;w ctik ifahsg;gLfpd;wJ. mJNghyNt ~$dp

Nghd;wts;| vd;Dk; NghJ nfhLikf; FzKilatu;fSs; $dpNa

Kjd;ikahdts; vd;w fUJNfhspd; mbg;gilapNyNa xU ngz; $dpNahL

xg;gplg;gLfpd;whs;.

ctik mzpnahd;wpd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fshf ctkhdk;> ctNkak;>

nghJj;jd;ik ctikAUG vd;gd mikAk;.

ctikazp mzpfSf;nfy;yhk; jha; mzp vdr; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ctikazpapypUe;Nj Vida mzpfs; Njhw;wpd.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : ~~mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;FNghy; neQ;rk;

fLj;jJ fhl;Lk; Kfk;||

,t;Tjhuzj;jpy; :- ctkhdk; - gspq;F

ctNkak; - Kfk;

nghJj;jd;ik - gpujpgypj;Jf; fhl;Ljy;

ctk cUG - Nghy

mzpfs;


ctikf; fhl;rpapd; NghJ> ctikAUG kiwe;J tUtJk; cz;L. me;epiyapy;

mJ ctikj; njhif vdg;gLk;.

ctik xU nghUspw;Fk; kw;nwhd;wpw;Fk; gz;G gw;wpAk;> njhopy; gw;wpAk;>

gad;gw;wpAk; xg;Gik cz;lhfr; nra;ag;gLk; vdf; $Wtu;. ,jdbg;gilapy;

ctikazpia> gz;Gtik> njhopYtik> gaDtik vd %d;whfg;

ghFgLj;jyhk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : kjpNghd;w Kfk; - gz;Gtik

Gyp Nghyg; gha;e;jhd; - njhopy; ctik

kioNghd;w if - gaDtik

ctikazp gytifg;gLfpd;wJ. mtw;Ws; gpujhdkhd ,uz;L tifapid

Nehf;FNthk;.

,y;nghUs; ctik,y;nghUs; ctik,y;nghUs; ctik,y;nghUs; ctik,y;nghUs; ctik

cyfpy; ,y;yhj xU nghUis ctkhdkhf vLj;Jf; $wp tpsf;Fjy;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : fz;Zw;whd; thyp ePyf; fhu;Kfpy; fkyk; G+j;JePyf; fhu;Kfpy; fkyk; G+j;JePyf; fhu;Kfpy; fkyk; G+j;JePyf; fhu;Kfpy; fkyk; G+j;JePyf; fhu;Kfpy; fkyk; G+j;J

kz;Zw;W tuptpy; Ve;jp tUtNjNghYk;kz;Zw;W tuptpy; Ve;jp tUtNjNghYk;kz;Zw;W tuptpy; Ve;jp tUtNjNghYk;kz;Zw;W tuptpy; Ve;jp tUtNjNghYk;kz;Zw;W tuptpy; Ve;jp tUtNjNghYk; khiy.

(fk;guhkhazk; - thyptijg;glyk;)

fUNkfk; xd;W jhkiug; G+f;fisg; G+j;J ifapNy tpy;Yk; jhq;fp te;jJ

Nghy; ,uhkd; te;jhd;. ,aw;ifapy; ,y;yhj xd;iw ctikahff; $Wtjhy;

,g;nghUs; ctikahfpd;wJ.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp

ctkhdj;ij cjhuzq;fhl;b ctNkaj;ij tpsq;f itf;Fk; mzp vLj;Jf;fhl;L

ctik mzp MFk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : mfuKjy vOj;J vy;yhk; Mjp gftd; Kjw;Nw AyF.

,t;Tjhuzj;jpy; mfu capu; vOj;Jf;fSf;nfy;yhk; KjyhfpAk; Vida

vOj;Jf;fSld; fye;Jk; epw;Fk; jd;ik vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;L mJ Nghy ,iwtd;

,t;Tyfg; nghUs;fs;> capu;fs; ahtw;wpw;Fk; KjyhfpAk; mtw;Wld; fye;Jk;

,Uf;Fk; jd;id Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sik fhz;f.

ctikazpapd; tifg;ghl;bDs; mlf;fg;glhtpbDk; mjDld; njhlu;GgLj;jpg;

ghu;f;ff; $badthf cs;Siw ctkk;> ,iwr;rp vd;gd tpsq;Ffpd;wd. rq;ffhy

mfj;jpizg;ghly;fspy; mjpfk; gapd;W te;jd.

cs;Siw ctkk; vd;gJ Fwpg;ghfr; Rl;lg;gLk; ctkk; MFk;. ,iwr;rp vd;gJ

Fwpg;Gg; nghUs; MFk;. ,it gw;wpa Nkyjpf tpsf;fq;fis juk; 12

MrpupauwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy; fhz;f.

cUtfk; cUtfk; cUtfk; cUtfk; cUtfk;

ctikazpapy; tUk; ctkhdk; ctNkak; ,uz;ilAk; Ntwhff; $whJ ,uz;Lk;

xd;Nw vd;w tifapw; $wpd; mJ cUtfkhFk;.


cjhuzk; : cjhuzk; : cjhuzk; : cjhuzk; : cjhuzk; : ~~rPu;tsu; tpopkyu; tpopkyu; tpopkyu; tpopkyu; tpopkyu; rpwe;J Kj;JQ;r

#u;tsu; kdj;jtu; Jifj;J Nsq;fpdhu;||

(Njk;ghtzp : 14)

Nkw;Nghe;j ghly; tupfspy; cs;s ~tpopkyu;| vDk; njhlupy; cUtf mzp

gapd;W te;Js;sJ. mJ tpopahfpa kyu; vd tpupAk;. tpopahdJ kyuhf ,q;Nf

cUtfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sijf; fhz;f. ctikazpapy; kyu; Nghd;w tpop vd;W tUtJ

,q;nf tpopkyu; vd;W cUtfkhfpd;wJ. ctikapy; tpop NtW kyu; NtW@

cUtfj;jpy; ,uz;Lk; xd;Nw.

jd;ik etpw;rpazp jd;ik etpw;rpazp jd;ik etpw;rpazp jd;ik etpw;rpazp jd;ik etpw;rpazp

xU nghUspidNah my;yJ ,aw;iff; fhl;rpapidNah mjd; ,ay;Gfs;

cs;sthNw ntspg;gl;L epw;Fk; tz;zk; kdijf; ftUk; Kiwapy; $WtJ

jd;ik etpw;rp mzpahFk;.


1. ~~ghl;bapd; Kf;fhbl;l tl;lkhd Kfj;jpy; xU Foe;ijf; fiy

Fbnfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;jtajpYk; mts; rpupf;Fk;NghJ tupirg; gw;fs; tbtha;

mike;jpUe;jJ Xu; Mr;rupaNk! mts; Nkhthapd; tyJ Gwj;jpy; xU

kpsif tplTk; rw;Wg; gUj;j mofpa fWg;G kr;rk;@ mjd; kPJ kl;Lk; fU

fU vd Kb....... ,t;tsitAk; xU Nrug;ghu;j;jtu;fs; ,ts; ,stajpy;

vg;gb ,Ue;jpUg;ghs; vd;W vd;dhky; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ghl;bapd; nghd;dpwkhd

Nkdpapy; mjpf epw Ngjk; fhl;lhj ehu;gl;Lg; Glitf; fhw;wpy; glglj;jJ@

Glitapy; ,l;l Kf;fhl;bd; tpspk;ngy;yhk;. Fj;Jf;Fj;jha; Nyrhfj;

jiyf;fhl;Lk; - kopj;J ehshfp tpl;ljhy; tsu;e;jpUf;Fk; - nts;sp Kb>

fOj;jpy; ];gbf khiy> new;wpapy; tpau;itahy; fiye;j tpG+jpg; G+r;R.

Glitj; jiyg;ghy; Kfj;ijAk; iffisAk; khu;Gf; Ftl;bd; kbg;GfisAk;

mOe;jj; Jtl;bf; nfhz;lhy; mg;NghJ tyJ tpyhg; Gwj;jpy; ,Ue;j rpwpa

gtsk; Nghd;w kr;rk; ntspj;njupe;jJ||

,q;F gpuhkz Fyj;ijr; rhu;e;j %jhl;b xUj;jpapd; Njhw;wk; ,ay;ghf

tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2. ~~rpwpa jhdpak; Nghd;w %f;F@ rpd;df; fz;fs;@ rpd;dj;jiy@ nts;isf;

fOj;J@ mofpa kq;fy - ntz;ik epwKila gl;Lg; Nghu;j;j tapW@

fUikAk; ntz;ikAk; ,it fye;j rhk;gs; epwj;jhyhfpa gl;Lg; Nghd;w

KJF@ rpwpa Njhif@ Jspj;Jspf; fhy;fs;||

rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; ,ay;ghd Njhw;wk; ,q;F ,ay;ghf tUzpf;fg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.

,t;Tjhuzj;jpy; Mau;Fyg; ngz;fs; japu;filAk; fhl;rpapid myq;fhukhfTk;

ftu;r;rpfukhdjhfTk; ftpQu; tu;zpj;Js;sjhy; ,J jd;ik etpw;rpazpahapw;W.

cau;T etpw;rpazp cau;T etpw;rpazp cau;T etpw;rpazp cau;T etpw;rpazp cau;T etpw;rpazp

xU nghUspd; my;yJ fhl;rpapd; ,ay;ghd jd;ikfis> ftpQd; jdJ

fw;gidj;jpwdhy; kpFjpg;gLj;jp tpag;Gj; Njhd;Wk; gb tu;zpj;Jf; $WtJ cau;T


etpw;rpazpahFk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : nghd; nfhz;b ioj;jkzp iaf;nfhL nghjpe;j

kpd;nfhz;l ikj;j ntapiyf; nfhL rikj;j

vd; nfhz;b aw;wpant dj;njupfp yhj

td;nfhz;ly; tpl;Lkjp Kl;Ltd khlk;

,t;Tjhuzg; ghlybfspy; ,yq;if khefupd; rpwg;G ftpQuhy; fw;gidj; jpwDld;

cau;T etpw;rpahfg; ghlg;gl;Ls;sik fhz;f.

jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp

,aw;ifahd nghUspdplj;J my;yJ epfo;r;rpapdplj;J ftpQd; jdJ fw;gidia

Vw;wpf; $WtjhFk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : fz; mfd;w mfo; fyq;fypd;

jz; mfd;w juq;fk; jsk;gNy

vz; mfd;w Fzj;J ,tu;> ~epd;kpd; vd;W

xz; mfd;w if ePl;bdJ xj;jNt|

(Njk;ghtzp : 26)

,t;Tjhuzj;jpy; fhw;why; miyg;Gw;Wj; jsk;Gfpd;w mfop miyfs; #irag;giuAk;

kupahisAk; efuj;ij tpl;Lr; nry;y Ntz;lhk; vdj; jLg;gJ Nghyf;

fhzg;gLtjhff; $Wfpd;whu;. fhw;wpdhy; mfopapy; miyfs; jsk;GtJ ,ay;ghdJ.

Mdhy;> Gytu; mjpy; jdJ fw;gidia Vw;wpf; $wpapUj;jy; fhz;f.

Ntw;Wikazp Ntw;Wikazp Ntw;Wikazp Ntw;Wikazp Ntw;Wikazp

njhlu;Gila ,U nghUs;fis xg;gpl;Ltpl;L mtw;Ws; xd;W ahNjDk; xU

tifapy; NtWgl;Lk; rpwg;Gw;Wk; epw;gijf; fhl;LtJ Ntw;Wikazp MFk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : ~~jpq;fSk; rhd;NwhUk; xg;gu;@ jpq;fs; kWj;

jhq;Fk; rhd;Nwhu; mJ jhq;fhu;||

~~jPapdhw; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk; MwhNj

ehtpdhw; Rl;l tL||

Ntw;Wg;nghUs; itg;Gmzp Ntw;Wg;nghUs; itg;Gmzp Ntw;Wg;nghUs; itg;Gmzp Ntw;Wg;nghUs; itg;Gmzp Ntw;Wg;nghUs; itg;Gmzp

ahNjDk; xU tplaj;jpid tpgupf;fj; njhlq;fp mjidg; G+uzg;gLj;Jtjw;F

trjpahfj; njhlu;Gila cyfg; nghJthd xU cz;ikiar; Nru;j;Jr; nrhy;tJ

Ntw;Wg; nghUs; itg;G mzp MFk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : mDkd; fly; fle;jhd;@ ngupNahu;f;F mupaJ ahJ?

tQ;rfg; Gfo;r;rpazp tQ;rfg; Gfo;r;rpazp tQ;rfg; Gfo;r;rpazp tQ;rfg; Gfo;r;rpazp tQ;rfg; Gfo;r;rpazp

xd;wid my;yJ xUtiu gopg;gpdhy; Gfo;r;rp Njhd;wNth> Gfo;r;rpapdhy; gopg;Gj;

Njhd;wNth $Wjy; tQ;rfg; Gfo;r;rpazp MFk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : ~~fq;fh ejpNa cdf;F tpNtfNkJ? eP

kfhghtpfSf;Fk; ew;fjp jUfpwhad;Nwh||

vDk; thf;fpaj;jpy; gopg;ghw; Gfo;r;rpAk;>


~~ngw;w fy;tpiaj; JNuhfQ; nra;ahky;

FUTf;Nf xg;gpj;jpl;lhd;||

vDk; thf;fpaj;jpy; Gfo;r;rpahy; gopg;Gk; czu;j;jg;gl;ld.

Kuz; mzp Kuz; mzp Kuz; mzp Kuz; mzp Kuz; mzp

Nky; Nehf;fpy; xd;wpw;F xd;W khWghlhfTk; cs;Nehf;fpy; mk;khWghby;yhkYk;

mikaf; $Wjy; ~Kuz; mzp| vdg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : ~nra;ahs; gyeyKk; nra;ths;| vd;gjpy; ~nra;ahs;|

~nra;ths;| vd;gd xd;Nwhnlhd;W nrhy;yhy; Kuz;gLjYk;@

nra;ahs; vd;gJ ,yf;Fkp vdg; nghUs;gl;L mts; vy;yh

ed;ikAk; nra;gts; vdf; fUJjyhy; Kuz;glhikAk; fhz;f.

~mtd; Mz;by; ,isats;. mwptpy; Kjpatd;|

nrhy;yzp nrhy;yzp nrhy;yzp nrhy;yzp nrhy;yzp

,yf;fpaq;fspy; gapd;W tUk; nrhw;fis moFgLj;jptUk; mzpfs; nrhy;yzpfs;

vdg;gLfpd;wd. akfk;> jpupG> rpNyil Kjyhd mzpfs; ,t;tifg;ghl;bDs;

mlq;Fk;. ,tw;Ws; gpujhdkhd rpy mzpfs; fPNo tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

akfk;akfk;akfk;akfk;akfk;

gy mbfspyhapDk; Xubapy; gy ,lq;fspyhapDk; te;j vOj;Jj; njhlu;fNs

kPz;Lk; te;J nghUs; NtWgLtJ akfk; mzpahFk;. ,JNt klf;F mzp

vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : ehf new;wpapd; ed;kzp XilNghy;

ehf new;wpapd; ed;kzp MWgha;

ehf new;wpapd; ed;kyu;fh mg;ghy;

ehf new;wpapd; ed;kjp Njhd;wpw;Nw

,t;Tjhuzj;jpy; ehfk; vd;Dk; nrhy; ahid> kiy> Gd;idkuk;> thdk; vdg;

gy nghUs;fspy; jpUk;gj;jpUk;g te;jpUg;gijf; fhz;f.

rpNyilazp rpNyilazp rpNyilazp rpNyilazp rpNyilazp

xU nrhy;ypid my;yJ njhlupidg; gy nghUs; tpsq;FkhW mikj;Jf;

$Wjy; rpNyil mzpahFk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; : ~nrq;fuq;fshy; ,uT jPu;f;Fk;|

,e;j cjhuzj;jpy; rpte;j fpuzq;fshy; #upad; ,Uis xopj;jYk; mofpa

rpte;j iffshy; murd; jhdk; nra;j tWikia xopj;jYk; rpNyilahy;

czu;j;jg;gl;ld. ,uT vd;Dk; nrhy; ,uhj;jpup> ,uj;jy; vd;Dk; ,U nghUs;fspy;

te;jd.


Mrpupau;fSf;F kl;Lkhd Nkyjpf thrpg;G E}w;gl;bay;

1. ew;wpizr; nry;tk; - lhf;lu; K. tujuhrd;

2. ew;wpizr; nrhw;nghopTfs; - fof ntspaPL 1975

3. rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Nwhu; kzpahuk; - njhFg;G - kNdhd;kzp

rz;Kfjh]; KjyhNdhu;

4. kzpNkfiy fhl;Lk; tho;T - rhkp rpjk;gudhu;

5. rPwhg;Guhzk; - jf;fiy v];. vk;. g]Pu;

6. ckWg; Gytu; - rp. eapdhu; K`k;kJ

7. jkpopy; rpWfijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk; - Nguhrpupau; fh. rptjk;gp

8. ciueil tuyhW - Nguhrpupau; tp. nry;tehafk;

9. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; - kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp

10. ,yq;ifapy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rp - fyhepjp JiukNdhfud;

11. <oj;J ,yf;fpa Kd;Ndhbfs; - Nguhrpupau; f. ifyhrgjp

12. <oj;Jj; jkpo; ehlf ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rp - tpj;Jthd; f. nrhf;fypq;fk;

13. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L <oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rp - rp. nksdFU

vk;. V. E/khd;

nks. rpj;uNyfh

Fwpg;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G: juk; 12 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy; cs;s Nkyjpf

E}y;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jf.


mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; kjpg;gPL Mfpad fy;tpr; nrad; Kiwfspd; Kf;fpa

%d;W $WfshFk; vd;gijAk; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij

mwpa fzpg;gPL kjpg;gPL vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; vy;yh

Mrpupau;fSk; ed;F mwpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mit xd;wd; kPJ xd;W nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;Jk; mNj Ntis xt;nthd;Wk; kw;iwatw;wpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;Jfpd;wd vd;gJk; Mrpupau; ahtUk; mwpe;j cz;ikahFk;. njhlu; kjpg;gPl;L

(vg;NghJk; epfOk;) Nfhl;ghLfSf;Nfw;g fzpg;gPlhdJ fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;

Kiwapd; NghNj ,lk; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;. fzpg;gPlhdJ fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;

nrad;Kiwapd; Muk;gj;jpNyh> ,ileLtpNyh ,WjpapNyh ,lk; ngwyhk; vd;gij

Mrpupau; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;. jkJ khztupd; fw;wy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf;

fzpg;gpl vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; Mrpupau; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy;> fzpg;gPL Mfpait njhlu;ghd

xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l jpl;l nkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;Jjy; mtrpakhFk;.

ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lkhdJ xU guPl;ir KiwNah

Nrhjid elj;JjNyh md;W. ,J khztu;fsJ fw;wiyAk;> Mrpupau;fspd;

fw;g pj ;jiyAk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg ;gLk; ,izg;G vd

,dq;fhzg;gLfpwJ. khztupd; mUfpy; ,Ue;J mtu;fspd; ,aYikfs;>

,ayhikfs; vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fz;L mtw;Wf;fhd gupfhu eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; mtu;fs; cau; Mw;Wif kl;lj;ij miltjw;fhfg;

gad;gLj;jf; $ba xU Ntiyj;jpl;lNk ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPlhFk;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;bYs;s nrad;Kiwapy; khztu;fs; <LgLk;

NghJ Mrpupau; khztu;fspilNa elkhb mtu;fs; epiwNtw;Wk; nraiy

mtjhdpj;J Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;f Ntz;Lnkdg; ghlrhiy kl;lf;

fzpg;gPl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lk; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F> khztu;fs;

njhlu;r;rpahf kjpg;gPl;Lf;F cs;shf;fg;gLtNjhL khztu; Mw;wy; mgptpUj;jp

vjpu;ghu;j;jthW ,lk; ngWfpd;wjh vd;gij Mrpupau; cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;.

khztUf;F Vw;w mDgtq;fis toq;fp mtw;iw khztu;fs; cupa

tpjj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;fsh vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

,jw;fhf Kiwahd topfhl;ly;fSk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fzpg;gPl;by; <LgLk;

(kjpg;gPL) Mrpupau;fs; jkJ khztu;fSf;F ,Utopfspy; topfhl;ly;fis toq;f

KbAk;. mit gpd;D}l;ly; (Feed back) vdTk; Kd;D}l;ly; (Feed forward) vdTk;miof;fg;gLk;. khztu;fs; ,ayhik> Mw;wypd;ik vd;gtw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jk;

NghJ mtu;fspd; fw;wy; gpur;rpidfis ePf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd;D}l;liyAk; khztupd;

,aYikiaAk; Mw;wiyAk; ,dq; fhZkplj;J mtw;iw NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F

Kd;D}l;liyAk; toq;FtJ Mrpupaupd; gzpahFk;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad; Kiwapy; ntw;wp fhz;gjw;F ghlj;jpl;l

Nehf;fq;fSs; ve;j Nehf;fj;ij ve;j kl;lj;jpy; epiwNtw;w KbAk; vd;gij

ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPL


,dq;fhZjy; Mrpupau;fSf;F mtrpakhFk;. fzpg;gPl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf

khztu;fs; mz;kpf;Fk; Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij ,jw;Nfw;g Mrpupau; cWjpg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;syhk;. mj;Jld; khztu;fs; ngw;Nwhu;fs; mlq;fyhf NtW ,g;gzpAld;

njhlu;Gilatu;fs; vd;NghUf;F khztupd; Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wpa jfty;fis

mwptpf;fTk; Mrpupau; Kd;tUjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba rpwe;j

xU KiwNa khztu;fis njhlu;e;J fzpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;Jtjw;F ,lkspf;Fk;

ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;L KiwahFk;.

NkNy $wg;gl;l Nehf;fq;fSld; nraw;gLk; Mrpupau;fs; jkJ fw;gpj;jy;

nrad;KiwiaAk; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; nrad; KiwiaAk; NkYk; tpidj;jpwd;

kpf;fjhf;f kpfr; rpwe;j gad;jUk; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; kjpg;gPL Mfpa Kiwfisg;

gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;ghf khztu;fSk; Mrpupau;fSk; gad;gLj;jf;

$ba mZFKiwfs; gw;wpa tifffs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,it ePz;l fhykhf

Mrpupau;fSf;fhf guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhYk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtdj;jpdhYk;

jpul;lg;gl;l Kiwapay;fshFk;. vdpDk; ,it gw;wpg; ghlrhiyj; njhFjpapYs;s

Mrpupau;fs; ed;F mwpe;Js;shu;fs; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fpNwhk;.

1. xg;gil 2. nraw;wpl;lk;

3. Ma;T 4. Njbahuha;jy;

5. mtjhdpg;Gfs; 6. fz;fhl;rp / Kd;itj;jy;

7. fsr; Rw;Wyh 8. FWtpil tpdhf;fs;

9. mikg;Gf; fl;Liufs; 10. jpwe;j E}y; Nrhjidfs;

11. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs; 12. nrtpkLj;jy; Nrhjidfs;

13. nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; 14. Ngr;R

15. Ra Mf;fq;fs; 16. FOr; nraw;ghLfs;

17. vz;zf;fUg; glq;fs; 18. ,ul;ilg; gjpT Fwpg;G Gj;jfk; (Journal)19. Rtu;g;gj;jpupiffs; 20. tpdh tpil epfo;r;rpfs;

21. tpdh tpilg; Gj;jfk; 22. tpthjq;fs;

23. FOf;fye;Jiuahly; 24. fUj;juq;Ffs;

25. cldbr; nrhw;nghopT 26. ghj;jpuNkw;W ebj;jy;

mwpKfQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s ,e;j fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; fzpg;gPl;L Kiw

Mfpa midj;Jk; vy;yhg; ghlq;fspdJk; vy;yh myFfSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. ghlj;Jf;Fk; myFf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd

tifapidj; njupT nra;tjw;F Mrpupau; mwpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy; Mrpupau;fs; jkJ khztu;fspd;

fw;wy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij fzpg;gPL nra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;

fzpg;gPl;L tiffs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iw Mrpupau;fs; nghUj;jkhd

tpjj;jpy; jkJ tFg;giw khztu;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf; fzpg;gPL nra;tjw;Fg;

gad;gLj;j KbAk;. ,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jhJ jtpu;j;jy; khztu;fs; jkJ mwpT>

Mw;wy; cs vOr;r pg ; gz;Gfs; cstpay; Mw;wy;fs; vd;gtw;w py ;

tpUj;jpailtjw;Fk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; jilfis Vw;gLj;Jk;.


Kjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtiz

fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik : fhl;rpg;gLj;jYk; Kd; itj;jYk; (mspf;if): fhl;rpg;gLj;jYk; Kd; itj;jYk; (mspf;if): fhl;rpg;gLj;jYk; Kd; itj;jYk; (mspf;if): fhl;rpg;gLj;jYk; Kd; itj;jYk; (mspf;if): fhl;rpg;gLj;jYk; Kd; itj;jYk; (mspf;if)

Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk; ::::: jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jfty;fis glq;fSld;

fhl;rpg;gLj;jp njhFj;Jf; $Wthu;.

ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs; ::::: gj;jpupif JZf;Ffs;

Rtnuhl;bfs;

tpsk;guq;fs;

juTfs;

xyp / xspg;gjpT ehlhf;fs;Neu; fhzy;

bikd; jhs;fs;

tu;z ik

vOJjhs;fs;

vOJ fUtpfs;

Mrpupau; nraw;ghLfs;Mrpupau; nraw;ghLfs;Mrpupau; nraw;ghLfs;Mrpupau; nraw;ghLfs;Mrpupau; nraw;ghLfs; :::::

• khztu;fis %d;W FOf;fshf (ehd;F / Ie;J khztu;fis

nfhz;ljhf) gpupj;J xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; jiyg;ig toq;fy;.

• FO I - cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfisf; ftUk; tifapy; ekJ

ehl;bd; Rw;Wyhj; Jiwia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

FO II - Clfq;fSk; fy;tp tsu;r;rpapy; mtw;wpd; gq;fspg;Gk;.

FO III - ,izg;ghl tpjhd nraw;ghLfSk; khztupd; MSik

tpUj;jpAk;.

• xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;Gf;fis cg jiyg;Gf;fshfg;

gpupj;J xt;nthU khztu;f;Fk; toq;fy;.

FO I - (jiyg;G) cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfis ftUk; tifapy;

ekJ ehl;bd; Rw;Wyhj; Jiwia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

cgjiyg;Gf;fs;.cgjiyg;Gf;fs;.cgjiyg;Gf;fs;.cgjiyg;Gf;fs;.cgjiyg;Gf;fs;.

khztu; 1

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwia tpUj;jp nra;tjd; mtrpak;.

khztu; 2

Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapd; ,d;iwa epiy.

khztu; 3

tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba ,lq;fs; / mk;rq;fs;.

khztu; 4

tpUj;jpf;fhd eltbf;iffs;.


FO II - (jiyg;G) Clfq;fSk; fy;tp tsu;r;rpapy; mtw;wpd;

gq;fspg;Gk;.

cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;

khztu; 1

nkhop tsu;r;rpapYk; fy;tp tsu;r;rpapYk; gj;jpupifapd;

gq;fspg;G.

khztu; 2

thndhyp - fy;tp epfo;r;rpfs; gpd; js;sg;gLtjw;fhd

fhuzq;fSk; Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;bajd; mtrpaKk;.

khztu; 3

njhiyf;fhl;rp - xspgug;ghFk; fy;tp epfo;r;rpfs;>

mtw;wpd; juk;> juj;ij Nkk;gLj;j Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;ba

eltbf;iffs;.

khztu; 4

,izak; - etPd njhopy; El;g tpQ;Qhd mwptpay;

rhu;e;j fy;tp tsu;r;rpapy; ,izaj;jpd; gq;fspg;G>

,izaj;jpD}lhf> fy;tpawpitr; rupahd Kiwapy;

tsu;g;gjw;fhd top Kiwfs;.

khztu; 5

Ntw;Wnkhop Clfq;fspy; fy;tpf;fhy Kf;fpaj;JtKk;

rpwg;Gk;> jkpo; Clfq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLk;>

eptu;j;jpf;fhd top tiffSk;.

FO III - (jiyg;G) ,izg;ghl tpjhd nraw;ghLfSk;

khztupd; MSik tpUj;jpAk;.

cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;cgjiyg;Gf;fs;

khztu; 1

,izg ; g hl t pjhd nraw ; g hLfs ;

ghlrhiyfSf;fpilNa NtWgLtjw;fhd mbg;gilf;

fhuzq;fs;.

khztu; 2

ghlrhiy kd;wq;fspd; nraw;ghLfSk; khztupd;

MSik tpUj;jpAk;.

khztu; 3

fiy epfo;r;rpfs;> tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfs;> guprspg;G

tpohf;fs; Nghd;w epfo;TfSk; MSik tpUj;jpAk;.


khztu; 4

fz;fhl;rpfs;> fs Ma;Tfs;> nrad;Kiwf; fw;wy;

eltbf;iffs; %yk; MSik tpUj;jp.

khztu; 5

khztupd; MSikia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapy;

,izg;ghl tpjhd nraw ;ghLfis cq;fs ;

ghlrhiyapy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd MNyhridfs;.

• Kd;dhaj;jk; nra;tjw;F ,U thuq;fs; nfhLj;jy;.

• xt;nthU FOtpdUk; jj;jkJ toq;fg;gl;l jiyg;Gj; njhlu;ghf

nghJthff; fye;JiuahlTk;. jdpj;jdpahf jkJ jiyg;Gf; Fwpj;J

Kd;dhaj;jk; nra;aTk; topg;gLj;jy;.

• xt;nthUtUk; jkf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l cg jiyg;Gf;Fj; Njitahd

jfty;fs;> juTfs;> fhl;rpg; glq;fs; vd;gtw;iw njhFj;J

fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Fwpg;Gf;fis tpupj;J tpsf;fpf; $Wtjw;Fk;>

vOJtjw;Fk; cjtp nra;jy;.

• (trjpapUg;gpd;) thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp> ,izak; vd;gtw;wpd; fy;tp

epfo;r;rpfis Nfl;gjd; / ghu;g;gjd; %yk; mtw;wpd; Fiw epiwfis

mwpa tha;g;gspj;jy;.

• ,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghLfSf;F Ntz;ba jfty;fs; / juTfis

ngWtjw;F mjpgu; / cupa nghWg;ghrpupau;fis fzpg;gPl;L Neuj;jpd;

NghJ mioj;J Neu; fhziy epfo;j;Jtjw;F cjTjy;.

• xt;nthU FOTk; jkf;F toq;fg;gl;l jiyg;G njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fis

njhFj;J rpW fl;Liuahf toq;Ftjw;F topg;gLj;jy;.

khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;

• xt;nthU FOtpdUk; jj;jk; jiyg;Gj; njhlu;ghf fye;JiuahLjy;.

• xt;nthUtUk; jj;jkJ toq;fg;gl;l jiyg;Gf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fs;>

juTfs;> fhl;rpg;glq;fs;> xyp / xspg;gjpT epfo;r;rpfs; vd;gtw;iw

Nrfupj;jy;.

• jpul;ba jfty;fis xOq;FgLj;jy;.

• fUj;Jg; gupkhwy; %yk; FOtpdu;> xUtu;f;nfhUtu; cjTjy;.

• Kd; itj;jy; (mspf;if) njhlu;ghf gapw;rp ngwy;.

• Fwpg;gpl;l jpdj;jpy; Kd;itj;jy;.

epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;

• jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jfty;fs;.

• jfty; xOq;fikg;Gk; njhFg;Gk;.

• Ngr;rhw;wy;

• FO xUikg;ghLk; Neu Kfhikj;JtKk;.


,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz

fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: E}YUthf;fk; nra;J ntspaply;E}YUthf;fk; nra;J ntspaply;E}YUthf;fk; nra;J ntspaply;E}YUthf;fk; nra;J ntspaply;E}YUthf;fk; nra;J ntspaply;

Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk; ::::: khztu; jhk; vOjpa Mf;fq;fis xOq;FgLj;jp>

njhFj;J E}YUtpy; ntspapLthu;.

ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs; ::::: khztu; vOjpa Mf;fq;fs;.

ftu;r;rpahd Kd; ml;ilAk; gpd; ml;ilAk;.

nghUj;jkhd fhl;rpg;glq;fs;.

vOJjhs;fs;.

vOJfUtpfs;.


• fzpg;gPl;Lj; jpfjpf;F xU khjj;jpw;F Kd;dNu

fzpg;g Pl ;Lf; fUtpapd; jd;ikia khztu;f;F

njupag;gLj;jy;.

• Mz;L 12 ,y; khztu;fs;> jhk; vOjpa Mf;fq;fis

jdpj;jdpahf E}YUthf;fk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

mwpaj;jUjy;.

• fl;Liufs;> ftpijfs;> ghly;fs; rpWfijfs; ehlfk;>

tpy;Yg;ghl;L> tpdh tpilf; nfhj;J Nghd;w gy;NtW

mk;rq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpajhf E}y; mikjy;

Ntz;Lk; vd;gij $Wjy;.

• E}ypd; mikg;G> cs;slf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij typAWj;jy;.

• E}ypd; mikg;gpy;> E}ypd; ngau;> ml;ilg;glk;>

vOj;Jf;fspd; msT> jiyg;Gf;fs;> ge;jpaikg;G>

FwpaPl;Lg; gpuNahfk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;

gw;wp vLj;Jf; $Wjy;.

• E}ypd; cs;slf;fj;jpy; Kd;Diu mzpe;Jiu vd;gd

,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd vLj;Jf; $Wjy;.

• khztu; jk; trjpf;Nfw;g> ifnaOj;J / jl;lr;R /fzpdpar;rpy; ntspaplyhk; vd;gijj; njupag;gLj;jy;.

• mr;rpy; gjpag;gl;ltw;iw ruit ghu;j;jy;> xOq;F

Kiwapy; fl;Ljy; gw;wp topg;gLj;jy;.

• Fwpg;gpl;l jpdj;jpy;> khztu;fs; kd;wf; $l;lj;jpy;

E}y; ntspaPl;L tpohit elhj;Jtjw;F cjtp nra;jy;.

khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;khztu; nraw;ghLfs;

• Mf;fq;fis Nru;j;J xOq;FgLj;jy;.

• Mrpupau; / cwtpdu; / ez;gu;fsplk; mzpe;Jiu ngWjy;.

• jkf;Fs; fye;Jiuahb E}Yf;Fupa ngaiuj; njupjy;.

• ml;ilg;glj;jpid tiue;J / fzpdpapy; ngWjy;.


• khztu; jk; trjpf;Nfw;g ifnaOj;J / jl;lr;R /fzdpar;rpy; gjpj;jy;.

• jkf;Fs;> khw;wp khw;wp gpujpfis ruit ghu;j;jy;.

• E}Yf;fhd mikg;gpid Ngzp xOq;FgLj;jp njhFj;J

fl;Ljy;.

• Mrpupaupd; xj;Jiog;Gld; Fwpg;gpl;l jpdj;jpy; E}y;

ntspaPl;L tpohtpid elhj;Jjy;.

epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs; • Mf;fj;jpwd; Kaw;rp

• E}ypd; mikg;G

• Mf;fq;fspd; juk;

• E}YUthf;f El;gq;fs;

• ntspaPl;Lj;jpwd;


%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz

fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;

Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk;Nehf;fk; ::::: Fwpj;j xU gpur;rpidia ,dq;fz;L mjidj;

jPu;g;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis Kd;ndLg;ghu;.

ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs; ::::: ghlE}y;fs;

nray;E}y;fs;

ml;ilfs;

vOJjhs;fs;

bikd; jhs;fs;

vOJfUtpfs;

tu;zik


• khztu;fisf; FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J FOf;fSf;Fj; jiyg;Gf;fis

toq;fy;.

FO I - thrpg;gjpy; ,lu;g;gLfpd;w Muk;g tFg;G khztu;fis

(juk; 1 - 5 ,y; VjhtJ xU tFg;G) ,dq;fz;L mtu;fspd;

,lu;ghLfis ePf;fr; nraw;wpl;lnkhd;iw Kd;ndLj;jy;.

FO II - vOJtjpy; ,lu;gLfpd;w Muk;gtFg;G khztu;fis

,dq ;fz ;L mtu ;fs pd ; ,lu ; ghLfis e Pf ;fr ;

nraw;wpl;lnkhd;iw Kd;ndLj;jy;.

• khztu;fs; FOf;fshfr; nraw;gl;L> fye;Jiuahb> Fwpj;j tFg;G

MrpupaUld; ciuahb ,lu;ghLs;s khztu;fis ,dq;fhZtjw;fhd

kjpg;gPl;Lg; gbtq;fisj; jahupf;f topg;gLj;jy;.

• FOtpYs;s xt;nthU khztUf;Fk; ,lu;ghLs;s xU khztu; vd;w

tifapy; xJf;fp jkf;nfhJf;fg;gl;l Nkw;gb khztu;fspd; ,lu;ghLfs;

vit? me;j ,lu;ghLfSf;fhd fhuzq;fs; vit? me;j ,lu;ghLfis

vt;thW ePf;fyhk; vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fhz topg;gLj;jy;.

• kjpg;gPl;Lg; gbtq;fis tFg;ghrpupauplk; fhl;b mDkjp ngw

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

• khztu;fs; FOf;fshff; fye;Jiuahb Nkw;gb khztu;fspd;

,lu;ghLfspy; xd;iw (mupr;Rtb vOj;Jf;fis thrpf;f / vOjg; gapw;wy;>

my;yJ vspa nrhw;fis thrpf;f / vOjg;gapw;wy; Nghd;w........)

ePf;Ftjw;fhf ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W thuq;fspy; nraw;gLj;jf; $bajhf

vspikahd nraw;wpl;lnkhd;iw jdpj;jdpahf tbtikf;f topg;gLj;jy;.


• khztu;fs; nraw;wpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd

nrhy;yl;ilfs;> nrayl;ilfs; Nghd;w.........) jahupf;f topg;gLj;jy;.

• khztu;fs; nraw;wpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;J jj;jkf;F xJf;fg;gl;l

khztu;fspd; ,lu;ghLfis ePf;f nraw;gl topg;gLj;jy;.

• khztu;fs; jhk; Kd;ndLj;j nraw;wpl;lk; njhlu;ghd vspikahd

mwpf;ifnahd;iw Kd;itf;f topg;gLj;jy;.

khztu; nraw;ghLfs; :khztu; nraw;ghLfs; :khztu; nraw;ghLfs; :khztu; nraw;ghLfs; :khztu; nraw;ghLfs; :

• FOf;fspy; fye;Jiuahb ,lu;ghLs;s khztu;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhd

kjpg;gPl;Lg;gbtq;fisj; jahupg;ghu;. ,lu;ghLs;s khztu;fis

,dq;fhz;ghu;.

• khztu;fs; jj;jkf;F xJf;fg;gl;l ,lu;ghLs;s khztu;fspd;

,lu;ghLfis ,dq;fz;L mt;tplu;ghLfis ePf;Ftjw;fhd topfisg;

gl;baw;gLj;Jtu;.

• FOf;fspy ; fye ;Jiuahb ,lu ;ghLfisf; fistjw ;fhd

nraw;wpl;lq;fisj; jpl;lkpLtu;.

• jkJ Mrpupau;> ,lu;ghLs;s khztupd; nkhopg; ghl Mrpupau;

MfpNahUld; fye;Jiuahb jk; jpl;lq;fis kPs tbtikg;gu;.

• FOf;fspy; fye;JiuahbAk; Mrpupau;fspd; MNyhridfisg; ngw;Wk;

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fis tbtikg;gu;.

• cupathW nraw;wpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLg;gu;.

• jkJ nraw;wpl;lj;jhy; Fwpj;j khztuJ ,lu;ghL ePq;fpAs;sjh? vd

Nrhjpj;jwptu;.

• jhk; Kd;ndLj;j nraw;wpl;lk; njhlu;ghd vspikahd mwpf;if xd;iwj;


Im)m )m )m )m ) kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.

1. ,ay;G Gzu;r;rp ,lk; ngw;w nrhw;nwhlu;

i fhyb ii fhw;rpyk;G iii fz;zpik iv fhyhl;gil

2. Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rp ,lk;ngw;w njhlu;

i ghlk; gbj;jhd; ii Ntfkhf ele;jhd;iii eP ahu;? iv cyfk; Roy;fpwJ

3. nfLjy; tpfhuk; kl;Lk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s njhlu;

i fUNkfk; ii fupaahid iii fUq;$e;jy; iv fupf;fl;b

4. rhupia ngw;Wg; Gzu;e;jJ

i khq;fha; ii Njq;fha;

iii Gspaq;fha; iv tpshq;fha;

5. clk;gLnka; Njhd;w Gzu;e;j nrhw;nwhlu;

i ifg;gpb ii ifapUg;G

iii ife;E}y; iv ifj;jb

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) Njitaw;w ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.

1. Rl;lg;gok; Ntz;Lkh? vdr; rpWtd; Nfl;lhd;.

2. CWf;fha; Nrhw;Wf;Fr; RitjUk;.

3. ,uTg;gfy; cz;lhtjw;F Gtpr;Rw;Wif fhuzkhFk;.

4. gbg;ghd; vd;gJ vjpu;fhyk; fhl;Lk; tpidr; nrhy;.

5. rq;ffhyg; Gytu;fs; ctikfis kpfr; rpwg;ghff; ifahz;ldu;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) gpd;tUk; ghlybfisg; nghUl;rpijtpd;wpg; gpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfisg; nghUl;rpijtpd;wpg; gpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfisg; nghUl;rpijtpd;wpg; gpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfisg; nghUl;rpijtpd;wpg; gpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfisg; nghUl;rpijtpd;wpg; gpupj;J vOJf.

1. ghupdpnyOe;j igq;$o; girawf; fUfp

2. mg;gpwg;gwpe;jpiy ahapDk; Mtapw;W

3. NjdthTW tz;bd kykur; rpijj;jhs;.

4. ghaWwe;j gilj; jlq;fz; nkd;Nwhs;.

5. Mw;wa nyOe;j ntz; Nfhl;l jtj; njO FspW kpjpj;j nthUgok;.

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) jug;gl;Ls;s ge;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpiljug;gl;Ls;s ge;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpiljug;gl;Ls;s ge;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpiljug;gl;Ls;s ge;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpiljug;gl;Ls;s ge;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil

vOJf.vOJf.vOJf.vOJf.vOJf.

Crp ky;ypifg; G+tpd; thrpapy; neUg;Gf; Fr;rpapd; Edpapy;

jPapd; ehf;Fgujk; gapy;fpd;wJ. Mly; mzq;if Mypq;fdpf;fj;

Jbf;Fk; fhjy; ehafNd Nghy ntbapd; Kifapw;jpup. kfspd;

rq;Ff; fOj;jpy; mts; kdq; ftu;e;j Mzofd; jhyp fl;Ltjhd

tJitf; fhl;rp fuPkpd; kdj; jpiuapy; epoyhLfpd;wJ jPAk;

jpupAk; Gy;Yfpd;wd.

,yf;fzg; gapw;rp,yf;fzg; gapw;rp,yf;fzg; gapw;rp,yf;fzg; gapw;rp,yf;fzg; gapw;rp

gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G I


1. ,ay;G Gzu;r;rpf;F ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; jUf.

2. ty;ypdk; kpFe;J Gzu;e;jikf;F ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; jUf.

3. afu clk;gLnka; Njhd;wpg; Gzu;e;jikf;F ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs;

jUf.

4. jpupjy; tpfhug; Gzu;r;rpf;F Xu; cjhuzk; jUf.

5. nfLjYk; Njhd;WjYk; ,lk; ngw;Wg; Gzu;e;jikf;fhd Xu; cjhuzk;

jUf.

(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) ,U NtW nghUs; glg; gpupj;J vOJf.,U NtW nghUs; glg; gpupj;J vOJf.,U NtW nghUs; glg; gpupj;J vOJf.,U NtW nghUs; glg; gpupj;J vOJf.,U NtW nghUs; glg; gpupj;J vOJf.

1. mwptpy;yhjtd; 2. murdy;yd;

3. mj;jpf;fha; 4. cs;skpsfha;

5. jiytpjptrk;

II(m)(m)(m)(m)(m) gpd;tUk; njhif epiyj;njhlu ; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,lk; ngWk;gpd;tUk; njhif epiyj;njhlu ; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,lk; ngWk;gpd;tUk; njhif epiyj;njhlu ; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,lk; ngWk;gpd;tUk; njhif epiyj;njhlu ; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,lk; ngWk;gpd;tUk; njhif epiyj;njhlu ; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,lk; ngWk;

njhifapid ,dq;fz;L vOJf.njhifapid ,dq;fz;L vOJf.njhifapid ,dq;fz;L vOJf.njhifapid ,dq;fz;L vOJf.njhifapid ,dq;fz;L vOJf.

nrhy;nghUs; kyu;g; ghjk;

ehdpyk; gpbahid

,yf;fz tpsf;fk; ntz;NrhW

,d;nrhy; Ngrpdhs; Ky;iyr; rpupg;G

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) g+id vd;w ngau;r ;nrhy;iy jiyikr; nrhy;yhff; nfhz;Lg+id vd;w ngau;r ;nrhy;iy jiyikr; nrhy;yhff; nfhz;Lg+id vd;w ngau;r ;nrhy;iy jiyikr; nrhy;yhff; nfhz;Lg+id vd;w ngau;r ;nrhy;iy jiyikr; nrhy;yhff; nfhz;Lg+id vd;w ngau;r ;nrhy;iy jiyikr; nrhy;yhff; nfhz;L

ngau;j;njhlu; Ie;J Mf;Ff.ngau;j;njhlu; Ie;J Mf;Ff.ngau;j;njhlu; Ie;J Mf;Ff.ngau;j;njhlu; Ie;J Mf;Ff.ngau;j;njhlu; Ie;J Mf;Ff.

• tpOe;jhd; vd;Dk; nrhy;iy jiyikr; nrhy;yhff; nfhz;L

tpidj;njhlu; Ie;J jUf.

• ePu; tpUk;gpa VNjDk; xU ngauilia jiyikr; nrhy;yhff; nfhz;L

ngauilj;njhlu; Ie;J Mf;Ff.

• ePu; tpUk;gpa VNjDk; xU tpidailia jiyikr; nrhy;yhff;nfhz;L

tpidailj;njhlu; Ie;J jUf.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) gpd;tUk; njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;L vOJf.gpd;tUk; njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;L vOJf.gpd;tUk; njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;L vOJf.gpd;tUk; njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;L vOJf.gpd;tUk; njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;L vOJf.

kfNd th

Xbdhd; khztd;

ghb te;Njd;

thba gapu;

thzp Mbdhs;

eLq;fp eLq;fp

,iuiaj; NjbaJ.

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) gpd;tUk; ghly; tupfspYs;s njhifepiyj;njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;Lgpd;tUk; ghly; tupfspYs;s njhifepiyj;njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;Lgpd;tUk; ghly; tupfspYs;s njhifepiyj;njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;Lgpd;tUk; ghly; tupfspYs;s njhifepiyj;njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;Lgpd;tUk; ghly; tupfspYs;s njhifepiyj;njhlu;fis ,dq;fz;L

$Wf.$Wf.$Wf.$Wf.$Wf.

.............ntz;NfhL nrk;kWf;nfhsP, tplu;Kiff;

Nfhil nahw;wpa fUq;fhy; Ntq;if

thLG+Q; rpidapw; fplf;Fk;

cau;tiu ehlndhL ngaUkhNw


III

(m)(m)(m)(m)(m) gpd;tUk; jdpthf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J $l;L thf;fpakhf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdpthf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J $l;L thf;fpakhf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdpthf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J $l;L thf;fpakhf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdpthf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J $l;L thf;fpakhf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdpthf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J $l;L thf;fpakhf;Ff.

1. (m) ,yq;ifapd; kiyg;gFjpfspy; Njapiy nropj;J tsUk;.

(M) kiyr; rha;Tfspy; ,wg;gu; nropj;J tsUk;.

2. (m) kd;du;fs; Fsq;fisf; fl;bdhu;fs;.

(M) kd;du;fs; tptrha tpUj;jpf;F MjuT toq;fpdhu;fs;.

3. tpUe;jpdu;fs; te;jdu;@ Mw;wpy; ePuhlr; nrd;wdu;@ ePuhba gpd;du; cilfis

khw;wpdu;@ tPL jpUk;gpdu;@ czT cz;L kfpo;e;jdu;.

4. Mrpupau; topfhl;bdhu;. khztu;fs; FOthf ,aq;fpdu;. nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;ldu;.

5. xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; ePiuf; nfhjpf;f itf;fTk;@ ntl;ba fha;fwpfis mjpy;

NghlTk;@ fha;fwpfs; nte;j gpd;du; cg;igAk; kpsF J}isAk; mjDs;

Nghl;L ed;whff; fyf;fTk;@ kuf;fwp #g; jahu;.

(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fis jdpthf;fpak;> $l;L thf;fpak;> fyg;Ggpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fis jdpthf;fpak;> $l;L thf;fpak;> fyg;Ggpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fis jdpthf;fpak;> $l;L thf;fpak;> fyg;Ggpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fis jdpthf;fpak;> $l;L thf;fpak;> fyg;Ggpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fis jdpthf;fpak;> $l;L thf;fpak;> fyg;G

thf;fpak; vd tifg;gLj;Jf.thf;fpak; vd tifg;gLj;Jf.thf;fpak; vd tifg;gLj;Jf.thf;fpak; vd tifg;gLj;Jf.thf;fpak; vd tifg;gLj;Jf.

1. Nehahsp kUj;Jtuplk; nrd;W itj;jpa gupNrhjid nra;J nfhz;lhd;.

2. ,yq;if ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpy; cs;sJ.

3. kdpjdpd; jtwhd eltbf;iffspdhy; #oy; khrilfpwJ.

4. Gtp #upaidr; Rw;w re;jpud; G+kpiar; Rw;WfpwJ.

5. Gtpapd; ntg;g epiy mjpfupj;JtUtjhf tpQ;Qhdpfs; $Wfpd;wdu;.

6. rKj;jpu ePu; kl;lk; cau;tilfpwJ.

7. tptrhapfs; Efu;Tf;fhf kl;Lkd;wp tpahghuj;Jf;fhfTk; nghUl;fis

cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wdu;.

8. murhq;fk; tptrhapfsplkpUe;J ney;iyf; nfhs;tdT nra;fpwJ.

9. ngz;fs; mgptpUj;jpf;fhfTk; rpWtu; eyDf;fhfTk; r%f ey mikg;Gfs;

ghLgLfpd;wd.

10. ngha;r; rhl;rp $wpa egiu ePjpgjp vr;rupj;jhu;.


(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) gpd;tUk; fyg;G thf;fpaq;fspd; jiyik thf;fpaj; njhliuAk;gpd;tUk; fyg;G thf;fpaq;fspd; jiyik thf;fpaj; njhliuAk;gpd;tUk; fyg;G thf;fpaq;fspd; jiyik thf;fpaj; njhliuAk;gpd;tUk; fyg;G thf;fpaq;fspd; jiyik thf;fpaj; njhliuAk;gpd;tUk; fyg;G thf;fpaq;fspd; jiyik thf;fpaj; njhliuAk;

rhu;Gepiyj; njhliuAk; ,dq;fhz;f.rhu;Gepiyj; njhliuAk; ,dq;fhz;f.rhu;Gepiyj; njhliuAk; ,dq;fhz;f.rhu;Gepiyj; njhliuAk; ,dq;fhz;f.rhu;Gepiyj; njhliuAk; ,dq;fhz;f.

1. tptrha cj;jpNahfj;jupd; topfhl;liyg; ngw;wjhy; rpwe;j mWtiliag;

ngw Kbe;jnjd tptrhapfs; kfpo;r;rpaile;jdu;.

2. je;ijapd; mwpTiufisg; Gwf;fzpj;jikNa jdJ tPo;r;rpf;Ff; fhuznkd

r`hdh kdk; tUe;jpdhs;.

3. gUt kio nga;jjpdhy; tptrhapfspd; Kaw;rpfs; midj;Jk; tPzhfpg;

Nghapd.

4. ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fs; Vw;gLk; NghJ kf;fs; gy;NtW Jd;gq;fisAk;

mDgtpf;fpd;wdu;.

5. rpWkpapd; ,dpikahd ghliyf; Nfl;L midtUk; kfpo;r;rp mile;jdu;.

jdpthf;fpak;> $l;Lthf;fpak;> fyg;G thf;fpak; vd;gtw;wpd; gz;Gfisf;

fhl;Lk; tifapyhd ml;ltiz xd;iwj; jahupf;Ff.

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) gpd;tUk; jdp thf;fpaq;fis xU thf;fpak; Mf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdp thf;fpaq;fis xU thf;fpak; Mf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdp thf;fpaq;fis xU thf;fpak; Mf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdp thf;fpaq;fis xU thf;fpak; Mf;Ff.gpd;tUk; jdp thf;fpaq;fis xU thf;fpak; Mf;Ff.

1. fhiyapy; ,Us; ePq;fpaJ.

ehd; vOe;J Rw;WKw;Wk; ghu;j;Njd;.

J}uj;jpNy ryry vd rpw;whW xd;W XLtijf; fz;Nld;.

2. me;j tPl;by; ghl;b xUtu; ,Ue;jhu;.

mtu; xU fijf;fsQ;rpak;.

3. Gy; ntspapy; ,skhd; xd;W epd;wJ.

mJ Gy; fwpj;Jf; nfhz;L epd;wJ.


IV(m)(m)(m)(m)(m) kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpilapidj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpilapidj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpilapidj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpilapidj; njupT nra;f.kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpilapidj; njupT nra;f.

01. mUzd; jdJ ez;gu;fSila Fiwfis Kfj;Jf;F NeNu $wptpLtJ

mtdJ ez;gu;fSf;Fg; gpbg;gjpy;iy. mUzdJ nra;iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

gonkhop gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

(1) mbNky; mbabj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;.

(2) CUf;F cgNjrk; cdf;fy;yb kfNs.

(3) ajhu;j;jthjp ntFrd tpNuhjp.

(4) cz;ik nrhy;ypf; nfl;lhupy;iy.

(5) cilatd; ghuh Ntiy xU Kok; fl;il.

02. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ‘fkupy; Cw;wpa ghy; Nghy’ vd;w ctikj;njhlupd;

nghUSf;Fr; rw;Wk; nghUe;jhj gpwpnjhU ctikj;njhlu; vJ?

(1) flypw; fiuj;j fhak; Nghy (2) mWfapw;W Cry; Nghy

(3) Mw;wpw; fiuj;j Gsp Nghy (4) flypw; nga;j kio Nghy

(5) fhl;by; vwpj;j epyhg; Nghy

03. cUj;jpuhl;rg; G+id Nghy vd;w ctikj;njhlupd; nghUSf;F neUf;fkhd

kw;nwhU ctikj;njhlu; vJ?

(1) kjpy; Nkw; G+id Nghy (2) Mg;gpOj;j Nghy

(3) vLg;ghu; ifg;gps;is Nghy (4) gRj;Njhy; Nghu;j;jpa Gyp Nghy

(5) fpzw;Wj; jtis Nghy

04. “fd;dq;fupa ,Ul;by; ntl;lntspg; ghijapd; Xukhf nky;ynky;y ele;J

te;j FLFL fpotpia fz;kz; njupahky; te;j thfdk; NkhjpaJ.” ,jpy;te;Js;s ,iznkhop vJ?

(1) fd;dq;fupa (2) ntl;lntsp

(3) nky;ynky;y (4) FLFL (5) fz;kz;

08. ‘vq;Fk; gutpf; fhzg;gLjy;’ vd;gjid tpsf;fg; nghUj;jkhd njhlu;fs;

vit?

(m)thDwNthq;fp (M)Mz;b Kjy; murd; tiu

(,) Fkup Kjy; ,kak; tiu (<) mz;l ruhruk; midj;Jk;

(1) m> M (2) m> , (3) M> , (4) ,> < (5) m> <


(M)(M)(M)(M)(M) nghUj;jkhd ,iznkhopj;njhliuf; nfhz;L ,ilntspais epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd ,iznkhopj;njhliuf; nfhz;L ,ilntspais epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd ,iznkhopj;njhliuf; nfhz;L ,ilntspais epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd ,iznkhopj;njhliuf; nfhz;L ,ilntspais epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd ,iznkhopj;njhliuf; nfhz;L ,ilntspais epug;Gf.

Ma;e;Njha;e;J <Lk;vLg;Gk; xg;Gk; cau;Tk;

fy;tp Nfs;tp nespTRopT fz;Zq;fUj;Jkhf

Fzq;Fw;wk; eaj;jhYk; gaj;jhYk; my;Yk;gfYk;

ngw;Nwhu; jk; gps;isfis (1) ..................................................

ey ;to p g ; gLj ; jy ; Ntz ;Lk ; . mtu ; fs ; vg ; N g hJk ; ( 2 )

............................................................. ghu;j;Nj el;Gf;nfhs;sg; gof;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

vdTk; (3) ............................................................. kpf;f ngupNahuJ el;ig

,oe;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;gjidAk; mwpTWj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;

nghJr;nrhj;Jf;fis (4) .................................................................. ghJfhj;jy;

Kjyhd ed;kdg;ghq;FfisAk; tsu;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,itnay;yhtw;Wf;Fk;

Nkyhf (5) ..................................................... ,y;yhj ,iwtd; ghjq;fisj;

jpdKk; topgLtNj khdplg;gpwtpapd; gad; vd;gijAk; czur;nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

(,)(,)(,)(,)(,) gpd;tUk; ciug;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; xt;nthd;Wk;gpd;tUk; ciug;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; xt;nthd;Wk;gpd;tUk; ciug;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; xt;nthd;Wk;gpd;tUk; ciug;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; xt;nthd;Wk;gpd;tUk; ciug;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; xt;nthd;Wk;

vt;tifapd vdf;Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; nghUisAk; jUf.vt;tifapd vdf;Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; nghUisAk; jUf.vt;tifapd vdf;Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; nghUisAk; jUf.vt;tifapd vdf;Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; nghUisAk; jUf.vt;tifapd vdf;Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; nghUisAk; jUf.

mq;F tUif jutpUe;j jkpowpQuJ ciuiaf; Nfl;gjw;nfd kf;fisf;

fzf;fpLtJ (1) flw;fiu kziyf; fzf;fpLjy; Nghd;wJ.(1) flw;fiu kziyf; fzf;fpLjy; Nghd;wJ.(1) flw;fiu kziyf; fzf;fpLjy; Nghd;wJ.(1) flw;fiu kziyf; fzf;fpLjy; Nghd;wJ.(1) flw;fiu kziyf; fzf;fpLjy; Nghd;wJ. kz;lgj;jpy;

,lk; gpbf;f kf;fs; $l;lk; (2) Myha;g;gwe;jJ.(2) Myha;g;gwe;jJ.(2) Myha;g;gwe;jJ.(2) Myha;g;gwe;jJ.(2) Myha;g;gwe;jJ. mtu; fy;tp vd;w jiyg;gpy;

(3) fw;NwhUk; kw;NwhUk; (3) fw;NwhUk; kw;NwhUk; (3) fw;NwhUk; kw;NwhUk; (3) fw;NwhUk; kw;NwhUk; (3) fw;NwhUk; kw;NwhUk; Nfl;L ,d;GWk;; tz;zk; ciuahw;wpdhu;.

mtuJ ciu (4) njs;sj;njspe;j (4) njs;sj;njspe;j (4) njs;sj;njspe;j (4) njs;sj;njspe;j (4) njs;sj;njspe;j ePNuhil Nghy ,Ue;jJ. kf;fs;

vy;NyhUk; mtuJ Ngr;ir (5) tpbatpba(5) tpbatpba(5) tpbatpba(5) tpbatpba(5) tpbatpba Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

(<)(<)(<)(<)(<) gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fis itj;Jg; nghUs; tpsq;FkhW thf;fpak;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fis itj;Jg; nghUs; tpsq;FkhW thf;fpak;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fis itj;Jg; nghUs; tpsq;FkhW thf;fpak;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fis itj;Jg; nghUs; tpsq;FkhW thf;fpak;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fis itj;Jg; nghUs; tpsq;FkhW thf;fpak;

vOJf.vOJf.vOJf.vOJf.vOJf.

(1) fujy ghlk; - (2) Ve;jpnaLj;J -

(3) jsjs - (4) ghsk;ghsk; -

(5) <e;Jtf;Fk; ,d;gk; -

(c)(c)(c)(c)(c) gpd ;tUk; ctikj;njhlu ;fspd ; nghUisj; jUk; gonkhopfs;g pd ;tUk; ctikj;njhlu ;fspd ; nghUisj; jUk; gonkhopfs;g pd ;tUk; ctikj;njhlu ;fspd ; nghUisj; jUk; gonkhopfs;g pd ;tUk; ctikj;njhlu ;fspd ; nghUisj; jUk; gonkhopfs;g pd ;tUk; ctikj;njhlu ;fspd ; nghUisj; jUk; gonkhopfs;

xt;nthd;wpid vOJf.xt;nthd;wpid vOJf.xt;nthd;wpid vOJf.xt;nthd;wpid vOJf.xt;nthd;wpid vOJf.

(1) fpzw;Wj; jtis Nghy -

(2) Vl;Lr; Riuf;fha; Nghy -

(3) cUs; ngUe;NjUf;F mr;rhzp Nghy -

(4) vl;b gOj;jhw; Nghy -

(5) fy;Nky; vOj;Jg; Nghy -

(C)(C)(C)(C)(C) gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ~khiyf;fhl;rp| vd;Dk;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ~khiyf;fhl;rp| vd;Dk;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ~khiyf;fhl;rp| vd;Dk;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ~khiyf;fhl;rp| vd;Dk;gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ~khiyf;fhl;rp| vd;Dk;

nghUspy; fUj;Jj; njhlu;gs;s xU ge;jp vOJf.nghUspy; fUj;Jj; njhlu;gs;s xU ge;jp vOJf.nghUspy; fUj;Jj; njhlu;gs;s xU ge;jp vOJf.nghUspy; fUj;Jj; njhlu;gs;s xU ge;jp vOJf.nghUspy; fUj;Jj; njhlu;gs;s xU ge;jp vOJf.

nrf;fr; nrNtnyd> Xbahb> fhyhWjy;> nkhWnkhW> nky;ynky;y> Crptopg;

gpd;njhlUk; E}y; Nghy> mz;l ruhruk;.


I FWtpil jUf.FWtpil jUf.FWtpil jUf.FWtpil jUf.FWtpil jUf.

1. gbf;fhRg; Gytupd; Cu;g; ngau; vd;d?

2. khkJiuapy; ,Uf;Fk; ,iwtd; ngau; ahJ?

3. ~fhj;jhd; rj;jpuk;| vq;Nf ,Ue;jJ?

4. muprp tUk; Neuk; vJ?

5. jpUkiyuhad; tiuapd; rpwg;G ahJ?

6. ,f;fypq;fk;> Vfypq;fk;> nrhf;fypq;fk; - nghUs;jUf.

7. ,f;fypq;fk;> Vfypq;fk; gpupj;njOjpg; nghUs; tpsf;Ff.

8. “jg;gpdhy; ek;ikaJ jg;ghNjh” vd;gjpy; ‘jg;Gjy;’ vd;gJ jUk;

,UnghUs;fSk; vit?

9. ‘jpUkiyuhad; tiu’ ,q;F ,lk;ngWk; njhif vJ?

10. “mg;gpNy Njha;j;jpl;L ...” vd;w ghlypy; tUk; vJiffs; vit?

11. “XLk; ,Uf;Fk; mjd; cs;tha; ntSj;jpUf;Fk; ehLq; Fiyjdf;F

ehzhJ” ,q;F ,lk;ngWk; rpNyilia tpsf;Ff.

12. “gbf;fhrhDiuj;j jkpo; tiue;j Vl;ilg; gl;lhNy R+o;e;jhYk; %TyFk;

gupkspf;Fk;” ,q;F ,lk;ngWk; mzpiaf; Fwpg;gpl;L tpsf;Ff.

13. “fj;Jfly; R+o;ehif ...” vd;w ghlypy; tUk; Vohk; Ntw;WikNaw;w

nrhw;fs; %d;Wk; vit?

14. “cd;id mwpe; Njhjkpio XjpNdd;?” ,q;F tpdhg;nghUs; jUk; nrhy;vJ? mjpy; ,lk;ngWk; tpdhntOj;J vJ?

15. “fj;Jfly; R+o;ehif ...” vd;w ghlypy; ,lk;ngWk; tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rpia

(epe;jh];Jjp) tpsf;Ff.

16. “kl;lhUe; njd;fse;ij” vd;w ghlypy; tUk; nrhw;gpd;tUepiyfs; vit?

II gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;Fupa rupahd tpilapd; fPo; NfhbLf.gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;Fupa rupahd tpilapd; fPo; NfhbLf.gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;Fupa rupahd tpilapd; fPo; NfhbLf.gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;Fupa rupahd tpilapd; fPo; NfhbLf.gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;Fupa rupahd tpilapd; fPo; NfhbLf.

1. fypq;fk; vd;gjd; xj;j fUj;Js;s nrhy;.

1. Mguzk; 2. ruPuk; 3. Mil 4. ehL

2. mj;jkdk; vd;gjd; vjpu;g;nghUs; jUk; nghUs;.

1. Mjp 2. me;jk; 3. cjak; 4. Muk;gk;

3. ,U NtW nghUs; juf; $ba nrhy;.

1. gupkspf;Fk; 2. khkJiu 3. %TyF 4. mfg;ig

4. ~kd;dtDk; ePNah| - ,jpy; te;Js;s ~ck;| ,ilr;nrhy; Fwpf;Fk; nghUs;

1. cau;T rpwg;G 2. ,opT rpwg;G

2. Kw;Wk;ik 4. vz;Zk;ik

5. ~tsehL| vd;gij tpupj;J vOjpdhy;

1. tsKk; ehLk; 2. tsj;Jf;Fupa ehL

3. tsj;ijAila ehL 4. tsnkDk; ehL

,yf;fpaj;jpD}lhd nkhopg; gapw;rp,yf;fpaj;jpD}lhd nkhopg; gapw;rp,yf;fpaj;jpD}lhd nkhopg; gapw;rp,yf;fpaj;jpD}lhd nkhopg; gapw;rp,yf;fpaj;jpD}lhd nkhopg; gapw;rp

gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G II

jdpg;ghly; jpul;L


6. JiztpidAldhd njhlu;

1. XLk; ,Uf;Fk; 2. ntSj;jpUf;Fk;

3. gupkspf;Fk; 4. Nghdhnyd;

7. tpspg;nghUs; jUk; Vfhuk; ,lk; ngw;w nrhy;.

1. NrbNa 2. gl;lhNy 3. mg;gpNy 4. espde;jhNd

III nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis ,l;L fPwpl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis ,l;L fPwpl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis ,l;L fPwpl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis ,l;L fPwpl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis ,l;L fPwpl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.

1. kl;lhUe; ....................................... gbf;fhrd;.

2. Vfypq;f ............................................... nrhf;fypq;fk;.

3. ............. fly; #o; ..................................... fhj;jhd;.

4. ................................ jpUkiyuhad; ....................................

5. Vl;ilj; njhl;lhYk; ......................................... nrhd;dhYk; .....................................

6. rj;jpuj;jpy; ............................... Nghjpy; ....................... tUk; Fj;jp ..................

,l ................ mlq;Fk; md;dk; ............................ ,l ............................

vOk;.

7. cd;id ......................... jkpio ..........................

8. .................... Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj nfhk;G .........................................

IV gpd;tUk; ghlybfspd; vOtha;> gadpiy> nrag;gLnghUisj; jUf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfspd; vOtha;> gadpiy> nrag;gLnghUisj; jUf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfspd; vOtha;> gadpiy> nrag;gLnghUisj; jUf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfspd; vOtha;> gadpiy> nrag;gLnghUisj; jUf.gpd;tUk; ghlybfspd; vOtha;> gadpiy> nrag;gLnghUisj; jUf.

1. ~~cd;id mwpe;Njh jkpio XjpNdd;||

2. vd;id tpiue;Njw;Wf; nfhs;shj Nte;J cz;Nlh?

3. .......... cz;Nlh / Fuq;Nfw;Wf;nfhs;shj nfhk;G

4. ........... mfg;ig / ,iyapy; ,l nts;sp vOk;.

5. ......... ehkjidj; jg;gpdhy; ek;ikaJ jg;ghNjh?

6. Njq;fhAk; ehAk; vdr; nrg;G


V gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xj;j nghUs; jUk; NtW ,U nrhw;fs; jUf.gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xj;j nghUs; jUk; NtW ,U nrhw;fs; jUf.gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xj;j nghUs; jUk; NtW ,U nrhw;fs; jUf.gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xj;j nghUs; jUk; NtW ,U nrhw;fs; jUf.gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xj;j nghUs; jUk; NtW ,U nrhw;fs; jUf.

kl;L

cyF

VL

mg;G

nrhy;

fly;

nts;sp

kd;dtd;

Fuq;F

tiu

VI gpd;tUk; nra;Asbfisr; re;jpgpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; nra;Asbfisr; re;jpgpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; nra;Asbfisr; re;jpgpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; nra;Asbfisr; re;jpgpupj;J vOJf.gpd;tUk; nra;Asbfisr; re;jpgpupj;J vOJf.

(1) gupe;jt; Ntl;ilj; njhl;lhYq; ifk;kzf;Fk;.

(2) mLj;jLj;J ehkjidj; jg;gpdhy; ek;ikaJ jg;ghNjh

(3) tpiue;Njw;Wf; nfhs;shj Nte;Jz;Nlh

(4) XLkpUf;Fk; mjDs;tha; ntSj;jpUf;Fk;

(5) Xufg;ig md;dk; ,iyapypl nts;spnaOk;

njhlu;GgLj;Jfnjhlu;GgLj;Jfnjhlu;GgLj;Jfnjhlu;GgLj;Jfnjhlu;GgLj;Jf

(1) kl;lhUe; njd;fse;ij ... (m) tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rp

(2) mg;gpNy Nja;j;jpl;L ... (M) tirf;ftp

(3) fj;J fly; R+o; ehif ... (,) rpNyil

(4) kd;dtDk; ePNah ... ( < ) ...............................

(5) XLk; ,Uf;Fk; mjd; ... (c) ..............

VII gpd;tUk; xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; ngauhfTk; tpidahfTk; tuj;jf;fgpd;tUk; xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; ngauhfTk; tpidahfTk; tuj;jf;fgpd;tUk; xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; ngauhfTk; tpidahfTk; tuj;jf;fgpd;tUk; xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; ngauhfTk; tpidahfTk; tuj;jf;fgpd;tUk; xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; ngauhfTk; tpidahfTk; tuj;jf;f

tifapy; thf;fpak; mikf;Ff.tifapy; thf;fpak; mikf;Ff.tifapy; thf;fpak; mikf;Ff.tifapy; thf;fpak; mikf;Ff.tifapy; thf;fpak; mikf;Ff.

ciu

ciy

tiu

Fiy

ehL

nrhy;

nrg;G

XL


VII ml;ltiziag; G+uzg;gLj;Jf.ml;ltiziag; G+uzg;gLj;Jf.ml;ltiziag; G+uzg;gLj;Jf.ml;ltiziag; G+uzg;gLj;Jf.ml;ltiziag; G+uzg;gLj;Jf.

IX ,yf;fzk; mwpe;J ,izf;Ff.,yf;fzk; mwpe;J ,izf;Ff.,yf;fzk; mwpe;J ,izf;Ff.,yf;fzk; mwpe;J ,izf;Ff.,yf;fzk; mwpe;J ,izf;Ff.

X gpd;tUk; njhlu;fs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; jug;gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jSf;Fgpd;tUk; njhlu;fs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; jug;gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jSf;Fgpd;tUk; njhlu;fs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; jug;gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jSf;Fgpd;tUk; njhlu;fs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; jug;gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jSf;Fgpd;tUk; njhlu;fs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; jug;gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jSf;F

mika tpil vOJf.mika tpil vOJf.mika tpil vOJf.mika tpil vOJf.mika tpil vOJf.

1. ciuj;j jkpo; - tpidj; njhif Mf;Ff.

2. fj;J fly; - epfo; fhy nganur;rj; njhlu; ,lk;ngw vOJf.

3. Cu; mlq;Fk; - tpupj;J vOJf.

4. jpUkiyuhad; tiu - Ntw;Wik cUG Nru;j;J vOJf.

5. jkpo;g; gapu; tpisAk; - ctikazp ,lk; ngw vOJf.

6. gbf;fhrDiuj;j - nrag;ghl;L tpid tbtkhf;Ff.

7. nts;sp vOk; - tpidj;njhif Mf;Ff.

gpupj;J vOJf gpupg;G tpjp $Wf

%TyF

njd;fse;ij

ifk;kzf;Fk;

jkpo;g; gapu;

ehkjid

,g;Gtpapy;

,f;fypq;fk;

tsehL

tpiue;Njw;W

ehLq;Fiy

mg;gpNy

mmmmm MMMMM

1. jkpo;g; gapu; mLf;Fj; njhlu;

2. Ja;a Nrw;wpy; gz;Gj; njhif

3. mLj;jLj;J MFngau;

4. khkJiu ,yf;fzg; Nghyp

5. cs;tha; ,U nganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj; njhif

6. jpUkiyuhad; tiu tpidj;njhif

7. fj;Jfly; Xfhu tpdh

8. jg;ghNjh ngauil ngw;w nrhy;

9. tsehL tpidail ngw;w nrhy;

10. Nghdhnyd; cUtfk;

11. Cu; mlq;Fk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif

12. tpiue;Njw;W <W Fiwe;j tpdhr; nrhy;

13. gbf;fhRg; Gytd; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld;

njhf;f njhif


XI tpsf;fkhd tpil jUf.tpsf;fkhd tpil jUf.tpsf;fkhd tpil jUf.tpsf;fkhd tpil jUf.tpsf;fkhd tpil jUf.

1. gbf;fhRg; Gytupd; ghlw; rpwg;ig vLj;Jf; fhl;Ltjw;Fg; Gytu; ifahz;l

top Kiw ahJ?

2. ~~mg;gpNy..........|| vd;w ghly; %yk; Gytu;fs; ntspg;gLj;Jk; kd

czu;Tfis cjhuzq;fs; fhl;b tpsf;Ff.

3. rj;jpuj;jpNy Gytu; ngw;w mDgtq;fspd; topahf mtUf;F Vw;gl;l kd

czu;Tfis ,g;ghly; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

4. Fuq;F Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj nfhk;G cz;Nlh - ,g;ghlybfs; %yk; Gytu;

czu;j;Jk; nghUs; ahJ?

5. Njq;fha; - eha; Nghd;wJ vd;gij jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizapy; fhl;Lf.

XII fPwpl;l nrhw;fspy; cs;s ~ck;| vDk; ,ilr;nrhy; czu;j;Jk;fPwpl;l nrhw;fspy; cs;s ~ck;| vDk; ,ilr;nrhy; czu;j;Jk;fPwpl;l nrhw;fspy; cs;s ~ck;| vDk; ,ilr;nrhy; czu;j;Jk;fPwpl;l nrhw;fspy; cs;s ~ck;| vDk; ,ilr;nrhy; czu;j;Jk;fPwpl;l nrhw;fspy; cs;s ~ck;| vDk; ,ilr;nrhy; czu;j;Jk;

nghUspid vOJf.nghUspid vOJf.nghUspid vOJf.nghUspid vOJf.nghUspid vOJf.

• gl;lhNy #o;e;jhYk; %TyFk; gupkspf;Fk;.

• njhl;lhYk; ifk;kzf;Fk;.

• tsehLk; cd;dNjh?

• Njq;fhAk; ehAk; vdr; nrg;G.

XIIi fPwpl;l nrhw;fSf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wf.fPwpl;l nrhw;fSf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wf.fPwpl;l nrhw;fSf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wf.fPwpl;l nrhw;fSf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wf.fPwpl;l nrhw;fSf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wf.

• ciuj;j jkpo;

• tiue;j Vl;il

• gupe;J mt; Ntl;ilj; njhl;lhYk; ...........

• mg;gpNy Njha;j;jpl;L ...................

• Ja;a Nrw;wpy; ..................

• Njq;fhAk; ehAk; vdr; nrg;G

nghUs;

nrhy; Njq;fha; eha;

XLk;

,Uf;Fk;

cs;tha; ntSj;jpUf;Fk;

ehLq; Fiy jdf;F ehzhJ


XIV gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.

XV gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F jug;gl;l nra;Al; gFjpapypUe;J xt;Nthu;gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F jug;gl;l nra;Al; gFjpapypUe;J xt;Nthu;gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F jug;gl;l nra;Al; gFjpapypUe;J xt;Nthu;gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F jug;gl;l nra;Al; gFjpapypUe;J xt;Nthu;gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F jug;gl;l nra;Al; gFjpapypUe;J xt;Nthu;

cjhuzk; jUf.cjhuzk; jUf.cjhuzk; jUf.cjhuzk; jUf.cjhuzk; jUf.

• nrag;gL nghUs; Fd;wpa tpid ......................................................

• nrag;gL nghUs; Fd;whj tpid ......................................................

• tpdh Kw;W ......................................................

• Vty; Kw;W ......................................................

• m/wpiz glu;f;if tpidKw;W ......................................................

• vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rk; ......................................................

XVI gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspd; mir> rPu; vd;gdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspd; mir> rPu; vd;gdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspd; mir> rPu; vd;gdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspd; mir> rPu; vd;gdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspd; mir> rPu; vd;gdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.

XVII gpd;njhlu; Ntiygpd;njhlu; Ntiygpd;njhlu; Ntiygpd;njhlu; Ntiygpd;njhlu; Ntiy

jug;gl;l Fwpg;Gfis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L rk;gtf; Nfhit / ehlfk; /Ritahd fij / ge;jp xd;iw vOJf.

1. - Gytu;khu; (,ul;ilau;) Mw;Wf;F ePuhlr; nry;Yjy;.

- Milia fow;wp mbj;Jj; Jitj;J myRjy;.

- Mil ePupdhy; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gLjy;.

- Milia ,oe;j Gytu;khupd; Jd;gk;.

- ,iw ek;gpf;ifia ntspg;gLj;jp kdr; rhe;jp ngWjy;.

nrhy; gFjp re;jp ,ilepiy rhupia tpFjp

tpise;jpLk;

gupkspf;Fk;

Njha;j;J

jg;gpdhy;

XjpNdd;

nrhy; mir rPu;

kl;lhUk;

md;dk;

%TyFk;

espdk;

,g;Gtpapy;

nrhy;

ciyapypl

vd;id

nfhk;G


2. - rj;jpuj;jpDs; Gytu; fisg;Gld; nry;Yjy;.

- ,uT czT cz;Zk; MtYld; fhj;jpUj;jy;.

- czT jahupg;gij mtjhdpj;jy;.

- tpbay; Ntisapy; ,iy Nghl;L czT gupkhwg;gLjy;.

- Gytupd; kd czu;Tk; ftpij ntspg;ghLk;.

3. gbf;fhRg; Gytupd; ghlw; rpwg;ig tpsf;Ftjw;fhf vLj;Jf;

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s midj;JNk cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghf ,Ug;gJ gw;wpa

ckJ fUj;Jf;fis tpku;rdg; / Ma;Tg; ghq;fpy; vOJf.


(v)

gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G III

fl;Liu jpUj;Jk; Kiw

,f;fhyj;jpy; khztu; vOJk; fl;Liufspd; juk; kpff; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. khztu; vOjpa fl;Liuia Mrpupau;

jpUj;jkhd Kiwapy; jpUj;jhky; tpLtJk; xU Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. khztupd;

fl;Liuj; Nju;r;rpf;F mtu;fs; mNdf fl;Liufis vOjpj; js;s Ntz;Lnkd;gJ

Kf;fpakhdjd;W. Mdhy;> mtu;fs; vOJk; fl;Liufs; $ba msT ed;wha;

,Ug;gJk;> mtw;wpy; jhk; tpl;l gpiofis mwpe;J nfhs;tJk;> mtw;iwj;

jpUj;JtJk;> mg;gpiofs; gpd;du; jhk; vOJk; fl;Liufspy; tuhjgb ftdpg;gJNk

Kf;fpakhdit. Mjyhy;> khztuJ fl;Liuia Mrpupau; cupa Kiwapy;

jpUj;jf; ftdnkLf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak;.

Mrpupau; fl;Liuapy; cs;s gpiofisg; gj;jpuj;jpy; FwpaPLfs; %yk; Fwpg;gply;

Ntz;LNkad;wpg; gpiofisj; jpUj;jp tpLjy; ey;yjd;W. Mrpupau; jpUj;jptpLkplj;J

khztu; jhk; tpl;l gpiofis vg;gbg;gl;lit vdf; ftdpf;fhJ tpl NeupLk;.

khztu; jhk; tpl;l gpiofis mwpe;J mtw;iwj; jpUj;Jtjw;F tha;g;gspf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;.

khztu; vOjpa mNj epw ikahy; MrpupaUk; gpiofisf; Fwpg;gJ ed;wd;W.

rptg;G epw ik my;yJ ~~ngd;rpy;|| My; Fwpj;jNy jf;fJ. gpioahd gFjpia

vOj;Jf;FNkNy FWf;fhff; fPwpdhy; gpiotpl;l gFjp khztu;f;F tpsq;fhkw;

Nghff; $Lk;. Mjyhy;> gpioahd gFjpapd; fPNo fPW ,LtJ ed;W.

gpiofisf; Fwpg;gpLk; FwpaPLfisf; fl;Liu vOjpa fljhrpapy; ,lJ gf;fkhf

tplg;gl;bUf;Fk; Xuj;jpy; gpiofSf;F NeNu mNj tupapy; Fwpg;gpLf. gytupfs;

jtwhapUg;gpd; mtw;wpd; Xukha; mtw;iw mlf;ff; $ba epWjpl;lf; NfhL Nghl;Lf;

fhl;lyhk;.

Xu; vOj;J kpifahf ,Ue;jhy; mjw;FNky; xU rpW rupthd NfhL ,l;Lk;> xU

nrhy; my;yJ nrhw;nwhlu; kpifahf ,Ue;jhy; mjd;Nky; ePskhff; NfhL

,l;Lk; mij ntl;b tplyhk;. gy tupfs; kpifahf ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iw tuptupahff;

fPwptplyhk;.

Xu; vOj;jhtJ> nrhy;yhtJ> nrhw;nwhluhtJ Xuplj;jpy; tplg;gl;bUe;jhy;

mt;tplj;jpy; nrUf;fw; Fwp,l;Lf;fhl;lyhk;.

Xu; vOj;jhtJ> nrhy;yhtJ> nrhw;nwhluhtJ ,lk; khwpapUg;gpd; ,jidr; Rw;wp

tl;lk; my;yJ ePs; tl;lk; my;yJ milg;Gf;Fwp ,l;L mjdpd;Wk; xU NfhL

mk;Gf; FwpAld; cupa ,lj;Jf;F ,Oj;Jf;fhl;b tpLtJ ed;W.

fl;Liuapd; jiyg;G> mij vOJk; jpfjp> (gy tpdhf;fNshL tUkplj;J) tpdh

,yf;fk; vd;git Fwpf;fg;glh tpl;lhy; mjdjd; ngaiu vOjp> mtw;wpd; <w;wpy;

tpdhf;Fwp ,Lf.


mjkk;

,ilj;juk;

cau;juk;

khztu; vOjpa fl;Liuia Mrpupau; ghu;itapl;Lg; gpiofisf; Fwpg;gplhky;

mtu;fis NtW fl;Liu vOJk;gb Nfl;gJ cj;jkky;y. Mrpupau; ghu;itapl;l

gpd;du; khztu; mjd; fPNo gpio jpUj;jk; nra;ahky; mLj;j fl;Liu vOj

mtu;fis xUNghJk; mDkjpf;ff; $lhJ.

Mrpupau; fl;Liuiag; ghu;itapl;lJk; mjd; fPNo nghJf; Fwpg;Gfis vOjp>

Gs;spfisAk; Fwpj;Jj; jpfjpAld; jkJ ifnahg;gj;ij ,ly; KiwahFk;.

Gs;spfisg; gy mk;rq;fshf tiuaWj;J toq;FtJ ed;W. nghUSf;F Kg;gJk;>

gpioapd;ikf;F ,UgJk;> mikg;GKiw> vOj;JtbT> Jg;GuT> eil> jupg;Gf;

FwpaPL vd;gtw;wpw;Fg; gj;Jg; gj;Jk; $ba msthff; nfhs;syhk;. Gs;spfs;

toq;fhky; nrhw;fshYk;> milahsq;fshYk; kjpg;gpLk; KiwAk; gpd;gw;wj;jf;fJ.

10f;F fPo; mjkk; m -

10 - 20 kpff;FiwT m

20 - 30 FiwT m +

30 - 40 Fw;wkpy;iy , -

40 - 50 jpUg;jp ,

50 - 60 ed;W , +

60 - 70 kpfed;W c -

70 - 80 rpwe;jJ c

80f;F Nky; jiy rpwe;jJ c +

(vLj;Jf;fhl;L)

Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :Fwpg;G :

fl;LiufSf;F Gs;spfs; toq;Fkplj;J vOjg;gl;l tplak; vLj;Jf;$wg;gl;bUf;Fk;

Kiwf;Nf mjpf Gs;spfs; xJf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. nkhopg;ghlkhifahy;

tplaq;fis> vLj;Jf;$Wtjpy; cs;s rpwg;G ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gly;

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

vl;lhk; tFg;G khztndhUtd; Njfhg;gpahrk; gw;wp vOjpa fl;Liu xd;W>

,q;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfj; jpUj;jpf; fhl;lg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.


Njfhg;gpahrk;Njfhg;gpahrk;Njfhg;gpahrk;Njfhg;gpahrk;Njfhg;gpahrk;

njhlf;fk; : mtrpak; - ed;ik - Vw;wtpisahl;Lfs; - gpuNahrdk; - KbT.

G.t.

v.t.

nrh.gp.t.

jp.t.

NtW ge;jp

vz;.t.

k.t.

fh.t.

j.F.t

kw;nwhd;W

tpupj;jy;

v.kp.

t.t.

nrh.t.

$wpaJ

$wy;

nrh. kp.

vz;. t.

tp. t / Nt.t

ekJ ruPuk; Neha;apd;wp ngyKilajha;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; Njfhg;gpahrk; nra;a

Ntz;baJ mtrpak;. Njfhg;gpahrk; nra;ah

ky; gbg;gpy; khj;jpuk; fhyj;ijf; fspj;jhy;

gbg;ghspahdhYk; Nehahspahfpg; ngw;w mwp

itg; ghtpf;f Kbahjtdhthd;. mjdhy;>

Njfhg;gpahrj;ij> ghlrhiyfspy; xU ghlkhf

murpdu; Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. Njfhg;gpahrk;

nra;tjpdhy; ruPuj;jpYs;s Jd;dPu;fs; tpau;it

ahf ntspNa tUfpd;wJ. mjpfkhff; fhw;iwf;

Fbg;gjpdhy; ,uj;jk; ed;F Rj;jpailfpwJ.

jirehu;fs; tYtile;jd.

Nkiyj;Njrq;fspy; Njfhg;gpahrj;Jf;F

Kf; fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpwhu;fs;> ~xypk;gpf;| tpis

ahl;Lg; Nghl;bapy; mtu;fNs Kjyplk; ngW

fpwhu;fs;. tpkhdk; Xl;LtjpYk;> Aj;jj;jpYk;>

fy;tpapYk;> tzpfj;jpYk; mtu;fNs Kjd;ik

ahdtu;fs;.

Njfhg;gpahrk; nra;tjw;Ff; fpe;Jjy;> fpspj;

jl;Lkwpj;jy;> fpl;babj;jy; Kjypa RNjr tpis

ahl;Lf;fshtJ my;yJ cijge;jhl;lk;> ifg;

ge;jhl;lk;> JLg;ghl;lk; Kjypa gpwNjr tpis

ahl;Lf;fshtJ Vw;wd. jz;zpapy; ePe;Jjy;

cly; KOtjw;Fk; mg;gpahrk; nfhLf;Fk; tpis

ahl ;lhFk; . mjdhy; tpj ;j pahgFjpapdu ;

Njfhg;gpahrj;Jf;Fupa tpisahl;Lf;fisg; ghl

rhiyapy; elj;j Vw;ghL nra;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.

tpisahl;bdhy; kNdhgyk; mjpfupf;Fk;@

Mj;jpuj;ij mlf;Fjy;> Njhy;tpia Vw;wy;>

xw;Wik ahf ,Uj;jy;> $l;LwT> fhupaq;fis

epUtfpj; jy; Mfpa ey;y gz;Gfs; gz;Gw tsUk;.

Mjyhy;> xt;nthU gps;isfSk; Njfhg;gp

ahrk; nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; ed;ik

cz;lhFk;.

[

]

[

]


nghJf; Fwpg;GnghJf; Fwpg;GnghJf; Fwpg;GnghJf; Fwpg;GnghJf; Fwpg;G

• Njfhg;gpahrj;Jf;F Vw;w Neuk;> ,lk; vd;gd vOjg;gltpy;iy.

• Njfhg;gpahrj;jpy; tpisahl;L khj;jpukd;W NtiyAk; mlq;fk;.

• Njfhg;gpahrk; nra;ahikahy; tUk; el;lq;fisAk; fhl;l Ntz;Lk;.

• KbTiu ed;whapy;iy.

• gpiofs; mjpfk;. vOjpaijj; jpUg;gp thrpj;Jg; gpiofisj;

jpUj;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

42

100

rp. nr.

23/8

gpiogpiogpiogpiogpio jpUj;jk;jpUj;jk;jpUj;jk;jpUj;jk;jpUj;jk;

Neha;apd;wp Nehapd;wp

fspj;jhy; fopj;jhy;

ghtpf;f cjt cgNahfpf;f

Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wdu;.

Jd;dPu;fs; Jd;dPu;

Fbg;gjpdhy; Rthrpg;gjpdhy;

tYtile;jd tYtilfpd;wd.

[.... RNjr tpisahl;Lf;fshtJ [.... RNjr tpisahl;Lf;fs; my;yJ

my;yJ ... gpwNjr tpisahl; ... gpwNjr tpisahl;Lf;fs;] Lf;fshtJ]

jz;zpapy; jz;zPupy;

xt;nthU gps;isfSk; xt;nthU gps;isAk;

nra;ag;gly; nra;jy;

mjpy; mjdhy;

,f;fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FwpaPLfspd; tpsf;fk; :,f;fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FwpaPLfspd; tpsf;fk; :,f;fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FwpaPLfspd; tpsf;fk; :,f;fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FwpaPLfspd; tpsf;fk; :,f;fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FwpaPLfspd; tpsf;fk; :

G.t. - Gzu;r;rp tO

v.t. - vOj;J tO

nrh.gp.t. - nrhw;gpuNahf tO

jp.t. - jpiz tO

vz;.t - vz; tO

k.t. - kuG tO

v.kp. - vOj;J kpif

fh.t. - fhy tO

j.F.t. - jupg;Gf; Fwp tO

t.t. - trd tO

nrh.t - nrhy; tO

tp.t - tpid tO

Nt.t - Ntw;Wik tO

nrh.kp. - nrhy;kpif

ed;wp : ~gapYe; jkpo;| (,uz;lhk; ghfk;)

x


nraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghL :::::

jucs;sPLjucs;sPLjucs;sPLjucs;sPLjucs;sPL :::::

fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW :::::

nraw;ghLfs;nraw;ghLfs;nraw;ghLfs;nraw;ghLfs;nraw;ghLfs;

gb gb gb gb gb I

gb gb gb gb gb II

jkpo; (juk; 12> 13) Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lj;ij tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;Nthk;.

FWe;njhif “fUq;fhy; Ntk;gpd;” 24jpUf;Fws; - tpidj;J}a;ik

ghujpahu; ftpij - ~ghuj khjh jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rp|

gz;bjkzp rp. fzgjpg;gps;is - ~eifg;G+q;nfhj;J|

ghlj;jpl;lk; (jkpo; - juk; 12>13 - 2009)

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - 1

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; gw;wpf; $Wthu;.

khztu; mila Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfisAk; Nju;r;rp

kl;lq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fisg; ghlq;fs; Clhf khztu;

miltjw;fhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfisj;

jpl;lkpl;L fhl;Lthu;.

tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghlq;fs; Clhf ve;nje;j Nju;r;rp

kl;lq;fis khztu; milthu; vd;gij ,dq;fz;L

$Wthu;.

Fwpg;gpl;l Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij miltjw;F

gad;gLj;jf;$ba ghlg;gug;Gfis ,dq;fz;L

vOJthu;.

FOthf ,aq;fp> fUj;Jf;fis gupkhwpf; nfhs;thu;.

Fwpg;gpl;l ghlj;jpd; Clhff; Fwpg;gpl;l Nju;r;rp

kl;lj;ij miltjw;fhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;

nraw;ghl;il Kd;itg;ghu;.

midtiuAk; FOf;fshf mkur; nra;f.

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; xd;iw FOf;fSf;F toq;Ff.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; (nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; xd;wpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;l) ghlg;gFjpfis toq;Ff.

FOthff; fye;Jiuahb tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f

topg;gLj;Jf.

xt;nthU FOTk; jahupj;j tpilfis Kd; itf;fr;

nra;f.

FOf;fSld; fye;Jiuahbg; nghUj;jkhd tpilfis

FOf;fSf;F toq;Ff.

gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G gpd;dpizg;G IV

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd; khjpupfs;

1.ghlj;jpl;l mwpKfk;


nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; I

FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1

FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2

FO - 3FO - 3FO - 3FO - 3FO - 3

FO - 4FO - 4FO - 4FO - 4FO - 4

FO 5FO 5FO 5FO 5FO 5


FWe;njhif ~fUq;fhy; Ntk;gpd;....| vd;W njhlq;Fk; 24Mk;

ghliy thrpAq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2.1 I> ,g;ghlY}lhf khztu; miltjw;F

vt;thwhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis tFg;giwapy;

Kd;ndLg;gPu;fs;.

jpUf;Fws; - ~tpidj;J}a;ik| - gj;Jf; Fws;;fisAk;

thrpAq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs; 7.2> 7.3 I> ,f;Fws;;fspD}lhf khztu;

miltjw;F vt;thwhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis

tFg;giwapy; Kd;ndLg;gPu;fs;?

ghujpahupd; ~ghuj khjh jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rp| ftpijia

thrpAq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;; 5.2 I> ,g;ghlY}lhf khztu; miltjw;F

vt;thwhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis tFg;giwapy;

Kd;ndLg;gPu;fs;?

gz;bjkzp rp. fzgjpg;gps;isapd; ~eifg; G+q;nfhj;J| vd;w

fl;Liuia thrpAq;fs;.

ve;nje;j Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fis khztu; miltjw;F

,f;fl;Liuiaf; fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;?

mtw;wpy; xU Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij ,f;fl;LiuA+lhf khztu;

miltjw;F vt;thwhd fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis


toq;fg;gl;l rq;fg;ghliyAk; (~fUq;fhy; Ntk;gpd; - 24|)>

jpUf;Fws;fisAk; (tpidj;J}a;ik) thrpAq;fs;.

,g;ghly;fs; Clhf Nju;r;rp kl;lk;; 5.1 I> khztu;

miltjw;F vt;thwhd fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis


Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.4 I khztu; miltjw;F toq;fg;gl;l

ghlg;gug;Gfspy; vt;ntg; ghlq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtPu;fs;?

mtw;wpy; xUghlj;ijj; njupT nra;f.

mg;ghlg;gug;gpD}lhf 7.4 Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij khztu;

miltjw;F vt;thwhd fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis


FOthff; fye;Jiuahb tpilaspf;Ff.FOthff; fye;Jiuahb tpilaspf;Ff.FOthff; fye;Jiuahb tpilaspf;Ff.FOthff; fye;Jiuahb tpilaspf;Ff.FOthff; fye;Jiuahb tpilaspf;Ff.


tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;.tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;.tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;.tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;.tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;.

FO 1:FO 1:FO 1:FO 1:FO 1: FWe;njhif (24)

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; @ 2.1

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;:

Kjy;ehNs FWe;njhif 24 Mk; ghliy thrpj;J tUk;gb $wy;.

khztiu ,Utuhf mkur; nra;jy;.

,UtiuAk; FWe;njhif 24 Mk; ghliy khwpkhwp thrpj;Jg; goftply;.

gpd;du;> khztu; njhiff;Nfw;g> FOthf mkur; nra;jy;.

FOepiyapy; xUtu; thrpf;f> kw;wtu; mtjhdkhff; Nfl;f topg;gLj;jy;.

,t;tpjNk khwp khwpf; FOtpYs;s vy;NyhiuAk; thrpj;Jg; goftply;.

FOf;fspilNa nrd;W> mtjhdpj;J> Njitahdtplj;J topfhl;ly;.

vOkhwhf khztiu mioj;J> ghliy cuj;J thrpf;f tply;.

gpd;du; Mrpupau;> ghliy Kiwg;gb thrpj;Jf; fhl;ly;.

Gjpa nrhw;fspd; nghUisf; fz;lwpatply;.

gpd;du; ghlypd; nghUs;gw;wp khztUld; fye;Jiuahly;.

gpd;du;> gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis toq;fp> jdpj;jdpahf tpil vOjtply;.

vOkhwhf khztiu mioj;J> tpilfis thrpf;f tply;.

nghUj;jkhd / rupahd tpilfis khztUf;F toq;fy;.

FO 2:FO 2:FO 2:FO 2:FO 2: jpUf;Fws; - tpidj;J}a;ik

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; @ 7.2> 7.3


khztu; njhiff;Nfw;g khztiuf; FOthf mkur; nra;jy;.

vOj;Jf;fs;> nrhw;fisr; Nru;j;Jk; gpupj;Jk; vOJjy; gw;wpa khztupd; Kd;dwpit

kPl;Ltjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis toq;fy;.

1. capu;> nka; vOj;Jf;fisj; jUf.

2. vOj;Jf;fspd; tiffisAk; njhiffisAk; jUf.

3. tpidj;J}a;ik - Kjyhk; FwspYs;s capu;> nka;> capu;nka;

vOj;Jf;fis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.

4. vOj;Jf;fspd; khj;jpiufisj; jUf.

5. tpidj;J}a;ik - 3 MtJ FwspYs;s gpd;tUk; vOj;Jf;fspd;

khj;jpiufisj; jUf.

X> x> y;> Nt> L

1. ghlypd; nghUis vOJf.

2. ghlypYs;s mzpia tpsf;Ff.

3. vOFspu; / vOfspW - rupahd nrhw;nwhlu; vJ? fhuzk; jUf.

4. ,g;ghlypy; ck;ik kpfTk; ftu;e;j nra;As; mb / mbfs; ahit?

tpsf;fk; jUf.


6. gpd;tUk; nrhw;fis gFgjk;> gfhg;gjk; vd ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.

Jiz> Mf;Fk;> tpid> jUk;> GfnohL> nra;tpid> fhl;rpatu;>

grpfhz;ghd;.

7. gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisg; gFjp> tpFjp Kjypa cWg;Gf;fshfg; gpupj;Jg;

ngaupLf.

mog;Nghk;> fhz;ghd;.

8. gpd;tUk; nrhw;fis>

(m) gpupj;J vOJf.

(M) mit vt;tifg; Gzu;r;rp (,ay;G> tpfhuk;) vd vOJf.

Jiz eyk;> Mf;fe;jUk;> GfnohL> nra;tpid

9. gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xt;nthU cjhuzk; je;J tpsf;Ff.

(m) mfg;Gzu;r;rp

(M) Gwg;Gzu;r;rp

(,) Ntw;Wikg;Gzu;r;rp

(<) my;topg;Gzu;r;rp

vOkhwhf khztiu mioj;J tpilfis thrpf;f tply;.

nghUj;jkhd / rupahd tpilfis toq;fy;.

gpd;du; khztiu ,U FOf;fshfg; gpupj;jy;.

jpUf;Fwspy; ,Ue;J tpdhf;fisAk; tpilfisAk; (vOj;jpay;> gjtpay;)

jahupf;fr; nra;jy;.

,U gpupthff; FOf;fis mkur; nra;J Nghl;b Kiwapy; tpdhf;fis tpdttply;@

kw;wf; FO tpil$wy;@ fUk;gyifapy; FOf;fSf;fhd Gs;spfis Mrpupau;

gjpjy;.

$ba Gs;sp ngw;w FOtpw;Fg; ghuhl;L toq;fy;.

FO 3:FO 3:FO 3:FO 3:FO 3: ghujkhjh jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; @ 5.2


ghujpahupd; ~ghujkhjh jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp| ia thrpj;J tUk;gb Kjy;ehNs

khztUf;F mwpTWj;Jjy;.

khztiu ,Utuhf mkur; nra;jy;.

,UtiuAk; ~ghujkhjh jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp|g; ghliy khwpkhwp thrpf;ftply;.

gpd;du;> FOthf mkur; nra;J> ghlY}lhfj; jhk; ngw;w tplaq;fisf;

fye;Jiuahltply;.

mjd; gpd;G> gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fisf; FOf;fSf;F toq;fp> FOepiyapy;

tpilaspf;ftply;.

vOkhwhf khztiu mioj;J> tpilfis thrpf;ftply;.

nghUj;jkhd / rupahd tpilfis khztUf;F toq;fy;.

1. ghujp> $w tpioe;j tplak; ahJ?

2. mt;tplaj;ijf; $wf; ifahz;l tbtk; vJ?

3. ghlypy; fhzg;gLk; mzpfis vLj;Jf; fhl;b tpsf;Ff.

4. ghujpahu; ifahz;l nkhopeilg;gw;wp tpku;rdk; nra;f.

5. ghujpahUila ~cyfghu;it| gw;wp fUj;Jiu jUf.


FO 4:FO 4:FO 4:FO 4:FO 4: eifg;G+q;nfhj;J (gz;bjkzp rp. fzgjpg;gps;is)

,f;fl;LiuA+lhf khztu; milaf; $ba Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;:,f;fl;LiuA+lhf khztu; milaf; $ba Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;:,f;fl;LiuA+lhf khztu; milaf; $ba Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;:,f;fl;LiuA+lhf khztu; milaf; $ba Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;:,f;fl;LiuA+lhf khztu; milaf; $ba Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;:

1.1. nra;jpwDk; tpisjpwDk; cs;s Nfl;Nghuhfr; nraw;gLthu;.

3.1. capu;j;Jbg;Gs;s fl;LUthf;fr; nraw;wpwDila thrfuhfr;

nraw;gLthu;.

3.3. ghlj;ij mtjhdkhff; fpufpj;J vOj;Jg; nghwpKiwfisAk;

vOj;jhf;f El;gq;fisAk; mDrupj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

4.1. gy;NtW Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jf; fpufpj;J> mtw;wpy; ,lk; ngWk;

nkhopf; $Wfisg; gFj;J fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

6.2. Gytu;fs;> gilg;ghspfspdJ gilg;ghw;wy; jpwd;fisAk;

gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

7.3. nrhw;fisg; nghUswpe;J Nru;j;Jk; gpupj;Jk; vOJthu;.

7.4. nrhw;fspd; mikg;igAk; tiffisAk; mwpe;J> nkhopiar;

nrk;ikahfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

7.5. thf;fpa mikg;igAk; mjd; tiffisAk; gpuNahfpg;gu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3


~eifg;G+q;nfhj;J| fl;Liuia thrpj;J tUk;gb Kjy;ehNs khztUf;F

mwpTWj;Jjy;.

khztiu FOthf mkur; nra;jy;.

fl;Liuapy; ,lk;ngw;w tplaq;fs; gw;wpf; FOepiyapy; fye;Jiuahlr; nra;jy;.

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fisf; FOf;fSf;F toq;fp> FOepiyapy; tpil vOjr;;nra;jy;

1. fl;Liu Mrpupau; $w tpioe;j tplak; ahJ?

2. fl;Liuapy; ,lk;ngw;w tplaq;fisr; RUf;fp> ckJ eilapy; vOJf.

3. fl;Liu MrpupauJ nkhopeil> nrhy;yhl;rp> mzpfs; gw;wp tpku;rpj;J vOJf.

4. ,f;fl;Liuapy; ckf;F kpfTk; gpbj;j gFjp ahJ? fhuzk; jUf.

vOkhwhf khztiu mioj;J tpilfis thrpf;ftply;.

nghUj;jkhd / rupahd tpilfis Mrpupau; toq;fy;.

FO 5:FO 5:FO 5:FO 5:FO 5: FWe;njhif 24

jpUf;Fws; - tpidj;J}a;ik

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 5.1


khztiuf; FOthf mkur; nra;jy;.

FWe;njhif 24Mk; ghliyAk; jpUf;Fws; tpidj;;J}a;ikf; Fws;fisAk;

FOepiyapy; thrpj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwr; nra;jy;.

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fisf; FOf;fSf;F toq;fp> FOepiyapy; tpilaspf;ftply;.

1. (m) FWe;njhif 24Mk; ghliyAk; jpUf;Fws; tpidj;J}a;ik

Fws;fisAk; gbj;J> ve;E}y; Kjypy; vOe;jJ vdf; $Wf.

(M) mjw;Fupa fhuzq;fisj; jUf.

2. tpidj;J}a;ik - Fws;fis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L mf;fhy murpay;

r%f> rka epiyikfisj; jUf.




FO 6:FO 6:FO 6:FO 6:FO 6: eifg;G+q;nfhj;J

ghujkhjh jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp

jpUf;Fws; - tpidj;J}a;ik

FWe;njhif 24

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.4

njupT nra;j gFjpnjupT nra;j gFjpnjupT nra;j gFjpnjupT nra;j gFjpnjupT nra;j gFjp ~ghujkhjh jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp|


khztiuf; FOthf mkur; nra;jy;.

~ghujkhjh jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp| ghly;fis thrpj;J gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F

FOepiyapy; tpil vOJk;gb $wy;.

1. KjyhtJ ghlypy; ,Ue;J ngau;r;nrhw;fs; Ie;jpid vOjp> mit

vt;tifg; ngau;r;nrhw;fs; vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

2. ,uz;lhtJ ghlypy; ,Ue;J tpidKw;Wf;fs; Ie;jpid vOjp ,yf;fzk;

$Wf.

3. %d;whtJ ghlypy; ,Ue;J ,ilr;nrhw;fs; Ie;jpid vOjp> mit

vt;tifapd vdf; $Wf.

4. ehd;fhtJ ghlypy; ,Ue;J %tplg;ngau;fis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.

5. Ie;jhtJ ghliy Mjhukhff; nfhz;L gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil

vOJf.

(m) Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk;> ehd;fhk;> vl;lhk; Ntw;WikfSf;F xt;nthU

cjhuzk; jUf.

(M) mtw;iw Ntw;WikNaw;wnrhy;> cUG vdg; gpupj;Jf; fhl;Lf.

(,) tpidahyizAk; ngaUf;F Xu; cjhuzk; jUf.

(<) Fiwtpidf;F Xu; cjhuzk; jUf.






,yf;fpaq;fisf; fw;gjD}lhfj; juk;tha;e;j


jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;Ffis mwpe;J


nkhopaikg;ig (kuG> jw;fhyk;) mwpe;J

nkhopiar; nrk;ikahff; ifahs;thu;.

vz ;zq ;fisAk ; mg pg ; g p u haq ;fisAk ;

Gyg;gLj;jpg; gz;NghL NgRthu;.

Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jg; ngw;w mDgtj;jpd;

Clhfr; Ra Mf;fq;fisg; gilg;ghu;.

fhyg;gFg;gpd; gpd;dzpiaAk; mt;tf;fhyg;

gFjpapy; vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; mwpe;J


Gytu;fs;> gilg;ghspfspdJ gilg;ghw;wy;

jpwd;fisAk; gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; vLj;Jf;

$Wthu;.

FWe ;njhifa py ; t pj pf ;fg ; gl ;l ehd ;F

nra;As;fisAk; GwehD}w;wpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l %d;W

nra;As;fisAk; thrpj ;J> fUj;Jf;fis

ntspg;gLj;JNthk;.

i. mtw;wpd; nghUisAk; rpwg;igAk;

ii. mit vOe;j fhyg; gpd;dzpiaAk;

iii. ,yf;fpag; gz;GfisAk; tpsf;fpf;

$WNthk;.

FWe;njhifr; nra;As;fs; (24> 105>)

GwehD}w;Wr; nra;As; (141)

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - I

Nju;r;rp 1.0 :-

Nju;r;rp 4.0 :-

Nju;r;rp 5.0 :-

Nju;r;rp 7.0 :-

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1.3 :-

4.2 :-

5.1 :-

5.2 :-

nraw;ghL : -: -: -: -: -

ju cs;sPL : -: -: -: -: -

2. rq;f fhyk;


fw;wy; NgW :-:-:-:-:- • nra;As;fisg; nghUs;fSf;Nfw;gr; re;jp gpupj;J

thrpg;ghu;.

• nra;As;fspd; nghUisr; nrhe;j eilapy;; vOJthu;.

• Gytu; $wtpioe;j tplaj;ijAk; $Wkhw;wpidAk;

vOJthu;.

• nra;As;fspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;Gf;fis tpsf;Fthu;.

• Nfl;fg;gLk; ,yf;fz gFjpfSf;F tpsf;fk; mspg;ghu;.

• rq;ffhyj;Jf;Fupa ,yf;fpag; gz;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;

gb gb gb gb gb I

rq;ffhy ,yf;fpa tuyhWk; tpjpf;fg;gl;l rq;ffhyr; nra;As;fSk; gw;wpa RUf;fkhd

mwpKfk;.

• rq;ffhy tiuaiw - fp.gp %d;whk; E}w;whz;L tiu.

• Kjy;> ,il> filr;rq;fq;fs;.

• KbAil %Nte;ju; (Nru> Nrho> ghz;bau;) ghup> fhup> Nts; Kjypa FWepy

kd;du;fs;.

• muru;fSf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fkpilg;gl;l neUf;fkhd cwT.

• muru;fshy; Gytu;fs; Mjupf;fg;gl;lik.

• epy mikg;G Kiwf;Nfw;g kf;fs; tho;f;if> njhopy;.

• Gfhu;> Krpwp> nfhw;if Kjyhd JiwKfq;fs;> may;ehLfSld; tzpfk;.

• ,aw;iff;F ,iaghd topghl;L Kiwfs;.

• KUfd; (FwpQ;rp)> jpUkhy; (Ky;iy)> ,e;jpud; (kUjk;)> tUzd; (nea;jy;)>

nfhw;wit (ghiy) Mfpa nja;tq;fs; kf;fshy; topglg;gl;lik.

• rq;ffhy E}y;fs; (vl;Lj;njhif> gj;Jg;ghl;L)

gb gb gb gb gb II

• midtiuAk; FOf;fshf mkur; nra;f.

• nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - 1 If; FOf;fSf;F toq;Ff.

• FOthff; fye;Jiuahb mwpf;ifiaj; jahupf;f newpg;gLj;Jf.

gb gb gb gb gb III

• xt;nthU FOTk; jahupj;j mwpf;ifia Kd;itf;fr; nra;f.

• FOf;fSld; fye;Jiuahbg; nghUj;jkhd tpilfisf; FOf;fSf;F toq;Ff.

(tpilfs; gpd;dhy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.)

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - I

• FOthff; fye;Jiuahb tpilaspf;Ff.


FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1

1. Nky;tUk; nra;As;fisg; nghUSf;Nfw;gr; re;jpgpupj;J vOJf. nfhz;L $l;b

vOJf.

(m) FWe;njhif (24> 105)

(M) GwehD}W (141)

2. nra;As;fspd; nghUis ckJ ciueilapy; vOJf. (FWe;njhif – 24> 105>GwehD}W 141)

FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2

(m) FWe;njhif (24> 105)

(M) GwehD}W (141)

1. Nky;tUk; nra;As;fspy; Gytu; $wtpioe;j tplaj;ij tpsf;Ff.

2. mjidg; Gytu; vt;thW ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhu; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

FO - 3FO - 3FO - 3FO - 3FO - 3

(m) FWe;njhif (24> 105)

(M) GwehD}W (141)

nra;As;fspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;Gf;fis tpsf;Ff.

FO - 4FO - 4FO - 4FO - 4FO - 4

1. FWe;njhif (24> 105) GwehD}w;Wr; (141) nra;As;fs; Clhf vj;jifa ,yf;fpag;

gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd?

2. ,tw;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;glhj rq;ffhyj;Jf;Fupa Vida ,yf;fpag; gz;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

FO - 5FO - 5FO - 5FO - 5FO - 5

1. toq;fg;gl;l FWe;njhif> GwehD}w;Wr; nra;As;fs; Clhf vj;jifa nkhopts>

,yf;fz mwpit tFg;giwapy; tsu;j;Jr; nry;tPu;fs;?

2. fPo;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpiljUf.

(FWe;njhif 24 Mk; nra;Ais Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tpil mspf;Ff.)

i. capu;> nka;> capu;nka;naOj;Jf;fs;.

ii. mt;ntOj;Jf;fspd; khj;jpiufs;

iii. nrhw;fisg; gpupj;J vOJf.

fUq;fhy;

xz;G+

iv. nrhw;fisr; Nru;j;J vOJf. mit vt;tifg; Gzu;r;rp vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

MW + may; xU + gok;ntz;ik + NfhL ahd; + INfhL + mjtk;


v. gpd;tUk; nrhw;fis ngau;r;nrhy;> tpidr;nrhy;> ,ilr;nrhy; vd

NtWgLj;jpf; $Wf.

Ntk;G> G+> nfhy;> X> MW> may;> vOe;j> ntz;ik> NfhL> mjtk;> Fspu;>

kpjpj;j> gok;> Nghy> Fioa> nfhbNahu;> eh> fhjyu;> mfy.

vi. G+> mjtk; vd;w nrhw;fSf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;s milnkhopfis vOJf.

vii. ‘fUq;fhy;’ - ,jpy; te;Js;s njhif ahJ?

viii. gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspd; nghUis vOJf.

ahzu;> Fspu;> vd;id> ntz;Nfhl;lk;> mjtk;.

ix. ,r;nra;Aspy; ,lk;ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.

gpd;dpizg;G - tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;gpd;dpizg;G - tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;gpd;dpizg;G - tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;gpd;dpizg;G - tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;gpd;dpizg;G - tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;

FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1FO - 1

FWe;njhif 105FWe;njhif 105FWe;njhif 105FWe;njhif 105FWe;njhif 105

Gdtd; Jlit nghd;Nghy; rpWjpid

fbcz; flTl;F ,l;l nrOq;Fuy;

mwpahJ cz;l kQ;iQ MLkfs;

ntwpcW tdg;gpd; nta;J cw;W eLq;Fk;

#u;kiy ehld; Nfz;ik

ePu;kyp fz;nzhL epidg;G Mfpd;Nw.


fUq;fhy; Ntk;gpd; xz; G+ ahzu;

vd; I ,d;wpAk; foptJ nfhy;Nyh

Mw;W may; vOe;j ntz; Nfhl;L mjtj;J

vOFspu; kpjpj;j xU gok; Nghy

Fioa nfhbNahu; ehNt

fhjyu; mfyf; fy;nyd;W (jt;Nt)

GwehD}W 141GwehD}W 141GwehD}W 141GwehD}W 141GwehD}W 141

ghzd; #ba gRk; nghd; jhkiu

khz; ,io tpwyp khiynahL tpsq;f

fLk;gup neLk;Nju; G+l;L tpl;L mir,

CuPu;Nghy Ruj;J,il ,Ue;jdpu;

ahuPNuh vd tpdtyhd

fhu;vd; xf;fy; fLk;grp ,uty

nty;Nty; mz;zy; fhzh Cq;Nf

epd;dpDk; Gy;ypNa kd;Nd ,dpNa

,d;Ndk; MapNd kd;Nd vd;Wk;

clh m> Nghuh MFjy; mwpe;Jk;

glh m> kQ;irf;F <j;j vk;Nfh

flh m> ahid fypkhd; Ngfd;

vj;Jiz MapDk; <j;jy; ed;W vd

kWik Nehf;fpd;Nwh md;Nw

gpwu; tWik Nehf;fpd;W> mtd; iftz;ikNa.


FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2

(m) FWe;njhif (24> 105)

(M) GwehD}W (141)

1. Nkw;gb nra;As;fspy; Gytu; $w tpioe;j tplaj;ij tpsf;Ff.

2. mjidg; Gytu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwiaf; $Wf.

FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24

Gytu; $w tpioe;j tplak;Gytu; $w tpioe;j tplak;Gytu; $w tpioe;j tplak;Gytu; $w tpioe;j tplak;Gytu; $w tpioe;j tplak;

gpupe;J nrd;w jiytd; cupa fhyj;jpy; kPz;L tuhjjhy; Cutu; gopJ}w;Wtjd;

fhuzkhfj; jiytpf;F Vw;gl;l jhq;nfhzhj; Jd;gk;.

mjidg; Gytu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwmjidg; Gytu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwmjidg; Gytu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwmjidg; Gytu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwmjidg; Gytu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiw

Ntg;gkuk; G+f;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;w ,dpa ,sNtdpw; fhyk;> jiytd; ,d;wpf; fopag;

NghfpwNj vd;w jiytpapd; mq;fyha;g;gpd; %yk;> mtsJ gpupTj; Jd;gk;

czu;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gy ez;Lfshw; rpWfr; rpWfr; rpijf;fg;gl;l nkd;ikahd mj;jpg;goj;ij ctik

nrhy;tjd; %yk; maytupd; myu; J}w;wyhy; (gopg;Giu $wyhy;) nkd;ikahd

,jak; nfhz;l jiytp mile;j Jd;gk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.



tiuT ePl;bj;jtplj;J> tpiue;J tiutpid Nkw;nfhs;sj; jiytidj; jiytp

J}z;LtJ. jiytpapd; gpupthw;whikj; Jau;.


jiytdJ mUikawpahJ mtidf; fhjypj;j jiytp mile;j Jd;gj;ijg;

Gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jiytdJ ehl;L ,aw;if epfo;r;rpnahd;W cs;SiwAtkkhff;

ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

flTSf;F ,lg;gl;l fjpu; vd;W mwpahJ> mjid cz;l kapy; ntk;ikAw;W eLq;FfpwJ

mwpahJ gpio nra;jhYk; jz;lidf; fpilf;Fk; ,lkhfj; jiytDila kiy

tpsq;Ftjhy; mtd; mwpahkYk; gpio nra;ahd; vd;w ek;gpf;if jiytpf;F cz;L.

‘jiytdJ el;G> ePu;kpf;f fz;fNshL epidj;J> Jd;GWtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpaJ’ vd;Wnrhy;tjd; %yKk; Jd;gkpFjpia vLj;Jf;fhl;b> tpiutpy; tiutpid Nkw;nfhs;sj;

jiytid cld;gl itg;gjw;fhd jiytpapdJ cghak; Gyg;gLfpwJ.



Ngfdpd; ts;sz;ik


FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2FO - 2

(m) FWe;njhif (24> 105)

(M) GwehD}W (141)

1. Nkw;gb nra;As;fspy; Gytu; $w tpioe;j tplaj;ij tpsf;Ff.

2. mjidg; Gytu; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kiwiaf; $Wf.

FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24FWe;njhif - 24


gpupe;J nrd;w jiytd; cupa fhyj;jpy; kPz;L tuhjjhy; Cutu; gopJ}w;Wtjd;

fhuzkhfj; jiytpf;F Vw;gl;l jhq;nfhzhj; Jd;gk;.


Ntg;gkuk; G+f;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;w ,dpa ,sNtdpw; fhyk;> jiytd; ,d;wpf; fopag;

NghfpwNj vd;w jiytpapd; mq;fyha;g;gpd; %yk;> mtsJ gpupTj; Jd;gk;

czu;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gy ez;Lfshw; rpWfr; rpWfr; rpijf;fg;gl;l nkd;ikahd mj;jpg;goj;ij ctik

nrhy;tjd; %yk; maytupd; myu; J}w;wyhy; (gopg;Giu $wyhy;) nkd;ikahd

,jak; nfhz;l jiytp mile;j Jd;gk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.



tiuT ePl;bj;jtplj;J> tpiue;J tiutpid Nkw;nfhs;sj; jiytidj; jiytp

J}z;LtJ. jiytpapd; gpupthw;whikj; Jau;.


jiytdJ mUikawpahJ mtidf; fhjypj;j jiytp mile;j Jd;gj;ijg;

Gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jiytdJ ehl;L ,aw;if epfo;r;rpnahd;W cs;SiwAtkkhff;

ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

flTSf;F ,lg;gl;l fjpu; vd;W mwpahJ> mjid cz;l kapy; ntk;ikAw;W eLq;FfpwJ

mwpahJ gpio nra;jhYk; jz;lidf; fpilf;Fk; ,lkhfj; jiytDila kiy

tpsq;Ftjhy; mtd; mwpahkYk; gpio nra;ahd; vd;w ek;gpf;if jiytpf;F cz;L.

‘jiytdJ el;G> ePu;kpf;f fz;fNshL epidj;J> Jd;GWtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpaJ’ vd;Wnrhy;tjd; %yKk; Jd;gkpFjpia vLj;Jf;fhl;b> tpiutpy; tiutpid Nkw;nfhs;sj;

jiytid cld;gl itg;gjw;fhd jiytpapdJ cghak; Gyg;gLfpwJ.



Ngfdpd; ts;sz;ik


mfj;jpizr; nra;As;fs;> Rl;b xUtu; ngau; nrhy;yhJ ghlg;gl;bUf;Fk;..

Xu; xOf;fk; jdp xU nra;Aspy; $wg;gly;

rpwpa nrhw;fs;> milnkhopfs;> njhif nkhopfs;.

J}a jkpo;r; nrhw;fs;.

FWe;njhif (106) - 6~> FWe;njhif (24) - 6~> GwehD}W (141) - 15~ nra;As;fshf

mike;Js;sd.

mftw;gh.

Gwj;jpizapy; Mw;Wg;gil cj;jpg; gad;ghL.

rq;ffhyj;J tho;f;if Kiw ,aw;ifNahL xl;baJ.

,aw;ifahd epyg;gz;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tho;f;if Kiw> mjw;fpiae;j

njhopy;.

mfj;jpizg; ghly;fspy; Kjy;> fU> cupg; gad;ghL.

md;gpide;jpiz ntspg;ghL.

cs;Siw ctkk;> ,iwr;rpg; nghUs; gad;ghL.

jiytp> jiytd;> Njhop $w;whf khj;jpuky;yhJ ghq;fd;> ew;wha;> nrtpypj;jha;

Kjypa ghj;jpuq;fspd; $w;Wf;fshf mikjy;.

,aw;if tu;zid msthfg; gad;gl;lik.

Gwj;jpizapy; epiyahikf; fUj;Jf;fSk; ,lk;ngwy;.

ngUk;ghyhd ghly;fs; Gytu; $w;Wf;fshf cs;sd. rpy ghzd;> tpwyp $w;Wf;fshf

mikgit.

Neupy; fhz;gijg; Nghyg; ghLgit.

mwpTiu $Wk; ghly;fs;.

ey;ywpT+l;Lk; gz;G / ,bj;Jiuf;Fk; gz;G.

FO - 5FO - 5FO - 5FO - 5FO - 5

1. toq;fg;gl;l FWe;njhif> GwehD}w;Wr; nra;As;fs; Clhf vj;jifa nkhopts>

,yf;fz mwpit tFg;giwapy; tsu;j;Jr; nry;tPu;fs;?

nkhoptsk; :-

Gjpa nrhw;fs; - mtw;wpd; nghUs;

mzpfs;

vOtha;> gadpiy

,yf;fzk;

vOj;Jf;fspd; tif

khj;jpiu

nrhw;fisr; Nru;j;Jk; gpupj;Jk; vOJjy;

nrhw;ghFghL (ngau;> tpid> ,il)

Ntw;Wik

milnkhop

njhif

2. I. capu; vOj;J - x> v> M

nka;naOj;J - q;> y;> k;> d;> z;

capu;nka;naOj;J - f> U> fh> Nt> gp

II. capu;vOj;Jf;fspd; khj;jpiu - Fwpy; 1 (x> v> m)

- neby; 2 (M)

nka;naOj;Jf;fspd; khj;jpiu - ½ (q;> y;> k;> d;> z;)


capu;nka;naOj;J - Fwpy; 1 (f> U> gp)

neby; 2 (fh> Nt)

III. fUq;fhy; = fUik + fhy;xz;G+ = xz;ik + G+

IV. MW - Mw;W + may; = Mw;way; - (tpfhuk;)

ntz;ik + NfhL = ntz;NfhL - (tpfhuk;)

NfhL - Nfhl;L + mjtk; = Nfhl;ljtk; xU + gok; = xUgok; - (,ay;G) ahd; - vd; + I = vd;id - (tpfhuk;)

V. ngau;r;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; ,ilr;nrhy;

Ntk;G vOe;j nfhy;

G+ kpjpj;j Nghy

MW Fioa X

may; mfy

ntz;ik

NfhL

mjtk;

Fspu;

gok;

nfhbNahu;

eh

fhjyu;

VI. xz; (G+) @ ntz;Nfhl;L (mjtk;)

VII. gz;Gj;njhif

VIII.ahzu; - GJtUtha;

Fspu; - ez;L

vd;id – vd; jiytu;

ntz;Nfhl;lk; - ntz;ikahd nfhg;G

mjtk; - mj;jpkuk;

IX. mzp – “mjtj;J vOFspu; kpjpj;j xU gok; Nghy> Fioa nfhbNahu; eh.”myu; J}w;Wtjhy; jiytp milAk; Jd;gj;jpw;F ctikahf> mjtj;J vOFspu;

kpjpj;j gok; $wg;gLfpwJ.

ctkhdk; = mjtj;J vOFspu; kpjpj;j xU gok;.

ctNkak; = FioAk; jiytpapd; cs;sk;

nghJj;jd;ik = my;yhLjy;


Nju;r;rp 3.0 :- ciueil ,yf;fpaq;fisf; fw;W mit $Wk;

tplaq;fisAk; jkJ fUj;Jf;fisAk;

nrk;ikahd nkhop eilapy; Kd;itg;ghu;.

3.1 -: capu;j;Jbg;Gs;s fl;LUthf;fr; nray;jpwDila


3.3 -: ghlj;ij (Text) mtjhdkhff; fpufpj;J vOj;Jg;



Nju;r;rp 4.0 -: ,yf;fpaq;fisf; fw;gjD}lhfj; juk; tha;e;j


4 .24.24.24.24.2 :- Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jg; ngw;w mDgtj;jpD}lhfr;

Ra Mf;fq;fisg; gilg;ghu;.

nraw;ghL : -: -: -: -: - tpjpf;fg;gl;l ftpijfis (05)> rpWfijfis

(02) thrpj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fisg; Gyg;gLj;JNthk;.

ju cs;sPL : -: -: -: -: - fk;gjhrd; ftpij - njhopy;

e.gpr;r%u;j;jp ftpij - G+f;fhup

kfhftp ftpij - kPz;Lk; njhlq;Fk; kpLf;F

ePyhtzd; ftpij - ,d;W cdf;Fk; rk;gskh?

Gul;rpf; fkhy; ftpij - vd; ,iwtd;

GJikg;gpj;jd; rpWfij - rhgtpNkhrdk;

nr.fjpu;fhkehjd; - ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ



fw;wy; NgW : -: -: -: -: - rpWfijapd; ,ay;GfisAk; ftpijapd;

,ay;GfisAk; $Wthu;.

~rhgtpNkhrdk;|> ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ

- ,U rpWfijfisAk; tpku;rpj;J vOJthu;.

ftpijfis tpku;rpg;ghu;.

mwpKfk; :

etPd ftpij tsu;r;rpg; gpd;Gyj;jpy; fk;gjhrd; Kf;fpakhdtu;.

GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wj;jpYk; tsu;r;rpapYk; e.gpr;r%u;j;jp Kf;fpak; ngw;wtu;.

etPd <oj;Jf; ftpijapd; Njhw;wj;jpYk; tsu;r;rpapYk; kfhftp> ePyhtzd;>

Gul;rpf;fkhy; Nghd;Nwhu; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wdu;.

rpWfij Mf;fj;jpd; gpjhkfd; vdg; GJikg;gpj;jd; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whu;.

3. ftpijfs;> rpWfijfs;


<oj;Jr; rpWfij tuyhw;wpy; nr.fjpu;fhkehjdpd; rpWfijfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

ngWfpd;wd.

me;j tifapy; Fwpj;j ,yf;fpa fu;j;jhf;fspd; gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wp mwpa

Ntz;bAs;sJ.

gb gb gb gb gb I

khztu;fisf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; I I toq;fp mJ njhlu;gpNy fye;Jiuahlr; nra;Aq;fs;.

fye;Jiuahbg; ngw;w tpilfis Vida FOf;fSld; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sr;

nra;Aq;fs;.

gpd;du; nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; II I FOf;fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

FOj; jiytiu jahupj;j mwpf;ifia Kd;itf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.

Vida FOj; jiytu;fs; jk;kplKs;s Nkyjpfkhd jfty;fisg;

gupkhwpf;nfhs;s tha;g;G toq;Fq;fs;.

FOf;fSld; fye;Jiuahb Nkyjpf jfty;fis toq;Fq;fs;.

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - I

FOthf ,aq;fpg;; gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil mspf;fTk;.

rpWfijapd; ,ay;Gfs;

etPd ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs;

GJf;ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs;

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - II

khztu;fis Ie;J FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;. xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; cupa jiyg;Gf;fis

toq;fp mitgw;wpf; fye;Jiuahlr; nra;Aq;fs;. tpilfisr; rku;g;gpf;fr; re;ju;g;gk;

nfhLq;fs;.


~vOjg;gl;bUf;Fk; KiwapYk; eil eaj;jpYk; ghj;jpuq;fspd; cUthf;fj;jpYk;

cs;slf;fj;jpYk; ‘rhgtpNkhrdk;’ jdpj;jd;ik ngw;Wj; jpfo;fpwJ| vd;w $w;wpid

Muha;f.

ePyhtzdpd; ‘,d;W cdf;Fk; rk;gskh?’ vd;w ftpijapy; ePq;fs; fhZk;

rpwg;Gf;fisj; njhFj;Jj; jUf.

~ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ| vd;w rpWfijapd; fUtpidj; njspTgLj;Jf.



‘rhgtpNkhrdk;’ vd;w fijia efu;j;jpr; nry;yf; fjhrpupau; ifahSk;

topKiwfs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.

fk;gjhrdpd; ‘njhopy;’ vd;w ftpijapd; rpwg;Gf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

tWikapYk; Rje;jpukhf tho;e;J gpd;du; tPl;Lf;Fs; milgl;l rpWkpapd; kd

czu;Tfs; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fkhw;wpid ‘ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ’ vd;wrpWfijapid ikakhff; nfhz;L vOJf.


,uhkupd; fijf;Fk; rhgtpNkhrdk; vd;w rpWfijf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s

njhlu;Gfis tpsf;Ff.

‘G+f;fhup’ vd;w ftpijapd; rpwg;gpid vOJf.

‘ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ’ vd;w rpWfijapd; fUg;nghUs; rpWtu; cupik

rhu;e;jJ vd;W fUjyhkh? Muha;f.


‘rhgtpNkhrdk;’ vd;w jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL gw;wp tpsf;fp vOJf.

‘vd; ,iwtd;’ vd;w ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; rpwg;Gf;fisj; njhFj;Jj;

jUf.

‘ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ’ vd;w rpWfijapy; v[khdp vd;w ghj;jpuj;jpd;

Fzg; gz;Gfs; gw;wpg; guprPypf;Ff.


‘rhgtpNkhrdk;’ vd;w fij KOtijAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L fPo;tUk; njhlUf;fhd

tpsf;fk; jUf.

“uhkDila fy;tp> ju;kf;fz; nfhz;L ghu;j;jJ… Mdhy; mDgtr;rhizapy;

gl;il gpbf;fhjJ.”‘kPz;Lk; njhlq;Fk; kpLf;F’ vd;w ftpijapd; rpwg;gpid tpsf;Ff.

~ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ| vd;w rpWfijapd; vLj;Jiug;G Kiw gw;wp

tpsf;Ff.

(my;yJ)(my;yJ)(my;yJ)(my;yJ)(my;yJ)

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - II

khztu;fis MW FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;. xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xt;nthU jiyg;ig

toq;fp mtw;wpidr; nra;tjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.


ePyhtzdpd; ‘,d;W cdf;Fk; rk;gskh?’ vd;w ftpijapy; ePq;fs; fhZk;

rpwg;Gf;fisj; njhFj;Jj; jUf.



ftpijfis thrpj;j mDgtq;fNshL cq;fSila kdjpy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpa

VjhtNjhu; rk;gtj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ftpij xd;iw vOJf.


“vOjg;gl;bUf;Fk; KiwapYk;> eil eaj;jpYk; ghj;jpuq;fspd; jd;ikapYk;

cs;slf;fj;jpYk; ‘rhgtpNkhrdk;’ jdpj;jd;ik ngw;Wj; jpfo;fpwJ vd;w $w;wpid

Muha;f.


Mf;f mbg;gilapy; ‘vd; ,iwtd;’ vd;w ftpijapd; cs;slf;fk; gw;wp

tpku;rpf;Ff.


~ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ| vd;w rpWfijapd; fUj;J rpWtu; cupik rhu;e;jJ

vd;W fUjyhkh? tpsf;Ff.


cq;fsplk; jug;gl;bUf;Fk; ,yf;fpa Mf;fj;ij thrpj;j gpd; ,yf;fzk; rhu;e;j

tpdhf;fisj; jahu;nra;f.

ftpij ftpij ftpij ftpij ftpij – rpWfij fw;gpf;ifapy; ftdpf;f Ntz;batw;wpy; rpy: rpWfij fw;gpf;ifapy; ftdpf;f Ntz;batw;wpy; rpy: rpWfij fw;gpf;ifapy; ftdpf;f Ntz;batw;wpy; rpy: rpWfij fw;gpf;ifapy; ftdpf;f Ntz;batw;wpy; rpy: rpWfij fw;gpf;ifapy; ftdpf;f Ntz;batw;wpy; rpy:

Fwpj;j gilg;Gg; gw;wpa Fwpg;G

Mrpupaupd; KOikahd gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa Fwpg;G

Mrpupau; gw;wpa Fwpg;G

tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fs;tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fs;tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fs;tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fs;tpilfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fs;

‘,d;W cdf;Fk; rk;gskh?’

rpwg;G :rpwg;G :rpwg;G :rpwg;G :rpwg;G :

vspikahdJ.

,ay;ghdJ.

Ngr;Nrhirj; jd;ik nfhz;lJ.

Xirr; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;lJ.

ciuahlw; ghq;fpyhdJ.

mq;fj Nehf;F tputpaJ.


njhopy;:njhopy;:njhopy;:njhopy;:njhopy;:

fw;gid tsk; -: “Mo;flypd; miyfspil Mly; fhw;Nw…”

mzpg;gpuNahfk; -: cUtfk; - ,Ul;rhzk;

ctik - fpsp %f;F epwg;nghl;L

,aw;if tu;zid :- #upad;> fhw;W> ejp> kyu;…

‘�f;fhup’

ciuahlw; ghq;fpyhdJ

,yFthd nrhy;yhl;rp

etPd cj;jpg; gad;ghL

fw;gidr; rpwg;G

czu;r;rp ntspg;ghL

‘vd; ,iwtd;’

mzpg; gad;ghL -: fUizr; nrOQ;Nrhjp

Gfoq;fp

czu;Tg; gputhfk; -: ‘mfpyk; Guf;Fk; vq;Nfhkhd;’

nghUj;jkhd nkhopg; gpuNahfk;

‘kPz;Lk; njhlq;Fk; kpLf;F’

vspikahd nrhw;fs; - kg;gd;wpf; fhykio

Ngr;Nrhir - rg;ghj;jp Ks;Sk; rupaha; tpisahJ

czu;r;rpg; gputhfk;

jj;&gkhd tu;zid

nghUj;jkhd mzpf;ifahl;rp

eaf;fj;jf;f fw;gid

‘ntWk; Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ’

ghj;jpug;gilg;G

Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; rpd;dk; - v[khd;> v[khdp

tWikapd; rpd;dk; - rpWkp

mwpahikapd; rpd;dk; - rpWkpapd; mg;gh


nkhopeil:nkhopeil:nkhopeil:nkhopeil:nkhopeil:

Ngr;Rtof;Fr; nrhw;fs;

fpuhkpa kzk; tPRk; nrhw;fs;

fsk;:fsk;:fsk;:fsk;:fsk;:

fpuhkpa #oy; - kz;thriz fhl;lg;gly;.

efu #oy; - Mlk;guk;> ,ae;jpuj;jdk; fhl;lg;gly;.

‘rhgtpNkhrdk;’

ghj;jpug;gilg;G:ghj;jpug;gilg;G:ghj;jpug;gilg;G:ghj;jpug;gilg;G:ghj;jpug;gilg;G:

Mz;fspd; khWgl;l rpe;jidg; Nghf;F - ,uhkd;

ngz;fspd; ,ayhikia ntspg;gLj;Jk; Nghf;F - rPij

ngz; Rje;jpuj;ij Ntz;b epw;Fk; Nghf;F - mfypif

nkhopeil:nkhopeil:nkhopeil:nkhopeil:nkhopeil:

Njitf;Nfw;w tlnkhopg; gpuNahfk;

mu;j;jk; nghjpe;j rpd;dQ;rpW trdq;fs;

fsk;:fsk;:fsk;:fsk;:fsk;:

,uhkhazk; ,lk;ngw;w fhyg;gpd;dzp

tpj;jpahrk;:tpj;jpahrk;:tpj;jpahrk;:tpj;jpahrk;:tpj;jpahrk;:

“gioa fijfis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L ,];lkhd Nfhyq;fspy; vy;yhk; epd;W

nfhz;L ghu;f;f vq;fSf;F cupikAz;L” vd;w Mrpupaupd; $w;Wf;fika

fijia Gjpa Nehf;fpy; vOjp ,Uf;Fk; ghq;F.


4. fl;Liu4. fl;Liu4. fl;Liu4. fl;Liu4. fl;Liu

nraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghL ::::: fl;Liufis thrpj;J> Fwpj;j Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fis

miltjw ;Fg ; nghUj ;jkhd nraw ;ghLfis

mikg;Nghk;.

jucs;sP|Ljucs;sP|Ljucs;sP|Ljucs;sP|Ljucs;sP|L ::::: ghujpghly;

kdtypik Ntz;Lk;

jkpo;r; nry;thf;F

nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuq;fs;

fw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgW ::::: • fl;Liufis thrpj;J Fwpj;j Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd tpdhf;fisj; jahupg;ghu;.

• fl ;Liufis thr pj ;J ikaf ; fUj ;J >

Jizf;fUj;Jf;fis ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

• fl;Liuahrpupau; jkJ fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;j

ifahz;l cj;jpfis vLj;Jiug;ghu;.

• fl;Liuahrpupau; ifahz;Ls;s nkhopeil gw;wpf;

fUj;Jiug;ghu;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;

gb gb gb gb gb I ::::: • fl;Liufs; %d;iwg; gw;wpAk; mf;fl;Liufspd;

Mrpupau;fisg; gw;wpAk; RUf;fkhff; fye;JiuahLjy;.

• fl;Liu fw;gpg;gjd; Nehf;fk; gw;wpAk; khztu;fs;

fl;Liufis vOJtjw;F ,t;thwhd fl;Liufs;

mbg;gilahf mikAkhw;iwAk; fl;Liu vOJk;NghJ

ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; Fwpj;Jk;

fye;JiuahLjy;.

gb gb gb gb gb II ::::: • khztu;fis mWtu; nfhz;l FOf;fshfg; gpupj;jy;.

• xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; %d;W fl;LiufisAk; toq;Fjy;.

• FOtpdu ; ,Utu; ,Utuhf ,ize;J %d;W

fl;LiufSf;Fkhd nraw;ghl;ilg; G+u;j;jp nra;jy;.

gb gb gb gb gb III ::::: • xt;nthU FOtpdUk; jj;jk; mwpf;ifia Kd;

itf;fr; re;ju;g;gk; mspj;jy;.

• Kd; itj;jy; njhlu;ghf Vidatu;fs; fUj;Jf; $wr;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;fy;.

• Fiw epiwfs; gw;wp tpupTiuahsu; njhFj;Jf; $Wjy;.


nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk;nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk;

• jug;gl;Ls;s Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij khztu; miltjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

tpdhf;fisf; fl;Liug; gFjpfis ikakhff; nfhz;L jahupf;Ff.

FO FO FO FO FO I ----- Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1

• capu;j;Jbg;Gs;s fl;LUthf;fr; nraw;wpwDila thrfuhfr;

nraw;gLthu;.

FO FO FO FO FO II ----- Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2

• ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa gpd;dzpia mwpe;J $Wthu;.

FO FO FO FO FO III ----- Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3

• ghlj ;ij mtjhdkhff ; f p uf p j ;J vOj ;Jg ;

nghwpKiwfisAk; vOj;jhf;f El;gq;fisAk; mDrupj;Jf;

fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itg;ghu;.

FO FO FO FO FO IV ----- Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1

• gy;NtW Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jf; fpufpj;J mtw;wpy;

,lk;ngWk; nkhopf; $Wfisg; gFj;J fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itg;ghu;.

FO FO FO FO FO V ----- Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3

• nrhw;fisg; nghUswpe;Jk; Nru;j;Jk; gpupj;Jk; vOJthu;.

FO FO FO FO FO VI ----- Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5

• thf;fpa mikg;igAk; mjd; tiffisAk; gpuNahfpg;ghu;.

tplaq;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; (khjpup tpdhf;fs; rpy)tplaq;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; (khjpup tpdhf;fs; rpy)tplaq;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; (khjpup tpdhf;fs; rpy)tplaq;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; (khjpup tpdhf;fs; rpy)tplaq;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; (khjpup tpdhf;fs; rpy)

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1 ::::: capu;j;Jbg;Gs;s fl;LUthf;fr; nraw;wpwDila thrfuhfr;

nraw;gLthu;.

m )m )m )m )m ) ghujp ghly;ghujp ghly;ghujp ghly;ghujp ghly;ghujp ghly;

1. ~~capuw;Wf; fplf;Fk; ntw;nwYk;Gf;Fk; capuspf;Fkhw;wy; ghl;Lf;F

cs;sjhjypd; cj;jkf; ftpfspd; ghly; ehl;Lf;Fg;

ngUeyj;ijaspf;Fk; ePu;ikathk;.||

- Rthkp tpGyhee;jupd; ,f;$w;W ~ghujpghly;| vd;w fl;Liuapy;

epWtg;gl;bUf;Fkhw;iw Muha;f.

2. ~~khdpl tho;f;ifapy;........ vd;W njhlq;fp ,k; KiwNa itj;J

Muha;Nthk;|| vd;gJ tiuAs;s gFjpiaj; njspTw thrpf;fTk;.

,g;gFjpia Mjhukhff; nfhz;L FWtpdhf;fisAk; mtw;Wf;Fupa

tpilfisAk; jahupf;Ff.

M)M)M)M)M) kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk;kdtypik Ntz;Lk;

1. fl;LiuapD}lhf Mrpupau; $wte;j fUj;Jf;fs; ,d;iwa

fhyfl;lj;Jf;F cfe;jitah ,y;iyah epahag;gLj;Jf.


2. fl ;Liuapd ; g pujhd fUj ;J mij tsu ;j ;Jr ; nry ;yg ;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Jizf;fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gtw;iwj; njhFj;Jj;

jUf.

,),),),),) jkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;F

1. ,dp ,e;jpahTf;Fg; Gwj;Nj vd;W njhlq;fp njhiyfpof;Fg; gFjpapy;

cs;s ehLfis ,dp Nehf;FNthk; vd;gJ tiuAs;s gFjpia

thrpj;J FW tpdhf;fs; jahupj;J tpilfisAk; vOJf.

2. fl;Liuahrpupaupd; gd;nkhop mwpTk; tuyhw;Wj; Jiw rhu; GyikAk;

,f;fl;Liuapy; ntspg;gLkhw;iw Muha;f.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2 ::::: ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa gpd;dzpia mwpe;J $Wthu;.


1. ~ghujp ghly;| vd;w fl;Liu ghujpahu; fhyj;J ,yf;fpar; #oiyAk;>

,yf;fpag; Nghf;fpidAk; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F Mjhukhf

tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. Muha;f.


1. fhyj;jpd; Njitf;Nfw;w tifapy; rhjhuz kf;fSk; fUj;Jf;fis

vspjpy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Nfw;w tifapy; ,f;fl;Liu

vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpsf;Ff.

2. ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;ijAk; mij epiwNtw;Wtjw;F

Mrpupau; ifahz;l topKiwfisAk; tpgupf;Ff.


1. fhyj;jpd; Njitf;Nfw;w tifapy; rhjhuz kf;fSk; fUj;Jf;fis

vspjpy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Nfw;w tifapy; ,f;fl;Liu

vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpsf;Ff.

2. ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;ijAk; mij epiwNtw;Wtjw;F

Mrpupau; ifahz;l topKiwfisAk; tpgupf;Ff.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3 ::::: g hlj ;ij mtjhdkhff ; f p uf p j ;J vOj ;Jg ;

nghwpKiwfisAk; vOj;jhf;f El;gq;fisAk; mDrupj;Jf;

fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itg;ghu;.


1. ~ghujp ghly;| fl;Liuiar; rl;lf tbtpy; RUf;fpj; jUf.

2. Rthkp tpGyhee;jupd; uridAzu;tpw;F ~ghujp ghly;| fl;Liu Xu;

vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;. tpku;rpf;Ff.



fl;Liuapd; gpd;tUk; gFjpiar; RUf;fp mjd; gpujhd fUj;ij xU

thf;fpaj;jpy; RUf;fpj; jUf.

1. ~,e;j cyfk; ..............iftpLfpwhu;fs;|

2. ~cyfj;ijj; jpUj;Jtij tpl ................. Kay;tjpy;iy|

3. ~gpwu; nfhLQ;nrhy; .................,d;dhr; nrhy; Nehw;ghupd; gpd;|

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1 ::::: gy;NtW Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jf; fpufpj;J mtw;wpy;

,lk;ngWk; nkhopf; $Wfisg; gFj;J fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itg;ghu;.


1. ~Rthkp tpGyhde;jUf;NfAupa jdpj;Jtkhd ,yf;fpa eil ghujpghly;

vd;w fl;Liuapd; Clhf NknyOe;Js;sJ| Muha;f.


1. fl;Liuahrpupau; jdJ fUj;Jf;F typik Nru;f;Fk; tifapy;

ifahz;Ls;s ,yf;fpa Nkw;Nfhs;fisj; jUf.

mit xt;nthd;Wk; ve;jf; fUj;ij typAWj;jf; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sd

vd;gij tpsf;Ff.


1. ,f;fl;Liuahrpupaupd; jkpo; nkhopg; GyikAk; ciueilg;ghq;Fk;

ntspg;gLk; tpjj;jpid tpsf;Ff.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.3 ::::: nrhw;fisg; nghUswpe;J Nru;j;Jk; gpupj;Jk; vOJthu;.


1. fPo; tUk; ge;jpiaf; ftdkhf thrpAq;fs;.

~ekJ jha;ehlhfpa ............... rpwg;Gwf; $Wtd.

2. gpd;tUtdtw;Wf;F ,t;tpU cjhuzk; je;J tpsf;Ff.

gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk;> gFgjTWg;Gfs;> mfg;Gzu;r;rp> Gwg;Gzu;r;rp>

Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rp> my;topg;Gzu;r;rp> ,ay;Gg;Gzu;r;rp> tpfhug;Gzu;;r;rp



1. ~cyfj;ijj; jpUj;Jtij......... jpUj;jKay;tij| vd;w ge;jpia

thrpAq;fs;.

gpd;tUtdtw;Wf;F ,t;tpU cjhuzk; je;J tpsf;Ff.

gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk;> gFgjTWg;Gfs;> mfg;Gzu;r;rp> Gwg;Gzu;r;rp>

Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rp> my;topg;Gzu;r;rp> ,ay;Gg;Gzu;r;rp> tpfhug;Gzu;;r;rp

, ),),),),) jkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;Fjkpo;r; nry;thf;F

1. ge;jpapy; Nfhblg;gl;l nrhw;fisg; gpupj;njOjp tifg;gLj;Jf -

tpjptpsf;Ff.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5 ::::: thf;fpa mikg;igAk; mjd; tiffisAk; gpuNahfpg;ghu;.


1. ~,uz;L Nfhb........|

i ,g;ge;jpapYs;s thf;fpaq;fisj; jdpj;jdpNa vOJf.

ii xt;nthU thf;fpaj;jpdJk; vOtha; - gadpiyfis vOJf.

iii xt;nthU thf;fpaKk; vt;tif thf;fpak; vd;gij vOJf.


1. thf;fpa tiffs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; ,t;tpU cjhuzq;fisf;

fl;LiuapypUe;J jUf.


1. gpd;tUtdtw;Wf;fhd cjhuzq;fs; ,uz;il fl;LiuapypUe;J njupT

nra;f.

ngau;g;gadpiy thf;fpak;> JiztpidfSldhd gadpiy>

nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;whj> Fd;wpa thf;fpak;> vjpu;kiw thf;fpak;>

nrag;ghl;L tpidthf;fpak;> cld;ghl;L thf;fpak;.


5. ,yf;fzk;

Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0 ::::: nkhopaikg;ig (kuG> jw;fhyk;) mwpe;J nkhopiar;


Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.5 ::::: thf ;f pa mikg ;igAk ; mjd; tiffisAk;

gpuNahfpg;ghu;.

ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk; ::::: njhlupay;

• njhlu; - ngau;> tpid> ngauil> tpidail

• kuG - njhifepiy> njhfhepiy

• thf;fpak; - jdpthf;fpak;> $l;L thf;fpak;> fyg;G

thf;fpak;.

thf;fpa ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs; - thf;fpa ,izg;gpy;

vOtha; gadpiy ,iaG

• tOf;fs;

• epWj;jf; FwpaPLfs;• thf;fpa mikg;G

fw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgWfw;ww; NgW ::::: • nrhw;nwhlu; tiffis ,dq; fhz;ghu;.

• jdpthf;fpaq;fspd; gz;gpid tpsf;Fthu;.

• $l;L thf;fpa mikg;gpid tptupg;ghu;.

• fyg;G thf;fpa mikg;gpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

• vOj;J tO> thf;fpa tOf;fs; vd;gtw;iw

,dq;fz;L nrk;ikahf vOJthu;.

• gy;NtW thf;fpa mikg;G Kiwfis vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lthu;.

• epWj;jf; FwpaPLfspd; gpuNahfk; gw;wp mwpe;J

mtw;iwr; nrk;ikahfg; gpuNahfpj;J vOJthu;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;:fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghLfs;:

gb gb gb gb gb I mwpKfk;:mwpKfk;:mwpKfk;:mwpKfk;:mwpKfk;: • thf;fpaKk; thf;fpa cWg;GfSk;thf;fpaKk; thf;fpa cWg;GfSk;thf;fpaKk; thf;fpa cWg;GfSk;thf;fpaKk; thf;fpa cWg;GfSk;thf;fpaKk; thf;fpa cWg;GfSk;

• nrhy;> nrhw;nwhlu; - thf;fpak; (tpsf;fk;)

• nrhw;nwhlu; tiffs;

ngau ; > t pid> ngauil> tpidail>

njhifepiy> njhfhepiy

• thf;fpaq;fs;

jdp thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;jdp thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;jdp thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;jdp thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;jdp thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;

- ngau;g; gadpiy

- tpidg; gadpiy

- tpdhg; gadpiy

- vOtha; njhf;fpa

- vOtha; ,y;yhj


- nrag;gL nghUs; Fd;wpa

- nrag;gL nghUs; Fd;whj

- cld;ghL

- vjpu;kiw

$l;L thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;$l;L thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;$l;L thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;$l;L thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;$l;L thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;

- ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;

ck;> my;yJ> ,y;iynad;why;> M> X>

MtJ> Mdhy;> MfNt

- tpidKw;W vr;rkhjy;.

fyg;G thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;fyg;G thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;fyg;G thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;fyg;G thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;fyg;G thf;fpak; - tiutpyf;fzk;

- jiyik thf;fpak; rhu;G epiyj;njhlu;

• tOf;fs;tOf;fs;tOf;fs;tOf;fs;tOf;fs;

- nrhy; / vOj;J tO

- thf;fpa tO

jpiz> ghy;> vz;> ,lk;> fhyk;> kuG

- tOtikjp

• epWj;jw; FwpaPLfs;epWj;jw; FwpaPLfs;epWj;jw; FwpaPLfs;epWj;jw; FwpaPLfs;epWj;jw; FwpaPLfs;

Kw;Wg; Gs;sp> tpdhf;Fwp> tpag;Gf;Fwp> fhw;Gs;sp>

Kf ;fhw ; Gs;sp > miug ;Gs ;sp r pWNfhL

(tpl;birf;Fwp) m i l g ; G f ; F w p >

Nkw;Nfhl;Fwp

• thf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;G

- vOtha; gadpiy ,iaG

gb gb gb gb gb II ::::: • nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy; FOf;fshf;Fjy;

• nraw ; g hl ;Lg ; gj ; j p uk ; toq ;Fjy ; . FOf ;

fye;JiuahlYk; nraw;ghl;by; <LglYk;.

• FOtpdu; ,Utu; ,Utuhf ,ize;J nraw;ghl;ilg;

G+u;j;jp nra;jy;.

gb gb gb gb gb III ::::: • nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpu mwpf;iffis Kd;itj;jy;.

• FO epiyf; fye;JiuahlYk; njspTgLj;jYk;.

nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; 1nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; 1nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; 1nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; 1nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; 1

FO 1FO 1FO 1FO 1FO 1 ::::: nrhw;nwhlu;fs; (ghujpghly;)nrhw;nwhlu;fs; (ghujpghly;)nrhw;nwhlu;fs; (ghujpghly;)nrhw;nwhlu;fs; (ghujpghly;)nrhw;nwhlu;fs; (ghujpghly;)

• nrhw;nwhlu;fis tpsf;Fk; Kiwapyhd vz;zf;

fUg;glk; xd;wpidj; jahupf;Ff. xt;nthU njhlUf;Fk;

nghUj;jkhd vLj;Jf; fhl;bidj; (,ad;wtiuapy;)

jug;gl;Ls;s fl;Liuapy; ,Ue;J njupT nra;f.

• jahupj;j glj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhz;L nrhw;nwhlu;


gw;wpa tpsf;fk; xd;wpid Kd; itf;Ff.


FO 2FO 2FO 2FO 2FO 2 ::::: jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;jdpthf;fpak;

• jdpthf;fpaq;fspd; mikg;ig tpsf;Fk; Kiwapyike;j

vz;zf;fUg;glk; xd;wpidj; jahupf;Ff. mtw;Wf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisj; jug;gl;Ls;s

fl;LiuapypUe;J njupT nra;f.

• jahupj;j glj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tpsf;fk;

xd;wpid Kd;itf;Ff.


FO 3FO 3FO 3FO 3FO 3 ::::: $l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;$l;L thf;fpak;

• $l;L thf;fpa mikg;gpid tpsf;Fk; Kiwapyike;j

vz;zf;fUg;glk; / ml;ltiz xd;iwj; jahupf;Ff.

nghUj ;jkhd vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;Lfisj ; jug ;gl ;l

fl;LiuapypUe;J njupT nra;J vOJf.

• vLj;Jf;fhl;lhff; fhl;ba $l;L thf;fpaq;fisj; jdp

thf;fpaq;fshf;fpf; fhl;Lf.

• jahupj;j ml;ltiz / glj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhz;L

tpsf;fk; xd;wpid Kd;itf;Ff.

FO 4FO 4FO 4FO 4FO 4 ::::: fyg;G thf;fpak;fyg;G thf;fpak;fyg;G thf;fpak;fyg;G thf;fpak;fyg;G thf;fpak;

• fyg;G thf;fpa mikg;gpid tpsf;Fk; Kiwapyike;j

vz;zf; fUg;glk; / ml;ltiz xd;iwj; jahupf;Ff.

nghUj ;jkhd vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;Lfisj ; jug ;gl ;l

fl;LiuapypUe;J njupT nra;f. jiyikj; njhlu;>

Jiz epiyj; njhlu; vd;gtw;iw vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

• jahupj;j ml;ltiz / glk; gw;wpa tpsf;fk; xd;wpid

Kd;itf;Ff.

FO 5FO 5FO 5FO 5FO 5 ::::: tOf;fs;tOf;fs;tOf;fs;tOf;fs;tOf;fs;

• tOf;fs; gw;wpa vz;zf; fUg;glk; / ml;ltiz

jahupf;Ff.

• jug;gl;Ls;s (m) ge;jpapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s vOj;J

tO> Gzu;r;rp tO vd;gtw;iw ePf;fp ge;jpiar;

nrk;ikahf vOJf.

• ~M| ge;jpapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s thf;fpa tOf;fis

,dk; fhz;f. mg;gpiofisj; jpUj;jp vOJf. fhuzk;

fhl;Lf.

• ~,| ge ;j pa py ; jug ;gl ;Ls ;s thf ;f paq ;fspy ;

tOtikjpahf te;Js;s thf;fpaq;fis ,dk; fz;L

vOJf.

• tFg;giwapy; khztu;fs; tOf;fspd;wp vOJtjw;F

ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sf; $ba nraw;ghLfisr; RUf;f

tbtpy; Fwpg;gpLf.


(m) nghUj;jkw;w nrhw;gad;ghL> vOj;J tO> Gzu;r;rp tO vd;gdtw;iw

ePf;fp vOJf.

ee;jpf; fpuhkk; myfpa ,aw;iff; fhl;r;rpfs; epiue;j CuhFk;. mt; Cu;

md;iwaj;jpdk; tpyhf;Nfhyk; nfhz;bUe;jJ. fpuhkj;J ,isQ;Qu;fspd;

Kaw;r;rpapdhy; cUthd rdr%f epyaj;jpd; jpwg;G tpoh md;W eilg;ngw

,Ue;jJ. tpohtpw;Fg; gyUk; r%fkspj;jpUe;jdu;. gj;jpupf;if epUgu;fSk;

fye;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. gpujk mjpjpahd tiyaf; fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsu;

fj;jpupf; Nfhyhy; ehlhit ntl;b epiyaj;ijj; Jwe;J itj;jhu;. vy;NyhUk;

ifj;jl;b kfpy;r;rp Mwthuk; nra;jdu;. jiytu; nrhw;nghypthw;Wifapy;

epiyaj;ijg; ghtpg;gjw;Ff; fhR Ntz;l Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; jsg;ghlq;fis

tpiynfhLj;J thq;f Ntz;lj; Njs;itapy;iy vd;Wk; mtw;Wf;fhd

rpyTfisj; jhd; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;tjhfTk; $wpdhu;. NkYk;> ,e; epiyak;

epl;r;rak; gyUf;Fk; ed;ik mopf;Fnkd;Wk; et ehfuPfkhd efu;g;Guq;fs;

Nghy fpuhkq;fSk; ngsjPf tsq;fspy; tsw;r;rp mila Ntz;L nkdTk;

Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. ViofshapDk; fw;Gy nrtpg;Gyf; FiwghLilNahuhapDk;

ghuhKfk; fhl;lhJ fQ;rhj; jdkpd;wp jhuhy kdj;Jld; mtu;fSf;Fk;

cjTjy; Ntz;LnkdTk; tspAUj;jpdhu;.

(M) jug;gl;Ls;s ge;jpapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s thf;fpa tOf;fis ,dk; fz;L

jpUj;jp vOJf. ,it vt;tifg;gl;l tOf;fs; vd tpsf;Ff.

murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspYs;s xt;nthU Mrpupau;fSk; jdJ flikiar;

nrt;tNd nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj murhq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fhFk;. ghlrhiyfs;

vd;gJ nghJr; nrhj;jhFk;. ghlrhiyfspd; ngsjPf tsq;fis

Nkk;gLj;JtJld; fy;tpj; juj;ij cau;j;Jtjw;Fg; gy eltbf;iffis

murhq;fk; Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. khztu;fs; xOf;fKilatuhfTk;

ew;Fzq;fs; gz;Gfs; epiwe;jtuhfp ew; gpui[fshf cUthf;fg;gLtjpy;

Mrpupau;fs; mf;fiw fhl;Ljy; Ntz;Lk;. jpwd; kpf;f Mrpupau; rKjhak;

Kd;Ndw toprikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ngw;Nwhu;> Mrpupau;> mjpgu;> eyd;

tpUk;gpfs; rq;fk;> ghlrhiy> r%fk; vdg; gyUk; ghlrhiyapd; tsu;r;rpapy;

mf;fiw nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. khztu; fy;tpapy; kl;Lkd;wp tpisahl;L

mofpay; Jiwrhu; nraw;ghLfs; r%f Nritfspy; <LgLjy; Mfpatw;wpy;

Mu;t Kilatuhf tpsq;f topfhl;lg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. khztu;fs; FOr;

nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;jg;gLk; NghJ jiyikj;Jtk; xj;Jiog;G ey;Fjy;

Mfpa ew;gz;Gfs; ngw;W Kd;Ndwpr; nry;tu;. Vnddpy; khztu;fNs

ehisa rKjhaj;jpd; jiytu;fshf kyug; Nghfpwhu;fs; vd;w

fhuzj;jpdhyhFk;. Mrpupau;fs; ghltplaq;fisf; fw;gpg;gtuhfTk;

khztu;fspd; jpwd;fis tsu;g;gtuhfTk; kdg; ghq;F tpUj;jpapy; mf;fiw

nrYj;jpAk; jkJ nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;lhy; ed;ik Vw;gLfpwJ.

(,) tOtikjpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba thf;fpaq;fisj; njupT nra;f.

1. kioapd;wp Fsk; vy;yhk; tw;wpaJ.

2. ~~ehd; ehisf;F tUfpd;Nwd;|| vdj; jk;gp $wpdhd;.

3. ahidfs; $l;lkha; epw;fpd;wd.


4. ~cq;fs; Nrtfd; ,ijr; nra;Ntdh|

5. tul;rpapdhy; gapu;fs; fUfpd.

6. ~~vdJ mUikg;gR rpte;jp tUfpwhs;@ ghUq;fs; mjd; moif||

7. Fkhup jhia tzq;fpdhu;.

8. Njapiy kiyr;rhuy;fspy; tsu;fpwJ.

9. #upad; Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; kiwthd;.

10. ~jq;fs; fPo;g;gbTs;s NrtfNd ehd;|

11. $l;lj;jpy; ,sk;G+uzd; Ngrpdhu;.

12. vdJ nry;yg; G+id ,uhzp ghy; Fbf;fpwhs;.

13. ~~nfl;ltupd; rfthrj;Jld; ,Uf;fpwha;@ eP mope;jha;||

14. ehd; fy;Y}upapy; gbj;j NghJ ,q;F tpisahLNtd;.

15. jq;fs; eykwpa Mty;.

16. cq;fs; fl;lisia kPwkhl;Nld;.

17. fs;tidf; fz;lJk; eha; Fiuj;jJ.

18. ghujpahu; ~fz;zd; ghl;L| ghbAs;shu;.

19. ~neQ;Nr eP epidaha;|

FO 6FO 6FO 6FO 6FO 6 ::::: thf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;Gthf;fpa mikg;G

• jug;gl ;Ls;s fl;LiuapypUe;J (ghujp ghly;)

ntt;NtWgl;l mikg;Gfs; nfhz;l 10 thf;fpaq;fisj;

njupT nra;f. mt;thf;fpaq;fspd;>

- vOtha; gadpiy ,iaG.

- mikg;G uPjpapy; NtWgLk; tpjk; vd;gdtw;iw vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lf.

• khztu;fs; thf;fpaq;fisg; gpioapd;wpr; nrk;ikahf

vOJtjw ;F e Pq ;fs ; Nkw ; nfhs ;sf ; $ba

nraw;ghLfisr; RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpLf.

• epWj;jw; FwpaPLfs; gw;wpa ml;ltiz xd;iwj;

jahupf;Ff.

• jug;gl;Ls;s ge;jpf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw;

FwpaPLfis ,l;L kPz;Lk; vOJf.

nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw; FwpaPLfis ,Lf.nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw; FwpaPLfis ,Lf.nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw; FwpaPLfis ,Lf.nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw; FwpaPLfis ,Lf.nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw; FwpaPLfis ,Lf.

nre;jkpOk; ehg;gof;fk; vd;gJ Md;Nwhu; thf;F khzhf;fu; ,sikapNyNa

thf;fpa tOf;fs; ,itnad mwpe;J mtw;iw ePf;fp tOtpy;yhj thf;fpaq;fis

vOjpg;goFthu;fshapd; mg;gof;fk; tho;ehs; KOJk; ePbf;Fk; ,f;fhyj;jpNy

nra;jpj;jhs; thndhyp njhiyf;fhl;rp Nghd;w nghJj; njhlu;Gr; rhjdq;fspy;

tOthd thf;fpaq;isf; Nfl;fpd;Nwhk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. nre;jkpo;g; gapw;rpAilNahu;f;F

tOthd thf;fpaq;fisf; fhz Neupy; mit fz;iz cWj;Jk; Nfl;f Neupy;

mit nrtpia cWj;Jk; tOtw;w thf;fpaq;fis vOJtJ vt;thW ,g;NghJ

,t;tplak; gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

gr - 13 tim part i · jkpo; - juk; 13 - mrpupau; mwptiug;g topfhl;b ii jkpo;nkhop c njrpa fy;tp...

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