Grammar

Grammar Teaching

• Attributive Clause Revision

(定语从句复习 )

•

The Amber Room 1. as a gift of friendship2. made of 7000 tons of amber,also made with gold and jewels3. 600 candles lit the room, its mirrors and pictures shone like gold

The Great Wall

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by man! There is always a saying “He who does not reach The Great Wall is not a true man ”

Potala Palace

Potala Palace

1. He who does not reach The Great Wall is not a true man.

2. We are all dreaming of Potala Palace, which is a beautiful and mysterious place.

定语从句

The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句

The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句

Differences: A. In written form

B. In function( 功能）

C. In Antecedent( 先行词 )

D. In the Relative Pronouns( 关系代词 )

A. In written form

1. Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history.

2. Mr. Black is the man who rescued me from the river.

• 1.The book, which I have read three times, is very interesting.

• 2. This is the car which we bought last week.

1. The 10th NingBo Fashion Festival which lasted four days made a great achievement.

2. Last week, a splendid performance combining fashion and dance was put on in NingBo, which attracted hundreds of citizens.

C. In Antecedent( 先行词 )

D. In the Relative Pronouns( 关系代词 )

He failed in the exam, that made his mother angry.

×

He failed in the exam, which made his mother angry.

The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.

which 在从句中作宾语 , 但不能省略

She married a man, whom she met on the bus.

作宾语时不能与 who 替换，也不可省略

形式 作用 能否省略 翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句

插入成分

修饰限定

补充解释 能

不能 …. 的

• Correcting Errors:

• 1.The boy got 100 marks for English which made his parents very happy.

• 2. My father who works hard every day is over fifty.

• 3. Beijing which is the capital of China is very beautiful.

,

,

,

Exercise 1: join the pairs of sentences using that,which, who, whose, where, when without commas （逗号） .

2. The woman remembered the day. She saw Nazis burying something near her home.

3. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and moving it away. You are talking to an old man.

1. Here are the farmers. They discovered the underground city last month.

Here are the farmers who / that discovered the underground city last month.

The woman remembered the day when she saw Nazis burying something near her home.

The old man (who / whom / that) you are talking to saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and moving it away.

1. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city. It was once called Leningrad.

2. I don’t remember the soldier. He told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.

3. My grand father was a child then. People didn’t pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days.

Exercise 2 : join the pairs of sentences using that,which, who, whose, where, when with commas.

1. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leningrad.

2. I don’t remember the soldier, who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.

3. People didn’t pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days, when my grand father was a child.

三步定位法１ . 找先行词，辨清人和物

２ . 确定关系词在从句中的作用

３ . 确定关系词

指人 指物 指事件

主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语

that

which

who

whom

whose

as

when

where

why

√ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √√ √√ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √

√√

√

√

√√

先行词和关系词的关系

A plane is a machine that can fly.

The boy who broke the window is called Tom.

The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.

The school where I study is far from my home.

the machine = that

the boy =who

the boy’s =whose

in the school = where

关系代词实际上是先行词的复指

关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格

关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词

1. The driver________ took me to the station was friendly2. The letter _______ I received are from my friends.3. That is the store______ I do my shopping.4. I’ll never forget the days ___I was staying with you.5. He did all / everything ______he could to help me.6. This is the first thing _______ I want to say.7. Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate?8.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _______ made others upset.9.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.10.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.11.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.

that/which

whose

wherewhenthat

thatthat

Excesice3: 用适当的关系词填空who/that

whichwhich

whom

1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. 2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late. 6.This is the reason ____________ he gave.

when /in which

which/that

where/ at which

which

why/ for which

that/which

几种易混的情况

及物动词

及物动词

及物动词

对比一：

非限制性定语从句和单句的比较

2.He failed in the exam. _______ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.

4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.

Thiswhich

whomthem

× that

1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.which

对比二：

as 引导的非限制性定语从句（１）

The earth is round._____ 　　 is known to all.

The earth is round,_____ is known to all.

_____ is known to all, the earth is round

______ is known to all that the earth is round.

It ／Ｔ his

as

As

It

as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected

定语从句在句首时只能用 as,

对比三：

as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)

This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.

This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.

as

that

Please complete the following sentences and compare:

as

that

这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。 ( 定语从句 )

这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。 ( 结果状语从句 )

对比四：

对比五：　　　　其他句型A 1. It was seven o’ clock____ we got home.

2. .It was at seven o’ clock____ we got home

B 1. It was the store_____ I bought the gift.

2. It was in the store_____ I bought the gift.

C 1.The news ______ he told me was very surprising.

2. The news____ she married an old man was very surprising.

D 1. Please make a mark____ you have a question.

2. Please make a mark at the place____ you have a question

when

that

where

that

that/which

that

where

where

Homework一 . write a short passage Describe your favorite cultural relics using at

least three attributive clause.

二 .Ｄ o exercise one and three on p.3 and p.4