grade 11 objective 5. 1during an investigation, students accelerated boxes using different forces...
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Grade 11
Objective 5
1 During an investigation, students accelerated boxes using different forces and then determined the masses of the boxes. What is the mass in grams of a box that requires 0.1 newton to make it accelerate 2 m/s2?
A 50 gB 20 gC 0.05 gD 0.02 g
Students conducting an investigation on forces pushed a box across a smooth floor using different amounts of force.
The students collected the following data:
2 Which of the following calculated values would be the same for all 4 trials?
A AccelerationB PowerC SpeedD Work
TrialsMass of box
(kg)
Distance Box is
Moved (m)Time (s)
1 15 kg 5 m 30 s
2 15 kg 5 m 25 s
3 15 kg 5 m 15 s
4 15 kg 5 m 5 s
3 A ball moving at 30 m/s has a momentum of 15 kg·m/s. The mass of the ball is —
A 45 kgB 15 kgC 2.0 kgD 0.5 kg
4 How much work is performed when a 50 kg crate is pushed 15 m with a force of 20 N?
F 300 JG 750 JH 1,000 JJ 15,000 J
5 If a force of 100 newtons was exerted on an object and no work was done, the object must have —
A accelerated rapidlyB remained motionlessC decreased its velocityD gained momentum
6 The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over her head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much work did she do in raising the barbell?
F 380 JG 982 JH 2,000 JJ 10,000 J
7 A mechanic used a hydraulic lift to raise a 12,054 N car 1.89 m above the floor of a garage. It took 4.75 s to raise the car. Whatwas the power output of the lift?
A 489 WB 1815 WC 4796 WD 30,294 W
Acceleration of anElectrically Powered Bicycle
8 According to this graph, what was the bicycle’s acceleration between 6 and 10 seconds?
A 0.0 m/s 2
B 0.65 m/s 2
C 1.6 m/s 2
D 6.5 m/s 2
9 An advertisement claims that a certain truck has the most powerful engine in its class. If the engine has more power, which of the following can the truck’s engine do, compared to every other engine in its class?
F Produce fewer emissionsG Operate more efficientlyH Perform work fasterJ Accelerate longer
10 What is the net force exerted on a 90.0 kg race-car driver while the race car is accelerating from 0 to 44.7 m/s in 4.50 s?
F 9.8 NG 20 NH 201 NJ 894 N
11 Starting from rest at the center of a skating rink, two skaters push off from each other over a time period of 1.2 s. What is the force of the push by the smaller skater?
F 16 NG 32 NH 88 NJ 100 N
12 A horizontal force of 600 N is used to push a box 8 m across a room. Which of these variables must be known to determine the power used in moving the box?
A The weight of the boxB The potential energy of the boxC The time it takes to move the boxD The length of the box
13 The speed of sound in human tissue is about 1600 m/s. If an ultrasound pulse takes 1.5 × 10 – 5 s to travel through a tissue, what is the thickness of the tissue?
F 2.4 kmG 2.4 mH 24 cmJ 24 mm
14 A 0.500 kg ball with a speed of 4.0 m/s strikes a stationary 1.0 kg target. If momentum is conserved, what is the total momentum of theball and target after the collision?
A 0.0 kgm/sB 0.5 kgm/sC 1.0 kgm/sD 2.0 kgm/s
15 The table contains data for two wrecking balls being used to demolish a building. What is the difference in momentum between the two wrecking balls?
F 300 kgm/sG 200 kgm/sH 150 kgm/sJ 0 kgm/s
Mass
(kg)
Velocity
(m/s)
100 3
150 2
16 A woman lifts a 57-newton weight a distance of 40 centimeters each time she does a particular exercise. It takes her 0.60 second to lift the weight. How much power does she supply for lifting the weight one time?
F 24 WG 34 WH 38 WJ 95 W
17 The 500 g cart is moving in a straight line at a constant speed of 2 m/s. Which of the following must the 250 g toy car have in order to maintain the same momentum as the cart?
F An acceleration of 5 m/s2 for 2 secondsG A potential energy of 20 JH A constant velocity of 4 m/sJ An applied force of 5 N for 5 seconds
18 The table above shows experimental data collected when four cars moved along a straight-line path. According to these data, which car moved with a constant acceleration of 2 m/s2?
A Car QB Car RC Car SD Car T
Velocity
(m/s)
Time
(s)Car Q Car R Car S Car T
1 1 2 2 0
2 2 0 4 1
3 1 2 6 2
4 2 0 8 4
5 1 2 10 8
19 A cyclist moves at a constant speed of 5 m/s. If the cyclist does not accelerate during the next 20 seconds, he will travel —
A 0 mB 4 mC 50 mD 100 m
20 A 1-kilogram ball has a kinetic energy of 50 joules. The velocity of the ball is —
F 5 m/sG 10 m/sH 25 m/sJ 50 m/s
21 The space shuttle orbits Earth at approximately 8000 m/s. The shuttle stays in orbit because the —
A shuttle’s action is balanced by Earth’s equal and opposite reactionB combination of gravity and the shuttle’s inertia creates a curved path parallel to Earth’s surfaceC net gravitational force is zero at the shuttle’s distance from Earth’s centerD force of Earth’s gravity pulls the shuttle downward and the force of the moon’s gravity pulls the shuttle upward
22 The frog leaps from its resting position at the lake’s bank onto a lily pad. If the frog has a mass of 0.5 kg and the acceleration of the leap is 3 m/s2, what is the force the frog exerts on the lake’s bank when leaping?
A 0.2 NB 0.8 NC 1.5 ND 6.0 N
23 Which of these is the best description of the action-reaction force pair when the space shuttle lifts off from the launch pad?
A The ground pushes the rocket up while exhaust gases push down on the ground.B Exhaust gases push down on air while the air pushes up on the rocket.C The rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the exhaust gases push the rocket up.D Gravity pulls the rocket exhaust down while friction pushes up against the atmosphere.
24 After shooting a cannonball, a cannon recoils with a much lower velocity than the cannonball. This is primarily because, compared to the cannonball, the cannon has a —
F much greater massG smaller amount of momentumH greater kinetic energyJ smaller force applied to it
25 How many newtons of force does a 50.0 kg deer exert on the ground because of gravity? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.
26 Which factor would most likely cause a communications satellite orbiting Earth to return to Earth from its orbit?
F An increase in the satellite’s forward momentumG An increase in solar energy striking the satelliteH A decrease in the satellite’s sizeJ A decrease in the satellite’s velocity
27 When the air is released from a balloon, the air moves in one direction, and the balloon moves in another direction. Which statement does this situation best illustrate?
F What goes up must come down.G For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.H The shape and size of an object affect air resistance.J The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
28 The picture above shows the directions in which water leaves this scallop’s shell. Which picture below shows the direction the scallop will move?
A C
B D
29 A wet bar of soap slides 1 meter across a wet tile floor without appearing to slow down. Which of these statements explains why the bar of soap fails to slow down?
F A constant force on an object produces a constant positive acceleration.
G An object in motion tends to remain in motion in the absence of an external force.
H A moving object having constant velocity contains kinetic energy.
J An object’s weight is proportional to its mass.
30 Which of these would cause the gravitational force between Earth and the sun to decrease?
F An increase in the length of a day on EarthG An increase in the distance between Earth and the sunH An increase in the number of planets orbiting the sunJ An increase in the masses of Earth and the sun
31 A hockey player pushed a puck toward the opposite side of a level ice rink. The player expected the puck to continue all the wayacross the ice, but the puck slowed and stopped before reaching the other side. Which of these best explains why the puck failed toslide all the way to the opposite side?
F The puck’s temperature changed.G An upward force acted on the puck.H The puck’s momentum remained unchanged.J An opposing force acted on the puck.
32 The pictures show how an air bag functions in a collision. How much momentum in kg m/s does the air bag absorb from the crash-test dummy if all the crash-test dummy’s momentum is absorbed by the air bag? Record and bubble in your answer to the nearest whole number on the answer document.
33 A leaf from an apple tree falls to the ground more slowly than an apple falls. As an explanation of this observation, the ancientGreeks’ theory of natural place has been replaced by a more recent theory involving gravitational force and —
A atomic weightB inertial massC air resistanceD kinetic energy
34 Which setup would require the least force to move a heavy resistance?
A C
B D
35 What is the efficiency of a pulley system if 25% of the energy applied to the system is converted to heat?
A 100%B 75%C 50%D 25%
36 The diagram shows an electric motor lifting a 6 N block a distance of 3 m. The total amount of electrical energy used by the motor is 30 J. How much energy does the motor convert to heat?
F 9 JG 12 JH 18 JJ 21 J
37 Which lever arrangement requires the least effort force to raise a 500 N resistance?
F H
G J
38 What is the efficiency of an air conditioner if there is a work input of 320 J and a work output of 80 J?
F 4%G 25%H 240%J 400%
39 Which configuration of pulleys and belts shown below will result in the fastest rotation of Spindle 2?
F H
G J
40 Which of these represents a properly balanced system?
A C
B D
41 Which lever requires the least effort to lift the load?
42 The image on the screen is inverted because light rays —
A condense as they pass through the pinholeB travel through the opening in straight linesC refract as they strike the screenD are polarized by the materials of the screen
43 One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an identical fork. The two forks do not touch. The second tuning fork starts to vibratebecause of —
F interferenceG the Doppler effectH resonanceJ standing waves
44 The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar string is determined by the —
A frequency of the vibration producedB strength of the plucking forceC distance between the stringsD shape of the guitar body
45 Which wave has the greatest velocity?
A
B
C
D
46 When trying to spear a fish in water, a person needs to take into account the way light bends as it moves from water into air. The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is known as —
F reflectionG refractionH diffractionJ polarization
Laser Light Striking a DVD
47 When a DVD is read, laser light touches the DVD surface and is then measured at location A. What allows light to return to location A after striking the DVD surface?
F ConductionG RefractionH MagnificationJ Reflection
48 An empty cup was tightly covered with plastic wrap, and a few grains of salt were sprinkled on top of the plastic. When a tuning fork was struck and placed slightly above the plastic wrap, the salt began to move. Which characteristic of waves does the movement of the salt best demonstrate?
A Echo formationB DiffractionC ResonanceD Specular reflection
49 The diagram shows waves approaching a barrier. Which pattern will be formed after the waves pass through the opening in the barrier?
A C
B D
50 A tuning fork with a frequency of 256 Hz vibrates when struck. Because of these vibrations, a nearby tuning fork begins to vibrate without being struck. Which of the following best accounts for the vibration of the second tuning fork?
F ResonanceG PolarizationH DiffractionJ Refraction
51 Diverging lenses are useful to people who suffer from nearsightedness because the lenses can cause images of distant objects to be focused on the retina. Lenses allow images to be focused on the retina because of —
F diffusionG reflectionH diffractionJ refraction
52 A guitar player is seated next to a piano. The piano player strikes an E key on the piano. The guitarist reports that this causes the E string on his guitar to vibrate. What is the name of this phenomenon?
A PolarizationB ResonanceC ReflectionD Diffraction
53 A surface wave generated by an earthquake was recorded at Seismic Station 1. Forty seconds later the same wave was recorded at Seismic Station 2. What accounts for the time difference?
F The origin of the wave is closer to Seismic Station 1.G The speed of the wave decreases with distance.H The wavelength is longer at Seismic Station 2.J The wave frequency increases when the wave passes through soil.
54 Which process best shows the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy?
F Prevailing winds causing windmills to spinG Green plants making their own foodH Uranium producing heat to make steamJ Tides generating electricity
55 What is the potential energy of the rock?
A 59,900 joulesB 64,600 joulesC 93,100 joulesD 121,600 joules
56 Which of the following is an example of solar energy being converted into chemical energy?
F Plants producing sugar during the dayG Water evaporating and condensing in the water cycleH The sun unevenly heating Earth’s surfaceJ Lava erupting from volcanoes for many days
57 Why is the sum of the products’ energy in this reaction less than the sum of the reactants’ energy?
A Energy is given off as heat.B The products absorb available energy.C Energy is trapped in the reactants.D The reactants’ energy is less than the melting point of glucose.
58 An inventor claims to have created an internal combustion engine that converts 100 kJ of chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kJ of mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of conservation of —
F momentumG inertiaH energyJ mass
59 Assuming the chart contains all energy transformations in the Earth system, how much solar radiation goes toward evaporating water?
F 40,000 terajoulesG 92,410 terajoulesH 121,410 terajoulesJ 133,410 terajoules
Solar Radiation and Earth
EffectAmount of Energy
per Second(terajoules)
Solar radiation reaching Earth 173,410
Radiation reflected back into
space52,000
Radiation heating atmosphere,
landmasses, and oceans81,000
Radiation producing winds
and ocean currents370
Radiation used in
photosynthesis40
Radiation resulting in
evaporation of water?
60 According to the equation E = mc2, mass —
F travels at the speed of lightG can be transformed into energyH contains light energyJ is doubled when exposed to light
61 What is the approximate difference in gravitational potential energy of the two shaded boxes?
F 19 JG 39 JH 59 JJ 79 J
62 The temperature of the water increases by 8°C when the metal block is added. Which could cause the temperature of the water to increase by 10°C after the metal block is added?
F Using 500 g of waterG Using a larger beakerH Adding more 20°C waterJ Adding heat to the metal block
Temperature
(°C)
Mass
(g)
Metal Block 120 100
Water 20 400
63 Because ancient Greeks lived close to water, they may have enjoyed a more constant climate than if they had lived inland. Waterwarms up and cools down more slowly than land. This is because of water’s —
F boiling pointG specific heatH melting pointJ specific gravity
64 How much heat is lost by 2.0 grams of water if the temperature drops from 31°C to 29°C? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·°C.
A 4.0 JB 6.2 JC 8.4 JD 16.7 J
65 Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection does not occur in solids because solids are unable to —
A absorb heat by vibratingB transfer heat by fluid motionC emit radiation by reflecting lightD exchange heat by direct contact
66 A solar heater uses energy from the sun to heat water. The heater’s panel is painted black to —
F improve emission of infrared radiationG reduce the heat loss by convection currentsH improve absorption of infrared radiationJ reduce the heater’s conducting properties
67 The moon’s surface becomes hot during the long lunar day because the sun transfers heat to the moon. This heat transfer is
accomplished almost entirely through the process of —
F convectionG refractionH conductionJ radiation
68 In which container is the substance unable to transfer heat by convection?
F H
G J
69 Container P and Container Q each were filled with 0.5 liter of water. The water was heated to 90°C. The table shows the
temperatures after both containers were allowed to cool for 3 minutes. Compared to Container Q, Container P is a better —
A conductorB absorberC radiatorD insulator
Temperatures of Water in
Different Containers
Container
Initial
Temperature
(°C)
Final
Temperature
(°C)
P 90 83
Q 90 76
70 The transfer of heat by the movement of air currents in Earth’s atmosphere is an example of —
A conductionB convectionC radiationD fusion
71 An increase in greenhouse gases is considered harmful because it —
A allows more heat to be trapped in the lower atmosphereB depletes carbon dioxide in the atmosphereC releases energy trapped inside EarthD destroys light energy that plants need for photosynthesis
72 Which of these activities can help conserve natural resources?
F Recycling cardboard boxesG Washing small loads of laundryH Driving large carsJ Building wooden fences
73 In West Texas and Southern California, high winds drive turbines that generate electricity. One advantage that wind energy has over energy generated from solar cells is that wind energy —
A is plentiful everywhereB can be generated at nightC produces cleaner energyD is free of environmental hazards
74 Battery-powered cars produce less air pollution than gasoline-powered cars. However, one environmental concern of usingbattery-powered cars is that batteries —
A are heavier than gasoline enginesB waste more energy than gasoline enginesC contain toxic substances that are difficult to dispose ofD produce direct current rather than alternating current
75 All of these materials can be recycled except —
F aluminumG lumberH glassJ coal
76 This picture shows a small section of a solar power plant. Which of these decreases the energy production at such power plants?
F Cloudy skiesG Ozone in the airH Hot weatherJ Low humidity
77 Which of these produces most of the compounds responsible for causing acid rain?
A Nuclear fissionB Fossil fuelsC Solar cellsD Windmills
78 Before 1992, in order to prevent hydrogen gas from being produced, the zinc powder in some alkaline batteries was covered with mercury. Mercury is toxic to many life-forms. Which of the following best explains how mercury from batteries got into the environment?
A Newly manufactured batteries were transported long distances.B Operating batteries increased the temperature of conductors.C Used batteries discarded in landfills decomposed.D Voltage loss occurred between battery terminals.
79 One economic benefit of using rechargeable batteries instead of disposable batteries is that rechargeable batteries —
F are cheaper to manufactureG can be packaged in small containersH can be used many timesJ generate their own electricity
80 Electric power plants that burn fossil fuels generate billions of tons of carbon dioxide and other gases. How might replacing these power plants with solar cells affect the environment?
A The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere might increase.B Less land might be needed to produce the same amount of
electricity.C Forest fires resulting from highly flammable emissions might be
avoided.D The amount of released gases that trap atmospheric heat might
be reduced.
81 The typical automobile’s kinetic energy is converted to heat energy when the brakes are applied. A braking system that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy instead of heat energy has been designed. The electrical energy can be used later to move the car again. How does a system like this benefit the environment?
F Greater use of solar energyG Ability to harness wind energyH Decreased use of fossil fuelsJ Use of renewable hydroelectricity
82 Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and nickel are often found in landfills and occasionally leach into rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. Such heavy metals are toxic to wildlife and to humans. Which of the following sources of environmental contamination ismost often associated with these heavy metals?
F BatteriesG PlasticsH Automobile exhaustJ Tobacco smoke
83 Which of these is an advantage of producing electricity using solar power plants rather than using coal-fired power plants?
A Solar power plants can operate for about 10 hours per day.B Solar power plants can produce variable amounts of energy.C Solar power plants produce fewer pollutants.D Solar power plants require continuous sunlight.
84 Which of these devices uses the sun’s energy directly?
A WindmillB Hydroelectric damC Nuclear power plantD Photovoltaic cell
85 A company has decided to market itself as environmentally friendly. If the company is going to sell calculators, the use of which energy source would produce the fewest by-products and the least waste?
F Rechargeable batteriesG Solar cellsH Dry-cell batteriesJ Tesla coils
Grade 11
Objective 5
Answer Key
Grade 11 Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct AnswerObjective Measured
Student Expectation Source - item number
1 A 5 IPC 4A 2002 Info Booklet – 14
2 D 5 IPC 4A 2004 Info Booklet – 25
3 D 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 27
4 F 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 42
5 B 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 45
6 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2004 TAKS – 54
7 C 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS – 21
8 A 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS – 41
9 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 12
10 J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 18
11 J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 32
12 C 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 7
13 J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 26
14 D 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 41
15 J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 50
16 H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 22
17 H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 26
18 C 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 49
19 D 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 51
20 G 5 IPC 4A Jul 2006 TAKS – 24
21 B 5 IPC 4B 2004 Info Booklet – 22
22 C 5 IPC 4B 2003 TAKS – 11
23 C 5 IPC 4B Apr 2004 TAKS – 41
24 F 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 12
25 490 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 20
Grade 11 Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct AnswerObjective Measured
Student Expectation Source - item number
26 J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 38
27 G 5 IPC 4B Apr 2006 TAKS – 52
28 D 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS – 11
29 G 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS – 44
30 G 5 IPC 4B Feb 2006 TAKS – 46
31 J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS – 8
32 630 5 IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS – 20
33 C 5 IPC 4B Fall 2005 TAKS – 17
34 C 5 IPC 4D 2002 Info Booklet – 13
35 B 5 IPC 4D 2004 Info Booklet – 23
36 G 5 IPC 4D 2003 TAKS – 48
37 F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2004 TAKS – 46
38 G 5 IPC 4D Jul 2004 TAKS – 10
39 H 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 22
40 C 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 29
41 F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 50
42 B 5 IPC 5B 2004 Info Booklet – 21
43 H 5 IPC 5B 2003 TAKS – 32
44 A 5 IPC 5B Apr 2004 TAKS – 55
45 B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS – 7
46 G 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS – 14
47 J 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS – 6
48 C 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS – 17
49 B 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS – 3
50 F 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS – 32
Grade 11 Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct AnswerObjective Measured
Student Expectation Source - item number
51 J 5 IPC 5B Feb 2006 TAKS – 24
52 B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2006 TAKS – 39
53 F 5 IPC 5B Fall 2005 TAKS – 42
54 G 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS – 14
55 C 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS – 41
56 F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 12
57 A 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 37
58 H 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 48
59 F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 52
60 G 5 IPC 6A Oct 2005 TAKS – 52
61 G 5 IPC 6A Feb 2006 TAKS – 38
62 J 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS – 8
63 G 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS – 18
64 D 5 IPC 6B 2004 Info Booklet – 24
65 B 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS – 43
66 H 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS – 50
67 J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS – 8
68 J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS – 42
69 D 5 IPC 6B Jul 2004 TAKS – 43
70 B 5 IPC 6B Jul 2006 TAKS – 13
71 A 5 IPC 6B Fall 2005 TAKS – 27
72 F 5 IPC 6D 2003 TAKS – 54
73 B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2004 TAKS – 45
74 C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS – 49
75 J 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS – 54
Grade 11 Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct AnswerObjective Measured
Student Expectation Source - item number
76 F 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS – 4
77 B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS – 37
78 C 5 IPC 6D Oct 2005 TAKS – 39
79 H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 2
80 D 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 13
81 H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 16
82 F 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 44
83 C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 9
84 D 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 19
85 G 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 28