grammer... · 2020. 4. 6. · 1 teacher : ................................. date :...

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Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................

Book : The Grammarian ...The Journey Begins, Part-6

Chapter : The Sentence

Chapter Chapter-based AssessmentNo.1. Choose the correct option

Identify simple or compound sentences Identify compound or complex sentencesLearner’s Drill Writing of sentences based on the given pictures

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of the sentence. They will also know the classification of sentences onthe basis of ‘Function’—Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Exclamatory Sentences, and on the basis of‘Structure’—Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences.

2. Materials Needed:Blackboard, chalk, duster, student notebooks, computer with the Internet

3. Procedure to Open the Lesson: Begin by writing a sentence on the board. Ask students if they know what kind of sentence it is. Ask for

volunteers to come to the board and classify different kinds of sentences on the bases of ‘function’ and‘structure’. Have a discussion with students about the essential features of a sentence such as subjectand predicate, beginning a sentence with a capital letter, ending a sentence with a punctuation mark, anappropriate word order of a meaningful sentence, etc. Explain meaning of new and difficult words.

Ask students different kinds of sentences and the bases of their classification. Can they rememberthem all?

The teacher can also use a flow chart to explain the classification of sentences.

The teacher will show the complete lesson to the students by using ‘Friends Smart Class Software’.

Lesson Plan THE GRAMMARIAN ...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins

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4. Body of the Lesson:

The teacher explains–

The definition of the sentence

The appropriate word order of a meaningful sentence

Classification of sentences

Coordinating conjunctions—and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet, still, etc.

Subordinating conjunctions—after, before, because, if, that, as, though, till, when, etc.

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘the sentence’ using audio-visual aids.

6. Assessment and Evaluation:

The students will write the answers to the exercises at the end of the chapter in their notebooks. The evaluationof these notebooks will help the teacher understand the level of comprehension of each student in regard tothe chapter.

7. Modification and Differentiation:

For homework, students can collect example sentences for each type of sentences.

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ASSESSMENT

Time - 30 min. Max. Marks : 12

Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 4(i) Imperative Sentences (a) Statements(ii) Exclamatory Sentences (b) Commands(iii) Assertive Sentences (c) Questions(iv) Interrogative Sentences (d) Sudden feelings

2. Fill in the blanks: 4

(i) Main clause is also known as ................................. clause .

(ii) A simple sentence contains only one main .................................... .

(iii) Exclamatory sentence expresses sudden and strong ........................ .

(iv) An assertive sentence makes a ........................... .

3. Mark ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements: 4

(i) A complex sentence contains two or more main clauses.

(ii) An interrogative sentence asks a direct question.

(iii) Compound sentences are joined together by a subordinating conjunction.

(iv) Sentences can be classified into different types mainly on the bases of Function and Structure.

Ch.1-The Sentence

Teacher’s Signature: .......................................... Parent’s Signature: ........................................

THE GRAMMARIAN ...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins

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WORKSHEETCh.1-The Sentence

GRAMMAR

1. Identify the kind of sentence (Assertive / Interrogative / Imperative / Exclamatory) in the following:

(i) We do not play every day. ______________________

(ii) Please join us for dinner. ______________________

(iii) Never give up hope. ______________________

(iv) How cold it is! ______________________

(v) It is foolish to waste time like this. ______________________

(vi) What are you expecting from me? ______________________

(vii) We do not play every day. ______________________

(viii) Do not stay out at night. ______________________

(ix) He will never forget the experience. ______________________

(x) What a lovely sight it is! ______________________

2. Identify the following sentences as Simple, Compound or Complex:

(i) It was careless of him to make a mistake.

(ii) My new watch does not keep good time.

(iii) You will get the prize if you deserve it.

(iv) He did not want to go to the dentist, yet he went anyway.

(v) I did not see Amit today because he was playing football.

(vi) They are slow but they are sure.

(vii) A rolling stone gathers no moss.

(viii) I like tea and she likes coffee.

(ix) Harish reads magazines and newspapers.

(x) Answer the first question before you proceed further.


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VOCABULARY

1. Change the following Adjectives into Abstract Nouns:

(i) Simple ________________________________

(ii) Sudden ________________________________

(iii) Strong ________________________________

(iv) Finite ________________________________

(v) Dirty ________________________________

(vi) Intelligent ________________________________

(vii) Different ________________________________

(viii) Independent ________________________________

(ix) Beautiful ________________________________

(x) Factual ________________________________

2. Write Antonyms for the following words:

(i) Often ________________________________

(ii) Subordinate ________________________________

(iii) Fact ________________________________

(iv) Simple ________________________________

(v) Dirty ________________________________

(vi) Make ________________________________

(vii) Direct ________________________________

(viii) Sudden ________________________________

(ix) Open ________________________________

(x) Function ________________________________

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TEST PAPER THE GRAMMARIAN ...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins...The Journey Begins

Ch.1-The Sentence

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick () the correct option.

1. Which of the following is a coordinating conjunction?

(a) and

(b) but

(c) or (d) all of these

2. A compound sentence contains:

(a) one main clause (b) two main clauses

(c) two or more main clauses (d) none of these

3. A sentence is a group of words which makes complete:

(a) formation (b) substance

(c) sense (d) definition

4. Which of the following is not a subordinating conjunction?

(a) if (b) before

(c) beacuse (d) yet

5. ‘You will pass if you work hard’ is a:

(a) simple sentence (b) compound sentence

(c) complex sentence (d) exclamatory sentence

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6. A complex sentence is made up of one main clause, and one or more:

(a) coordinate clauses (b) relative clauses

(c) subordinate clauses (d) none of these

7. An interrogative sentence asks a:

(a) direct question (b) indirect question

(c) tag-question (d) none of these

8. ‘I was annoyed, still I kept quiet’ is a:

(a) simple sentence (b) compound sentence

(c) complex sentence (d) imperative sentence

9. Which of the following sentences is not classified on the basis of ‘structure’?

(a) simple (b) imperative

(c) compound (d) complex

10. A simple sentence has:

(a) one finite verb (b) two finite verbs

(c) one non-finite verb (d) none of these

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PROJECT WORK


Write assertive sentences using each of the following ‘verb patterns’:Pattern-1

Subject verb indirect object direct object

(i) My friend told me the whole story

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

(viii)

(ix)

(x)

Pattern-2

Subject verb preposition prepositional object

(i) They are waiting for the train

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

(viii)

(ix)

(x)

Ch.1-The Sentence

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ANSWERS

Assessment

1. (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (a) (iv) (c)

2. (i) independent (ii) clause (iii) feelings (iv) statement

3. (i) F (ii) T (iii) F (iv) T

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) Interrogative (ii) Imperative

(iii) Imperative (iv) Exclamatory(v) Assertive (vi) Interrogative(vii) Assertive (viii) Imperative(ix) Assertive (x) Exclamatory

2. (i) Simple (ii) Simple(iii) Complex (iv) Compound(v) Complex (vi) Compound(vii) Simple (viii) Compound(ix) Simple (x) Complex

Vocabulary:1. (i) Simplicity (ii) Suddenness

(iii) Strength (iv) Finity(v) Dirt (vi) Intelligence(vii) Difference (viii) Independence(ix) Beauty (x) Fact

2. (i) Seldom (ii) Central, Major, Chief(iii) Fiction (iv) Difficult , Complex(v) Clean (vi) Unmake(vii) Indirect (viii) Gradual(ix) Shut (x) Dysfunction

Test Paper1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)

Project WorkDo it yourself.

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Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Subject and Predicate

Chapter Chapter-based AssessmentNo.

2. Tick () the correct option. Separate subject and predicate in the sentences. Add suitable subjects to the predicates. Supply suitable predicates to the subjects. Match the subjects in column A with suitable predicates in column B.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the two parts of a sentence—subject and predicate, and how to find the subject of asentence.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson:

Begin by writing a sentence on the board. Ask the students if they know what kind of sentence it is, andalso ask them to divide it into two parts— subject and predicate.

Ask students what the two parts of a sentence are, and how they are identified.




Two main parts of a sentence– subject and predicate

How to find the subject of a sentence


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The position of the subject in a sentence

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about the two parts of a sentence— subject and predicate—usingaudio-visual aids.




For homework, students can collect assertive and interrogative sentences, and divide them intosubject and predicate.

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ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 4(i) The dentist (a) flew through the meadow.(ii) The police officer (b) are playing outside.(iii) The children (c) pulled out a tooth.(iv) The colourful butterfly (d) arrested a burglar.


(i) In the sentence, ‘The dewdrops sparkled in the morning sunlight’, the predicate part is......................... .

(ii) In imperative sentences, the subject is ...................................... .

(iii) The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about is called the ....................................of the sentence.

(iv) The part which tells something about the subject is called the .............................. of the sentence.


(i) We can easily find the subject of a sentence by asking the question - ‘who’? or ‘what’?

(ii) The subject of a sentence is never put after the predicate.

(iii) The sentence ‘Stand up’ implicates ‘you stand up’.

(iv) Every sentence has two parts– subject and predicate.

Ch.2-Subject and Predicate



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WORKSHEETCh.2-Subject and Predicate

GRAMMAR

1. Separate the subject and predicate in the following sentences:

Subject Predicate(i) The red fox jumps over the low fence. ................. ...................................

(ii) Charles Dickens’s novels are still popular today. ................. ...................................

(iii) The Yamuna River flows through Agra. ................. ...................................

(iv) My friends and I watched a movie on Sunday. ................. ...................................

(v) The ozone hole over Antarctica is getting larger every year. ................. ...................................

(vi) The children in the park are playing cricket. ................. ...................................

(vii) The students studied hard for the test. ................. ...................................

(viii) Her clothes were covered with mud. ................. ...................................

(ix) The brown spider spun a beautiful web. ................. ...................................

(x) The brown cow grazed in the meadow. ................. ...................................

2. Match the subjects in column ‘A’ with the suitable predicates in column ‘B’:

(i) Knowledge about dinosaurs (a) include the highest mountains in the world.

(ii) Penguins (b) blew away his hat.

(iii) Oceanic evaporation (c) donated millions to charity.

(iv) Rose water (d) possesses highly developed sense organs.

(v) The Himalayas (e) was famously described by William Harvey in 1628.

(vi) Philanthropists (f) has traditionally been used for fuel.

(vii) Wood (g) are a well-known example of flightless birds.

(viii) The whistling wind (h) is derived from a variety of fossil and non-fossil records.

(ix) Most fish (i) is the source of most rainfall.


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VOCABULARY

1. Use any two suitable adjectives with each of the following nouns:

(i) .................................. .................................. man

(ii) .................................. .................................. thing

(iii) .................................. ................................. bridge

(iv) .................................. ................................. game

(v) .................................. ................................. bird

(vi) .................................. ................................. hermit

(vii) .................................. ................................. hill

(viii) .................................. ................................. sun

(ix) .................................. ................................. river

(x) .................................. ................................. child

2. Write the part of speech to which the following words belong:

(i) about .................................

(ii) or .................................

(iii) brightly .................................

(iv) flows .................................

(v) occasionally .................................

(vi) river .................................

(vii) usually .................................

(viii) something .................................

(ix) and .................................

(x) shines .................................

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TEST PAPER





1. The part which tells something about the subject is called:

(a) subject

(b) predicate

(c) complement (d) clause

2. The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about is called:

(a) subject (b) object

(c) predicate (d) complement

3. In the sentence, ‘Shut the front door’, the implied subject may be:

(a) I (b) you

(c) he (d) they

4. Which of the following is an imperative sentence?

(a) They go there. (b) Do not go there.

(c) Do they go there? (d) Do they not go there?

5. In the sentence , ‘A barking sound the shepherd hears’, the subject is:

(a) a barking (b) sound

(c) the shepherd (d) hears

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6. In the sentence, ‘Thank you’, the implied subject may be:

(a) I (b) he

(c) you (d) they

7. In the sentence, ‘Sweet are the uses of adversity’, the subject is:

(a) sweet (b) the uses

(c) adversity (d) the uses of adversity

8. Supply suitable predicate to the proverb —‘Too many cooks ................................ :

(a) spoil the food (b) spoil the meal

(c) spoil the dish (d) spoil the broth

9. In imperative sentences, the subject is:

(a) used first (b) used at last in a sentence

(c) left out (d) none of these

10. We can easily find the subject of a sentence by taking the verb and asking the question—

(a) who? or how? (b) who? or what?

(c) who? or when? (d) none of these

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PROJECT WORK


Two nouns joined by and are called ‘compound subjects’. They are treated as plural, and take a pluralverb. If the nouns suggest one idea to the mind, the verb is singular. Some compound subjects with theirpredicates are given below. Add more compound subjects to the list with their use in sentences.

(i) Bread and butter is my breakfast.

(ii) Fire and water do not agree.

(iii) Gold and silver are precious metals.

(iv) Honour and glory is her reward.

(v) Justic and mercy must go together.

(vi) Knowledge and wisdom have of times no connection.

(vii) Speed and accuracy are top of the list.

(viii) Time and tide wait for no man.

(ix) .........................................................................................................................................................

(x) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xi) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xii) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xiii) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xiv) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xv) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xvi) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xvii) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xviii) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xix) .........................................................................................................................................................

(xx) .........................................................................................................................................................


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ANSWERS

Assessment1. (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (a)

2. (i) sparkled in the morning sunlight (ii) left out(iii) subject (iv) predicate

3. (i) T (ii) F (iii) T (iv) T

WorksheetGrammar:1. Subject Predicate:

(i) The red fox jumps over the low fence.(ii) Charles Dickens’s novels are still popular today.(iii) The Yamuna River flows through Agra.(iv) My friends and I watched a movie on Sunday.(v) The ozone hole over Antarctica is getting larger every year.(vi) The children in the park are playing cricket.(vii) The students studied hard for the test.(viii) Her clothes were covered with mud.(ix) The brown spider spun a beautiful web.(x) The brown cow grazed in the meadow.

2. (i) (h) (ii) (g) (iii) (i) (iv) (j) (v) (a)(vi) (c) (vii) (f) (viii) (b) (ix) (d) (x) (e)

Vocabulary:1. (i) handsome, tall man (ii) basic, essential thing

(iii) high, narrow bridge (iv) good, final game(v) migratory, predatory bird (vi) holy, wise hermit(vii) rocky, steep hill (viii) rising, blazing sun(ix) long, mighty river (x) naughty, small child

2. (i) about ............ preposition (ii) or ............ conjunction(iii) brightly ............ adverb (iv) flows ............ verb(v) occasionally ............ adverb (vi) river ............ noun(vii) usually ............ adverb (viii) something ............ pronoun(ix) and ............ conjunction (x) shines ............ verb

Test Paper1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c)

6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b)


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Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Phrases and Clauses


3. Identify the phrases and clauses in the given sentences. Use the given phrases and clauses to make sentences.Learner’s Drill Make five phrases using the idea given in the picture and make sentences using those

phrases.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know about the definition of phrases, the definition of clauses and the use of phrases andclauses.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson:••••• Begin by writing a few phrases and clauses on the board. Ask the students if they can differentiate

between the examples of the two of them. Ask for volunteers to come to the board and write ‘C’ in frontof clauses and ‘P’ in front of phrases.

••••• Explain the definitions of phrases and clauses to the students along with their distinctions.••••• Explain the uses and method of usage of phrases and clauses to the students.••••• Explain the meanings of new and difficult words to the students.


The teacher explains– The definition of the phrase


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Usage of the phrase Some commonly used phrases The definition of the clause Usage of the clause Some commonly used clauses Differences between phrases and clauses Identification of phrases and clauses Sentence formation using phrases and clauses

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about phrases and clauses using audio-visual aids.




For homework, students can also learn about the various kinds of phrases such as verb phrases, prepositionalphrases, etc. Students can also collect example sentences for each type of phrases.

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ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) A ............................. is a part of a sentence containing both a subject and a predicate.

(ii) A ............................. is a group of words making incomplete sense.

(iii) ‘In the evening’ is an example of a ............................. .

(iv) ‘Who played with us yesterday’ is an example of a ............................. .

2. Use the following phrases to make sentences: 4

(i) in the river ...................................................................................................................

(ii) at sunset ...................................................................................................................

(iii) at night ...................................................................................................................

(iv) in the morning ...................................................................................................................

3. Identify the subordinate clause in the following sentence and write it in the space provided: 4

(i) The man who is standing there is our principal. .........................................................................

(ii) We cannot leave home while it is raining. .........................................................................

(iii) One who keeps his word is trusted by all. .........................................................................

(iv) I spilled my food while eating in my room. .........................................................................

Ch.3-Phrases and Clauses



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WORKSHEETCh.3-Phrases and Clauses

GRAMMAR

1. Make sentences using the clauses given below:

(a) which was badly needed .................................................................................................

(b) where I was born .................................................................................................

(c) the people in the city .................................................................................................

(d) the time for departing .................................................................................................

(e) which has a broken handle .................................................................................................

2. Underline the phrases in the given sentences:

(a) We will be back in a few days. .........................................................................................

(b) The lion was killed by the hunter. .........................................................................................

(c) We gave some money to the beggar. .........................................................................................

(d) I had an argument with my sister. .........................................................................................

(e) I gave the car keys to my father .........................................................................................


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VOCABULARY

Given below is a list of commonly used phrases. Match them with their meanings:

(i) again and again / over and over (a) improving; succeeding

(ii) by and by (b) completely

(iii) down and out (c) moving in circles

(iv) in and out (d) repeatedly ; very often

(v) off and on (e) intermittently; now and then

(vi) on and on (f) active; doing the things you usually do

(vii) out and about (g) after a short and/or undetermined period of time

(viii) out and out (h) thorough; down to the last detail

(ix) round and round (i) backwards and forwards; to and fro

(x) up and about (j) no longer in bed (after sleep or an illness)

(xi) up and down (k) continuing for a long time

(xii) up and up (l) (of a person) without money, a job, or a place to live

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1. A group of words making incomplete sense is called a …………………………:

(a) clause (b) idiom

(c) phrase (d) all of the above

2. A group of words forming a part of a sentence is called a …………………………:

(a) clause (b) phrase

(c) idiom (d) none of the above

3. A ………………………… contains both a subject and a predicate:

(a) idiom (b) clause

(c) phrase (d) all of the above

4. ………………………… is an example of a phrase:

(a) in the evening (b) through the roof

(c) over the top (d) all of the above

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5. ………………………… is not an example of a phrase:

(a) who help themselves (b) under the tree

(c) in the river (d) two hours ago

6. In the sentence ‘Don’t use your mobile while I am talking’, the underlined portion is a/an.....………… .


(c) phrase (d) none of the above

7. In the sentence ‘The train will leave in the evening’, the underlined portion is a/an ………………… .

(a) idiom (b) phrase

(c) clause (d) all of the above

8. In the sentence ‘She has a ring of gold’, the underlined portion is a/an .............................. .


(c) phrase (d) proverb

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PROJECT WORK


PAIRS OF ADJECTIVES

English has many phrases which contain two adjectives joined together by and. The following listincludes the most frequently occurring pairs with their meanings. You are required to use thesephrases in sentences. You can take help of a good dictionary or the Internet.

Phrase Meaning Use in Sentence

1. black and blue having dark marks on one’sskin as a result of being hit ___________________________________

2. fair and square with absolute accuracy ___________________________________

3. free and easy informal and relaxed ___________________________________

4. great and small of all sizes, or types ___________________________________

5. high and dry without resources or help ___________________________________

6. high and low everywhere ___________________________________

7. high and mighty very proud ___________________________________

8. null and void invalid ___________________________________

9. rough and ready not exact, only approximate ___________________________________

10. short and sweet brief but pleasant or relevant ___________________________________


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ANSWERS

Assessment1. (i) clause (ii) phrase (iii) phrase (iv) clause

2. (i) The water in the river is very dirty. (ii) We headed for home at sunset.

(iii) I usually stay up late at night. (iv) The school conducts assembly in the morning.

3. (i) who is standing there (ii) while it is raining

(iii) who keeps his word (iv) while eating in my room

WorksheetGrammar:1. (a) The letter brought money which was badly needed.

(b) I remember the house where I was born.(c) The people in the city are habitual of confined spaces.(d) The time for departing has now arrived.(e) The car which has a flat tyre is mine.

2. (a) in a few days(b) by the hunter(c) to the beggar(d) with my sister(e) to my father

Vocabulary:

1. (d) 2. (g) 3. (l) 4. (h)5. (e) 6. (k) 7. (f) 8. (b)9. (c) 10. (j) 11. (i) 12. (a)

Test Paper1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d)5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c)


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Lesson Plan

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapters : ‘Affirmative and Negative Sentences’, and ‘Formation of Interrogative Sentences’


4. & 5. Tick () the correct option. Write the given negative sentences in another way. Change the negative sentences into affirmative sentences. Fill in the blanks with the question words how, who, what or which. Change the given statements into questions. Tickle your brains and write wh-questions for each balloon.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definitions of affirmative and negative sentences. They will also learn how tochange an affirmative sentence into a negative or interrogative sentence.



••••• Begin by writing two pairs of sentences—the first pair should show how an affirmative sentence ischanged into a negative sentence, and the second pair should show how an assertive sentence (statement)is changed into an interrogative sentence. Ask students if they know how an affirmative sentence ischanged into a negative sentence containing various verb forms. Ask for volunteers to come to theboard, and describe formation of negative and interrogative sentences containing various verb forms.Explain meaning of new and difficult words.

••••• The teacher will show the complete lesson to the students by using ‘Friends Smart Class Software’.


The teacher explains—

Definitions of affirmative and negative sentences


2

Formation of negative sentences

Formation of interrogative sentences

Kinds of interrogative sentences: Yes/No interrogatives, Wh-questions

Question tags

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘formation of negative and interrogative sentences using audio-visual aids.


Students will provide evidence in their notebooks what they learnt. The teacher will be able to assessthe student’s understanding by looking at their definitions of negative and interrogative sentences, and alsocorrect formation of these sentences.


For homework, students can learn about formation of ‘negative imperative’ in the following way—

Do + not + verb + object

Example:

1. Go there. (imperative)

Do not go there. (negative imperative)

2. Open the door. (imperative)

Do not open the door. (negative imperative)

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ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Fill in the blanks: 4(i) A sentence which agrees with a statement is called an ......................... sentence.

(ii) A sentence which has ‘no’ or ‘not’ in it, is called a ......................... sentence.

(iii) In interrogative sentences, the helping verb is placed before the ......................... .

(iv) Yes / No interrogatives are used to form questions which elicit a ......................... which is eitheryes or no.


(i) The contractions such as doesn’t, won’t, etc. are mainly used in written English.

(ii) The auxiliary verb ‘did’ is used in the formation of the ‘past simple’.

(iii) Question tags are short questions added at the end of statements, mainly in spoken English.

(iv) An assertive question tag is used after an assertive statement.

3. Change the following affirmative sentences into negative sentences: 4

(i) He looks happy. ....................................................................

(ii) They arrived in the morning. ....................................................................

(iii) They were thirsty. ....................................................................

(iv) They have promised to pay higher wages. ....................................................................

Ch.4-5- ‘Affirmative and Negative Sentences’, and ‘Formation of Interrogative Sentences’



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WORKSHEETCh.4-5- ‘Affirmative and Negative Sentences’, and ‘Formation of Interrogative Sentences’

GRAMMAR

1. Change the following affirmative sentences into negative sentences:

(i) My friend writes short stories. ...................................................................

(ii) He gave me a glass of milk. ...................................................................

(iii) She speaks English fluently. ...................................................................

(iv) This medicine is cheap. ...................................................................

(v) John has fallen ill. ...................................................................

(vi) We waited at the station. ...................................................................

(vii) The rumour seems true. ...................................................................

(viii) They seemed interested in the offer. ...................................................................

(ix) It was a brilliant idea. ...................................................................

(x) They looked at the pictures on the wall. ...................................................................

2. Change the following statements into questions:

(i) Switzerland is known for its scenic beauty. ..................................................................

(ii) They told him to practise regularly. ..................................................................

(iii) It rained yesterday. ..................................................................

(iv) He had a bath. ..................................................................

(v) The beauty of nature is beyond description. ..................................................................

(vi) She was in the kitchen. ..................................................................

(vii) They are coming for dinner. ..................................................................

(viii) She sings a sweet song. ..................................................................

(ix) He was very gentle. ..................................................................

(x) The boys applauded the players. ..................................................................


5

VOCABULARY

Six negative prefixes are given below. Make four words using each of these prefixes.

(i) a- (an-) : ......................................... .........................................

: ......................................... .........................................

(ii) anti- : ......................................... .........................................

: ......................................... .........................................

(iii) dis- : ......................................... .........................................

: ......................................... .........................................

(iv) in- (il-, im-, ir) : ......................................... .........................................

: ......................................... .........................................

(v) non- : ......................................... .........................................

: ......................................... .........................................

(vi) un- : ......................................... .........................................

: ......................................... .........................................

6

TEST PAPERCh.4-5- ‘Affirmative and Negative Sentences’, and ‘Formation of Interrogative Sentences’



1. A sentence which agrees with a statement is called a/an:

(a) affirmative sentence

(b) simple sentence

(c) imperative sentence (d) exclamatory sentence

2. A sentence which has ‘no’ or ‘not’ in it, is called a:

(a) complex sentence (b) exclamatory sentence

(c) interrogative sentence (d) negative sentence

3. ............................. such as doesn’t, haven’t, etc. are mainly used in conversation:

(a) abbreviations (b) acronyms

(c) contractions (d) initialisms

4. Two negative words in the same sentence turns the sentence into a/an ......................................... .

(a) affirmative sentence (b) negative sentence

(c) complex sentence (d) compound sentence

5. In interrogative sentences, the helping verb is placed before the:

(a) complement (b) object

(c) subject (d) none of these


7

6. Auxiliary verb ............................. is used in the formation of the ‘past simple’.

(a) do (b) does

(c) did (d) none of these

7. ‘Yes/No Interrogatives’ are introduced by a/an:

(a) auxiliary verb (b) regular verb

(c) transitive verb (d) non-finite verb

8. ‘Wh-Interrogatives’ are introduced by a wh-word such as:

(a) what (b) when

(c) who (d) all of these

9. Question tags are short questions used mainly in:

(a) functional English (b) literary English

(c) spoken English (d) written English

10. In an affirnative sentence, the question tag will be:

(a) negative (b) positive

(c) assertive (d) imperative

8

PROJECT WORK


Change the following affirmative sentences into negative sentences, and interrogative sentences:

1. The business is expanding rapidly.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

2. She can dance very well.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

3. They arrived in the morning.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

4. This table is very heavy.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

5. They have promised to pay higher wages.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

6. My friend has a new book.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

7. The crowd was very big.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

8. They will learn a new language.

________________________________________________________________________(Negative)

_____________________________________________________________________(Interrogative)

Ch.4-5- ‘Affirmative and Negative Sentences’, and ‘Formation of Interrogative Sentences’

9

ANSWERS

Assessment

1. (i) affirmative (ii) negative (iii) subject (iv) response

2. (i) F (ii) T (iii) T (iv) F

3. (i) He does not look happy (ii) They did not arrive in the morning(iii) They were not thirsty (iv) They have bot promised to pay higher wages

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) My friend doe not write short stories. (ii) He did not give me a glass not milk.

(iii) She does not speak English fluently. (iv) This medicine is not cheap.(v) John has not fallen ill. (vi) We did not wait at the station.(vii) The rumour does not seen true. (viii) They did not seem interested in the offer.(ix) It was not a brilliant idea. (x) They did not look at the pictures on the wall.

2. (i) Is switzerland known for its scenic beauty. (ii) Did they tell him to practise regulary.(iii) Did it rain yesterday. (iv) Did he have a bath.(v) Is the beauty of nature beyond description. (vi) Was she in the kitchen.(vii) Are they coming for dinner. (viii) Dose she sing a sweet song.(ix) Was he very gentle. (x) Did the boys applaud the players.

Vocabulary:(i) ahistorical, anarchy (ii) antidepressant, antisocial

atypical, anhydrous antisubmarine, antibiotic(iii) disabled, disaffected (iv) insecure, illegal

disapprove, discourage imprudent, irregular(v) non-essential, non-fiction (vi) unkind, unholy

non-ability, non-toxic untrue, unnatural

Test Paper

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (a)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Noun : Kinds of Nouns


6. Tick () the correct option. Choose one word (noun) from the box to substitute each of the given groups of words. Put the given collective nouns in the blanks below. Match the collective nouns with their proper meaning. Classify the underlined nouns in the given sentences. Pick the odd one out in the given lists of words. Form the abstract nouns. Fill in the blanks using suitable abstract noun from the box.Learner’s Drill Solve the crossword puzzle by filling collective nouns. Label each picture with its kind of nouns. Write countable and uncountable nouns for any fifteen letters of the alphabet.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of ‘noun’, and kinds of nouns with examples.



Begin by writing the definition of ‘noun’. Also classify different kinds of nouns with examples. Ask forvolunteers to come to the board, and give at least five examples of collective nouns or abstract nouns.Explain meaning of new and difficult words.


Lesson Plan


2



The definition of ‘noun’

Kinds of nouns with examples

Formation of abstract nouns from adjectives, verbs and common nouns

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘kinds of nouns’ using audio-visual aids.


Students will provide in their notebooks what they learnt. The teacher will be able to assess the student’sunderstanding by looking at their definition of ‘noun’, and classification of nouns with examples.


For homework, students can compile lists of collective and abstract nouns with their meanings.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 4

(i) Proper Noun (a) beauty, mercy

(ii) Common Noun (b) bunch, flock

(iii) Collective Noun (c) India, Asia

(iv) Abstract Noun (d) city, river


(i) A .................. is the name of a person, place, animal, thing or idea.

(ii) The first letter of a .................. noun is always written with a capital letter.

(iii) A .................. noun is the name of a group of things or persons of the same kind, taken together anddescribed as one whole.

(iv) An .................. noun is the name of a quality, action or state which we can only think of or feel about,but can neither see nor touch.


(i) A common noun is a specific name of a person, place or thing.

(ii) A collective noun denotes undivided whole.

(iii) A material noun stands for the matter or substance of which things are made.

(iv) Abstract nouns include the names of arts and sciences such as grammar, music, physics,chemistry, etc.

Ch.6-The Noun : Kinds of Nouns

Teacher’s Signature: ............................................... Parent’s Signature: .....................................


4

WORKSHEET


GRAMMAR

1. Fill in the blanks using suitable collective noun from the box.

bunch choir crew fleet flockherd jury mob regiment swarm

(i) She put all the flowers together in one big .................... .(ii) There is a black sheep in every .................... .(iii) The fishing .................... is in harbour.(iv) The .................... reached a unanimous verdict of ‘not guilty.’(v) A .................... of bees flew into the garden.(vi) The .................... disbanded when the war was over.(vii) A .................... of cattle had strayed into the road.(viii) He joined the .................... of a large fishing boat.(ix) The police kept the .................... under control.(x) The church .................... is singing tonight.

2. Recognize the underlined word, and write whether it is proper, common, collective, material orabstract noun:

(i) The committee voted to reelect him chairman. ______________________________

(ii) The city had scarcely changed in 20 years. ______________________________

(iii) They have travelled widely in Asia. ______________________________

(iv) There were cows grazing beside the river. ______________________________

(v) Laughter is the best medicine. ______________________________

(vi) She appealed to the judge to have mercy on her brother. ______________________________

(vii) These chairs are made of wood. ______________________________

(viii) This town is famous for its beautiful buildings. ______________________________

(ix) I received the hospitality of the family. ______________________________

(x) William Wordsworth wrote lyric poetry. ______________________________


5

VOCABULARY

FORMATION OF ABSTRACT NOUNS

Form the abstract nouns from the following words:

(i) From ‘adjectives’:

able ..................................... beautiful .....................................

brave ..................................... different .....................................

hungry ..................................... kind .....................................

long ..................................... honest .....................................

strong ..................................... wise .....................................

(ii) From ‘common nouns’:

brother ..................................... child .....................................

friend ..................................... leader .....................................

man ..................................... member .....................................

mother ..................................... neighbour .....................................

scholar ..................................... slave .....................................

(iii) From ‘verbs’:

act ..................................... appear .....................................

behave ..................................... believe .....................................

employ ..................................... grow .....................................

invite ..................................... know .....................................

laugh ..................................... speak .....................................

6





1. A ................ is a name of a person, place, animal, thing or idea.

(a) noun (b) pronoun

(c) conjunction (d) interjection

2. Which of the following is a kind of nouns?

(a) proper noun (b) common noun

(c) abstract noun (d) all of these

3. The first letter of a proper noun is always written by a ................ letter.

(a) big (b) capital

(c) large (d) small

4. A/An ................ noun is a specific name of a person, place or thing.

(a) abstract (b) common

(c) proper (d) material

5. Which of the following is an example of common noun?

(a) bunch (b) India

(c) mercy (d) city

7

6. Examples of collective nouns are:

(a) Lucknow, Bihar, India, Asia (b) army, bunch, crowd, flock

(c) cloth, paper, rubber, wood (d) bravery, flight, movement, youth

7. A ................ noun stands for the substance of which things are made.

(a) collective (b) common

(c) abstract (d) material

8. A/An ................ noun is the name of a quality, action or state which we can only think of or feelabout, but can neither see nor touch.

(a) abstract (b) common

(c) proper (d) collective

9. A ................ noun denotes ‘undivided whole’, and hence the verb is singular, but when referring theindividuals in a group, the verb is plural.

(a) proper (b) common

(c) collective (d) material

10. Abstract nouns can be formed from:

(a) adjectives (b) common nouns

(c) verbs (d) all of these

8

PROJECT WORK


ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

‘One word substitution’ is a verbal ability by which a group of words or a full sentence is replacedwith a single word without creating any ambiguity or any change in meaning.

Choose word from the box to substitute each of the following groups of words:

alumnus arbitrator ascetic bilingual centenarian convalescent cosmopolitanmercenary pedestrian pacifist pilgrim vagabond veteran volunteer

(i) a person fluent in two languages ______________________________

(ii) a person who wanders from place to place withouta home or job ______________________________

(iii) a person primarily motivated by personal gain ______________________________

(iv) a former student, especially a male one, of a school,college, or university ______________________________

(v) an independent person officially appointed to settle a dispute ______________________________

(vi) someone who does work without being paid for it ______________________________

(vii) a person who believes that war and violence areunjustifiable ______________________________

(viii) a person who is recovering after an illness ______________________________

(ix) someone who has experience of many different parts ofthe world ______________________________

(x) a person who journeys to a sacred place for religiousreasons ______________________________

(xi) a person who has had long experience in a particular field ______________________________

(xii) a person who renounces material comforts ______________________________

(xiii) a person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle ______________________________

(xiv) a person who is hundred or more years old ______________________________


9

ANSWERS

Assessment

1. (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (a)

2. (i) noun (ii) proper (iii) collective (iv) abstract

3. (i) F (ii) T (iii) T (iv) T

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) bunch (ii) flock (iii) fleet (iv) jury

(v) swarm (vi) regiment (vii) herd (viii) crew(ix) mob (x) choir

2. (i) collective (ii) common (iii) proper (iv) common(v) abstract (vi) abstract (vii) material (viii) common(ix) collective (x) proper

Vocabulary:

(i) ability, beautiful (ii) brotherhood, childhood (iii) action, appearancebravery, difference friendship, leadership behaviour, beliefhunger, kindness manhood, membership employment, growthlength, honesty motherhood, neighbourhood invitation, knowledgestrength, wisdom scholarship, slavery laughter, speech

Test Paper1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)

6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (d)

Project Work(i) bilingual (ii) vagabond (iii) mercenary (iv) alumnus (v) arbitrator(vi) volunteer (vii) pacifist (viii) convalescent (ix) cosmopolitan (x) pilgrim(xi) veteran (xii) ascetic (xiii) pedestrian (xiv) centenarian

1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Noun : Gender


7. Tick () the correct option. Write the opposite gender of the given nouns. Rewrite the sentences, replacing each underlined noun with a noun of the opposite gender.Word Game Search the relationship (aross, down, or diagonally) in the word grid, and write the opposite

gender for each. Complete the word ladder using the given clues.Learner’s Drill Give opposite gender of the given nouns choosing your answer from the word bank.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of ‘gender’, and kinds of gender. They will also learn about ways offorming the feminine of nouns.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson: Begin by writing some pairs of masculine and feminine nouns on the board such as boy - girl, cock - hen,

etc. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and describe different ways of forming the feminine ofnouns with examples. Explain meaning of new and difficult words.




The definition of ‘gender’


2

Kinds of gender in English.

Different ways of forming the feminine of nouns:

(i) by adding -ess

(ii) by using an entirely different word

(iii) by changing a word before or after

Some nouns of the common gender

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘gender’ using audio-visual aids.


Students will provide in their notebooks what they learnt. The teacher will be able to assess the student’sunderstanding by looking at their definition of ‘gender’, and ways of forming the feminine of nouns.

7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, student can compile a comprehensive list of pairs of masculine and feminine nouns in alphabeticalorder.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) masculine gender (a) chair, table, pen, bottle

(ii) feminine gender (b) artist, baby, child, officer

(iii) common gender (c) sister, niece, vixen, duck

(iv) neuter gender (d) master, author, bull, cock


(i) ........................ tells us whether a noun represents a male, female or neither of the two.

(ii) A noun that refers to either a male or a female is said to be of the ........................ gender.

(iii) A noun that refers to a non-living thing which is neither male nor female is said to be of the........................ gender.

(iv) We can form the ........................ of nouns by adding -ess.


(i) A noun that refers to a male is said to be of the masculine gender.

(ii) We cannot form the feminine of nouns by using an entirely different word.

(iii) The ‘feminine gender’ is sometimes applied to objects remarkable for beauty, gentlenessand gracefulness.

(iv) All material nouns, abstract nouns and collective nouns are of neuter gender.

Ch.7-The Noun : Gender

Teacher’s Signature: ............................................... Parent’s Signature: ............................................


4

WORKSHEETCh.7-The Noun : Gender

GRAMMAR

Rewrite the following sentences by replacing each underlined noun with a noun of the oppositegender:

(i) Our host greeted us at the door.

(ii) He adopts his nephew as his heir.

(iii) She outlived her husband by twenty years.

(iv) The actress is walking at a brisk pace.

(v) A quietly efficient manservant brought them coffee.

(vi) A waitress offered them the menu.

(vii) The tiger leapt at the hunter.

(viii) The landlady was a kind, homely woman.

(ix) He was riding a large grey stallion.

(x) The bridegroom was late for the ceremony.

(xi) She has been a widow for ten years.

(xii) Crowds of people lined the streets to welcome their hero.

(xiii) The servant attends on his master.

(xiv) The duke is expected to attend the ceremony.

(xv) She is the greatest living poetess.

(xvi) We set a trap to catch a fox.

(xvii) A single wild drake was swimming and diving.

(xviii) We once watched a lion hunting a zebra.

(xix) I have a big black dog.

(xx) The buck fled into the forest.


5

VOCABULARY

Write the opposite gender of the following nouns:

(i) beau _________________________

(ii) buck _________________________

(iii) bullock _________________________

(iv) colt _________________________

(v) drake _________________________

(vi) emperor _________________________

(vii) fox _________________________

(viii) gander _________________________

(ix) hart _________________________

(x) heir _________________________

(xi) lord _________________________

(xii) master _________________________

(xiii) monk _________________________

(xiv) nephew _________________________

(xv) patron _________________________

(xvi) ram _________________________

(xvii) stag _________________________

(xviii) steward _________________________

(xix) uncle _________________________

(xx) waiter _________________________

6

TEST PAPER





1. .................... tells us whether a noun represents a male, female or neither of the two.

(a) case (b) gender

(c) number (d) person

2. Which of the following is a kind of gender in English language?

(a) masculine gender (b) feminine gender

(c) neuter gender (d) all of these

3. A noun that refers to a male is said to be of the .................... gender.

(a) masculine (b) feminine

(c) common (d) neuter

4. A noun that refers to a non-living thing is said to be of the .................... gender.

(a) common (b) masculine

(c) neuter (d) feminine

5. Which of the following is a way of forming the feminine of nouns?

(a) by adding -ess (b) by using an entirely different word

(c) by changing a word before or after (d) all of these

7

6. Which of the following is a word of feminine gender?

(a) czar (b) duke

(c) belle (d) fox

7. Which of the following is a word of masculine gender?

(a) doe (b) drake

(c) sow (d) vixen

8. Which of the following is a word of common gender?

(a) heir (b) friend

(c) niece (d) table

9. Which of the following objects is treated as masculine?

(a) time (b) summer

(c) winter (d) all of these

10. Which of the following objects is treated as feminine?

(a) death (b) peace

(c) sun (d) none of these

8

PROJECT WORK


COMMON GENDER

A noun that refers to either a male or a female is said to be of the ‘common gender’. A list ofcommonly used words of common gender is given below. Add other words of common gender to thelist with the help of a good dictionary.

1. child (son or daughter)

2. fowl (cock or hen)

3. horse (stallion or mare)

4. parent (father or mother)

5. peafowl (peacock or peahen)

6. rabbit (buck or doe)

7. sheep (ram or ewe)

8. sibling (brother or sister)

9. spouse (husband or wife)

10. swan (cob or pen)

11. ............................................................................................

12. ............................................................................................

13. ............................................................................................

14. ............................................................................................

15. ............................................................................................

16. ............................................................................................

17. ............................................................................................

18. ............................................................................................

19. ............................................................................................

20. ............................................................................................


9

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) (d) (ii) (c) (iii) (b) (iv) (a)2. (i) gender (ii) common (iii) neuter (iv) feminine3. (i) T (ii) F (iii) T (iv) T

WorksheetGrammar:

(i) Our hostess greeted us at the door.(ii) He adopts his niece as his heiress.(iii) He outlived his wife by twenty years.(iv) The actor is walking at a brisk pace.(v) A quietly efficient maidservant brought them coffee.(vi) A waiter offered them the menu.(vii) The tigress leapt at the huntress.(viii) The landlord was a kind, homely man.(ix) He was riding a large grey mare.(x) The bride was late for the ceremony.(xi) She has been a widower for ten years.(xii) crowds of people lined the streets to welcome their heroine.(xiii) The servant attends on his mistress.(xiv) The duchess is expected to attend the ceremony.(xv) He is the greatest living poet.(xvi) We set a trap to catch a vixen.(xvii) A single wild duck was swimming and diving.(xviii) We once watched a lioness hunting a zebra.(xix) I have a big black bitch.(xx) The doe fled into the forest.

Vocabulary:(i) belle (ii) doe (iii) heifer (iv) filly(v) duck (vi) empress (vii) vixen (viii) goose(ix) roe (x) heiress (xi) lady (xii) mistress(xiii) nun (xiv) niece (xv) patroness (xvi) ewe(xvii) hind (xviii) stewardess (xix) aunt (xx) waitress

Test Paper1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (b)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Adjective


8. Tick () the correct option. Pick out the adjectives and state their kinds. Fill in the blanks with the proper form (comparative or superlative) of the adjective. Rewrite the sentences using appropriate adjectives.Learner’s Drill : Write any two adjectives to describe each of the given nouns. Match the title to the current Guinness World Records.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:

The students will know the definition of the ‘adjective’. Attributive and predicative uses of adjectives Kinds of adjectives The correct use of some adjectives Comparison of adjectives



Begin by writing a few adjectives of different kinds on the board. Ask students if they know what kindsof adjectives these are. Ask volunteers to come to the board and classify different kinds of adjectives.Have a discussion with students about the correct use of some adjectives. Explain meaning of new anddifficult words.

Ask students different kinds of adjectives. Can they remember them all?

The teacher can also use a flow chart to explain the classification of adjectives.


2




The definition of the ‘adjective’

Use of adjectives in two different ways–attributively and predicatively

Kinds of adjectives with examples

Correct uses of some adjectives, such as:

(i) some, any, (ii) each, every,

(iii) little, a little, the little, (iv) few, a few, the few

Three degrees of comparison of adjectives : positive degree, comparative degree, and superlative degree

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about different kinds of adjectives using audio-visual aids.


The students will write the answers to the exercises given at the end of the chapter in their notebooks. Theevaluation of these notebooks will enable the teacher to understand the level of comprehension of each studentin regard to the chapter.


For homework, students can learn different ways of formation of adjectives, such as:

(i) Formation of adjectives from nouns:

Nouns Adjectiveshope hopefulstorm stormy

(ii) Formation of adjectives from verbs:

Verbs Adjectivestalk talkativemove moveable

(iii) Formation of some adjectives from other adjectives:

Adjectives Adjectivestragic tragicalwhole wholesome

3


ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) Demonstrative Adjective (a) honest

(ii) Distributive Adjective (b) some

(iii) Adjective of Quality (c) that

(iv) Adjective of Quantity (d) each


(i) The word ‘some’ is used normally in .................................. sentences.

(ii) An adjective is a word used to .................................... something to the meaning of a noun.

(iii) Adjectives change in form to show.....................................

(iv) The word ‘every’ is used only in speaking of more than......................................... .


(i) ‘A few’ has a positive meaning and is opposed to ‘none’.

(ii) The positive degree of an adjective is the simplest form of the adjective.

(iii) Distributive adjectives show that the persons or things from a group are taken one at a time.

(iv) When adjectives are used before the noun they describe, they are called predicative.

Ch.8-The Adjective


4

WORKSHEET

Ch.6-The Adjective

GRAMMAR

1. Pick out the adjectives and state their kinds:

(i) She did not eat any rice. ...................................................

(ii) Every student in the class was encouraged to take part ...................................................in the competition.

(iii) There were many students in class. ...................................................

(iv) Monday is the first day of the week. ...................................................

(v) Every student in the class was encouraged to take part ...................................................in the competition.

(vi) Which book on gardening do you recommend? ...................................................

(vii) He has little intelligence. ...................................................

(viii) This is an extremely expensive car. ...................................................

(ix) She did not eat any rice. ...................................................

(x) There were many students in class. ...................................................

2. Fill in the blanks with proper form of the adjective (comparative or superlative degree):(i) That was the .................................... meal I have ever eaten. (bad)(ii) This man is ............................. than that. (tall)(iii) Who is the ........................... person in your country? (powerful)(iv) Iron is ............................ than any other metal. (useful)(v) The novel was ................................... than the film. (interesting)(vi) John is the .................................... person that I know. (nice)(vii) Which of these two books is the ...........................................? (good)(viii) This question is ....................................... than the last one. (tough)(ix) I have not heard the ............................ news. (late)(x) This puzzle is the ............................... in the whole book. (easy)


5

VOCABULARY

1. Use any two suitable adjectives with each of the following nouns:

(i) ..................................... ..................................... help

(ii) ..................................... ..................................... cloth

(iii) ..................................... ..................................... day

(iv) ..................................... ..................................... hair

(v) ..................................... ..................................... road

(vi) ..................................... ..................................... milk

(vii) ..................................... ..................................... knowledge

(viii) ..................................... ..................................... house

(ix) ..................................... ..................................... city

(x) ..................................... ..................................... dog

2. Change the following nouns into adjectives:

(i) nation ................................................................

(ii) friend ................................................................

(iii) person ................................................................

(iv) boy ................................................................

(v) rose ................................................................

(vi) week ................................................................

(vii) book ................................................................

(viii) knowledge ................................................................

(ix) information ................................................................

(x) health ................................................................

6


Ch.8-The Adjective



1. Which of the following has the same form when used as possessive adjective and possessive pronoun?

(a) my (b) our

(c) his (d) your

2. When more than two things are compared, we use the:

(a) positive degree (b) comparative degree

(c) superlative degree (d) none of these

3. Which of the following cannot be used as an ‘adjective’:

(a) kindly (b) likely

(c) manly (d) clearly

4. Which of the following is an adjective of quality?

(a) little (b) many

(c) honest (d) that

5. Which of the following is a distributive adjective?

(a) each (b) every

(c) either (d) all of these

7

6. When adjectives are used before the noun they describe, they are called:

(a) predicative (b) attributive

(c) indicative (d) imperative

7. ‘Each’ is used in speaking of:

(a) one thing (b) two things

(c) two or more things (d) none of these

8. Which of the following is not the positive degree of an adjective?

(a) well (b) most

(c) bad (d) little

9. An adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a:

(a) noun (b) verb

(c) adverb (d) conjunction

10. Which of the following cannot be used as an interrogative adjective?

(a) what (b) which

(c) whose (d) why

8

PROJECT WORK


COLLECTIVE ADJECTIVES

Collective adjectives are a subgroup of nominal adjectives or adjectives that act as nouns. They arepreceded by the article ‘the’. They are used to refer to a group of people based on a characteristicthat they share. For example:

The rich should help the poor.This sentence is another way of saying, ‘‘Rich people should help poor people’’.

Some common collective adjectives are given below. You are required to use them in sentences.

1. the aged : The hospital was built to meet the needs of the aged.

2. the blind : ____________________________________________________________

3. the brave : ____________________________________________________________

4. the elderly : ____________________________________________________________

5. the hardworking : ____________________________________________________________

6. the homeless : ____________________________________________________________

7. the injured : ____________________________________________________________

8. the innocent : ____________________________________________________________

9. the intelligent : ____________________________________________________________

10. the meek : ____________________________________________________________

11. the mighty : ____________________________________________________________

12. the poor : ____________________________________________________________

13. the rich : ____________________________________________________________

14. the righteous : ____________________________________________________________

15. the sick : ____________________________________________________________

16. the strong : ____________________________________________________________

17. the weak : ____________________________________________________________

18. the wealthy : ____________________________________________________________

Ch.8-The Adjective

9

ANSWERS

Assessment

1. (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (a) (iv) (b)

2. (i) affirmative (ii) add (iii) comparison (iv) two

3. (i) T (ii) T (iii) T (iv) F

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) her — Possessive Adjective

(ii) these — Demonstrative Adjective(iii) big — Adjective of Quality(iv) first — Adjective of Number(v) every — Distributive Adjective(vi) which — Interrogative Adjective(vii) little — Adjective of Quantity(viii) expensive — Adjective of Quality(ix) any — Adjective of Quantity(x) many — Adjective of Number

2. (i) worst (ii) taller (iii) most powerful (iv) more useful(v) more interesting (vi) nicest (vii) better (viii) tougher(ix) latest (x) easiest

Vocabulary:1. (i) generous, financial (ii) coarse, woollen

(iii) auspicious, memorable (iv) blond, curly(v) broad, muddy (vi) pasteurized, skimmed(vii) general, practical (viii) spacious, ancestral(ix) historic, industrial (x) pet, stray

2. (i) national (ii) friendly (iii) personal (iv) boyish(v) rosy (vi) weekly (vii) bookish (viii) knowledgeable(ix) informative (x) healthy

Test Paper1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (d)6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (b)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Articles


9. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the as needed. Put () where no article is needed. Insert articles wherever needed and rewrite the given sentences. Complete the given passage by using articles appropriately. Spot the incorrect articles in the sentences below and rewrite them using correct ones. Fill in the gaps with the correct article: the / a / an / - (if no article).

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of ‘article’. They will also learn about uses of definite and indefinitearticles, and omission of the article.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson: Begin by writing ten words : five with a consonant sound, and another five with a vowel sound. Ask

students to use indefinite articles a or an with them. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and explainsome rules related to the use of definite article ‘the’ with examples.




Definition of ‘article’

Kinds of articles : indefinite (a/an), definite (the)

Use of the indefinite article


2

Use of the definite article

Omission of the article

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘articles’ using audio-visual aids.


Students will provide in their notebooks what they learnt. The teacher will be able to assess the student’sunderstanding by looking at their definition of ‘article’, and also correct uses of indefinite and definite articles.

7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can make a list of rules related to the use of the definite article ‘the’ with examples.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) The words a or an, and the are called ................................ .

(ii) Articles belong to a group of words called ........................... .

(iii) The article a or an is a weakened form of .......................... .

(iv) The article the is a weakend form of .................................. .


(i) The article ‘a’ or ‘an’ is called indefinite because it does not refer to any particular personor thing.

(ii) Article a or an is used before singular countable nouns.

(iii) The definite article the is not used before names of mountain ranges.

(iv) The article can be used with names of meals and relations.

3. Use article a or an before the following words: 4

(i) .................... uniform

(ii) .................... year

(iii) .................... umbrella

(iv) .................... hour

Ch.9-Articles



4

WORKSHEETCh.9-Articles

GRAMMAR

1. Fill in the blanks with articles a/an or the as needed:

(i) He recited a verse from ................ Bible.

(ii) ................ first step to virtue is to abstain from vice.

(iii) The salesperson gave him ................ bottle of ink.

(iv) Sunrise over ................ Himalayas is a magnificent sight.

(v) The shell of ................ egg is easily broken.

(vi) He is ................ tallest amongst his classmates.

(vii) He wanted ................ heir to carry on the family name.

(viii) Your local library will be ................ useful source of information.

(ix) I again heard the call of ................ owl.

(x) ................ Sahara Desert is ................ natural barrier between North and Central Africa.

2. Underline the incorrect articles used in the sentences below, and rewrite them using correct ones:

(i) The Agra Fort is an Unesco World Heritage site. ______________________________

(ii) Birds of the feather flock together. ______________________________

(iii) You cannot judge the book by its cover. ______________________________

(iv) Honesty is a best policy. ______________________________

(v) An apple a day keeps a doctor away. ______________________________

(vi) Rome was not built in the day. ______________________________

(vii) She plays a piano very well. ______________________________

(viii) He has got a MA in English. ______________________________

(ix) A first element of success is the determination to succeed. ______________________________

(x) This is a happiest moment in my life. ______________________________


5

VOCABULARY

Match the following nouns with their synonyms:

(i) ability (a) emotion

(ii) bondage (b) integrity

(iii) bravery (c) companionship

(iv) determination (d) virtuousness

(v) feeling (e) capacity

(vi) freedom (f) pleasure

(vii) friendship (g) resolve

(viii) goodness (h) liberty

(ix) happiness (i) slavery

(x) honesty (j) valour

(xi) judgement (k) illness

(xii) magnificence (l) sagacity

(xiii) power (m) triumph

(xiv) poverty (n) theft

(xv) satisfaction (o) splendour

(xvi) sickness (p) astonishment

(xvii) stealing (q) penury

(xviii) surprise (r) contentment

(xix) victory (s) strength

(xx) wisdom (t) verdict

6

TEST PAPER


Ch.9-Articles



1. The words a or an, and the are called:

(a) articles (b) particles

(c) interjections (d) numbers

2. Articles belong to a group of words called:

(a) conjunctions (b) determiners

(c) interjections (d) prepositions

3. The article ‘a’ or ‘an’ is called ..................... because it does not refer to any particular person or thing.

(a) definite (b) indefinite

(c) infinite (d) none of these

4. The article ‘the’ is a .................... form of ‘that’.

(a) comprehend (b) shortend

(c) strengthened (d) weakened

5. Article ‘an’ is used before a word beginning with a:

(a) vowel sound (b) consonant, but have a vowel sound

(c) silent ‘h’ (d) all of these

7

6. The definite article ‘the’ is used with:

(a) cardinal numbers (b) ordinal numbers

(c) natural numbers (d) prime numbers

7. The article is omitted before:

(a) proper nouns (b) names of meals

(c) names of relations (d) all of these

8. Article a or an is used before ................... nouns.

(a) plural (b) singular countable

(c) uncountable (d) proper

9. With which of the following nouns can the word ‘a’ be used?

(a) eye (b) owl

(c) uniform (d) umbrella

10. With which of the following nouns can the word ‘an’ be used?

(a) ewe (b) unit

(c) one-rupee coin (d) inkpot

8

PROJECT WORK


There are many words or phrases in English that are always used with the definite article ‘the’. A list ofsuch words or phrases is given below. Add more words to the list with the help of a good dictioncry or theInternet.

1. the Alps : a large mountain range in Europe

2. the Bible : the Christian scriptures

3. the Big Bang : the large explosion that many scientists believe created the universe

4. the deep : the sea or the ocean

5. the Himalayas : a long range of mountains in southern Asia

6. the Pacific Ocean : the world’s largest ocean

7. the Philippines : a country in Southeast Asia

8. the Redeemer : Jesus Christ

9. the Sahara : a very large desert in North Africa

10. the solar system : the sun and all the planets that move around it

11. the United Nations : an international organization

12. the United States of America : a country in North America

13. _______________________________________________________________________________

14. _______________________________________________________________________________

15. _______________________________________________________________________________

16. _______________________________________________________________________________

17. _______________________________________________________________________________

18. _______________________________________________________________________________

19. _______________________________________________________________________________

20. _______________________________________________________________________________

Ch.9-Articles

9

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) article (ii) determiners (iii) one (iv) that2. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F (iv) F3. (i) a (ii) a (iii) an (iv) an

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) the (ii) the (iii) a (iv) the

(v) an (vi) the (vii) an (viii) a(ix) an (x) the, a

2. (i) a (ii) a (iii) a (iv) the(v) the (vi) a (vii) the (viii) an(ix) the (x) the

Vocabulary:(i) (e) (ii) (i) (iii) (j) (iv) (g)(v) (a) (vi) (h) (vii) (c) (viii) (d)(ix) (f) (x) (b) (xi) (t) (xii) (o)(xiii) (s) (xiv) (q) (xv) (r) (xvi) (k)(xvii) (n) (xviii) (p) (xix) (m) (xx) (l)

Test Paper

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (d)6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Pronoun


10. Tick () the correct option. Fill in the blanks with suitable personal pronouns. Change the coloured words into pronouns. Correct the sentences by writing suitable pronouns in place of coloured words. Fill in the correct form of the interrogative pronouns. Identify reflexive and emphatic pronouns in the sentences. Join together the pairs of word-groups by means of appropriate relative pronouns to

make sentences. Fill in the blanks with appropriate pronouns in the conversation.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of the pronoun, and different kinds of pronouns.



Begin by writing a few sentences on the board. Ask the students to point out different pronouns used inthem. Ask for volunteers to come to the board and write a few examples of different kinds of pronouns.

Ask all the students to make a chart of personal pronouns in their notebooks.




The definition of the ‘pronoun’

Lesson Plan


2

Kinds of pronouns

Forms of personal pronouns

Some rules for using personal pronouns

Differences a between possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about different kinds of pronouns with example sentences usingaudio-visual aids.




For homework, students can collect example sentences for each kind of pronouns.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) Reciprocal pronouns (a) all, some, few, none

(ii) Personal pronouns (b) who, whose, whom, that, which

(iii) Relative pronouns (c) each other, one another

(iv) Indefinite pronouns (d) I, we, you, they


(i) After ‘let’, we use ............................... case of pronouns.

(ii) The noun used before a relative pronoun is called its .................................... .

(iii) A word that is used instead of a noun is called a .......................................... .

(iv) A pronoun must be of the same number and gender as its ............................ .


(i) ‘What’ as a relative pronoun comes without an antecedent.

(ii) Pronouns are used to avoid the repetition of nouns.

(iii) When all three singular pronouns are used in a sentence, we follow the order: firstperson—second person—third person.

(iv) Relative pronoun ‘which’ is used for persons only.

Ch.10-The Pronoun

Teacher’s Signature: .......................................... Parent’s Signature: ..................................


4

WORKSHEETCh.10-The Pronoun

GRAMMAR

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable personal pronouns:(i) He rang Mary and invited ........................ to dinner.(ii) Our mother gave ............................... some sweets.(iii) The two men could receive punishment if .............................. are convicted.(iv) My family and ........................... live in a big city.(v) She has one son and she adores ........................... .(vi) Why are ............................. not doing your homework?(vii) Pick up your toys and put ....................................... away.(viii) My uncle asked my brother and ....................... to dinner.(ix) ............................. is a sunny day.(x) Our children are definitely better behaved than ............................. .

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns:

(i) All ............... glitters is not gold.

(ii) This is the man.......................all praise.

(iii) The man.......................we met yesterday is coming to dinner.

(iv) We always like people............................. speak the truth.

(v) .............................. is done cannot be undone.

(vi) This is the best..........................we can do.

(vii) He was the most eloquent speaker.......................... I ever heard.

(viii) I have found the pen ..............................I lost.

(ix) The book ........................is now out of print has all the information you need.

(x) The moment ...........................is lost is lost forever.


5

VOCABULARY

1. Fifteen different types of pronouns are given below. Identify and write their kind.

(i) one ______________________________________

(ii) one another ______________________________________

(iii) all ______________________________________

(iv) itself ______________________________________

(v) some ______________________________________

(vi) few ______________________________________

(vii) many ______________________________________

(viii) each ______________________________________

(ix) each other ______________________________________

(x) either ______________________________________

(xi) myself ______________________________________

(xii) others ______________________________________

(xiii) those ______________________________________

(xiv) neither ______________________________________

(xv) none ______________________________________

2. Write the plural forms of the following pronouns:

(i) I ______________________________________

(ii) that ______________________________________

(iii) this ______________________________________

(iv) he, she, it ______________________________________

(v) you ______________________________________

6


Ch.10-The Pronoun



1. Like nouns, pronouns have:

(a) number (b) gender

(c) case (d) all of these

2. A word that is used instead of a noun is called a:

(a) pronoun (b) verb

(c) adjective (d) adverb

3. Which of the following is a compound personal pronoun?

(a) they (b) none

(c) others (d) myself

4. Which of the following is a reciprocal pronoun?

(a) each other (b) one another

(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these

5. Which of the following is not an indefinite pronoun?

(a) few (b) many

(c) none (d) such

7

6. Which of the following relative pronouns can be used without an antecedent?

(a) what (b) which

(c) who (d) whom

7. Which of the following is a demonstrative pronoun?

(a) self (b) some

(c) such (d) none of these

8. After ‘let’, we use:

(a) subjective case of pronouns (b) objective case of pronouns

(c) possessive case of pronouns (d) none of these

9. The noun coming before a relative pronoun is called its:

(a) antecedent (b) precedent

(c) succedent (d) none of these

10. Which of the following relative pronouns is used for persons only?

(a) which (b) that

(c) who (d) what

8

PROJECT WORK


There are some pronouns which were used in old English, but have now been replaced. However,they are still studied in the context of Shakespearean and Biblical terminology. Such pronouns aregiven below with their meanings and examples. Write two sentences using each of these pronounsin the space given below:

1. Thou (You): Art thou the eldest of thy father’s sons?

(i) ..................................................................................................................................................

(ii) ..................................................................................................................................................

2. Thy (Your): Thy house caught fire when the thunder struck.

(i) ..................................................................................................................................................

(ii) ..................................................................................................................................................

3. Thee (You): I came to thy house to tell thee of the robbery committed next door.

(i) ..................................................................................................................................................

(ii) ..................................................................................................................................................

4. Thine (You): Thou shalt treat thine daughters as thou wouldst thy sons.

(i) ..................................................................................................................................................

(ii) ..................................................................................................................................................

5. Ye (You): Seek and ye shall find.

(i) ..................................................................................................................................................

(ii) ..................................................................................................................................................

Ch.10-The Pronoun

9

ANSWERS

Assessment

1. (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (a)

2. (i) objective (ii) antecedent (iii) pronoun (iv) noun

3. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F (iv) F

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) her (ii) us (iii) they (iv) I (v) him

(vi) you (vii) them (viii) me (ix) It (x) theirs

2. (i) that (ii) whom (iii) whom (iv) who (v) What(vi) that (vii) that (viii) which (ix) which (x) which

Vocabulary:1. (i) indefinite pronoun (ii) reciprocal pronoun (iii) indefinite pronoun

(iv) compound personal pronoun (v) indefinite pronoun (vi) indefinite pronoun

(vii) indefinite pronoun (viii) distributive pronoun (ix) reciprocal pronoun

(x) distributive pronoun (xi) compound personal pronoun (xii) indefinite pronoun

(xiii) demonstrative pronoun (xiv) distributive pronoun (xv) indefinite pronoun

2. (i) we (ii) those (iii) these(iv) they (v) you

Test Paper

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d)6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (c)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Verb


11. Tick () the correct option. Underline the verbs in the sentences. Identify the verbs in the sentences as transitive or intransitive. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs. Complete the sentences with suitable complements for the verbs of incomplete

predication. Solve the crossword puzzle using the past tense forms of the verbs.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of the verb, and different kinds of verbs.



Begin by writing a few sentences on the board. Ask students to point out different verbs used in them.Ask for volunteers to come to the board and classify different kinds of verbs.




The definition of the ‘verb’

Classification of verbs—auxiliary verbs and ordinary verbs

Direct and indirect objects

Lesson Plan


2

Verbs of incomplete predication

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about different kinds of verbs with example sentences usingaudio-visual aids.




For homework, students can make a list of modal verbs with their correct use in example sentences.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) Semi-modal verbs (a) appear, look, seem, smell

(ii) Verbs of incomplete predication (b) can, could, may, might

(iii) The verb ‘be’ (c) need, dare, ought to, used to

(iv) Modal verbs (d) am, is, are, was, were


(i) Certain transitive verbs require, besides an object, a complement to complete their ............... .

(ii) The verb forms the main part of the......................of a sentence.

(iii) ............................. verbs can be used as both, a main verb, or a modal in a sentence.

(iv) The verbs ‘be’, ‘have’ and ‘do’ are used with.....................verbs to make tenses and passive formsin a sentence.


(i) Most verbs can be used both as transitive and intransitive verbs.

(ii) The indirect object is always placed after the direct object.

(iii) Some verbs may be used without any helping verb before them.

(iv) Transitive verb denotes an action which passes over from the doer or agent to an object.

Ch.11-The Verb

Teacher’s Signature: ............................................... Parent’s Signature: .....................................


4

WORKSHEETCh.11-The Verb

GRAMMAR

1. Underline the verbs in the following sentences:(i) He has a desperate desire to succeed.(ii) Degradation of the environment is destroying hundreds of species each year.(iii) A lovely blue swallow alighted on a branch.(iv) These animals track their prey using their excellent sense of smell, eyesight, and hearing.(v) Each module offers a succinct summary to highlight the message given.(vi) Comets appear at predictable times.(vii) You must show your ID card.(viii) He was an absolutely adorable child.(ix) He wrote profusely in practically every genre.(x) They were standing in the middle of a storm.

2. Name the verbs in the following sentences, and write whether the verb is transitive or intransitivein each case. Where the verb is transitive, name the object:

(i) The choir sang carols. ______________________________

(ii) He broke the chair. ______________________________

(iii) We talked for hours. ______________________________

(iv) He wanted a new bicycle. ______________________________

(v) Most shops here close at 9:00 p.m. ______________________________

(vi) The baby was crying. ______________________________

(vii) Stop them from going. ______________________________

(viii) The area has changed greatly in the last decade. ______________________________

(ix) Some of the children are learning English. ______________________________

(x) Have you washed your hands? ______________________________


5

VOCABULARY

1. Form ‘verbs’ from the given nouns :

(i) grass ............................................................

(ii) advice ............................................................

(iii) glass ............................................................

(iv) sale ............................................................

(v) blood ............................................................

(vi) choice ............................................................

(vii) breath ............................................................

(viii) drop ............................................................

(ix) belief ............................................................

(x) food ............................................................

2. Form ‘verbs’ from the given adjectives:

(i) glorious ............................................................

(ii) modern ............................................................

(iii) leading ............................................................

(iv) national ............................................................

(v) white ............................................................

(vi) envious ............................................................

(vii) popular ............................................................

(viii) crazy ............................................................

(ix) inclusive ............................................................

(x) lively ............................................................

6


Ch.11-The Verb



1. Modal verbs express meanings such as:

(a) permission

(b) possibility

(c) certainty (d) all of these

2. Which of the following is a verb of incomplete predication?

(a) appear (b) look

(c) smell (d) all of these

3. The verbs ‘be’, ‘have’, and ‘do’ are used with main verbs to make:

(a) tenses (b) passive forms

(c) questions (d) all of these

4. Most verbs can be used:

(a) only as transitive verbs (b) only as intransitive verbs

(c) both as transitive and intransitive verbs (d) none of these

5. If the ‘indirect object’ is placed after the ‘direct object’, it must be preceded by the preposition:

(a) to (b) for

(c) either ‘to’ or ‘for’ (d) none of these

7

6. Verbs tell us:

(a) what a person or thing does (b) what is done to a person or thing

(c) the state of existence of a person or thing (d) all of these

7. Which of the following is a form of verb ‘be’?

(a) is (b) are

(c) was (d) all of these

8. Which of the following is a semi-modal verb?

(a) may (b) need

(c) must (d) will

9. A verb that requires one or more objects is called:

(a) transitive verb (b) intransitive verb

(c) auxiliary verb (d) ordinary verb

10. Certain transitive verbs require, besides an object, a complement to complete their:

(a) subjectiveness (b) predication

(c) adjunct (d) none of these

8

PROJECT WORK


Linking verbs (verbs of incomplete predication) are those verbs which require a word to makecomplete sense. Some linking verbs are given below. Study the example, and make sentences forthe remaining linking verbs:

The baby seems happy. (seems is a linking verb as it does not make complete sense without ‘happy’)

1. appear : ....................................................................................................................................

2. be : ....................................................................................................................................

3. become : ....................................................................................................................................

4. feel : ....................................................................................................................................

5. get : ....................................................................................................................................

6. go : ....................................................................................................................................

7. grow : ....................................................................................................................................

8. look : ....................................................................................................................................

9. remain : ....................................................................................................................................

10. resemble : ....................................................................................................................................

11. smell : ....................................................................................................................................

12. sound : ....................................................................................................................................

13. stay : ....................................................................................................................................

14. taste : ....................................................................................................................................

15. turn : ....................................................................................................................................

Ch.11-The Verb

9

ANSWERS

Assessment

1. (i) (c) (ii) (a) (iii) (d) (iv) (b)

2. (i) prediction (ii) predicate (iii) Semi-modal (iv) main


WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) has (ii) is destroying (iii) alighted (iv) track

(v) offers (vi) appear (vii) must show (viii) was(ix) wrote (x) were standing

2. (i) transitive - sang (object : carols) (ii) transitive - broke (object : the chair)(iii) intransitive - talked (iv) transitive- wanted (object : a new bicycle)(v) intransitive - close (vi) intransitive - crying(vii) transitive - stop (object : them) (viii) intransitive - changed(ix) transitive- learning (object : English) (x) transitive - washed (object : your hands)

Vocabulary:1. (i) graze (ii) advise (iii) glaze

(iv) sell (v) bleed (vi) choose(vii) breathe (viii) drip (ix) believe(x) feed

2. (i) glorify (ii) modernise (iii) lead(iv) nationalise (v) whiten (vi) envy(vii) popularise (viii) craze (ix) include(x) live

Test Paper1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (c)

6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Tenses


12. Tick () the correct option. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs. Rewrite the incorrectly written paragraph by using the right tense forms of verbs. Change the present tense verbs to past tense verbs.Word Game Circle the irregular past tense verbs in the word search.Learner’s Drill Match the pictures with the word–groups and make up sentences using the right verb

tense.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of the ‘tense’. They will also know kinds of tenses, and rules to use themcorrectly in different situations.

2. Materials Needed:Blackboard, chalk, duster, student notebooks, computer with the Internet.

3. Procedure to Open the Lesson: Begin by writing a few sentences on the board. Ask the students if they know the kinds of tenses used in

them. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and write the kinds of tenses with different forms of eachof them. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.


4. Body of the Lesson:The teacher explains–

The definition of the ‘tense’


2

Kinds of tenses—Present, Past and Future

Forms of each of the tenses– Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous

Rules to use tenses in different situations

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘tenses’ using audio-visual aids.



7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can practise the conjugation of a particular verb to show the various forms it assumesin different tenses.For example:He writes.He is writing.He has written.He has been writing.He wrote.He was writing.He had written.He had been writing.He will write.He will be writing.He will have written.He will have been writing.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) Present Perfect (a) She has been singing.

(ii) Present Perfect Continuous (b) She is singing.

(iii) Present Simple (c) She has sung.

(iv) Present Continuous (d) She sings.


(i) Present Simple is used to express....................... truth.

(ii) The Present Perfect Continuous shows that the action that began in the ...................... is stillcontinuing up to the present time.

(iii) Each of the three tense has...................... forms.

(iv) The tense of a verb shows the time of an........................... .


(i) Present Simple is used to express custom or habit.

(ii) There are four kinds of tenses in English.

(iii) The verb+ing is used in all continuous verb forms for Present, Past or Future Tense.

(iv) The continuous form indicates that the action is in progress.

Ch.12-Tenses

Teacher’s Signature: .......................................... Parent’s Signature: .....................................


4

WORKSHEETCh.12-Tenses

GRAMMAR

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb-forms given in the brackets:(i) The river...........................under the bridge. (flow)(ii) We.......................here all our life. (live)(iii) I ........................... you are wrong. (think)(iv) I .......................another letter tomorrow. (write)(v) He ........................coffee every morning. (drink)(vi) The ship .........................yesterday. (sail)(vii) These grapes ..............................sour. (taste)(viii) The patient ...........................before the doctor came. (die)(ix) He ............................this book for four hours. (study)(x) She will have finished her work before they ..................................... . (come)

2. Change the underlined present tense verb to past tense verb:

(i) He eats some rice. ______________________________

(ii) Two books lie on the desk. ______________________________

(iii) The river overflows its banks. ______________________________

(iv) His voice shakes with emotion. ______________________________

(v) They make no further remarks. ______________________________

(vi) They play football in the playground. ______________________________

(vii) They prove him guilty. ______________________________

(viii) I recognize her voice at once. ______________________________

(ix) She sings a sweet song. ______________________________

(x) He flies a kite with his friend. ______________________________


5

VOCABULARY

Base forms of twenty verbs are given below. Write their ‘past tense’ and ‘past participle’ forms:

(i) deal ..................................... .....................................

(ii) do ..................................... .....................................

(iii) bend ..................................... .....................................

(iv) be ..................................... .....................................

(v) show ..................................... .....................................

(vi) dream ..................................... .....................................

(vii) strike ..................................... .....................................

(viii) become ..................................... .....................................

(ix) swim ..................................... .....................................

(x) drink ..................................... .....................................

(xi) forget ..................................... .....................................

(xii) beat ..................................... .....................................

(xiii) throw ..................................... .....................................

(xiv) bring ..................................... .....................................

(xv) wear ..................................... .....................................

(xvi) have ..................................... .....................................

(xvii) let ..................................... .....................................

(xviii) meet ..................................... .....................................

(xix) see ..................................... .....................................

(xx) shoot ..................................... .....................................

6


Ch.12-Tenses



1. A kind of tense in English is:

(a) present tense

(b) past tense

(c) future tense (d) all of these

2. The tense of a verb shows the time of a/an:

(a) section (b) action

(c) fraction (d) none of these

3. In the sentence, ‘He has started a new business’, the underlined verb phrase is in:

(a) present perfect (b) past perfect

(c) future perfect (d) past perfect continuous

4. Present Continuous indicates that the action is in:

(a) digress (b) ingress

(c) progress (d) regress

5. Perfect tenses are formed by the appropriate forms of the verb:

(a) to have + present participle (b) to have + past tense

(c) to have + past participle (d) none of these

7

6. Present Simple can be used to express:

(a) custom or habit (b) general truth

(c) scientific facts (d) all of these

7. In Future Perfect, the verb expressing the previous future action is put into the Future Perfect, and the verbexpressing the subsequent action is put into:

(a) present simple (b) past simple

(c) future simple (d) past perfect

8. In the sentence, ‘They had been reading magazines for two hours’, the underlined verb phrase is in:

(a) present perfect continuous (b) past perfect

(c) past perfect continuous (d) future perfect continuous

9. In Past Perfect, the verb expressing the previous action is put into the Past Perfect, and the verb expressingthe subsequent action is put into:

(a) present simple (b) past simple

(c) present perfect (d) future simple

10. Each of the three tenses has:

(a) one form only (b) two forms

(c) three forms (d) four forms

8

PROJECT WORK


THE USES OF THE PAST SIMPLE

The ‘past simple’ is mainly used to talk about–

(i) Something that happened once in the past:I met my friend in 2018.They walked twelve kilometre that day.

(ii) Something that happened again and again in the past:I phoned her four times today.We ate out every night last month.

(iii) Something that was true for some time in the past:I lived abroad for ten years.He went to college for four years.

Now form at least four sentences for each of the abovementioned uses of past simple.

(i) _______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) _______________________________________________________________________________

(iii) _______________________________________________________________________________

(iv) _______________________________________________________________________________

(v) _______________________________________________________________________________

(vi) _______________________________________________________________________________

(vii) _______________________________________________________________________________

(viii) _______________________________________________________________________________

(ix) _______________________________________________________________________________

(x) _______________________________________________________________________________

(xi) _______________________________________________________________________________

(xii) _______________________________________________________________________________

Ch.12-Tenses

9

ANSWERS

Assessment1. (i) (c) (ii) (a) (iii) (d) (iv) (b)

2. (i) general (ii) past (iii) four (iv) action


WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) flows (ii) have lived (iii) think

(iv) shall write (v) drinks (vi) sailed(vii) taste (viii) had died (ix) has been studying(x) come

2. (i) ate (ii) lay (iii) overflowed (iv) shook (v) made(vi) played (vii) proved (viii) recognized (ix) sang (x) flew

Vocabulary:(i) deal dealt dealt (ii) do did done(iii) bend bent bent (iv) be was/were been(v) show showed shown (vi) dream dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed(vii) strike struck struck (viii) become became become(ix) swim swam swum (x) drink drank drunk(xi) forget forgot forgotten (xii) beat beat beaten(xiii) throw threw thrown (xiv) bring brought brought(xv) wear wore worn (xvi) have had had(xvii) let let let (xviii) meet met met(xix) see saw seen (xx) shoot shot shot

Test Paper1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c)6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Active and Passive Voice


13. Tick () the correct option. Change the sentences from active into passive voice. Change the sentences from passive into active voice.Learner’s Drill Change the sentences given in active voice in the flow chart into passive voice to

describe the process of preparing lemonade.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definitions of ‘active voice’ and ‘passive voice’. They will also learn rules toconvert sentences from active voice to passive voice.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson: Begin by writing two sentences on the board, first in the Active Voice and second in the Passive Voice.

Ask the students if they know the types of voices used in them. Ask for volunteers to come to the board,and describe active and passive voice with examples. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.


4. Body of the Lesson:The teacher explains–

The definitions of ‘active voice’ and ‘passive voice’

The uses of passive voice


2

Rules for conversion from active to passive voice

Some of the sentences which cannot be converted into passive voice

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘active and passive voice’ using audio-visual aids.



7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can learn to change a sentence with two objects into passive voice.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) ........................ is preferred when the doer of the action is unknown.

(ii) Sentences having verb phrases of ‘perfect continuous forms’ cannot be ................................into passive voice.

(iii) A verb is said to be in ...................................... when the subject performs the action.

(iv) A sentence can be written in either active or passive voice without changing the .....................of it.


(i) If the verb in the active voice sentence has a modal verb in it, the verb is changed to–modal verb + be + past participle. If the verb in the active voice sentence has a modal verbin it, the verb is changed to—modal verb + be + past participle.

(ii) Sentences having intransitive verbs cannot be converted into passive form.

(iii) When the verb in a sentence shows that the subject is not the doer of the action, the verbis in the passive voice.

(iv) Active voice is preferred when the doer of the action is irrelevant.

3. Change the following sentences from the active voice to the passive voice: 4(i) Little strokes fell great oaks. _______________________(ii) We submitted the assignments yesterday. _______________________(iii) He scored twenty-five runs. _______________________(iv) The farmer gathers the harvest. _______________________

Ch.13-Active and Passive Voice

Teacher’s Signature: .......................................... Parent’s Signature: .....................................


4

WORKSHEETCh.13-Active and Passive Voice

GRAMMAR

1. Underline the ‘verbs’ in the following sentences, and write whether they are in the Active or in thePassive Voice:(i) The road is being repaired. __________________________(ii) The city was destroyed by a massive earthquake. __________________________(iii) The displaced people need more relief materials. __________________________(iv) The conference was inaugurated by the Prime Minister. __________________________(v) The Titanic sank in April 1912 on its maiden voyage. __________________________(vi) Christopher Columbus discovered America. __________________________(vii) English is spoken all over the world. __________________________(viii) His command was promptly obeyed. __________________________(ix) He made a cameo appearance in the film. __________________________(x) We spent two weeks at sea. __________________________

2. Change the following sentences from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice:

(i) The demonstrators were demanding rights ofassembly and free speech. _______________________________________

(ii) One should keep one’s promises. _______________________________________

(iii) The teacher appointed him monitor. _______________________________________

(iv) My friend has drawn these wonderful pictures. _______________________________________

(v) Someone has cleaned the windows. _______________________________________

(vi) The prizewinner gave a touching acceptancespeech. _______________________________________

(vii) The hunter killed the tiger. _______________________________________

(viii) The sudden noise frightened us. _______________________________________

(ix) My elder brother will write a letter. _______________________________________

(x) His grandmother looked after him. _______________________________________


5

VOCABULARY

Match the following verb with their synonyms:

(i) abandon (a) select

(ii) admire (b) renounce

(iii) allow (c) build

(iv) break (d) gather

(v) bring (e) permit

(vi) buy (f) shut

(vii) change (g) crawl

(viii) choose (h) fetch

(ix) close (i) alter

(x) collect (j) shatter

(xi) construct (k) applaud

(xii) contract (l) occur

(xiii) creep (m) dispatch

(xiv) desire (n) purchase

(xv) forgive (o) appear

(xvi) happen (p) forecast

(xvii) predict (q) want

(xviii) seem (r) stink

(xix) send (s) pardon

(xx) smell (t) shrink

6





1. Sentences of which of the following tense cannot be converted in passive form?

(a) future continuous (b) past continuous

(c) future perfect (d) none of these

2. The correct passive voice structure for the sentence, ‘They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview’is:

(a) You are asked a lot of questions at the interview.

(b) You were being asked a lot of questions at the interview.

(c) You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview.

(d) You are being asked a lot of questions at the interview.

3. If the verb in the active voice sentence has a modal in it, the verb is changed to .................:

(a) modal + been + past participle (b) modal + being + past participle

(c) modal + be + past participle (d) none of these

4. A verb is said to be in Active Voice when the subject performs the .................:

(a) action (b) reaction

(c) duty (d) none of these

7

5. Passive voice is preferred when .................:

(a) the doer of the action is unknown (b) the doer of the action is irrelevant

(c) talking about a general truth (d) all of these

6. The unknown or unimportant subject of active voice is......................in passive voice:

(a) used (b) omitted

(c) changed (d) none of these

7. The correct passive voice structure for the sentence, ‘He will have closed the shop’ is:

(a) The shop could have been closed by him. (b) The shop will have be closed by him.

(c) The shop will have being closed by him. (d) The shop will have been closed by him.

8. We can form passive structures with .................:

(a) transitive verbs (b) linking verbs

(c) intransitive verbs (d) none of these

9. The real ................. of a sentence does not change if the sentence is expressed by active voice or passivevoice:

(a) formation (b) meaning

(c) structure (d) none of these

10. A transitive verb is used with a/an .................:


(c) complement (d) adjunct

8

PROJECT WORK


An imperative sentence in the passive voice has the following structure:

Let + object + be + past participle

Example : Open the door. (Active Voice)Let the doorr be opened. (Passive Voice)

Now change the following sentences into passive voice:

(i) Do it at once.________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Shut the window.________________________________________________________________________________

(iii) throw the ball.________________________________________________________________________________

(iv) learn the Poem.________________________________________________________________________________

(v) cook the food.________________________________________________________________________________

(vi) complete this work.________________________________________________________________________________

(vii) take it home.________________________________________________________________________________

(viii) keep it there.________________________________________________________________________________

(ix) Call the police.________________________________________________________________________________

(x) Turn off the television.________________________________________________________________________________


9

ANSWERS

Assessment1. (i) passive voice (ii) converted (iii) active voice (iv) meaning2. (i) T (ii) T (iii) T (iv) F3. (i) Great oaks are felled by little strokes.

(ii) The assignments were submitted by us yesterday.(iii) Twenty-five runs were scored by him.(iv) The harvest is gathered by the farmer.

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) The road is being repaired. Passive Voice

(ii) The city was destroyed by a massive earthquake. Passive Voice(iii) The displaced people need more relief materials. Active Voice(iv) The conference was inaugurated by the Prime Minister. Passive Voice(v) The Titanic sank in April 1912 on its maiden voyage. Active Voice(vi) Christopher Columbus discovered America Active Voice(vii) English is spoken all over the world. Passive Voice(viii) His command was promptly obeyed. Passive Voice(ix) He made a cameo appearance in the film. Active Voice(x) We spent two weeks at sea. Active Voice

2. (i) Rights of assembly and free speech were being demanded by the demonstrators.(ii) Promises should be kept.(iii) He was appointed monitor by the teacher.(iv) These wonderful pictures have been drawn by my friend.(v) The windows have been cleaned.(vi) A touching acceptance speech was given by the prizewinner.(vii) The tiger was killed by the hunter.(viii) We were frightened by the sudden noise.(ix) A letter will be written by my elder brother.(x) He was looked after by his grandmother.

Vocabulary:(i) (b) (ii) (k) (iii) (e) (iv) (j) (v) (h) (vi) (n)(vii) (i) (viii) (a) (ix) (f) (x) (d) (xi) (c) (xii) (t)(xiii) (g) (xiv) (q) (xv) (s) (xvi)(l) (xvii) (p) (xviii) (o)(xix) (m) (xx) (r)

Test Paper1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d)6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Adverb


14. Tick () the correct option. Pick out adverbs and state their kinds. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of adverbs. Correct the sentences.Learner’s Drill Find the adverbs of quantity in the crossword puzzle.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of the ‘adverb’. They will also learn about different kinds of adverbs,formation of adverbs, position of adverbs in the sentences, and comparison of adverbs.



Begin by writing some sentences containing adverbs on the board. Ask the students if they know thekinds of adverbs used in them. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and describe different kinds ofadverbs with examples. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.




The definition of ‘adverb’

Formation of adverbs


2

Kinds of adverbs

Position of adverbs

Comparison of adverbs

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘adverbs’ using audio-visual aids.



7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can learn about ‘sentence adverbs’. A sentence adverb is used to modify the wholesentence, rather than any particular word. Sentence adverbs often stand at the beginning of the sentence.

Here are some examples:

Certainly, you are wrong.

Clearly, there have been unacceptable delays.

Curiously, they never visited Mumbai.

Evidently, the answers are incorrect.

Interestingly, there are clear differences between the two medicines.

Luckily, they escaped unhurt.

Possibly, it is as you describe.

Probably, she is mistaken.

Sadly, the forests are now under threat.

Unfortunately, nobody was present there.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 4(i) Interrogative adverb (a) Show me the office where he worked.(ii) Simple adverb of time (b) These students work hard.(iii) Relative adverb (c) How did he solve this sum?(iv) Simple adverb of manner (d) They will now begin to play.


(i) ........................... adverbs can be formed by joining two adverbs with a conjunction.

(ii) Adverbs with one ........................... form their comparative by adding ‘er’ and superlative by adding‘est’.

(iii) An ...................... is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or anotheradverb.

(iv) A relative adverb like a relative pronoun relates or refers back to its ......................... .


(i) Adverbs of manner are generally placed after the verb, or after the object if there is one.

(ii) The words ‘frequently, often, once and twice’ are examples of adverbs of time.

(iii) ‘Adverbs of Manner’ are mostly formed from adjectives by adding ‘-ly’.

(iv) The adverb ‘enough’ is always placed after the word which it modifies.

Ch.14-The Adverb



4

WORKSHEETCh.14-The Adverb

GRAMMAR

1. Pick out the adverbs in the following sentences and state their kinds:

(i) How did you make this dish? ________________ ________________

(ii) I remember the day when we first met. ________________ ________________

(iii) This is the reason why I left. ________________ ________________

(iv) That day they arrived late. ________________ ________________

(v) They will come here. ________________ ________________

(vi) When does the train arrive? ________________ ________________

(vii) He speaks English well. ________________ ________________

(viii) That is the park where I played yesterday. ________________ ________________

(ix) I have told them twice. ________________ ________________

(x) These mangoes are almost ripe. ________________ ________________

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of adverbs:(i) The dinosaurs died out 65 million years ..................... . (ago/before)

(ii) We ...................... know each other. (hard/hardly)

(iii) I have ...................... finished that book you lent me. (near/nearly)

(iv) He .................. never raises his voice. (almost /nearly)

(v) You may speak .................................. . (free/freely)

(vi) It is ......................... an interesting project. (no/not)

(vii) The new varieties of wheat grow well ......................... in poor soil. (even/evenly)

(viii) His colleagues think very ........................... of him. (high/highly)

(ix) I have not been feeling so well ........................... . (late/lately)

(x) It is ....................... hard to explain. (too/very)


5

VOCABULARY

Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs, e.g. elderly (adj.), melancholy (n.), and apply (v). Twentywords ending in -ly are given below. Tick () only those words which are used as adverbs in English:

(i) tacitly

(ii) homely

(iii) rarely

(iv) lively

(v) brightly

(vi) unsightly

(vii) recently

(viii) lonely

(ix) surely

(x) lovely

(xi) happily

(xii) cowardly

(xiii) rightly

(xiv) friendly

(xv) tersely

(xvi) timely

(xvii) deeply

(xviii) partly

(xix) curtly

(xx) prickly

6

TEST PAPER


Ch.14-The Adverb



1. ‘Adverbs of manner’ are mostly formed from adjectives by adding:

(a) - en (b) – ly

(c) - er (d) – st

2. Which of the following adverbs does not have degrees of comparison?

(a) far (b) late

(c) now (d) well

3. Which of the following is a kind of adverbs?

(a) simple adverbs (b) interrogative adverbs

(c) relative adverbs (d) all of these

4. An adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of:

(a) a verb (b) an adjective

(c) another adverb (d) all of these

5. Which of the following are included in interrogative adverbs?

(a) where, when, why, how (b) what, which, who

(c) be, have, do (d) none of these

7

6. Which of the following adverbs is always placed after the word which it modifies?

(a) almost (b) enough

(c) just (d) quite

7. Which kind of adverbs is usually placed after the verb, or after the object if there is one?

(a) adverbs of time (b) adverbs of place

(c) adverbs of manner (d) all of these

8. A compound adverb can be formed by joining two adverbs with a/an:

(a) adjective (b) preposition

(c) conjunction (d) interjection

9. Which of the following adverbs forms its comparative and superlative degrees irregularly?

(a) badly (b) little

(c) much (d) all of these

10. The correct superlative degree of the adverb ‘early’ is:

(a) earliest (b) most early

(c) most earliest (d) none of these

8

PROJECT WORK


An adverb is a word that is used to modify (describe) a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Use thefollowing adverbs in sentences to modify words in these three ways:

1. Modifying ‘verbs’:

fast : He was driving fast .

hard : ____________________________________________________________

loudly : ____________________________________________________________

quickly : ____________________________________________________________

slowly : ____________________________________________________________

2. Modifying ‘adjectives’:

almost : These mangoes are almost ripe.

partly : ____________________________________________________________

quite : ____________________________________________________________

too : ____________________________________________________________

very : ____________________________________________________________

3. Modifying ‘other adverbs’:

nearly + always : They are nearly always late.

not + completely : ____________________________________________________________

only + just : ____________________________________________________________

quite + clearly : ____________________________________________________________

really + well : ____________________________________________________________

Ch.14-The Adverb

9

ANSWERS

Assessment1. (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (a) (iv) (b)

2. (i) compound (ii) syllable (iii) adverb (iv) antecedent

3. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F (iv) T

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) how — interrogative adverb of manner (ii) when — relative adverb

(iii) why — relative adverb (iv) late — simple adverb of time(v) here — simple adverb of place (vi) when — interrogative adverb of time(vii) well — simple adverb of manner (viii) where — relative adverb(ix) twice — simple adverb of frequency (x) almost — simple adverb of degree or quantity

2. (i) ago (ii) hardly(iii) nearly (iv) almost(v) freely (vi) not(vii) even (viii) highly(ix) lately (x) too

Vocabulary:(i) tacitly (iii) rarely(v) brightly (vii) recently(ix) surely (xi) happily(xiii) rightly (xv) tersely(xvii) deeply (xix) curtly

Test Paper

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a)6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (a)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Preposition


15. Tick () the correct option. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. Correct the sentences. Complete the sentences using prepositions from the box.Learner’s Drill Circle all the prepositions in the given paragraph. Look at the picture, and complete the given sentences.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of ‘preposition’ and kinds of prepositions along with relations expressedby prepositions. They will also learn about certain verbs which are always followed by particular prepositions.



Begin by writing few sentences on the board using a different preposition in each of them. Ask thestudents if they know the kinds of preposition used in them. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, anddescribe different kinds of prepositions with examples. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.




The definition of ‘preposition’


2

Kinds of prepositions—simple, compound and phrase prepositions

Relations expressed by prepositions

Verbs followed by prepositions

Common mistakes with conjunctions

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘prepositions’ using audio-visual aids.



7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can learn to use ‘participial prepositions’ in sentences. Participial prepositions areparticipial form that function as prepositions. These are ‘Present participles of verb’ which are used withoutany noun or pronoun being attached to them. Some frequently used participial prepositions are:(i) Barring a few minor mistakes, the play went pretty well. (barring = except, apart from)(ii) I have had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments.(concerning = about, regarding)(iii) Considering the qulaity, the price is not high. (considering = taking into account)(iv) Everyone, please keep quiet during the class. (during = through)(v) The judge has suspended the ban, pending a full inquiry. (pending = until something happens)(vi) We were exploring a variety of options regarding the issue. (regarding = about)(vii) They began to have serious worries respecting their new house.

(respecting = with regard to)(viii) He will give evidence touching on the current case. (touching = concerning, about)(ix) These people cannot buy their normal requirement of food, including rice. (including = containing)(x) Notwithstanding the evidence, the consensus is that the jury will not reach a verdict.

(notwithstanding = in spite of)

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 4(i) Phrase prepositions (a) concerning, regarding(ii) Participial prepositions (b) at, by(iii) Simple prepositions (c) about, among(iv) Compound prepositions (d) according to, in spite of


(i) The words ‘of’ and ‘to’ are examples of ........................... prepositions.

(ii) A ....................... is a word that shows relation between noun or pronoun and the other words in asentence.

(iii) The verb ‘subsist’ is followed by the preposition ......................... .

(iv) ‘In comparison to’ is an example of .................. preposition.


(i) A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun.

(ii) Prepositions used for time of different natures are in, on, at, etc.

(iii) ‘By means of’ is an example of a compound preposition.

(iv) Preposition ‘into’ shows movement towards the interior of something.

Ch.15-The Preposition



4

WORKSHEETCh.15-The Preposition

GRAMMAR

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:

(i) He insisted ................. carrying his own bag.

(ii) They looked .................. the picture.

(iii) The success of this project relies ................. everyone making an effort.

(iv) They despaired ................ finding a good restaurant nearby.

(v) He did not wait ....................... a reply.

(vi) I listen ........................... the radio in the morning.

(vii) They deal .............. cotton and silk.

(viii) We agree ......................... you on this issue.

(ix) They died ........................ hunger.

(x) I refrained .................... hurting his feelings.

2. Correct the following sentences:(i) She preferred cooking at home than eating in restaurants.

(ii) He sat besides me in the front seat.

(iii) Your dinner is onto the table.

(iv) They have not been working for last week.

(v) The door opened and a nurse came in the room.

(vi) They decided to go by foot.

(vii) The country is famous from its natural beauty.

(viii) They snack among meals.

(ix) She slept to nine o’clock.

(x) He killed two birds by one shot.


5

VOCABULARY

A list of 40 prepositions is given below. Write whether they are simple, compound or phraseprepositions:

1. across 2. along

3. up 4. without

5. with 6. at

7. within 8. above

9. because of 10. on

11. out 12. before

13. in 14. behind

15. below 16. beneath

17. from 18. beside

19. for the sake of 20. between

21. by 22. beyond

23. inside 24. for

25. among 26. instead of

27. amongst 28. around

29. of 30. according to

31. off 32. about

33. outside 34. owing to

35. through 36. till

37. to 38. underneath

39. in lieu of 40. amidst

6

TEST PAPER





1. Which of the following prepositions can be used for talking about time?

(a) at

(b) in

(c) on (d) all of these

2. The noun or pronoun which is used with a preposition is called its .............................:



3. The preposition ........................ is used to show movement towards the interior of something:

(a) due to (b) into

(c) onto (d) up to

4. Which of the following is not a simple preposition?

(a) about (b) from

(c) till (d) with

5. A word that is used before a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun, connecting it to another word is calleda .............................:

(a) adjective (b) adverb

(c) preposition (d) conjunction

7

6. Television prices have come down rapidly .................... keen competition in the industry:

(a) owing to (b) according to

(c) in reference to (d) with regard to

7. Which of the following is not a compound preposition?

(a) amongst (b) beneath

(c) outside (d) through

8. He is not here ........................ the moment:

(a) at (b) in

(c) on (d) up

9. ............................. are included in kinds of prepositions:

(a) simple prepositions (b) compound prepositions

(c) phrase prepositions (d) all of these

10. When we think of a place as a surface, we use .............................:

(a) at (b) in

(c) on (d) up

8

PROJECT WORK


SIMPLE PREPOSITIONSSimple prepositions are constructed by only one word. A list of simple prepositions is given below. Useeach of these prepositions in at least two sentences.

1. at : I was waiting at the bus stop.................................................................................................................................

The film starts at 9 o'clock.................................................................................................................................

2. by : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. for : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

4. from : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. in : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6. of : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7. off : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8. on : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

9. out : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

10. through : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

11. till : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

12. to : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

13. up : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

14. with : ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


9

ANSWERS

Assessment

1. (i) (d) (ii) (a) (iii) (b) (iv) (c)

2. (i) simple (ii) preposition (iii) on (iv) phrase

3. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F (iv) T

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) on (ii) at (iii) on (iv) of (v) for

(vi) to (vii) in (viii) with (ix) of (x) from

2. (i) to (ii) beside (iii) on (iv) since (v) into(vi) on (vii) for (viii) between (ix) till (x) with

Vocabulary:1. compound preposition 2. compound proposition 3. simple preposition4. compound preposition 5. simple preposition 6. simple preposition7. compound preposition 8. compound preposition 9. phrase preposition

10. simple preposition 11. simple preposition 12. compound preposition13. simple preposition 14. compound preposition 15. compound preposition16. compound preposition 17. simple preposition 18. compound preposition19. phrase preposition 20. compound preposition 21. simple preposition22. compound preposition 23. compound preposition 24. simple preposition25. compound preposition 26. phrase preposition 27. compound preposition28. compound preposition 29. simple preposition 30. phrase preposition31. simple preposition 32. compound preposition 33. compound preposition34. phrase preposition 35. simple preposition 36. simple preposition37. simple preposition 38. compound preposition 39. phrase preposition40. compound preposition

Test Paper

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (c)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Conjunction


16. Tick () the correct option. Use the conjunction and, but, or in the blanks. Join the sentences with suitable conjunctions. Rewrite the sentences by correcting the highlighted words.Learner’s Drill Study the given pictures and read the examples, then identify the type of conjunction in each

of them.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of ‘conjunction’, kinds of conjunctions, and common mistakes madewhile using conjunctions.



Begin by writing at least four sentences on the board—first two sentences with the use of coordinatingconjunctions, and the remaining two sentences with the use of subordinating conjunctions. Ask the studentsif they can point out the conjunctions used in them. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and describethe different kinds of conjunctions with examples. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.




The definition of ‘conjunction’


2

Kinds of conjunctions—coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions (double conjunctions) such as either...or, neither...nor, which work inpairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence.

Compound conjunctions are phrases (groups of two or three words) such as so that, as well as, etc.

Classification of subordinating conjunctions according to their meaning such as time, cause, purpose,result, condition, concession and comparison.

Common mistakes with conjunctions.

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘conjunctions’ using audio-visual aids.



7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can learn about some conjuctions and their correct usage such as:

because, except, for, if, lest, only, or, since, than, that, while, without, etc.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 4(i) Correlative conjunctions (a) as well as, on condition that(ii) Compound conjunctions (b) as, if(iii) Coordinating conjunctions (c) both...and, whether...or(iv) Subordinating conjunctions (d) and, but


(i) Conjunctions which are used in pairs are called ........................ conjunctions.

(ii) ...................... are words which are used to connect phrases, clauses, and sentences.

(iii) ‘Provided that’ is an example of ............................. conjunction.

(iv) ....................... conjunctions are of four kinds: cumulative, adversative, disjunctive and illative.


(i) The subordinating conjunction shows the relationship between two clauses, so it does not matterwhich clause comes first.

(ii) A subordinating conjunction must be attached to an independent clause.

(iii) A coordinating conjunction can join together clauses of unequal rank.

(iv) A subordinating conjunction connects subordinate clauses to the main clause of a sentence.

Ch.16-The Conjunction



4

WORKSHEETCh.16-The Conjunction

GRAMMAR

1. Join the following sentences with suitable conjunctions:

(i) He talked. He knew all about it. (if/as if)

(ii) Sharad is an architect. His sister is an architect. (both....and / whether...or)

(iii) They finished first. They began late. (but/though)

(iv) He found it increasingly difficult to read. His eyesight was beginning to fail. (but/for)

(v) They will not spend their money. They will not invest it. (either...or/neither....nor)

(vi) We can buy it. We have enough money. (so that/ provided that)

(vii) She ran away. She was afraid. (because/ that)

(viii) He stumbled. He did not fall. (and/but)

(ix) The shower was over. The sun shone out again. (after/before)

(x) We eat. We may live. (so/so that)

2. Rewrite the following sentences by correcting the underlined words:(i) You will get the prize even if you deserve it. ________________________

(ii) Though the path is difficult to walk, but we choose to walk together. ________________________

(iii) No sooner had I started mowing the lawn then it started raining. ________________________

(iv) Neither a borrower, or a lender be. ________________________

(v) Look as you leap. ________________________

(vi) He tried, and did not succeed. ________________________

(vii) She both cleaned her room as well as washed the dishes. ________________________

(viii) They will not pay till they are compelled. ________________________

(ix) He held my hand otherwise I should fall. ________________________

(x) You can borrow the book that you return it soon. ________________________


5

VOCABULARY

A list of 41 conjunctions is given below. Write whether they are coordinating or subordinatingconjunctions:

1. because 2. before

3. but 4. either...or

5. unless 6. while

7. else 8. or

9. ere 10. whereas

11. why 12. whilst

13. yet 14. except

15. for 16. whither

17. how 18. if

19. lest 20. neither....nor

21. nor 22. provided that

23. since 24. so

25. and 26. so that

27. only 28. still

29. although 30. than

31. that 32. once

33. though 34. till

35. after 36. until

37. as 38. when

39. as soon as 40. whence

41. where

6





1. Which of the following is not a subordinating conjunction?

(a) although (b) because

(c) yet (d) unless

2. Conjunctions which are used in pairs are called ………………………………:

(a) compound conjunctions (b) coordinating conjunctions

(c) correlative conjunctions (d) subordinating conjunctions

3. Which of the following is an example of coordinating conjunctions?

(a) cumulative (b) adversative

(c) alternative (d) all of these

4. Which of the following is a correlative conjunction?

(a) both ....and (b) either .... or

(c) whether.... or (d) all of these

5. Clauses of equal rank are joined together by ………………………………:

(a) coordinating conjunctions (b) compound conjunctions

(c) subordinating conjunctions (d) all of these

7

6. Subordinating conjunction, ………………………………, introduces a conditional clause:

(a) if (b) lest

(c) than (d) till

7. A subordinating clause cannot stand alone; it must be attached to a/an ………………………………:

(a) independent clause (b) main clause

(c) adverbial clause (d) none of these

8. A conjunction joins ……………………………… together:

(a) words (b) phrases

(c) clauses (d) all of these

9. Which of the following is not a coordinating conjunction?

(a) and (b) but

(c) nor (d) as

10. Which of the following is a compound conjunction?

(a) so that (b) provided that

(c) in order that (d) all of these

8

PROJECT WORK


Complex sentences contain an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. These clauses arejoined by subordinating conjunctions.

Make four sentences using each of the following subordinating conjunctions.

(i) before : Say goodbye before you go .

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

(ii) after : ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

(iii) since : ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

(iv) fill : ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________


9

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) (c) (ii) (a) (iii) (d) (iv) (b)2. (i) phrase (ii) Conjunctions (iii) on (iv) Simple3. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F (iv) T

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) He talked as if he knew all about it. (ii) Both Sharad and his sister are architects.

(iii) They finished first though they (iv) He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesightbegan late. was beginning to fail.

(v) They will neither spend their money (vi) We can buy it, provided that we have enough money.nor invest it.

(vii) She ran away because she was afraid. (viii) He stumbled but did not fall.(ix) We eat so that we may live. (x) She ran away because she was afraid.

2. (i) You will get the prize if you deserve it. (ii) The path is difficult to walk, but we choose to walk(iii) No sooner had I started mowing the laws together.

than it started raining. (iv) Neither a borrower, nor a lender be.(v) Look before you leap. (vi) He tried, but did not succeed.(vii) She both cleaned her room and (viii) They will not pay unless they are compelled.

washed the dishes. (ix) He stumbled but did not fall.(x) You can borrow the book provided that you return it soon.

Vocabulary:1. subordinating conj. 2. subordinating conj. 3. coordinating conj.4. coordinating conj. 5. subordinating conj. 6. subordinating conj.7. coordinating conj. 8. coordinating conj. 9. subordinating conj.

10. subordinating conj. 11. subordinating conj. 12. subordinating conj.13. coordinating conj. 14. subordinating conj. 15. coordinating conj.16. subordinating conj. 17. subordinating conj. 18. subordinating conj.19. subordinating conj. 20. coordinating conj. 21. coordinating conj.22. subordinating conj. 23. subordinating conj. 24. coordinating conj.25. coordinating conj. 26. subordinating conj. 27. coordinating conj.28. coordinating conj. 29. subordinating conj. 30. subordinating conj.31. subordinating conj. 32. subordinating conj. 33. subordinating conj.34. subordinating conj. 35. subordinating conj. 36. subordinating conj.37. subordinating conj. 38. subordinating conj. 39. subordinating conj.40. subordinating conj. 41. subordinating conj.

Test Paper1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a)6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : The Interjection


17. Tick () the correct option. Underline the interjections in the given sentences, and write what feelings they express. Rewrite the given sentences using the correct interjections.


The students will know the definition of ‘interjection’. They will also learn about some commonly usedinterjections.



Begin by writing some interjections with the feelings they express. Ask students to use them in sentences.Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and write any other five interjections with their meanings.




The definition of ‘interjection’

Commonly used interjections with the feelings they express


2

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘interjections’ using audio-visual aids.


Students will provide evidence in their notebooks what they learnt. The teacher will be able to assess thestudent’s understanding by looking at their definition of ‘interjection’, and ability to use different interjectionscorrectly.

7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can compile a list of 50 commonly used interjections with the help of a good dictionaryor the Internet.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) hurrah (a) used as a greeting

(ii) alas (b) joy

(iii) bravo (c) grief

(iv) hello (d) appreciation


(i) An ................. is a word which expresses some sudden feeling.

(ii) The word interjection means ‘thrown in’.

(iii) We usually put an ...................... mark (!) after an interjection.

(iv) The interjection ‘hush’ means an indication to someone to be ....................... .

3. Underline the interjections in the given sentences, and write what feelings they express: 4

(i) Hello, I have not seen you for ages. .........................................................

(ii) Bravo, you are improving. .........................................................

(iii) Alas! They are dead. .........................................................

(iv) Hush! Do not make a noise. .........................................................

Ch.17-The Interjection



4

WORKSHEETCh.17-The Interjection

GRAMMAR

Write the meanings of the following interjections, and also use them in sentences:

(i) ah : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(ii) alas : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(iii) bravo : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(iv) hello : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(v) hurrah : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(vi) hush : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(vii) oh : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(viii) what : _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________


5

VOCABULARY

There are hundreds of interjections in English. A list of some common interjections is given below.Match these interjections with their meanings:

(i) goodbye (a) used as a friendly greeting or to attract attention

(ii) hi (b) a request to a speaker to repeat something because onedid not hear or understand it

(iii) no (c) used to indicate agreement or to acknowledge a statementor order

(iv) ouch (d) used to greet someone in a polite or friendly way

(v) pardon (e) used to express good wishes when parting or at the end ofa conversation

(vi) please (f) used to give an affirmative response

(vii) really (g) used to express great surprise or admiration

(viii) right (h) used to express pain

(ix) sorry (i) used to give a negative response

(x) welcome (j) used as a polite way of asking for something

(xi) wow (k) used to express interest, surprise, or doubt

(xii) yes (l) used to express regret, remorse, or sorrow

6

TEST PAPER





1. An ......................... is a word which expresses some sudden feeling.

(a) conjunction (b) interjection

(c) preposition (d) none of these

2. An interjection is a word thrown in to express some ......................... feeling.

(a) deep (b) inner

(c) personal (d) sudden

3. We usually put an ......................... mark after an interjection.

(a) colon (b) semicolon

(c) exclamation (d) apostrophe

4. Which of the following is not an interjection?

(a) ah (b) oh

(c) bravo (d) lest

5. Which interjection is used to express ‘surprise, pleasure or admiration’?

(a) ah (b) hello

(c) bravo (d) hurrah

7

6. Which of the following is an interjection?

(a) bush (b) hush

(c) lush (d) push

7. Which of the following interjections is used to express ‘surprise’?

(a) ah (b) oh

(c) what (d) all of these

8. Interjection ‘alas’ expresses:

(a) appreciation (b) grief

(c) joy (d) wonder

8

PROJECT WORK


An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion, such as surprise, pleasure,anger. It is also used to express greeting. Some interjections with their meanings are given below.Use these interjections in sentences. One has been done for you. Add more interjections to the listwith the help of a good dictionary.

1. begone : (go away)

Begone! you naughty boy! .

2. behold : (see, observe)

____________________________________________________________

3. damn : (expressing anger or frustration)

____________________________________________________________

4. done : (used to indicate that the speaker accepts the terms of an offer)

____________________________________________________________

5. encore : (used by an audience to demand an extra or repeated performance)

____________________________________________________________

6. eureka : (a cry of joy when one finds or discovers something)

____________________________________________________________

7. gosh : (used to express surprise or give emphasis)

____________________________________________________________

8. oops : (used to show recognition of a mistake or minor accident often as part of an apology)

____________________________________________________________


9

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv) (a)2. (i) interjection (ii) sudden (iii) exclamation (iv) quiet3. (i) hello — used as a greeting

(ii) bravo — used to express appreciation when someone done something well(iii) alas — used to express grief(iv) hush — used to tell someone to be quiet

WorksheetGrammar:

(i) ah : (used to express surprise or pleasure)Ah, I see.

(ii) alas : (used to express grief)Alas! He is no more.

(iii) bravo : (used to express appreciation when someone done something well)Bravo, you have done a brilliant job.

(iv) hello : (used as a greeting)Hello, everyone.

(v) hurrah : (used to express joy or approval)Hurrah! He is here at last!

(vi) hush : (used to tell someone to be quiet)Hush! You will wake the baby!

(vii) oh : (used to express surprise)Oh, I’m so glad you are here.

(viii) what : (used to express surprise)What! That’s amazing.

Vocabulary:(i) (e) (ii) (a) (iii) (i) (iv) (h)(v) (b) (vi) (j) (vii) (k) (viii) (c)(ix) (l) (x) (d) (xi) (g) (xii) (f)

Test Paper

1. (b), 2. (d), 3. (c), 4. (d), 5. (a), 6. (b), 7. (d), 8. (b)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Direct and Indirect Speech


18. Tick () the correct option. Change the given sentences into indirect speech.Learner’s Drill Complete the story by filling up the speech bubbles. Rewrite the conversation in reported speech. Rewrite the direct speech into indirect speech with the help of the given pictures.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will learn about reporting the spoken words of a person in two ways—direct speech and indirectspeech. They will also learn different rules for reporting assertive, interrogative, and imperative sentences.



Begin by writing two sentences on the board– the first one in direct speech, and the second one inindirect speech. Both the sentences should convey the same meaning. Ask for volunteers to come to theboard and describe different rules for reporting speech. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.




The meaning of direct and indirect speech

Rules for changing:

(a) tenses


2

(b) the personal pronouns and possessive adjectives of the direct speech(c) expression of time and place in indirect speech

Reporting of different types of sentences such as:

Assertive sentences (statements)

Interrogative sentences (questions)

Imperative sentences (orders and requests)

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘direct and indirect speech’ using audio-visual aids.



7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, students can collect example sentences for reporting different types of sentences.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Fill in the blanks: 4(i) Direct speech is always enclosed within .......................... commas.(ii) In indirect speech, words expressing nearness in time or place are generally changed into words

expressing ............................. .(iii) In direct speech, we quote ......................... words of the speaker.(iv) The first word of the ...................... speech begins with a capital letter.


(i) A comma or colon usually separates.

(ii) In indirect speech, pronouns and possessive adjectives of the second person are changedaccording to the subject of the reporting verb.

(iii) We may report the words of a speaker in two ways direct speech, and indirect speech.

(iv) If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the reportedspeech remains unchanged.

3. Change the following sentences into indirect speech: 4(i) He said to me, ‘What are you doing’?

...................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Ravi said, ‘I am very busy now’....................................................................................................................................................

(iii) He said, ‘I have passed the exams’....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) She said to me, ‘Post this letter at once’....................................................................................................................................................

Ch.18-Direct and Indirect Speech



4

WORKSHEETCh.18-Direct and Indirect Speech

GRAMMAR1. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:

(i) He said to us, ‘When will they come’? ________________________________________

(ii) He said to them, ‘Are you coming homewith me’? ________________________________________

(iii) I said to him, ‘Are you feeling well’? ________________________________________

(iv) The stranger said to me, ‘Where do you live’? ________________________________________

(v) Alok said to me, ‘Do you like coffee’? ________________________________________

(vi) She said to him, ‘Why did you come late’? ________________________________________

(vii) Dinesh said to Jatin, ‘Will you not help me tocarry this box’? ________________________________________

(viii) I said to her, ‘What were you eating’? ________________________________________

(ix) Riya said to Shruti, ‘Do you know whereRonit is’? ________________________________________

(x) He said to her, ‘What do you want’? ________________________________________

2. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:(i) Tanmay said to Tarun, ‘Go away’. ________________________________________

(ii) The police officer said, ‘Let no one leavethe room’. ________________________________________

(iii) He said to her, ‘Please wait here till I return’. .________________________________________

(iv) The teacher said to the students, ‘Do not talkin the classroom.’ ________________________________________

(v) He said, ‘Be quiet and listen’. ________________________________________

(vi) The judge said, ‘Call the next witness’. ________________________________________

(vii) Varun said to Shivani, ‘Bring me a cup of tea’. ________________________________________

(viii) The doctor said to the patient, ‘Take completerest and follow my direction’. ________________________________________

(ix) She said to her friend, ‘Do not tell a lie’. ________________________________________

(x) The boy said to his friend, ‘Let us go out’. ________________________________________


5

VOCABULARY

Some verbs are frequently used as ‘reporting verbs’ in the direct and indirect speech. A list of suchverbs is given below. You are required to write past tense forms of such verbs:

Basic form of the verb Past tense form of the verb

1. command ________________________________

2. demand ________________________________

3. forbid ________________________________

4. wonder ________________________________

5. enquire ________________________________

6. exclaim ________________________________

7. congratulate ________________________________

8. advise ________________________________

9. order ________________________________

10. pray ________________________________

11. applaud ________________________________

12. propose ________________________________

13. bid ________________________________

14. suggest ________________________________

15. ask ________________________________

16. remark ________________________________

17. request ________________________________

18. urge ________________________________

19. regret ________________________________

20. say ________________________________

21. shout ________________________________

6

TEST PAPER





1. Words expressing nearness in time or place are generally changed into words expressing ...................... inindirect speech:

(a) proximity (b) distance

(c) space (d) none of these

2. Pronouns and possessive adjectives of the first person are changed according to the .................. of the reportingverb:


(c) complement (d) predicate

3. A .................... usually separates the direct speech from the reporting verb:

(a) comma (b) semi-colon

(c) full stop (d) dash

4. Which of the following verb tenses in the reported speech does not change, even if the reporting verb is in thepast tense?

(a) past perfect (b) past perfect continuous

(c) both past perfect and past perfect continuous (d) none of these

5. The tenses in the direct speech are changed if the reporting verb is in the ......................:

(a) present tense (b) past tense

(c) future tense (d) none of these

7

6. We quote actual words of the speaker in ......................:

(a) direct speech (b) indirect speech

(c) both direct and indirect speech (d) none of these

7. Pronouns and possessive adjectives of the second person are changed according to the ..................... of thereporting verb:



8. Direct speech is always enclosed within ......................:

(a) commas (b) invented commas

(c) colons (d) semi-colons

9. When we report an imperative sentence, expressing order or request, we usually use a ..................... structure:

(a) present participle (b) past participle

(c) to + infinitive (d) none of these

10. If the reporting verb ‘said’ is followed by an ‘object’, it is usually changed into ......................:

(a) asked (b) suggested

(c) urged (d) told

8

PROJECT WORK


Read the following conversation, and complete the passage. Write your answers in the space provided.

Amit : I want to order a big chocolate cake for my birthday.

Confectioner : When is your birthday?

Amit : It is tomorrow.

Confectioner : You can collect it by noon.

Amit told a confectioner (a) .................... a big chocolate cake for his birthday.

The confectioner asked (b) ............................ Amit ........................ .

Amit replied it was the following day.

The confectioner told him (c) .............................. by noon.


9

ANSWERS

Assessment1. (i) inverted (ii) distance (iii) actual (iv) reported2. (i) T (ii) F (iii) T (iv) T3. (i) He asked me what I was doing. (ii) Ravi said that he was very busy then.

(iii) He said that he had passed the exams. (iv) She ordered me to post that letter at once.

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) He asked us when they will come.

(ii) He asked them if they were coming home with him.(iii) I asked him if he was feeling well.(iv) The stranger asked my where I lived.(v) Alok asked me if I liked coffee.(vi) She asked him why he came late.(vii) Dinesh asked jatin if he would help him carry the box.(viii) I asked her what she was eating.(ix) Ria asked Shruti where Ronit was.(x) He asked her what she wanted.

2. (i) Tanmay ordered Tarun to go away. (ii) The police officer ordered that no one should leave(iii) He requested her to wait there till he returned. the room.(iv) The teacher advised the students not to talk (v) He urged them to be quiet and listen.

in the classroom.(vi) The judge ordered to call the next witness. (vii) Varun asked Shivani to bring him a cup of tea.(viii) The doctor advised the patient to take (ix) She advised her friend not to tell a lie.

complete rest and follow his direction.(x) The boy advised his friend that they should go out.

Vocabulary:1. commanded 2. demanded 3. forbade 4. wondered5. enquired 6. exclaimed 7. demanded 8. enquired9. ordered 10. prayed 11. applauded 12. proposed

13. bade 14. suggested 15. asked 16. remarked17. requested 18. urged 19. regretted 20. said21. shouted

Test Paper1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b)6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)

Project WorkDo it Yourself

1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Agreement of the Verb with the Subject


19. Tick () the correct option. Tick () the correct verb from those given in the brackets. Fill in the blanks with correct form of verbs.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will learn about various rules related to agreement of the verb with the subject.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson:••••• Begin by writing some sentences containing singular, plural and compound subjects on the board. Ask

students to point out the subjects and verbs used in the sentences. Ask for volunteers to come to the board,and describe at least five rules concerning agreement of the verb with the subject. Explain the meanings ofnew and difficult words.




The meaning of agreement of the verb with the subject

Various rules related to agreement of the verb with the subject


2

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘agreement of the verb with the subject’ using audio-visual aids.




Sometimes, when a compound subject, two or more singular nouns or pronouns joined by ‘and’, suggests asingle idea to the mind or refers to the same person or thing; the verb is used in its singular form, such as:

••••• Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.

••••• The rise and fall of the tide is due to lunar influence.

Students can compile a list of such compound subject with their use in example sentences.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Fill in the blanks: 4(i) When one of the subjects joined by ‘or’ or ‘nor’ is plural, the verb must be plural, and the plural

subject should be placed ..................... to the verb.(ii) Some nouns which are plural in form, but singular in meaning, take a ..................... verb.(iii) A verb must agree with its ..................... in number and person.(iv) When two subjects are connected by ‘with’, ‘as well as’ or ‘along with’, then the verb agrees with

the ..................... subject.


(i) The word ‘news’ always takes a singular verb.

(ii) A plural verb is used with words ‘either’ and ‘neither’.

(iii) The verb should be made to agree in number with its proper subject and not with the nouncloser to it.

(iv) If the subject of a sentence has two or more nouns or pronouns connected by ‘and’, weuse a plural verb.

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs: 4

(i) Gold and silver ..................... precious metals.

(ii) The news ..................... being broadcast by all major TV stations.

(iii) The quality of the apples ..................... not good.

(iv) Many a politician ..................... promised to make changes.

Ch.19-Agreement of the Verb with the Subject



4

WORKSHEET Ch.19-Agreement of the Verb with the Subject

GRAMMAR

1. Tick () the correct verb from those given in the brackets:

(i) No nook or cranny (was / were) left unexplored.

(ii) Gulliver’s travels (describe / describes) the four voyages of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship’s surgeon.

(iii) Sixty kilometres (is / are) a long walk.

(iv) Many a man (has / have) done so.

(v) Everyone of the boys (love / loves) to ride this motorbike.

(vi) Measles (is / are) especially common among children.

(vii) The cost of groceries (very / varies) widely from one supermarket to another.

(viii) Physics (was / were) my favourite subject in college.

(ix) There (is / are) several reasons why we must tackle the problem of global warming.

(x) His new trousers (is / are) brown.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs:

(i) Many a man ..................... dreamed of fame and honour.

(ii) The United States of America ..................... a country composed of 50 states.

(iii) The scissors ..................... on the table.

(iv) Either you or he ..................... mistaken.

(v) Time and tide ..................... for no man.

(vi) The ship, with its crew, ...................... lost.

(vii) Each of these students ..................... also a good player.

(viii) Mumps ..................... a contagious disease.

(ix) Bread and butter ..................... his favourite breakfast.

(x) Neither of the accusations ..................... true. .


5

VOCABULARY

Match the following plural nouns with their synonyms:

(i) amends (a) small pieces

(ii) annals (b) a marriage ceremony

(iii) belongings (c) the things and conditions around a person or thing

(iv) binoculars (d) compensation given or gained for some injurs

(v) clothes (e) merchandise or possessions

(vi) earnings (f) the outer parts of a town or city

(vii) goods (g) a record of events year by year

(viii) nuptials (h) a small tool used for picking up small objects or pulling out hairs

(ix) outskirts (i) items worn to cover the body

(x) premises (j) an optical instrument used for viewing distant objects

(xi) smithereens (k) a person’s movable possessions

(xii) stairs (l) money obtained in return for labour or services

(xiii) surroundings (m) a piece of land together with its buildines considered as a place

(xiv) tweezers (n) set of steps that lead from one level of a building to another

6

TEST PAPER





1. Some nouns which are plural in form, but singular in meaning take a .....................:

(a) singular verb

(b) plural verb

(c) auxiliary verb (d) transitive verb

2. A plural verb is used with the noun .....................:

(a) politics (b) police

(c) electronics (d) billiards

3. When two subjects are connected by ....................., the verb agrees with the first subject:

(a) along with (b) as well as

(c) with (d) all of these

4. A singular verb is used with the word .....................:

(a) either (b) neither

(c) each (d) all of these

5. A verb must agree with its subject in .....................:

(a) number (b) person

(c) both number and person (d) none of these

7

6. If two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by ‘or’ or ‘nor’, we use a .....................:

(a) singular verb (b) plural verb

(c) transitive verb (d) modal verb

7. If the subject of a sentence has two or more nouns or pronouns connected by ‘and’, we use a ....................:


(c) non-finite verb (d) regular verb

8. Two nouns qualified by ‘each’ or ‘every’, even though connected by and, require a .....................:


(c) transitive verb (d) none of these

9. A singular verb is used with the noun .....................:

(a) scissors (b) news

(c) spectacles (d) tongs

10. In sentences beginning with ‘here’ or ‘there’, the true ..................... follows that verb:


(c) complement (d) none of these

8

PROJECT WORK



Some nouns are used only in the plural, and followed by a plural verb. A list of such nouns is given below.You are required to write their meanings with use in sentences.

word meaning use in sentence

(i) assets the things that a company owns The company’s assets have grown.

(ii) environs

(iii) jeans

(iv) proceeds

(v) scissors

(vi) shorts

(vii) spectacles

(viii) tidings

(ix) tights

(x) trousers

9

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) nearest (ii) singular (iii) subject (iv) first


3. (i) are (ii) is(iii) was (iv) has

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) was (ii) describes (iii) is (iv) has

(v) loves (vi) is (vii) varies (viii) was(ix) are (x) are

2. (i) has (ii) is (iii) are (iv) is(v) wait (vi) was (vii) is (viii) is(ix) is (x) is

Vocabulary:(i) (d) (ii) (g) (iii) (k) (iv) (j)(v) (i) (vi) (l) (vii) (e) (viii) (b)(ix) (f) (x) (m) (xi) (a) (xii) (n)(xiii) (c) (xiv)(h)

Test Paper

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c)6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)

Project WorkDo it Yourself

1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Punctuation


20. Tick () the correct option. Punctuate the given sentences by using capital Letters wherever required. Punctuate and use capital letters in the given paragraph wherever required.Learner’s Drill Read the given extract from a famous story, and punctuate it.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will know the definition of ‘punctuation’. They will also learn about different types of punctuationand their use in sentences.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson: Begin by writing a few sentences on the board. Each of the sentences should have different types of

punctuation marks. Ask the students if they know the names of the punctuation marks used in them. Askfor volunteers to come to the board, and explain at least five commonly used punctuation marks with theiruse in sentences. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.




The definition of ‘punctuation’

Commonly used punctuation marks, such as full stop, comma, semi-colon, colon, question mark, exclamationmark, inverted commas, dash, hyphen, apostrophe and parentheses.


2

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘punctuation’ using audio-visual aids.



7. Modification and Differentiation:For homework, student can study correct usage of punctuation marks in British and American English, andsome major differences between the two styles.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :


(i) Semicolon (a) (:)

(ii) Exclamation mark (b) (,)

(iii) Comma (c) (;)

(iv) Colon (d) (!)


(i) The comma represents the shortest ........................... .

(ii) ............................ means the right use of putting in points or stops in writing.

(iii) The inverted commas are used to enclose the exact words of a ...................... .

(iv) The question mark is used, instead of the full stop, after a ................... question.


(i) The apostrophe is used to show possession and to indicate contractions.

(ii) The full stop represents the greatest pause and separation.

(iii) The dash is used in writing compound words.

(iv) The colon is used after interjections.

Ch.20-Punctuation



4

WORKSHEETCh.20-Punctuation

GRAMMAR

1. Insert appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences:

(i) Its been a long day.

(ii) Bring your own pens pencils rulers etc.

(iii) Relatives friends colleagues all deserted her.

(iv) Have you seen the film yet.

(v) Mother Teresa was a kind large hearted woman and we all respected her.

(vi) It was a true amazing and incredible story.

(vii) What a terrible storm it is.

(viii) He asked what time will they arrive.

(ix) Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the highest mountain in the world.

(x) Dickenss novels provide a wonderful insight into Victorian England

2. Use capital letters in the following sentences wherever required:

(i) the first recorded efforts to reach everest’s summit were made by british mountaineers.

(ii) the population of ladakh is predominantly buddhist.

(iii) our own species, homo sapiens, probably evolved in africa, but nobody really knows the details of where,when, or from whom.

(iv) william shakespeare was an english poet, playwright and actor.

(v) mars has two small satellites, phobos and deimos.

(vi) there are two ice giants in our solar system uranus and neptune.

(vii) the united provinces of agra and oudh was a province of india under the british raj.

(viii) the himalayas consist of a series of parallel ranges rising up from the ganges basin to the tibetan plateau.

(ix) pacific ocean is the largest of the world’s oceans, lying between america to the east and asia and australasiato the west.

(x) the kathmandu valley is the most developed and populated place in nepal.


5

VOCABULARY

Punctuation marks show the reader where sentences start and finish, and if they are used properly,they make writing easy to understand. A list of some commonly used punctuation is given below.Write correct marks or signs for these punctuation.

1. parenthesis _______________

2. question mark _______________

3. inverted commas (quotation marks) _______________

4. ellipsis _______________

5. semicolon _______________

6. hyphen _______________

7. apostrophe _______________

8. comma _______________

9. exclamation mark _______________

10. colon _______________

11. dash _______________

12. full stop (period) _______________

6

TEST PAPER


Ch.20-Punctuation



1. The is ............................. used in writing compound words:

(a) dash (b) colon

(c) hyphen (d) apostrophe

2. We use ....................... after an indirect question:

(a) exclamation mark (b) full stop

(c) question mark (d) semicolon

3. Capitals are used:

(a) to begin a sentence (b) to begin each new line of a poem

(c) to begin all proper nouns (d) all of these

4. The symbol for ‘semicolon’ is:

(a) , (b) :

(c) ; (d) !

5. A full stop is also called a:

(a) colon (b) comma

(c) dash (d) period

7

6. Punctuation means the right use of putting in points or stops in:

(a) reading (b) speaking

(c) writing (d) listening

7. The full stop is used:

(a) to close a statement or a command (b) after abbreviations

(c) to indicate a decimal fraction (d) all of these

8. The symbol for ‘parentheses’ is:

(a) ( ) (b) { }

(c) [ ] (d) none of these

9. An assertive sentence can be ended by a/an:

(a) exclamation mark (b) full stop

(c) question mark (d) colon

10. The greatest pause and separation is represented by a .................................. .

(a) full stop (b) comma

(c) semicolon (d) colon

8

PROJECT WORK


Punctuation marks are essential when you are writing. They show the reader where sentences startand finish. Proper use of punctuation marks makes writing easy to understand. Use each of thefollowing punctuation marks in four sentences.

1. Comma (,)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Semicolon (;)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. inverted commas (‘‘ ’’)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. apostrophe (’)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Ch.20-Punctuation

9

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (a)2. (i) pause (ii) Punctuation (iii) speaker (iv) direct3. (i) T (ii) T (iii) F (iv) F

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) It’s been a long day.

(ii) Bring your own pens, pencils, rulers, etc.(iii) Relatives, friends, colleagues: all deserted her.(iv) Have you seen the film yet?(v) Mother Teresa was a kind, large-hearted woman; and we all respected her.(vi) It was a true, amazing and incredible story.(vii) What a terrible storm it is!(viii) He asked, ‘‘What time will they arrive?’’(ix) Mount Everest (in the Himalayas) is the highest mountain in the world.(x) Dickens’s novels provide a wonderful insight into Victorian England.

2. (i) The first recorded efforts to reach Everest’s summit were made by British mountaineers.(ii) The population of Ladakh is predominantly Buddhist.(iii) Our own species, Homo sapiens, probably evolved in Africa, but nobody really knows the details of

where, when, or from whom.(iv) William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor.(v) Mars has two small satellites, Phobos and Deimos.(vi) There are two ice giants in our solar system: Uranus and Neptune.(vii) The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj.(viii) The Himalayas consist of a series of parallel ranges rising up from the Ganges basin to the Tibetan

plateau.(ix) Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world’s oceans, lying between America to the east and Asia and

Australasia to the west.(x) The Kathmandu Valley is the most developed and populated place in Nepal.

Vocabulary:1. ( ( ) ) 2. ( ? ) 3. ( ‘‘ ’’ ) 4. ( … )5. ( ; ) 6. ( - ) 7. ( ' ) 8. ( , )9. ( ! ) 10. ( : ) 11. ( – ) 12. ( . )

Test Paper1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d)6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapter : Words Liable to be Confused and Misused


21. Fill in the blanks. Choose the correct words from the given alternatives to complete the sentences. Distinguish between the pairs of words by using them in sentences.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will learn about some words which are liable to be confused and misused due to their similarity insound or form. Knowledge of confused and misused words will certainly help students to properly differentiatebetween them.


3. Procedure to Open the Lesson:••••• Begin by writing any two words which should be similar in sound or form, but different in meaning such

as stationary, stationery or principal, principle. Ask students to use them in sentences to differentiate theirmeanings. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and write some other words which are commonlyconfused and misused in writing or speaking.




The meaning of words liable to be confused and misused.

Some of the words which are commonly confused and misused.


2

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘words liable to be confused and misused’ using audio-visual aids.




For homework, student can compile a list of some more commonly confused and misused words, apart fromthose given in the chapter. They can also use such words in sentences.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 3(i) vane (a) useless(ii) vain (b) a blood vessel(iii) vein (c) a revolving pointer to show the direction of the wind

2. Match the following columns: 3(i) route (a) a disorderly retreat of defeated troops(ii) root (b) a way from one place to another(iii) rout (c) the basic cause, source, or origin of something

3. Match the following columns: 3(i) sight (a) to mention as an example(ii) site (b) a particular place(iii) cite (c) view

4. Distinguish between the following pairs of words by using them in sentences: 3

(i) raise : _________________________________________________________

raze : _________________________________________________________

(ii) fare : _________________________________________________________

fair : _________________________________________________________

(iii) access : _________________________________________________________

excess : _________________________________________________________

Ch.21-Words Liable to be Confused and Misused



4

WORKSHEETCh.21-Words Liable to be Confused and Misused

GRAMMAR

Choose the correct words from the alternatives given below to complete the following sentences:

(i) He has been released on ............................ . (bail/bale)

(ii)) Economists ............................ sufficient reasons why people get into debt. (cite/site)

(iii) Listen to the ........................ of your elders. (council/counsel)

(iv) Herdsmen dwell in large tents made of........................ . (canvas/canvass)

(v) The president ended his visit by laying a ........................... at the war memorial. (wreath/wreathe)

(vi) Campaigners have said that they are prepared to …………….. the law in order toachieve their aims. (defy/deify)

(vii) The............................ of journalistic ethics compel me to make this informationavailable to the reader. (canons/cannons)

(viii) He seriously wounded a man in a ............................ . (dual/duel)

(ix) The humiliation was more than they could .......................... . (bare/bear)

(x) Your doctor may ................... a medicine for depression or anxiety. (prescribe/proscribe)

(xi) They tried to ................ the security guards by sneaking through a back door. (allude/elude)

(xii) The UN Security Council met in an emergency ..................... to discuss the crisis. (cession / session)

(xiii) The train was ................... for 90 minutes. (stationary/stationery)

(xiv) They found it difficult to expel illegal ......................... . (emigrants/immigrants)

(xv) The authorities did not ............................. to the strikers demands. (accede/exceed)

(xvi) He held the post until his untimely ............... in 2015. (decease/disease)

(xvii) He is very ......................... at dealing with the media. (adapt/adept)

(xviii) The house has a ....................... kitchen. (spacious/specious)

(xix) A large mirror in a room can create the ............................ of space. (allusion/illusion)

(xx) His .............................. from his family’s religious beliefs caused a lot of ill-feeling. (descent/dissent)


5

VOCABULARY

10 pairs of English words, that we are liable to confuse and misuse, are given below. Write themeanings of these words:

1. discreet : __________________________________________________________

discrete : __________________________________________________________

2. palate : __________________________________________________________

palette : __________________________________________________________

3. flout : __________________________________________________________

flaunt : __________________________________________________________

4. isle : __________________________________________________________

aisle : __________________________________________________________

5. desert : __________________________________________________________

dessert : __________________________________________________________

6. appraise : __________________________________________________________

apprise : __________________________________________________________

7. wary : __________________________________________________________

weary : __________________________________________________________

8. break : __________________________________________________________

brake : __________________________________________________________

9. censor : __________________________________________________________

censure : __________________________________________________________

10. complaisant : __________________________________________________________

complacent : __________________________________________________________

6

TEST PAPER





1. We may .................. an example or two:

(a) cite (b) sight

(c) site

(d) spite

2. I cannot .................. this stifling humidity:

(a) blare (b) bare

(c) beer (d) bear

3. The battle turned into a ..................:

(a) root (b) rout

(c) route (d) ruit

4. The sails are bound to the mast with ............................... :

(a) chord (b) cord

(c) cored (d) none of these

5. The voices of .................. were effectively smothered:

(a) decent (b) descent

(c) dissent (d) none of these

7

6. The nurse was having trouble finding a .................. in his arm:

(a) vain (b) vane

(c) vein (d) none of these

7. Students are liable to confuse and misuse words that are similar in sound or form, but different in ..................:

(a) meaning (b) origin

(c) position (d) none of these

8. The best view of the .................. is from the hills surrounding it:

(a) vail (b) vale

(c) veil (d) none of these

9. He cannot .................. his arms above his shoulders due to severe injuries:

(a) raise (b) rays

(c) raze (d) res

10. You have to go through an initiation .................. before you become a full member:

(a) right (b) rite

(c) wright (d) write

8

PROJECT WORK


There are many pairs of words in English that look or sound alike, but have very different meanings.10 pairs of such commonly confused and misused words with their meanings are given below. Usethese words in sentences.

1. adapt (become adjusted to new conditions) __________________________________________

adopt (take another’s child as one’s own child) __________________________________________

2. career (a profession or occupation) __________________________________________

carrier (bearer; conveyor) __________________________________________

3. complement (something that completes) __________________________________________

compliment (an expression of courtesy) __________________________________________

4. disease (illness) __________________________________________

decease (a person’s death) __________________________________________

5. flair (a special ability for doing something well) __________________________________________

flare (a sudden, brief burst of bright flame) __________________________________________

6. gate (a gateway) __________________________________________

gait (a person’s manner of walking) __________________________________________

7. hoard (a stock of money or valued objects) __________________________________________

horde (a large group of people) __________________________________________

8. peace (freedom from disturbance) __________________________________________

piece (a part of something) __________________________________________

9. pour (flow rapidly in a steady stream) __________________________________________

pore (be absorbed in reading) __________________________________________

10. tortuous (full of twists and turns) __________________________________________

torturous (involving pain or suffering) __________________________________________


9

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) (c) (ii) (a) (iii) (b)2. (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (a)3. (i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (a)4. (i) My friend’s grandmother has raised ever him ever since his parents died in a car accident.

The court permitted the municipal corporation to raze the illegally constructed residential establishments.(ii) The party which won the previous elections fared badly in the current ones.

I have studied hard and I believe that I have a fair chance of passing the test.(iii) The lawyer was denied access to the prisoner due to security reasons.

I have started buying excess supplies to stock up for emergencies.

WorksheetGrammar:

(i) bail (ii) cite (iii) counsel (iv) canvas(v) wreath (vi) defy (vii) canons (viii) duel(ix) bear (x) prescribe (xi) elude (xii) session(xiii) stationary (xiv) immigrants (xv) accede (xvi) decease(xvii) adept (xviii) spacious (xix) illusion (xx) dissent

Vocabulary:1. adj. careful and prudent in one’s speech or actions 2. adj. individually separate and distinct3. n. the roof of the mouth 4. n. a thin board on which an artist mixes colours5. v. to disregard a rule 6. v. to display ostentatiously7. n. an island 8. n. a passage between rows of seats9. n. a waterless, empty area 10. n. sweet food served after the main part of a

meal11. v. to assess 12. v. to inform someone13. adj. careful 14. adj. very tired15. v. to separate into pieces 16. v. to stop a vehicle17. v. to ban parts of a book or film 18. v. to criticize strongly19. adj. willing to please others 20. adj. sung and self-satisfied

Test Paper1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c)6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b)


1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapters : ‘Synonyms’ and ‘Antonyms’


22., 23. Solve the puzzle by filling in the synonyms of the given words. Solve the puzzle by filling in the antonyms of the given words.


The students will know the definitions of ‘synonyms’ and ‘antonyms’. They will also learn about some commonlyused synonyms and antonyms.

2. Materials Needed:

Blackboard, chalk, duster, student notebooks, computer with the Internet


••••• Begin by writing a set of five words with their synonyms, and another set of five words with theirantonyms. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and write some other words with their appropriatesynonyms and antonyms. Explain the meanings of new and difficult words.




The definitions of ‘synonyms’ and ‘antonyms’

Some commonly used words with their synonyms

Some commonly used words with their antonyms


2

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about ‘synonyms and antonyms’ using audio-visual aids.




For homework, student can compile some other frequently used words with their appropriate synonyms andantonyms with the help of a good dictionary and the Internet.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Match the following columns: 4(i) conceal (a) curse

(ii) repent (b) change

(iii) alter (c) regret

(iv) bane (d) hide


(i) dynamic (a) mock

(ii) admire (b) prohibit

(iii) permit (c) barren

(iv) fertile (d) static


(i) The antonym of ‘consent’ is ....................... .

(ii) The synonym of ‘abhor’ is ....................... .

(iii) A ....................... is a word with the same meaning as another word in the same language.

(iv) An ....................... is a word that means the opposite of another word in the same language.

Ch.22, 23-‘Synonyms’ and ‘Antonyms’



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WORKSHEETCh.22, 23-‘Synonyms’ and ‘Antonyms’

GRAMMAR

1. Find the synonyms of the underlined words from the word box:regret danger win trust tirednessdetest concise confess curse obey

(i) Rain is the bane of holidaymakers.(ii) Alexander set out to conquer new territory.(iii) Introductions were brief and polite.(iv) He urged his listeners to repent.(v) They were nearly dead with fatigue.(vi) Healthcare professionals abhor politician’s interference in the National Health Service.(vii) I said I would abide by their decision.(viii) I have to admit my true age.(ix) The boat tilted and boatmen cried out in alarm.(x) The exam results encouraged the belief that he was a good teacher.

2. Find the antonyms of the underlined words from the word box:discord float reveal deny lenientcheerful repel demolish departure lend

(i) You must rid yourself of this gloomy mood.(ii) He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.(iii) This company is very strict about punctuality.(iv) Shops are being forced to put their prices down in order to attract customers.(v) Members can borrow up to ten books from the library at any one time.(vi) He was ashamed to admit to his mistake.(vii) There are plans to construct a new road bridge.(viii) The train’s approximate time of arrival is 10.30.(ix) Wood does not sink in water.(x) The couple dwelt together in harmony and concord.


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VOCABULARY

Write the synonyms and antonyms of the following words:

Word Synonym Antonym

(i) honesty ............................................... ...............................................

(ii) fame ............................................... ...............................................

(iii) knowledge ............................................... ...............................................

(iv) luxury ............................................... ...............................................

(v) comfort ............................................... ...............................................

(vi) peace ............................................... ...............................................

(vii) smile ............................................... ...............................................

(viii) satisfaction ............................................... ...............................................

(ix) praise ............................................... ...............................................

(x) admittance ............................................... ...............................................

(xi) hope ............................................... ...............................................

(xii) freedom ............................................... ...............................................

(xiii) victory ............................................... ...............................................

(xiv) excess ............................................... ...............................................

(xv) bravery ............................................... ...............................................

(xvi) reveal ............................................... ...............................................

(xvii) forgiveness ............................................... ...............................................

(xviii) mercy ............................................... ...............................................

(xix) fact ............................................... ...............................................

(xx) friend ............................................... ...............................................

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TEST PAPER





1. Synonym of ‘forgive’ is .....................:

(a) pardon (b) help

(c) sympathize (d) rescue

2. Synonym of ‘belief’ is .....................:

(a) hope (b) faith

(c) consent (d) humility

3. The words ‘active, dynamic, mobile’ are antonyms of .....................:

(a) forced (b) dull

(c) static (d) none of these

4. Antonym of ‘permit’ is .....................:

(a) allow (b) prohibit

(c) let (d) compel

5. Synonym of ‘famous’ is .....................:

(a) renowned (b) eminent

(c) distinguished (d) all of these

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6. The words ‘despise, detest, scorn’ are synonyms of .....................:

(a) hide (b) strict

(c) hate (d) discard

7. A ..................... is a word with the same meaning as another word in the same language:

(a) acronym (b) antonym

(c) homonym (d) synonym

8. The synonym of ‘anger’ is .....................:

(a) fury (b) rage

(c) wrath (d) all of these

9. A word that means the opposite of another word is a/an .....................:

(a) heteronym (b) cryptonym

(c) antonym (d) homonym

10. The synonym of ‘battle’ is .....................:

(a) conflict (b) struggle

(c) war (d) all of these

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PROJECT WORK


There are a lot of examples of different words being used in British and American English. Here area few of the commonest. Learn these words and find more such examples to write in the spaceprovided.

British American British American

1. aeroplane : airplane 2. anticlockwise : counterclockwise

3. aubergine : eggplant 4. biscuit : cookie

5. bonnet (of a car) : hood 6. boot (of a car) : trunk

7. drawing pin : thumb tack 8. dustbin : garbage bin

9. flat : apartment 10. football : soccer

11. hoarding : billboard 12. holiday : vacation

13. ladybird : ladybug 14. lift : elevator

15. lorry : truck 16. maize : corn

17. mobile phone : cell phone 18. nappy : diaper

19. postbox : mailbox 20. sweet(s) : candy

21. ....................... : ....................... 22. ....................... : .......................

23. ....................... : ....................... 24. ....................... : .......................

25. ....................... : ....................... 26. ....................... : .......................

27. ....................... : ....................... 28. ....................... : .......................

29. ....................... : ....................... 30. ....................... : .......................

31. ....................... : ....................... 32. ....................... : .......................

33. ....................... : ....................... 34. ....................... : .......................

35. ....................... : ....................... 36. ....................... : .......................

37. ....................... : ....................... 38. ....................... : .......................

39. ....................... : ....................... 40. ....................... : .......................


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ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) (d) (ii) (c) (iii) (b) (iv) (a)2. (i) (d) (ii) (a) (iii) (b) (iv) (c)3. (i) dissent (ii) detest/hate (iii) synonym (iv) antonym

WorksheetGrammar:1. (i) curse (ii) win (iii) concise (iv) regret

(v) tiredness (vi) detest (vii) obey (viii) confess(ix) danger (x) trust

2. (i) cheerful (ii) reveal (iii) lenient (iv) repel(v) lend (vi) deny (vii) demolish (viii) departure(ix) float (x) discord

Vocabulary:(i) integrity, dishonesty (ii) renown, obscurity (iii) learning, ignorance(iv) opulence, austerity (v) ease, hardship (vi) tranquillity, noise(vii) grin, frown (viii) contentment, dissatisfaction (ix) commend, criticize(x) entry, exclusion (xi) expectation, despair (xii) liberty, captivity(xiii) triumph, defeat (xiv) surplus, dearth (xv) courage, cowardice(xvi) disclose, conceal (xvii) pardon, punishment (xviii) pity, cruelty(xix) reality, fiction (xx) companion, enemy

Test Paper

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d)6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (d)

Project Work

1. Do it Yourself

1

Teacher : ................................. Date : .................................

Subject : ................................. Period : .................................


Chapters (24-29) : Composition


24. Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow.25. Tick () the correct option.

Write formal and informal letters.26. Tick () the correct option.

Write essays on the given topics.27. Tick () the correct option.

Write messages in 50 words.28. Write notices to announce blood donation programme, and annual function of school.29. Write compositions viewing the pictures.

1. Objectives and Outcomes:The students will learn to write different types of compositions, such as letter-writing, essay-writing, message-writing, notice-writing, and picture composition.

2. Materials Needed:

Blackboard, chalk, duster, student notebooks, computer with the Internet

3. Procedure to Open the Lesson:••••• Begin by writing the definition of composition on the board. Also write types of compositions as given in

the textbook. Ask for volunteers to come to the board, and make a format for any type of compositionsuch as letter-writing, message-writing, etc.

••••• The teacher will show the complete lessons (24-29) to the students by using ‘Friends Smart ClassSoftware’.



That ‘composition’ is a short piece of writing about a particular subject, done by a student.


2

Different types of compositions

Hints to answer the questions which follow a comprehension exercise Main parts of a letter; types of letters Kinds of essays Hints for writing a message Main features of notice-writing The concept of picture composition

5. Closing:

Give more information to the students about different types of compositions using audio-visual aids.


Students will provide evidence in their notebooks what they learnt. The teacher will be able to assess thestudent’s understanding about rules and format for writing different types of compositions.


For homework, students can collect some pictures from different sources for practising picture composition.

3

ASSESSMENT


Name : Class :

Roll No. : Date :

1. Fill in the blanks: 4(i) ......................... is the ability to understand something.(ii) A .................... is a message that can be sent to a relative, friend or an official.(iii) ....................... is a written composition which gives expression to one’s own personal ideas.(iv) A .................. is a brief note written to the members of a family, friends and acquaintances to inform

about important commitments.


(i) An imaginative essay deals with abstract concepts like habits, feelings, social topics,qualities, etc.

(ii) Messages are more relevant when telephonic conversation is not possible.

(iii) ‘Notice’ should not have a heading.

(iv) A notice is a brief written copy meant to convey important information to people.

3. Make a format of a ‘notice’: 4

Ch.24-29-Composition



4

WORKSHEETCh.24-29-Composition

GRAMMAR

1. Read the passage below, and then answer the questions that follow it:The sun is the star at the centre of the solar system. It is by for the most important source of energy for life onearth. Its diameter is about 109 times that of earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the solarsystem. The sun is primarily composed of the chemical elements – hydrogen and helium. The sun formedabout 4.6 billion years ago. The sun may seem small, but that is because it is so far away. It is about 150 millionkilometres away from the earth. The sun is not stationary. It orbits the centre of the Milky Way. Besides thesun, the solar system is made up of the planets, satellites, asteroid belt, comets, meteors, and other objects.Questions:

(A) (i) What is there at the centre of the solar system?___________________________________________________________________________

(iii) What are the ‘diameter’ of the sun?___________________________________________________________________________

(iii) Which chemical elements is the sun composed of ?___________________________________________________________________________

(iv) Why does the sun seem small?___________________________________________________________________________

(v) What orbits the centre of the Milky Way?___________________________________________________________________________

(vi) What is the solar system made up of?___________________________________________________________________________

(B) Write the synonyms of the following words:

(i) important _________________________________

(ii) seem _________________________________

(iii) stationary _________________________________ (iv) orbit _________________________________


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2. Write a short letter to a friend, asking him/ her for a picnic together._______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. You are Sumit. Today morning you received a call from Arun, your brother’s friend. Your brother wason his morning walk. Arun asked you to please convey your brother that he was suffering fromfever. He is not in position to go to school today. He has asked your brother to inform the schoolmanagement about it._______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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4. Write a short essay on the topic ‘the Olympic Games’._______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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5. You are Amit / Amita, Head Boy / Head Girl, DPS, Agra. Your school is going to organize a trip toShimla during the summer vacation. Write a notice in 50-60 words for the school notice board givingthe details of the trip. Imagine all the details.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

6. Taking ideas from the picture shown below, write a composition on the rainy season, narrating whathappens during the season.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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VOCABULARY

Match the following words with their meanings:

(i) ambiguity (a) a polite expression used in place of unpleasant words

(ii) analogy (b) an isolated or incomplete part of something

(iii) appendix (c) the summing up of an argument or text

(iv) assignment (d) inexactness

(v) bibliography (e) a rewording of something written or spoken

(vi) citation (f) a preliminary version of a piece of writing

(vii) conclusion (g) a task allocated to someone as part of a course of study

(viii) draft (h) the process or a period of changing from one state orcondition to another

(ix) euphemism (i) a comparison between one thing and another

(x) fragment (j) a quotation from or reference to a book, or author

(xi) paraphrase (k) a section at the end of a book or document

(xii) transition (l) a list of books referred to in a scholarly work, typicallyprinted as an appendix

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TEST PAPER





1. A ....................... exercise consists of a passage, upon which questions are set to test a student’s ability tounderstand the content of the given passage.

(a) apprehension (b) comprehension

(c) incomprehension (d) reprehension

2. A/An .................... letter is written to obtain or give information about business, school, employment, etc.

(a) formal (b) informal

(c) anonymous (d) public

3. Which of the following is a type of essay-writing?

(a) descriptive essays (b) narrative essays

(c) reflective essays (d) all of these

4. A ................... is a brief note written to the members of a family, friends and acquaintances to inform /intimate about important and urgent commitments or requirements.

(a) message (b) paragraph

(c) notice (d) precis

5. A ......................... is a brief written copy meant to convey important information to people.

(a) passage (b) notice

(c) paragraph (d) precis

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6. Informal letters are generally written to:

(a) friends (b) relatives

(c) acquaintances (d) all of these

7. Abstract concepts like habits, feelings, social topics, qualities, etc. are discussed in:

(a) descriptive essays (b) imaginative essays

(c) narrative essays (d) reflective essays

8. Letter is essentially a communication through pen, paper and ink that reaches the addressee via the.................... system.

(a) local (b) electoral

(c) postal (d) traditional

11

PROJECT WORK


You are Vivek. Your father had recently gone for a health check. You received the call when thedoctor rang up to give the report. As you have to go out, you leave a message for him. Draft themessage in not more than 40 words. The conversation took place like below.

Dr. Ravi : Is it 57980768?

You : Yes it is. May I know who is calling?

Dr. Ravi : I am Dr. Ravi from Navjeevan Surgical Centre and Nursing Home. I would like to talk toMr. Sudhir.

You : He is not here at this moment.

Dr. Ravi : Could you please tell him that I have gone through all his test reports? They do not show anyserious problem. If no improvement is seen during that period, we will go for some more tests.I feel he should continue the same medicine for another one week. However I have fixed anappointment with a heart specialist for two o’clock tomorrow at Rainbow Hospital. He mustcome there by the appointed time with his reports.

You : Thank you, doctor. I shall convey your message when he comes.


12

ANSWERSAssessment

1. (i) comprehension (ii) letter (iii) essay (iv) message2. (i) F (ii) T (iii) F (iv) T

3. Notice

< Name of the Institution >

< Heading >

< Date of issue >

< Matter ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________>(Person in-charge)

< Signature >

< Name >

< Designation >

WorksheetGrammar:1. A. (i) The sun is at the centre of the solar system.

(ii) Sun’s diameter is about 109 times that of earth.(iii) The sun composed of the chemical elements– hydrogen and helium.(iv) The sun seems small because it is 150 million kilometres away from the earth.(v) The sun orbits the centre of the Milky Way.(vi) The solar system is made up of the planets, satellites, asteroid belt, comets, meteors, and other objects.

B. (i) significant (ii) appear (iii) motionless (iv) circle

2. Do it yourself.

3. Today morning some Arun had called upon you when you were out on morning walk. In fact, he wanted to talkto you for a favour from you. He has left a message for you that he will not go to school today. He is sufferingfrom fever. He has requested you to inform the school management on his behalf, and get the leave grantedfor him. He will submit the leave application the next day.

4. Do it yourself.

5. A trip to Shimla has been organized by the school for classes VI to VIII. The trip will extend from Ist June,2019 to 10th June, 2019. The students will be accompanied by four teachers. The cost of the transport,

13

boarding, lodging and food will amount to Rs. 5000/- per student. Interested students can give their names alongwith the mentioned amount of money to the undersigned by 30th April, 2019.

AmitHead Boy

6. Do it yourself.

Vocabulary:(i) (d) (ii) (i) (iii) (k)(iv) (g) (v) (l) (vi) (j)(vii) (c) (viii) (f) (ix) (a)(x) (b) (xi) (e) (xii) (h)

Test Paper

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c)

Project Work

7 December, 20196.00 p.m.Dear Papa

Dr. Ravi Kumar rang to say that he had gone through your reports, and he could not find any serious problem.Other tests will be conducted if there is no improvement. You must continue with the medicine. He has fixed anappointment at Rainbow Hospital with a heart specialist. You have to be there at two o’clock tomorrow withyour reports.

Vivek

grammer... · 2020. 4. 6. · 1 teacher : ................................. date :...

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