GRAPHICAIDS

GROUP 6:FERRER

HERMOSILLAHERNANDEZMANGILIMAN

• Also called “VISUAL AIDS”.• Communicate facts to the readers.• Conveys a thousand words in just a glance.• Used by researchers, technical writers, reporters

and students.• It presents information in pictorial form or in

other specific formats in order to consolidate, clarify or prove the written material.

• Helps to enhance comprehension.

TABLESBAR GRAPHLINE GRAPH

GEENA MARIS

MANGILIMAN

• Tables are used when the reader must identify exact values.

• Tables arrange data in a manner that makes them easy to read and understand.

• Tables present large amounts of data in a simple, brief, and clear linear format.

• Tables use rows and columns to give data or descriptions.

•Example: Favorite Pets of Students

Dogs Cats Fish Birds Other

820 700 350 230 400

• Bar Graph is a chart that compares the relative amount of items by using parallel rectangular bars of varying lengths.

• Bar graphs can be vertical or horizontal.• Illustrate specific points or to present information

contained in the text in a visual format that is easily understood by readers.

• Present numerical data pictorially, helping readers visualize relationships among data.

• The difference in the level of water at high tide and low tide varies from place to place, and from day to day. The average difference between high tide and low tide water levels at Portland, Maine is 9 feet and 1 inch. At Sandy Hook, New Jersey, it is 4 feet and 8 inches. The difference at Boston, Massachusetts, is 9 feet and 6 inches. At Key West, Florida, it is 1 foot and 10 inches.

•Example: Average differences in water levels: High and low tide

• Also called “POINT TO POINT GRAPH”.• Points are connected to show relationships

between two or more items.• There may be one or more lines depending on

the items.• Great for emphasizing relationships or trends of

data.• Commonly used for portraying functions in which

time is the independent variable.

• Example:

PIE GRAPHPICTOGRAPHORGANIZATIONAL CHARTGANTT CHART

DONNA HERMOSILL

A

• A specialized graph used in statistics. Independent Variable: plotted around a circle in

either a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction.

Dependent Variable: (usually a percentage) is rendered as an arc whose measure is proportional to the magnitude of the quantity.

• Shows comparison. It can easily see which item is the most popular and

which is the least popular.• Applications of pie charts: Business- show the success or failure of certain

products or services. School- showing how much time is allotted to each

subject. Home- useful when figuring out your diet.

• Example:

• Uses picture symbols to convey the meaning of statistical information.

• Pictographs should be used carefully because the graphs may, either accidentally or deliberately, misrepresent the data. This is why a graph should be visually accurate.

• Example:

• A diagram that shows outlines of the internal structure of a company.

• This chart is the most common visual depiction of how an organization is structured.

• It outlines the roles, responsibilities and relationships between individuals within an organization.

• An organizational chart is also called an org chart.

• Three types of organizational chart structures: Hierarchical- the most common with higher ranking

individuals situated a top the chart and lower ranking persons found below them.

Flat or Horizontal Chart- depicts individuals along the same level, not placing greater importance to an individual's title by placing them above any other individual.

Matrix- a structure that is more complicated, with individuals grouped by their common skill-sets but also by the groups in which they work and people they may report to.

• Hierarchical:

• Flat or Horizontal Chart:

• Matrix:

• A horizontal bar chart developed as a production control tool in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt, an American engineer and social scientist.

• It provides a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan, coordinate, and track specific tasks in a project.

• This chart may be simple versions created on graph paper or more complex automated versions created using project management applications such as Microsoft Project or Excel.

• It has rectangular bars and the length of each bar is proportional to the time value necessary for each task on the work breakdown structure.

• Example:

DOT CHARTDIAGRAMDRAWINGMAPS

ELVINCEFERRER

• Is a statistical chart consisting of data points plotted on fairly scale using filled in circles.

• Two versions:By Leland Wilkinson- depicts distribution.By William Cleveland- alternative to the bar chart,

in which dots depicts quantitative values associated with categorical variables.

• By Wilkinson:

• By Cleveland:

• A two dimensional geometric symbolic representation of information using visualization technique.

• The term diagram in its commonly used sense can have a general or specific meaning:

Visual Information Device: Like the term "illustration" the diagram is used as a collective term standing for the whole class of technical genres, including graphs, technical drawings and tables.

Specific Kind of Visual Display: This is the genre that shows qualitative data with shapes that are connected by lines, arrows, or other visual links.

• Visual information:

• Specific Kind of Visual Display:

• Useful in portraiting a rare object. It helps reader to visualize and understand the subject. It can also show emphasis and details.

• Examples:

• Basically used for identifying position or describing a certain location. It gives a clear view about the place or location.

• Varieties of maps are drawn to understand the patterns of the regional distributions or the characteristics of variations over space these maps are known as the distribution maps or thematic maps.

• Classification of Thematic Maps based on Method of Construction:

Quantitative/ Statistical Maps- numerically measurable Qualitative/Non-Quantitative- non-measurable

• There are three types of quantitative maps:

Dot maps- dot maps are drawn to show the distribution of phenomena such as population, cattle, types of crops, etc. The dots of same size as per the chosen scale are marked over the given administrative units to highlight the patterns of distributions.

• Dot maps:

Choropleth maps- These are maps, where areas are

shaded according to a prearranged key, each shading or colour type representing a range of values. Choropleth maps are also appropriate for indicating differences in land use, like the amount of recreational land or type of forest cover.

• Choropleth maps:

Isopleth maps- Isopleth maps differ from choropleth

maps in that the data is not grouped to a pre-defined unit like a city district. These maps can take two forms:

o Lines of equal value are drawn such that all values on one side are higher than the "isoline" value and all values on the other side are lower, or

o Ranges of similar value are filled with similar colours or patterns

• Isopleth maps:

PICTURE OR PHOTOGRAPHSUGGESTION IN USING GRAPHIC AIDS

APRIL JOY HERNANDEZ

• Most realistic and dramatic representation of physical features.

• Clarity of it is achieved through good lightning, wisely chosen camera angle, and an absence of irrelevant background detail.

• In a good photograph, the reader can see exactly what the writer is talking about.

• Our photographs tell us what is important to us

• Photographs are part of our legacy

• Photographs allow us to share and to communicate

• Photography makes us artists

• Photography is a complex language

• Photography has the power to move us

• Suggestion in using Graphic Aids:

Make them appropriate to the situation. Label them completely. Place them in an appropriate location for proper

formatting. Integrate them with the text. Report accurately.