grad app portfolio

December, 2011 Santiago of Chile

CLICK&DRAGH E R E

PORTFOLIOJUANPABLOUGARTE

00 INDEX

PROLOGUE

00 - INTRO

ARCHITECTURE

01 - TIL-TIL DF

02 - Orchestra Concert Hall and Lookout Terrace

03 - Skiing Rest Area

04 - Thermal Springs Complex

PARAMETRIC DESIGN

05 - Cracked Wall Cladding Shelf

06 - London 100% Design

07 - Salone Satellite Milano 2011

08 - Stockholm Furniture Fair 2011

09 - SOE Bar Shelf

10 - CIRCUS Bar

11 - Infodema’s Showrrom

COMPETITIONS

12 - Pino Hachado Open Competition

13 - XVII Bienal Competition 27F

14 - Nueva Chaitén Open Competition

PROLOGUE

05

ARCHITECTURE

06

10

16

22

RAMETRIC DESIGN

26

30

34

38

40

44

46

RAMETRIC DESIGN

50

54

56

INTRO00This portfolio presents some of the projects developed throughout my academic and professional career. It is conceptually divided into three sections: Architecture, Parametric Design and Contests.

This does not imply that these categories are mutually exclusive. Some projects under the Architecture category have been para-metrically designed. The same applies for some of projects in the Contests section.

Within these chapters, projects are sorted chronologically from most recent to older.

I hope you enjoy.

TIL-TIL DFTil-Til, RM, Chile2011 / gt_2P01

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

Client: DIMANCHE Ltda.Location: Til–Til, RM, ChileYear: 2011Materiality: Steel Structure + Glass + Prefabricated Concrete TilingSoftware: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

This project consists of a convention and event center in Til–Til, 30km away from Santiago, Chile, which is intended for diverse uses. It comprises a 25,000 m2 convention center, a 7,500 m2 restaurant, and a 5,000 m2 ecumenical church, among others.

The client’s main requirements were to integrate the building com-plex into the surrounding landscape and to conceive the project as an organic entity, which could eventually be expanded to near-by lands.

The project was 100% designed using parametric tools, which pro-vided an adaptable solution to satisfy the client’s demands. It also proposed an efficient use of the available land. The systematiza-tion of the design process into generative algorithms allowed the real-time development of multiple proposals by adjusting the main variables, such as distance to the land boundaries, total built area, and building heights, among others.

The design process put special emphasis on the development of an environmentally friendly building through the incorporation of green roofing, in order to preserve the original vegetation area of the land.

1 1

Land + Tension Line

Design Proccess Scale Alternatives

Central Ellipse Influence 43.040 m2h: 25.0m / 663.933 m3

h: 18.0m / 497.949 m3

h: 12.0m / 331.975 m3

39.501 m2

35.237 m2

Roads + Restricted Area Volume Strips

Programatic Strips FINAL PROJECT

4

2 25

3 36

The parametric design process took the land construction regu-lations as a pre-existing condition. The proposal was developed taking advantage of those regulations. The entire process can be summarized as follows:

1 - Land situation: High Tension Line and boundary distancing.2 - Restriction Zones: Used for roads and parks.

3 - Striping: Division of the land into longitudinal strips for the allocation of diverse uses.4 - Deforming: Deformation of the strips by the influence of a central milestone. New blank spaces used for parking.5 - Striping II: Transversal division for programatic/building division.

The final proposal adapted the original height in order to provide different bud-get solutions by changing the usable floor area in the buildings.

The project incorporated a wide variety of uses, which were placed in different zones of the land according to how often they would be used. In that sense, the central area— around the central ellipse —concentrates the main buildings: restaurant, gas station and strip center. On the other hand, the peripheral area accommodates the ecumenical church and convention center. The most distant land strips were filled with parking lots and parks, creating a buffer between the neighboring situations— highways, secondary roads and adjacent lands — to isolate the project, but also providing the project with the possibility to grow towards the nearby lands following the same formal and functional logic.

1500 cars <

Convention Center Convention Center

Strip Center

Gas Station

Central Ellipse

Ecumenical Church

Restaurant

2400 m2 <

25000 m2 <

50000 m2 <

2000 m2 <

7500 m2 <

3000 m2 <

02 Orchestra Concert Hall and Lookout TerraceRehearsal and Concert Rooms, Easter Island, Chile2010 / Honors Seminar PRoject, Universidad Católica


Location: Hanga Roa, Easter Island - V Region, ChileYear: 2010Materiality: Prefabricated Wooden Structure and finishingsSupervisor: Alex Moreno Evaluation Commitee: Eduardo Bresciani / Arturo Lyon / Enrique Del Río

Original Photography: Felipe Díaz

The project involved the development of facilities for the Child and Youth Rapa Nui Orchestra in Easter Island, Chile. Requirements in-cluded the design of rehearsal rooms, storage rooms, and services. As an addition to the project, the proposal incorporated public space as a main variable, in order to provide Hanga Roa with a multipurpose-lookout terrace that attempts to compensate for the lack of public infrastructure in town.

An essential part of the project was the use of prefabricated com-ponents, since many building materials need to be shipped from the mainland to the island. Taking into consideration these limita-tions, the project remains complex while allowing to be built from easy-to-carry, modular parts. This is extremely important consider-ing that the workforce would also need to be brought from other places, which directly increases maintenance and construction costs during the building process.

These considerations had to be conciliated with a sustainable ar-chitecture approach based on local traditions, which successfully incorporated the way Rapa Nui’s inhabitants conceive and relate with architecture.

Photography: Felipe Díaz

Land controlled by natives inhabitants

A

B C

400 - 1800 A.C

1800 - 1888 A.C

1888 - 1947 A.C

Hanga Roa, 1970

1970

A

B

C

2008

Land controlled by French Missionaries

Land controlled by England

Rapa Nui lands have historically been occupied by different peoples throughout centuries. As a result, the native population has progressively lost its control over the territory. Since 1888, all Rapa Nui native inhabitants were confined to a small area within the island, which finally became the village of Hanga Roa. The reduced size of the zone allocated for settling people had an impact on the land subdivision. As a result, every piece of land was highly divided and currently it is not unusual to see up to four families living in one property. This has deeply affected the way Easter Island inhabitants conceive public spaces, which is one of the main variables that was introduced into this project.

One of the main characteristics of Easter Island is its relation to the sea. Despite the fact that the territory is surrounded by water, for the most part people relate to the ocean by simply establishing visual contact with it. Since a large part of the costal line is virtually inaccessible due to the geo-graphic characteristics of the island, the few places where the sea can be accessed acquire a special significance.

RAPA NUI27º7’10”S109º21’17”O

Photography: Felipe Díaz

Available Land

Public Services Sea–Land Connection

Normative FactibilityHanga Roa is the only human settlement in Easter Is-land. It is a small town that grew without any land use regulation for more than 100 years. The location of the project was defined based on the data crossing of four main variables:

1 - As a project conceived to host public activities, the building had to be located in a place near to other public areas.

2 - As stated before, the relation between land and sea in Easter Island takes place at only a few spots and the project intended to be located close to one of them.

3 - The land in Hanga Roa is divided between the native population and the government. The project could only be located in public lands.

4 - A Urban Development Policy has been recently ap-proved in Easter Island. According to that policy, the project could only be located in an area where cultural activities are allowed.

Considering the four factors stated above, there was one piece of land in Hanga Roa that met all the re-quired conditions. It was a place called PEA, located in the Civic District (1st condition), adjacent to a small

beach (2nd condition). It was a piece of government land that was rented to a restaurant that was going to be closed (3rd condition) and it was in a zone that allows the development cultural activities according to the Ur-ban Development Policy (4th condition).

Photography: Juan Pablo Ugarte

LOOKOUT-TERRACE LEVEL PLAN

AA Section

BB Section

CC Section

DD Section

ORCHESTRA’S FACILITIES LEVEL PLAN

03 SKIING REST AREALa Parva Ski Center, RM, Chile2009 / X Workshop, Universidad Católica


Location: Farellones Skiing Center, RM, ChileYear: 2008Materiality: Steel frames and wooden panelsSoftware: Rhino 3d + 3ds Studio Max + MaxscriptSupervisor: Claudio Labarca / Roger SaintardEvaluation Commitee: Sebastián Bianchi / Arturo Torres

Original Photography: www.flickr.com

The project involved the design of a rest area for a ski center, which was developed using parametric design and digital fabrication tools. Also, it incorporated the con-ceptualization of the building as a three-dimensional entity from the beginning of the design process.

During the workshop, the research focused on designing methods that looked for the efficient utilization of materials. I started working with 2D plane-tessellating poly-gons, such as pentagons and hexagons. Later, when the 3D design came into scene, my investigation focused on diverse polyhedron –such as dodecahedron and tet-radecahedron– in order to explore not only the material dimension, but also spatial optimization.

Finally, the project was based on Weaire Phelan Structure, which is the best-known so-lution to partitioning the space into cells of equal volume with the least area between them. The design process aimed to study how this complex 3D structure could resolve the challenges proposed by the workshop, in addition to exploring its architectural potential.

The Weaire–Phelan Structure is a complex 3-dimensional configura-tion generated by the arrangement of dodecahedrons (12 faces) and tetradecahedrons (14 faces) in a 1:12 ratio. Currently, it is the best-known solution to Kelvin’s Problem, which involves finding the most efficient way to partition the space into cells with equal vol-ume and the least area between them. A key part of the research focused on revealing the logic behind the way the modules could be and could not be combined.

As explained before, the Weaire–Phelan Structure is composed of two polyhedrons: dodecahedron (D) and tetradecahedron (T). They are arranged in a 1:12 ratio, which means that in a regular structure there will be twelve tetradecahedron for each dodeca-hedron. In other words, each one of the latter will be surrounded by twelve of the former.

The two polyhedrons are generated from a set of three polygons:

• An elliptic-based hexagon (1);• An elliptic-based pentagon (2);• A parabolic-based pentagon (3).

The dodecahedron includes only parabolic-based pentagons while the tetradecahedron also has elliptic-based pentagons and hexagons. Three conclusions can be extracted about the polyhe-dron combination so far:

• A (T) and a (D) are connected by a parabolic-based pentagon;• A (T) and a (T) can be connected through any of these polygons;• A (D) and a (D) cannot be joined since they are always surround-ed by 12 (T) — that means, on all of their faces.

LESS EFFICIENTMORE EFFICIENT

Spherev: 27m3a: 43.5m2

TT

T

D

1

2 3 3

3 3

Dodecahedronv: 27m3a: 47m2

Cubev: 27m3a: 54m2

Parametric generated Weaire–Phelan Structure

Prismv: 27m3a: 57m2

Both the dodecahedron and tetradecahedron were not suitable for architectural use, at least not as just simple polyhedrons. They lacked horizontal surfaces and, therefore, had to be adapted in order to provide the necessary elements to support the project’s program. Consequently, the modules were sectioned at different heights generating usable horizon-tal areas, emphasizing the possibilities that each of these areas had to be combined with adjacent modules’ sections.

Three possible types of tetradecahedrons and two kinds of dodecahedrons were obtained. They can be combined as follows:

An algorithm was designed to randomly combine these modules. The script generated the desired number of combinations, controlling parameters like the number of modules and the total usable area. The matrix shows the relations between each module within the structure.

It can be noticed that it is not possible to combine D and E modules between them or themselves. This occurs since both of them are dodecahedron, which can only be com-bined with up to 12 tetradecahedron (one per face).

TETRADECAHEDRON DODECAHEDRON

Module Aa: 8.5x

A

A

B

C

D

E

B C D

a1

a1

a2

a2

b1

b1b1

b2

b2

b1

c1

c1

c1

c4

c4

c1

c2

c2

c2

c5

c5

c2

c3

c3

c3

c6

c6

c3

d1

e1

e1

e2

e2

e3

d1

d2

d2

d3

d3E

Module Ba: 9.0x

Module Ca: 9.0x

Module Da: 11.0x

Module Ea: 6.5x

The script developed provides useful tools to analyze the generated polyhedron combi-nations. Besides combining them to obtain certain number of modules or areas, it paints them showing, for instance, how far each module is from the first one created (left im-age), which provides clues about the growth of the structure. Also, it shows how many polyhedrons each module is surrounded by (right image).

Both tools help to provide a deeper understanding of the complex generated polyhe-dron combination.

+

+

3 modules + - 60 m2

3 modules + - 60 m2

3 modules + - 60 m2

THERMAL BATHS COMPLEXEl Morado National Park, RM, Chile2005 / IV Workshop, Universidad Católica04


Selected for Umbrales UC ExhibitionLocation: El Morado National Park, RM, ChileYear: 2005Materiality: Eucalyptus wooden logSoftware: 3ds Studio MaxSupervisor: Sebastián Irarrázaval / Eduardo CastilloEvaluation Commitee: Germán Hidalgo / Margarita Greene

Original Photography: www.flickr.com

The project involved an experimental approach to the design process. Based on a sculpture developed at the beginning of the workshop, the final building had to have a deep relationship with it and keep a strong coherence through the shift from sculptural object to architectural project. One of the most important aspects to be developed during the process was the structural concept, which had to be extracted from the first sculpture and applied to the final project.

In this exercise, the constructive system consisted of a triangle-based, three-dimensional truss, which was unified —both structur-ally and formally— by a skin made of flexible sticks.

The first stage in the design process involved the development of a structural/sculptural object. Then, its formal principles were extracted and trans-lated into a set of plan views. The three-dimensional modeling process was based on these plan drawings and the sculpture’s structural system.

The final project was intended to be located in a mountain zone near Santiago, Chile, which despite its proximity to the city is a difficult access area. For that reason, the building was thought to be built with materials that could be easily found in the area, such as eucalyptus logs.

Finally, the project shows coherence with respect to the sculptural object designed at the beginning of the workshop. Both have the same structural system, and also keep a formal resemblance. The main difference is that while the model was developed in a mixed system with steel and vegetal fibers, the final project only con-sidered one material.

• Roof• Beams• Walls• Pillar• Floor structure



• Roof• Beams• Walls• Pillars• Floor structure

• Roof• Beams• Walls• Pillars• Floor structure

• Roof

• Beams

• Walls

• Floor

• Pillars

05 CRACKED WALL CLADDING SHELFSantiago, Chile2011 / gt_2P


Client: MASISA S.ALocation: Telefónica Building, Santiago, ChileProject: 2011Construction: 2011Materiality: Veneered MDF 20mm, 1.5mm steel flat barsSoftware: Rhino 3d + Grasshopper

Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld

CRACKED WALL CLADDING SHELFThe Cracked Wall Cladding Shelf was requested by Chilean company MASISA S.A for the “Experi-menta el Material” exhibition in Santiago, Chile. The client’s idea was to display some of the new veneered MDF panels through an inexpensive-easy-to-mount design.

The proposal consisted on an irregular hexago-nal tiling, which can fill the plane in any direction. Based on five different veneered panels, the hex-agonal modules were combined so that the final shelf appeared to be formed by many different kinds of wood, instead of just by five types.

The design also included wooden pieces perpen-dicular to the wall plane, generating a hexagonal shelf. For joints, a set of metallic folded pieces was manufactured; there were five different types of them, to solve every possible joint between the hexagons. Those connectors were joined to the wood thanks to magnetic flat bars embedded in it.


The convex hexagon tiling used in this project was also used in another similar design (shown in the opposite page) called Cracked Shelf, which was first exhibited during the Salone Satellite Mi-lano 2011. Despite the fact that there are some geometric differences be-tween Cracked Wall Cladding Shelf and Cracked Shelf, the same generative al-gorithm was used in both cases.

αB A

DE

F

C αα The convex hexagon tiling used in these

designs is generated from three circles whose radius determine the edges of the hexagon.

A = B / C = D / E = Fa = 120º

Photography: Gabriel Scholnick

06 100% DESIGN LONDONLondon, UK2011 / gt_2P

gt2p attended the fair London 100% Design and presented their new Digital Crafting Collection. It features objects and furniture that were designed by integrating traditional Chilean handcraft pro-cesses and materials with gt2p’s knowledge of digital design and manufacturing.

The concept of this exhibition was based on the incorporation of avant-garde designs and tech-nologies to give new value to Chilean native materials, such as Fair Trade Certified Raulí wood from Curacautín and alpaca wool.


SUPLE STOOLIn Chilean colloquial construction language, SUPLE is an improvised, ad hoc object used to fix construction imperfections.

The project SUPLE developed by gt2p is a fixing system that allows joining elements with several legs into a single connector piece. SUPLE’s para-metric algorithm makes it possible to create con-nectors for objects like tables, chairs, benches, and stools, among others.

Both wooden legs and the metallic SUPLE piece were manufactured from a 3d printed model. Made of steel and wood, SUPLE is the first Chil-ean design that uses Fair Trade Certified wood in its manufacturing process. It is also part of gt2p’s Digital Crafting Collection.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Material: 20mm Raulí wood with Fair Trade certifi-cation, Steel for connector pieceHeight: 45 cm. Width: 30cm. Depth: 30 cm.Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper


GUDPAKA LAMPThe Gudpaka Lamp is part of gt2p’s Digital Craft-ing Collection. It brings together parametric de-sign and digital fabrication techniques with tradi-tional Chilean crafting knowledge and materials.

The structure was built in thermoformed ABS us-ing a CNC-cut wood matrix. The exterior is cov-ered with a woven skin made with the leftovers of Alpaca’s hair, which is not suitable for making wool. The interior was filled with laser-cut triangu-lar Coigue plywood pieces.

Finally, the design was thought as a game of op-posites: digital vs. crafts (regarding the design itself); global vs. local (in terms of the manufac-turing process); North vs. South (according to the origin of materials); rounded vs. flat (regarding the different shapes in the lamp); and vegetal vs. ani-mal (regarding the materials).


Material: Thermoformed 2mm ABS, Alpaca wool Coigue 3.5mm plywoodHeight: 52 cm. Width: 120 cm. Length: 55 cm.Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper


TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW

ISO VIEW ALPACA WOOL

THERMOFORMED ABS

COIGÜE PLYWOODLEFT VIEW


07 SALONE SATELLITE MILANMilan, Italy2011 / gt_2P

PEARAPP LAMPParametric designed hanging lamp based on a pear and an apple shape.D: 25 cm x 18 cmM: Ceramic

SECTIONIMAL TABLEParametric designed Coffee Table.D: 76 cm x 180 cm x 35 cmM: Lacquered MDF + Tempered Glass

CRACKED SHELFModular shelf formed by the arrangement of irregular hexagons which tesselate the plane.D: 50 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm each module M: Plywood

Design of furniture and objects for the Salone Satellite Milan 2011 with gt_2P Para-metric Design and Fabrication Studio.

Design of the stand booth for the exhibition of the gt_2P’s products.

PEARAPP LAMPPearApp is a hanging lamp inspired by the shape of a pear and an apple. It was designed through a generative algorithm emulating the way fruit grow.

Fruit’s growing can be synthesized as the extrusion of a shape through a path. In pears, the shape is bigger at the bottom of the fruit, and smaller at the top. In apples, the shape begins smaller at the bottom, then gets bigger at the center and then smaller again at the top. To incorporate these parameters into the algorithm, a set of circles with diverse diameters was parametrically generated. To make the mix between the apple and the pear, each circle was modified from its control vertex, and then extruded through an axis.


Material: CeramicDiameter: 18 cm maximumHeight: 25 cmSoftware: Rhino3d + Grasshopper


CRACKED SHELFCracked Shelf is a piece of modular furniture cre-ated to be arranged and grow in any possible way. It is generated through a mathematical al-gorithm which creates convex hexagons tessella-tions which completely fill a plane.

The parametric design process allows not only to define its shape, but also to generate every con-structive component and its fabrication plans and drawings.

Cracked Shelf was selected to participate in the Salone Satellite 2011 Design Award.


Material: 20mm Plywood 2, steel flat bar, mag-netic dowels Length: 50 cm. Width: 40 cm. Depth: 25 cm.Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

The convex hexagon tiling used in Cracked shelf design is generated from three circles which ra-dius determine the edges of the hexagon.

A = B / C = D / E = Fa = 120º

αBA

D

E

F

C α

α


08 STOCKHOLM FURNITURE FAIRStockholm, Sweeden2011 / gt_2P

Pick Points

Pull Points

Adjust Adhesiveness

f: 0.15a: 0.20

f: 0.30a: 0.20

f: 0.15a: 0.80

f: 0.30a: 0.80

f: 0.15a: 0.40

f: 0.30a: 0.40

f: 0.15a: 0.60

f: 0.30a: 0.60

f: 0.15a: 0.60

f: 0.30a: 0.60

f: 0.15a: 0.40

f: 0.30a: 0.40

f: 0.15a: 0.80

f: 0.30a: 0.80

f: 0.15a: 0.20

f: 0.30a: 0.20


Material: CristalplantLength: 120 cm maximum

Width: 60 cm maximum Height: 30 cm maximum

Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper + Kangaroo

UNSTUCK TABLEUnstuckTable is the result of a generative algorithm that allows the creation of a wide array of furniture based on the idea of ‘unsticking’ something. Think of a sticker stuck on a surface. Now, picture yourself taking the sticker from different points and releasing them. The points you pull are unstuck, while the rest of the sticker remains adhered to the surface.

That is the idea behind the UnstuckTable algorithm. Parameters such as the number of points being pulled, the strength of the pulling, and the adhesiveness of the sticker to the surface allow the creation of multiple objects based on a single generative algorithm and adjustments to those parameters.

27F BOWL27F is a generative algorithm with works with concepts like point proximity and unity. It operates on an array of points. Based on them, it generates Voronoi polygons which edges are subdivided and used to make connections between the first points mentioned. It was developed as a tribute to the Chilean victims of the Earthquake that devastated Chile’s central area on February 27, 2010. It creates a dialogue between the fracturing effect that the earthquake had on Chile — both physically and conceptually — and the unifying geometric operation that underlies the algorithm.

27F algorithm is used to design a wide variety of objects, from wall claddings to bowls, like in the image below.

Each point represents a Chilean locality affected by 27F ear-thquake

Each point generates a polygon. This repre-sents the fragmentation caused by the ear-thquake

The algorithm then connects all the points, pas-sing through the polygon edges, representing the unity of the Chilean people


Material: CristalplantLength: 30 cmWidth: 30 cm Height: 6 cm

Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

09 SOE BAR SHELFRinconada Enjoy, RM, Chi le2011 / gt_2P


Client: ENJOYLocation: Rinconada, RM, Chile

Project: 2011 Construction: April 2011 - May 2011

Materiality: 20mm Plywod (SOE Bar)Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1718

19 SOE BAR SHELFThis shelf was developed inspired by the concept of a tree providing shelter. It is one structure that can be separated into a vertical component and an horizontal one.

The design process was entirely made by parametric algo-rithms, which used a surface as an input and provided the whole set of plan drawings to manufacture the wooden pieces (more than 700) in a CNC Milling Machine.

The algorithm steps can be summarized as follows:

1 - A surface is used as input.2 - Randomly separated planes are generated, perpendi-cular to the surface.3 - The surface is intersected with the planes, and the main wooden beams are obtained.4 - Each beam is paired with the one that precedes it and the one that follows it. Between them, another random al-gorithm generates horizontal surfaces that will receive the bottles.5 - Finally, the algorithm provides the drawings to fabricate each wooden piece, and also calculates de quantity of metallic flat bars and screws needed to mount the shelf.

The shelf is attached to a metallic structure with pillars and beams that are sustained by metallic tensors attached to a reinforced concrete beam


10 CIRCUS BARRinconada Enjoy, RM, Chi le2011 / gt_2P


Client: ENJOYLocation: Rinconada, RM, ChileProject: 2011 Construction: April 2011 - May 2011Materiality: 2mm Thermoformed ABSSoftware: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

FLOW BAR WALL CLADDINGThis wall cladding was designed using the concept of blowing over a surface. The effect that wanted to be achieved was to generate a relief pattern over a wall that gave the impression of a fluid in movement. This was ac-complished through a tiling of a thermoformed plastic pie-ce.

There are six kinds of pieces, each one with a different-height protuberance. The challenge was to make an eye-looking irregular pattern based on a reduced variety of elements to fill the wall with.

The vertical lines unify all the pieces, but most importantly, establish the distance interval within the pieces can be allocated, considering that the vertical stripes have to always match between one cladding and other.

The algorithm which was used to make this product used a mathematical function to decide what kind of piece put in a determined coordinate, using a mix of pseudo random seeds and equations over a surface to determine if a same kind of piece were too close to other another.

The wall cladding is made of thermoformed ABS, based on a CNC cut wooden mold.


11 INFODEMA’S SHOWROOMArauco Towers, Santiago, Chile2010 / gt_2P


Client: InfodemaLocation: Arauco Towers, Santiago, ChileProject: 2010 Construction: Oct. 2010 - Mar. 2011Materiality: 20mm Plywood with 2mm Pino VeneerSoftware: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

This project consists in the arrangements of Infodema’s central offices and showroom. The client main interest was to develop an interior architecture which could show the outstanding possibilities that their products offer to ar-chitecture and construction — Infodema is a wood constructive components retailer.

One of the major issues in Infodema’s facilities was the large amount of techni-cal installations that were hanging from the ceiling. However, that was consid-ered as a chance to develop an innovative solution which could deal with all those elements that could not be modified. The project was approached with parametric design techniques, providing multiple project alternatives. Finally, the chosen one was a undulating ceiling which covered the undesired ele-ments, generating an elegant an sober solution.

As the initial request of Infodema contemplated the use of some of their best materials, it was decided to make a surface with very low curvature radius, which has always been a difficult thing to do with wood. However, Infodema provided their extra thin and flexible Surflex, a double grained wooden veneer which allowed to solve the auto-imposed technical difficulty.

Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld K.

1 - The given condition: Air conditioning, power supply and fire mains.

2 - Development of the surface and structuring based on wooden CNC cut beams

3 - The beams were tied by 20mm plywood, bounding each pair of beams.

3 - All this structure got attached to the reinforced concrete ceiling, using aluminum tensors. Each beam had at least one of them in each end.

Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld K.

12 PINO HACHADO OPEN CONTESTPino Hachado Land Border, IX Region, Chile2010 / gt_2P


1st Place on Open Art ContestClient: Ministry of Public Infraestructure, Government of ChileLocation: Pino Hachado Land Border, IX Region, ChileProject: 2010 Materiality: 6mm aluminium compositeSoftware: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

Located at R-181 Route in Región de La Arau-canía, Chile, 5 km away from the Argentina’s border, is the Pino Hachado Border Crossing Complex. The building houses all the offices re-garding the Chilean borders custody: Interna-tional Police, Customs Service, SAG, Carabine-ros de Chile, CONAF; and it also accomodates some Argentine services of migration and cus-toms, among others. The Departamento de Arquitectura del Ministerio de Obras Públicas, in conjunction with the Comisión Nemesio An-túnez, under the orders of the Gobernación Provincial de Malleco, called a public art con-test oriented to all the chilean artists interested in the development of an art installation in the border crossing complex. The place to be intervened was a vertical pla-ne of 45.0 meters width and 7.88 meters height located 6 meters from the ground inside the building, more specifically at an interior par-king inside the complex.

The project proposes a change from the plain act of “pass by” to the more signifi-cant act of “pass through”- in this case, to pass through the project. As “pass by” is meaningless and automatic, “pass through” is conscientious and active, implying a relation with the context. In this sense, the proposal tries to make the change of scenario explicit- the pass from Argentina to Chile and vice-versa, through a travel across the four lecture layers in the project which requires an involvement of the subject, especially considering that the 45 meter wide intervention is meant to be entirely covered by the subject, as it can’t be seen entirely from just one point. Re-torno Araucano only reveals completely to whom goes through it, across this four level journey, composed by:

I. RepresentIn rebuilding the chronological process of the project’s design, the first step was to catch the natural context of the Pino Hachado Border Crossing Complex. The technique employed was the creation of an image, an abstract composition in-corporating the principal geographic elements present in the zone: The mountain and its glaciers, the araucaria forest, and the lakes and rivers. The main goal in this action is to put the subject in contact with the character of the context, specifically with the araucaria forest

II. RebuildThe second step was to rebuild the experience of the context of the project from the perspective of the Mapuche culture (a native culture from the zone). If the first level of apprehension of reality is and image of it, a second level is the translation of that image to a set of symbols and codes which allow the subject to validate that image in a socio-cultural context. In that sense, rebuilding the image (first level apprehension) to make it a mosaic-like tiling pattern based in the Mapuche culture motifs, present in their geometric work with fabrics, was a logic second step on the design process.

For the construction of the mosaic pattern, the creation of an algorithm was neces-sary. The generative design process allowed the tessellation of the vertical plane (the same plane used to generate the image) using a set of curves. This made the rebuilding process easier and more accurate, but mainly let the design team manipulate and modify the design in real-time, as many times as it were necessary. Variables like the tiling density and distribution were adjusted several times in order to achieve the desired effect.

REPRESENT

REESTRUCTURE

PASS–THROUGH

REBUILD

III. ReestructureThe image created in the first step, rebuilt in a second stage, was restructured with a new algorithm process. This process operated with the first image and with a flat surface. The goal was to modify the surface geometry using information provided by the image – information such as light and shadow levels, shades and tones. The process may seem complex, but it is not: it basically consists on associating every pixel of the image to an (x,y,z) coordinate of the surface. Then, by a set of mathematical and geometric operations, every (x,y,z) coordinate point that determines the surface shape is modified in its position by information provided by its corresponding pixel. For example, every difference in the shading tone of the image is translated to the surface as a deformation on its local z axis. That way, the surface is not flat anymore and it becomes relieved, not randomly but in an intentional way. Out of this procedure a new surface is obtained; this surface is used as input in another algorithm which generates a set of parallel sections that give volume to the intervention, so far flat. This sections, as responding in its generative process to the image, are related to it, so If looked from an oblique angle, it seems that the mountains and the forest were emerging from the image

IV. Pass–Through Finally, the invitation the project makes to the subject is to pass through it - as opposed to just pass by, as mentioned at the beginning. This, because the image underlying the sections can’t be entirely seen from a single spot in the building. In that sense, these sections always hide a part of the project, which can only be revealed by passing through it. By doing this, the project reveals itself step by step, always showing a new aspect of it in each stride, as it happens while passing through an araucaria forest, or while crossing the border between Chile and Argentina.

13 XVII BIENAL CONTEST 27FConcepción, VIII Region, Chile2010 / gt_2P


Client: Ministry of Public Infraestructure + Architects Association of ChileLocation: Concepción, VIII Region, ChileProject: 2010 Work Team: gt_2P + Gonzalo Cavada + Antonia IsaacsonSoftware: Rhino3d + Grasshopper

The proposal for the February 27th earthquake memorial consists in the installation of 51 in-verted pendulums that oscillates with wind. It evocates the Chilean people resilience, their strength to overcome adversity. It is a living monument that occupies the highest area in the Bicentenary Park, at San Pedro de la Paz. It invites the individual to meditation but also to remembering the earthquake through tes-timonies of the people who faced the catas-trophe.

The project is located at the encounter of the reconstruction axis and the bicentenary axis of Concepción. The importance of that pla-ce, led to the creation of a public park, within the memorial is located. They configure a civic square but also a recreational area in front of Bio-Bio River.

These pendulums incorporated a mechanical system to produce energy while bending be-cause of the wind, in order to supply the ener-getic demand of the park luminaries.

CHAITEN

Futaleufu

Quellon

Castro

Ancud

Hornopiren

Calbuco

Puerto Montt

Santa Barbara

Chana

Pumalla

Buill Norte

Ayacura SurAyacura Norte

Dyacard Sur

Palena

Villa Santa Lucia

Puerto Cardenas

El Amarillo

(4.065)(13.656)

(29.148)

(27.292)

(12.165)

(153.118)

(2.406)

(1.153)

(970)

(88)

(69) (79)

(33)

(175)

(170)(99)

(21)

(136)

14 NUEVA CHAITEN OPEN CONTESTS a n t a B á r b a r a , X I R e g i ó n , C h i l e2010


Client: Ministry of Public Infraestructure, Government of ChileLocation: Santa Bárbara, XI Región, ChileProject: 2010 Work Team: Juan Pablo Ugarte + Flavio Sciaraffia

CHAITEN

Futaleufu

Quellon

Castro

Ancud

Hornopiren

Calbuco

Puerto Montt

Santa Barbara

Chana

Pumalla

Buill Norte

Ayacura SurAyacura Norte

Dyacard Sur

Palena

Villa Santa Lucia

Puerto Cardenas

El Amarillo

(4.065)(13.656)

(29.148)

(27.292)

(12.165)

(153.118)

(2.406)

(1.153)

(970)

(88)

(69) (79)

(33)

(175)

(170)(99)

(21)

(136)

City 15000 +hab

City 5001 - 15000 +hab

Town 2001 - 5000 +hab

Village 1001 - 2000 +hab



Hamlet 1 - 300 +hab

Airport

DockHospitalHealth CenterRural ClinicNurseryFire StationPolice StationPolice WardBankHigh SchoolElementary School

Panamerican HighwayAustral HighwayPalena’s InterstateSea Route

1 - 2 hr2 - 4 hr4 - 8 hr+8 hr

TRAVEL TIMES

On May 6th, 2008, the chaiten Volcano erup-ted. As a consequence, the city of Chaiten, located 10km away, resulted completely de-vastated.

In 2010, the Chilean Government called an open contest to develop proposals for Nueva chaitén, located in the opposite slope of Chai-tén Volcano.

The contest had it focus on the development of a susteinable city which included the wishes and desires of Old Chaitén inhabitants who participated in a previous stage of design with the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism.

In that sense, the project centered on a holis-tic proposal for Nueva Chaitén, including not only sustainable design criteria regarding buil-dings and houses, but also incorporating those principles into the conception of the city as a whole, in which is known as Urban Circle Me-tabolism.

Original Photography: www.nuestroclima.org

One of the main aspects to take into consideration while developing a master plan for a city like Nueva Chaitén, is the isolation condition in which it is immersed. There are several aspects in which the isolation can be quantified, like travel times and distances to major cities, autonomy

regarding the supplying of basic goods, the existence of well developed services, access to education and health, among others. In all these cri-teria, Chaitén has a really low score, which means it is a highly isolated human settlement.

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OLD CHAITEN / NEW CHAITEN OLD CHAITEN CURRENT SITUATION

BIO

R.S

HIDRO

A.S

B

CO2 CO2

$ $ $

SISTEMA INTERCONECTADO DERECOLECCIÓN, DRENAJE Y TRATAMIENTONATURAL DE A. LLUVIAS Y AGUAS GRISES

PLANTA A. SERVIDAS TRIPLE FUNCIÓN:TRATAMIENTO AGUAS, PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOGÁSPOR DIGESTIÓN, GENERACIÓN DE BIOSÓLIDOSFERTILIZANTES (RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS DE LADIGESTIÓN)

BAHÍA DE SANTA BÁRBARA

MATRIZ ELÉCTRICA SISTEMA PALENA:PLANTA HIDROELÉCTRICA EN RÍO AZUL

ENERGÍA SOLAR

RELLENO SANITARIOVIEJA CHAITÉN

PLANTA RECICLAJE

MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DEL BOSQUE/ CERTIFICACIÓN DE LEÑA SECA

PLANTA ELÉCTRICA A BIOGÁS

INVERNADEROSBARRIALES

BIOGÁS BIOGÁS BIOGÁS

BALÓN BIOGÁS

BIODIGESTIÓN A.NEGRAS+R.S ORGANICOS=

BIOGÁS

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AGUAS GRISES

AGUAS NEGRAS

LÍMITE URBAN0 NUEVA CHAITÉN

AGUA LIMPIA

AGUA LIMPIA

COM

POST

COM

POST

RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS ORGÁNICOS

AGUA

POT

ABLE

CONTENEDORESBARRIALES

COMBUSTIÓN LEÑA

BIOSÓLIDOS FERTILIZANTES

CRITERIOS EFICIENCIA ENÉRGÉTICA

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FUTA

LEUF

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CAPTACIÓN AGUA POTABLEPOR POZO PROFUNDO EXISTENTE

AGUAS LLUVIAS

DAELEYENDA / RECURSOS

Another diagnosis was made considering Chaiten as a system. This means, consi-dering all the inputs and outputs that it produces. This kind of analysis is frequently known as “cities metabolism”, since it considers them as they were a living entity.

In this sense, Chaitén turned to be a really inefficient city when it came to energy usage and waste recycling.

The image above shows a diagram with the proposed metabolism functioning, incorporating technologies to purify dark waters, recycle wastes and producing bio-energies.

CAMPOS DE LA ENERGiA:Este espacio público condensa el marco conceptual y técnico de lapropuesta. Aqui ocurre la transformación de los residuos odesechos urbanos en en diversas fuentes energéticas -biogás,electricidad, biosólidos fertilizantes- permitiendo el funcionamientometabolico circular de nueva Chaitén. Se plantea como un espaciode interpretación abierto a la comunidad, de manera de dar cuentade este proceso, integrándose a la trama urbana como un lugar deesparcimiento ligado a la naturaleza e infraestructuras urbanas.

A

A'

C'

C

B'

B

PLAZA DE LAS AGUAS CIVICASSi bien el manejo de aguas lluvias es transversal a la propuestageneral, la plaza del campus Camahueto se plantea como unaoportunidad para darle un uso novedoso a las infraestructuras dealmacenamiento de aguas lluvias. Entiendo su versatilidad en cuantoa los usos urbanos asociados a este tipo de obras, se proyecta unlugar con un doble propósito y temporalidad:en primer lugarfunciona como una laguna de retención de aguas lluvias para elmanejo de crecidas y luego como un anfiteatro urbano para lasdiversas manifestaciones de indole ciudadana, las cuales tienenlugar en las zonas de inundación de la laguna.

CAMPUS DEPORTIVO.Este espacio utiliza la topografia para albergar los programasdeportivos y las edificaciones que los albergan. Funciona en dosniveles: el superior posee un circuito peatonal y ciclovía,intercalando zonas de picnic, además de permitir el acceso a lasinstalaciones deportivas. El nivel inferior alberga los programasdeportivos, en un contexto natural rematando en una laguna centralque recoge e infiltra la escorrentia de aguas lluvias inusual queproduce este accidente topográfico artificial.

MIRADOR SOLAR Y COSTANERA.Consiste en un sistema que parte en la plaza cívica, para dar paso a un remate -el mirador solar- el cual funciona como un lugar deinterpretación: en este caso, dar cuenta de la fuente energética solar para el alumbrado urbano. Luego se transforma en un recorrido quebaja por la ladera, recogiendo las vistas de la bahía de Santa Bárbara, llegando a una laguna existente cuya función ecológica principal esla limpieza y regulación de las aguas que escurren y se infiltran en el terreno. La costanera incluye un paseo bordemar flanqueado en susextremos por el mercado de la ciudad y un deck con cocinerías que miran hacia la caleta de pescadores.

PARQUES COMUNITARIOS.Consiste en un lugar central, dentro de los macrolotes, que alberga programas de barrio.En los parques se ubica un equipmaiento mínimo de barrio: la cede social o junta devecinos, un jardín infantil y espacio deportivo y para juegos. Aprovechando el sistema deaguas lluvias y sus infraestructuras de almacenamiento, se decide ocupar los estanques deretención del sistema con espacio deportivo y recreacional en su nivel inferior. Cuando lasprecipitaciones llenan el nivel bajo, aparece una pequeña laguna que aporta otra cualidadpaisajística en periodos de invierno.

INVERNADEROS Y PUNTO LIMPIOA nivel de manzana aparecen estos dosprogramas que son esenciales para elfuncionamiento circular de la propuesta. Sedividen los residuos, llevando los orgánicos a laplanta de compostaje para luego ser devueltosen forma de biosólidos fertilizantes, los cualesse utilizan en el cultivo para autoconsumo dentrode la manzana.

UNIFAMILIAR HOUSE UNIFAMILIAR HOUSE APARTAMENT BUILDING

PROYECTO DE INTEGRACIÓN SOCIAL

FSII DS40 DS40

casa tramo 1 titulo II Subisidio % Programa m2 Agrupamiento Pisos Valor x m2 constr. (UF)SUBSIDIO 320 200 200AHORRO 30 100 100SUBSIDIO AMPLIACION ALTURA (30%) 0 0 0SUBSIDIO LOCALIZACION Y HABILITACIÓN 200 0 0AHORRO FONDO INICIATIVA 0,5 0 0SUBSIDIO FONDO INICIATIVA 7 0 0SUBSIDIO EQUIPAMIENTO 5 0 0CRÉDITO HIPOTECARIO 241,5 550 1400BONO INTEGRACIÓN 0 100 100SUBSIDIO RENOVACIÓN URBANA 0 200 200TOTAL (UF) 562,5 600 600

9

11

13

Características

Mínimo 150 viviendas, 30% FSI/FSII + 30% DS40 T.1+ 40% Libre.

30%

50%

20% 2803 dormitorios 2 baños aislado

70 adosado 3

FSII 3

3 dormitorios 1 1/2 baños

DS40 T.1

DS40 T.2

3 dormitorios 1 1/2 baños

65 adosado

The urban circle metabolism functions in all the scales within the city. This means that for the city to function as a whole, the parts have to work as a part of that whole. The-refore, the most important aspect of the project was to generate housing units which could function like self sustainable clusters.

The whole proposal puts major emphasis in how these basic units of a major system have to work in order to generate a sustainable city when taking all of them together.

It is also important that the most elemen-tal unit within the city — a house — has to function as part of the system. In that sense, three basic house typologies were proposed, to present an economical variety, conside-ring the population of Chaiten’s resources.

grad app portfolio

Documents

land boundaries

land situation

available land

parametric design process

til dftiltil

m2 convention center

land construction regulations

m2 restaurant