great church chrlst

SOME NOTES SLAVIC TRANSLATION OF KONSTANTINOS

GREAT CHURCH CHRlST

Rev. KONSTANTINOS TERZOPOULOS

SOME NOTES SLAVIC TRANSLATION OF KONSTANTINOS BYZANTIOS'

GREAT CHURCH

CHRIST1

Rev. KONSTANTINOS TERZOPOULOS ThD, Byzantine Mu sicology

his 1866 Biography of th e Patri arch of Const antinople Kon st antios

Theodoros menti ons the matter of fact fashion quoted

1. paper wotIld have been poss ible without the blessings and financial assistance of His Eminence Dem etrios , Orthod ox Archbishop of America, the form of the

Scholarship for which am gra teful. along with the gracious hospitality and assistance of the cha ncelJor of the Greek Orthodox Arc hdiocese of America, His G race Savas, I3ishop of

afforded me the travel New York , where was a ble study the Neofit SIavic first hand.

2. Theo do rou AristokIeous, lou

line:j

1866), 14, 64-6. mentioning the rich liturgical life of the Patri archal Church of SI. Geo rge the Phan ar district of Constantinop le during Patr iarch Konstant ios I's pa triarc hate,

Ar istokles recalls people and events as only a first-hand could. H is intimate recol- from the litu rgical life of the Patriarchal Church are also due to the fact that he as

Patri archal four yea rs, next to the Protopsalt es Konstanti nos. His de-scription of the Pat riarc h Konstantios' serene and inspired presiding over the sacred is ac-co mpa nied by a note, the Protopsaltes It is this note that Ar istokIes draws agai n his intima te, firs t-ha nd knowIedge of the ProtopsaItes Konstant inos' life and works. His desc ription of the chanter's birth, retirement and dea th is the mai n source for anyone who would

write Konstantinos' life.

498 Rev. Konstantinos Terzopoulos

that the Typikon of the G1'eat Chu1'ch compiled by the then topsaltes at the Chu1'ch, Konstantinos Byzantios, was t1'anslated to the Slavonic language. This little piece of info1'mation from Th. Ari stokJes' note the Protopsaltes Konstantionos' and wo1'ks subsequently makes its way a numbe1' of secondary The 1'ealityrega1'ding this piece of info1'mation the t1'anslation and all the othe1' that quote it, howeve1',is that mentions who t1'anslated the typikon, 01' where 01' when it was publi shed.

Both Th. Ar istokles and Geo. w1'ite an unambiguous man-ne1'of the existence of Konstantinos ' Typikon Slavonic t1'anslation , but all my 1'esea1'ch and t1'avels th1'oughout the St. Panteleimon Russian Monastery Athos, the Pat1'ia1'chal Lib1'ary Constantinople, the Li-b1'aryat the Theological School the Island of Chalke and even my

the Theological Academy of St. Se1'gius Russia, my sea1'ching

Looming the back of my mind was also the fact that the Russian and Slavic Chu1'ches we1'e using the olde1' of the St. Savas-Studite syn-

thesis fo1' thei1' O1'de1' of Service. Hence, the question what Chu1'ch would have a use of such a typikon; what need would satisfy? While seems that Bulga1'ian historiog1'aphy 1'ecords Neofit Riski as the t1'anslato1' of stantinos Byzantios' Typikon scatte1'ed it is em-phasized, possibly due to the pa1'ticula1' ecclestiactical of the book gen1'e6

•

3. Konstantinou Byzantiou Protopsaltou, Typikon ekklesiastikon,1st ed. (Const antin opIe: Adelphon Ignatiadon, 1838); Konstantinou Byzant iou Protopsaltou, ekklesiasIikon, 2nd ed. (ConstantinopJ e: The Patriarchal Press, 1851).

4. Ge orgiou Papadopoulou , SymbolaI Ien Ies hemin ekklesIiasIiI(es moIIsikes: kai hoi apostolikon achri hemeron hemon akmasanIes ephipanesIeroi

mousikoi kai mousikologoi (Athens: Kousoulinou kai Athanasiadou , 1890; reprint, Athens: GkaJeri 'Koultoura' 1977),377, fn. 1124.

5. Pap adopoulou, Symbolai,337 f.n. 1124. Also, Georgiou Papadopoulou,

Ies byzanIines ekklesiastikes mousikes, apostolikon kaIh' hemas (AD 1-1900) (Athens: 1904; reprint, Katerine: Tertios Pub., March 1990), 171.

6. cf. Petko Asenov, NeofitRilski,1. izd. ed . Durzh. izd-vo 'Nar, prosveta', 1983); Blagoi (Sofia: Universitetsko izd-vo 'Sv. Okhridski" 1996); Luka Dorosiev

and na narodn ata prosvela , NeofiIRilski, knizhovniIsi pedagozi slIIchai mu (Sofiia : 1931); Rumi ana Kamburova-R adk ova, Neofit

Rilski novobulgQI'skata kultuI'a: polovina vek (Sofiia: Nauk a 1975); Met-ro politan of Nevrokop. Pimen, OIeIs Neofit 1 izd. et. (Sofiia: Sinodalno izd-vo, 1984); Rumiana Radkova , NeofiI Rilski novobulgarskaIa kulIura: polovina vek, 2, izd. ed . (Sofiia: Nauka 1983).

499 Some Notes the SJavic Translation of Konstantinos Byzantios

Whatever the case may be Bu!garian bib!iography, the fact does seem

have filtered its Greek counterpart anywhere that am aware of. Further-more, the lack of important details most sources connecting the S!avic trans-lation with the Constantinopolitan ecclestiactical and psaltic cuIture, fe!t, ranted the that follows, offering valuab!e details for both the gica! and musicologica! discip!ines.

The present arti cle, then, contains some preliminary notes my findings. After first summarizing some general information Konstantinos' Typikon and its importance, a short review of some important background of the historical milieu is offered, providing the bro ard historical environment for the Slavoni c translations. This is followed by a description of the actual Slavonic translation publication and, finally , a few points its Jegacy.

EKKl.ESIASTIKON KONSTANTINOS BYZANTIOS, PROTOPSALTES OF PATRIARCHATE OF CONSTANTINOPLE (t 1862)

The Typikon Ekklesiastikon compi!ed by Konstantinos Byzantios, Archon topsaItes of the Great Church of Christ from 1821 1862, was published

two editions. The first edition was publi shed the year 1838 and t!1e second edi- was published 1851, both Constantinop!e7

• third edition was prepared by its author 1852, but was never publi shed 8• the year 1888 a revision of stantinos' Typikon was prepared by a Patriarchal and Synoda! committee with the then Georgios Biolakes as its chairman. It is this publi cation and

7. Reprints would also be published at 1855; cf. Konstan tinou Byzantiou tou Protopsaltou, Typikon ekklesiastikon Ien Ies ChIistoHMegales Ekklesias, 9 Ekdoseis. ed . (Athenai:

Anto niadou, 1855); Konstant inou Byzanti ou tou P rotopsaltou, Typikon ekklesiastikon kata ten taxin Ies ChIis/OHMegales EkI,lesiUi,. Athenais: 1880); Konst antinou Byzantin ou tou Typikonekklestiastikon kata Ientaxin Megales

3. ekdosis ed. Ath enais: Ek tes typ. Antoniadou , 1855) . 8. Konst antinou Byzantinou Pr otopsaltotI, Typikon Ekklesiastikon. Ath ens : Private Co l-

!ection of Psachos, 216,1 852. The third edition manuscript form , an autograph of the Protopsa!tes Konstant inos, exists the private library of the !ate mtIsicoJogist Psachos. This private Iibrary collection has recentl y been acquired by the Musicology Dep artment of the Un iver-sity of Athens. entire chaptcr is dedicate d to Kon stantios and his Typikon n1Y doctora l dis-sertation, Konstantino\! TerzopouJO\!, protopsaltes tes mega!e s tou Christo\! Ekklesi as Kon-stan tinos Byzanti os: hc symbol e tou ste psaltike techn e' (ThD, Nationa! and Capo distrian Univcr-sity o f Athens, 2000), 153-75.

500 Rev . Konstantinos Terzopoulos

revision of the Typikon9 that is still used today the Greek-speaking Orthodox Churches throughout the world and, as we shall discern below, that has had a lasting influence the order of service and published typika of other Balkan Churches. The 1888 committee made minor revisions and corrections to stantinos' Typikon which are of consequence to our discussion the present article.

As a genre, two basic types of exist - the 'foundational' and 'liturgical' typika lO• Konstantinos' Typikon is of the purely liturgical type and represents the culmination of a tilousand-year tradition of spanning from Apos-tolic times to the present. The importance of his Typikon Ekklestiastikon ten taxin tes tou Megales Ekklesias (according the practice of the Great Church of Christ [read: Constantinople]) is that this is the first time since the 13th-century abandonment of the cathedral rite used the Hagia Sophia Church,

9. Ge orgi ou Typikon Ies Iou ChrisIOu megales ekklesias (Athens: Bas. D. Saliberos, nd) .

10. It is within the scope of this article to discuss the differences of the sc two types o f ka, as th is wouId take us far from our subject. It is, however, heIpful to mention here that the dis-tlnction betwecn ktitoric, test amental or foundation al and is basically a distinction of fun ction and, with regards to the genre, historical development. the ktito ric Iypika deal with th e founding es tablishment of a monastic community and the liturgical diataxeis de al almost exclusively with the orde r of worship followed by a community, one would be hard pr essed find a ktitoric typikon that did have some liturgical directions - wor ship be ing the ma in purpose for the cstablishment of a monast ery. That said, can be statcd that the typikon as a genre has its roots, after the apostolic writ ings, the ea rly asce tic tre atise s of St. Basi] the Grcat and thc Pachomlan monastic tradition and will emerge as a full -fledged genre the tenth centu-ry with the Nikon of the Black Mountain , Studios, Sabas. Evergctis and Th cod ore Studites

as imp ortant stations of developm ent and wh ich will combine elements of the cathedral and mon as-tic byzant ine rltes, later giving birth the various Athos the meantime, as far as liturgi-cal go, thes e Jerusalem-Studitc synth esis rubrics would be incorporated the Iiturg icaI and music al book s themselves - books Iike the menaia, horoIogia, katanyktika, charmosena trio idia and st icheraria - eventually finding their way the published JiturgicaI books. As different pub-Iisher s wouId publish from different maunscripts many inconslstencies resulted, thus creating the need for an authorltative ver sion of the that Konstantlnos' publication would For further reading see: Miguel Arranz, 'Le typikon du monastere du Saint-Sauveur aMe ssine', (Le typikon du monastere du Saint-Sauveur a Messine). OIientalia ChrisIiana Analecta 185 (1969); Aleksei Dmitrievsky, [Opisanie lituIgischeskikh" v"bibliotekah"PI'avoslav-nago VosIoka}, 3 vols .• Typika. Chast' 1895; reprint, [H iIdesheim, G . Olm s, 1965] ; Aleksei Dmitr ievsky, [Opisanie v"biblioIekakh"pravoslav-nago Vostoka), 3 vo/s., 11: Euchologia 1901; reprint, [Hildesheim , G . Olm s, 1965]) ; Alek-sei Dmitrlevsky, [Opisanie Iukopisei, v"bibliotekakh"PI'avaslavna-

501 Som e Notes the Slavic Transl at ion of Konstantinos Byzanti os

Constantinople that a description of the liturgicaI practice of the Patriarchal Church of Constantlnople emerges, fully described and codified. As will be ev-ident from the information presented below, this practice will have an effect

all the local churches that fell under the administrative and splrtuaI infuence of the same Patriarchate, not for the Greek speaking Orthodox parish church-es for which lt was intended, but also, especially through Slavic translation, for the Balkan Orthodox Churches of Bulgari a and Romania. It is the first time af-ter the Byzantine ep och and almost four centuries of Ottoman Turkish doml-nation that the 1iturgical adaptatIons to the monastic office as practised the Patriarchal Church are clearly revealed. It is important to add that these adap-tatlons were designed partIcularly for parish , not mon astlc practice. The monas-teries continued to use the more ancient, Byzantin e subject of the post-Byzantine liturgicaI typ ika one that has not yet been sufficiently studied.

combinatlon of three sources were used by Konstantinos his compila-tion of the Typikon , as he reveals the publi shed Prologue s:

• the opinions of various Patriarchs, • the writt en notes of past Protopsaltai, and • his many years of experi ence.

go 3 vols., Typika Chast' 2 (Pctrograd: 1917: reprint, [HiJdcsheim, G. Olms, 1965]); Io ann cs Kon iadares , Nomike theorese monasteI'iakon typikon (Athcns: 1984); Konstantinos Manaphcs, (Ath cns: 1970); J. Matcos, ' L' office monastiquc a la fin du ivc sicclc: Antioche Palestine, Cappad oce' , (L' officc monastique a Ja fin du ive sieclc: Anti ochc, Palcstine, Cappadoce), chIistianus 47 (1963); J. Mat cos, Le typicon de GI'ande

no. 40,Xesiecle, te.xte et notes, 2 vols.,

Analecta 165-6 (Rome: 1962-63); J. Matcos, 'L' office monastigue a la fin du ire siaclc: Ant ioche, Palastine, Cappodoce ', Oriens chIistianos 47 (1963), J. Matc os. 'Thc origin of the divinc office' ,

41 (1967); 10. Phountoulc, Themata, 6 (Thessalonikc: 1986); Robert F. Ta ft, Tlle Byzantine Iile: (Co llegevillc, Minn.: Litur gical Press, 1992); Robert F. Taft,

Byzanlium and beyond (A ldershot, Hampshire , Great Britain: Brookf ield USA : Vari orum, 1995); Robcrt F. Taft, The of lhe hOUI;5 East and Wesl:lhe ol'igins of lhe divine office and its meaningfor today (Collegevillc, Liturgical Press, 1986); Ro bcrt F. Taft, The liturgy of tlle lhe East: meaning, place the life of lhe (India: s.n., 1983); Robcr t F. Taft , Athos: Late Chapter thc History of the Byzantine Ritc' , DLLmbarton Oaks Papers (Washington, D. C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1988); John Th oma s, Angela Constantinidcs, and Giles Constablc, eds., ByzanlineMonastic Foundation Complete Translation oftlle

Founders' and Testaments, 5 vols., Dumbarton Oaks .xxxv (Washington, D. C. Dumbarton Oaks Resca rch Library and Colleetion, 2000).

11. Protop saltou , Typikon ekklesiastikon a-c.


Behind this last source is a notebook or which have 10-cated with my professor Gr. Th. Stathis a private library collection Athens. He begins his notebook the year 1808 and it he wrote notated chants, folk cures for minor ailments and other personal notes, but, most importantly, he kept detailed and notes the liturgical practices and commemorations as they took place the Patriarchal Church of St. George the Phanar, Con-stantinople.

Konstantinos began chanting at the Patriarchate 1800 as second Domestikos and was already Protopsaltes for seventeen years by the time the first edition of his Typikon was published 1838. put this perspective, one need re-member that during those first thirty-eight years of his chanting the Patriar-chal Church (he would chant another twenty-odd years yet) he would

less than seventeen patriarchs! While the Patriarch himself was leader of the entire liturgical assembly, the Patriarchal practice was a bit more complex than

the parish churches or even other cathedrals, due to the common co-cele-bration of multiple patriarchs, archbishops, metropolitans and bishops, so it was normal for the chief celebrant to often confer with the Protopsaltes particu-lar and special 'patriarchal' practices.

The fundamental problem that brought about the writing of the new Typikon, according to Konstantinos' Prologues the first and second published editions, was the so-called asymphonia or inconsonance the ways the various divine

were being conducted from church to church. For this reason, stantinos' Typikon, like most other early liturgical typika, concentrates the order of for days when various great feasts , seasons and saint celebrations concur or fall a Sunday - the day whose main commemoration is that of the Resurrection of Christ - as well as determing which lectjonary readings were to be used and clarifying questions as to which commemorations took prece-dence any particular day. Thus, it is an all important guide to how the gical assembly was to be conducted and remains so even to this day.

For the purposes of the present investigation we need mention how Konstantinos' Typikon is the main and most authoritative source today for the history of (a) the develpment of the typikon of the divine at the Ecu-menical Patriarchate of Constantinople during the post-Byzantine period and (b) the impo rtant place and role held by the Patriarchal chanters or psaltai with

12. KOl1stantinou Byzantiou tou Protopsaltou, Kuriou kyr GregoIiou. TypikonpeIieclzonIen Ies Iou Athens: Private Col1cct ion of Psacho s,

178, 1808.

503 Notes the Slavic Translation of Konstantinos Byzantios

the responsibility toward the of the order of worship taxis of the same Patriarcha! Church l3

• AJ! subsequent !iturgica! would simp!y make adjustments to refe!' back to Konstantinos' Typikon as a point of authorita-tive reference. That said, a !ook at the historica! backdrop for the S!avic trans-!ation is order.

HISTORJCAL MILIEU

During the first ha!f of the nineteenth century the Bu!garian people experienced the beginnings of their so-called nationa! While new socio-economic re-lations with their Ba!kan, eastern Mediterranean and centra! European neigh-bors are notable factors, the Bu!garian nationa! reviva! is more c!ose!y ed to an intellectua! flowering that resu!ted the formation of a nationalist Bu!-garian intelligentsia, especially between the years 1835 and 187815. The first per-sona!ity mentioned by most historians this respect is a certain Paisius of the Hi!andari monastery Mount 1762 he writes the first

13. Cf. AngeJou L. choroi tes megaIes tou ekkIesias kata

(Konstantinoupole i: 1935,37; Reprint two volumes from the periodical 2, 22-25; Gedeon, kai ptocheiapar' hemin tous chronous

(Konstantinoupolis: 1893), 59-65; Rall e, 'Peri axiomatos PI'aktiIw AlwdemiasAthenon 11 (1936): 66-70.

14. cf. Nikolai outIine (Sophia: Sophi a Press , 1968),46-64; Nikolai Todorov, Sho/"l BllIgal"ia, trans . from Bulgarian (Sophi a: Sophia Press, 1975),92-108. See a!so, Raina Gavrilova, clIItuI'e the eighteenth and nine-teenIh (Cr anbury, N.J.: Susquehanna University Press, 1999); Nikola i Gen chev, The garian RevivaIPeIiod (Sophi a: Soph ia Press, 1977); IJiia Konev , BuIgarskoto Vuzrazhdane

Prosveshtenieto (Sofiia: Izd-vo na Bulgal'skata akademiia na naukite, 1983); Iliia Konev, BuIgaI'-skoto vuzrazhdane prosveshtenieto: suznanie, vzaimodestviia (Sofiia : lzd-vo na Bulgarskata akademiia na naukite, 1983); Assen Nicoloff, The Resurgence (Cleveland, Ohio: NicoIoff, 1987); Velcho Velchev, Paissi HiIendar, [athero[the

(SoHa: Sofia Press , 1981). 15. Mikhail Arnaudov, StroiteIi buIgarskoto dLlkhovno vLLzrazhdane:

Neofit Rilski, Neofit Kl1iIendarski BozveIi (Sofiia: Sinod alno kn-vo, 1954); Thomas

Meininger, The BuIgarian Inte//igentsia: 1835-1878 (New ork and Lon-don: GarJand Pub ., lnc., 1897), 78ff.

16. Paisii and his role the Bulgarian revival see the following: Panko Anchev, Stranitsi tvoI'chestvoto vbulgarskataIiteraturna Stranitsi

...; (Varna: Izdatelska Kushta 'Andina', 1991); Nadezhda Dragova, izboIi sIa- Paisii negovata epolcha (1762-1962) = que//en


Hist01Y, which will earn him the title of founder of this Bulgarian nation-al revival. Written in the spoken Bulgarian of the people, the monk Paisius rais-es the conciousness of his people, exhorting them to be proud of both their his-tory and their language.

Take care, you readers and Bulgarian people, who love and keep close to your heart, your race and your Bulgarian coun-try, and who wish to understand and hear what is known about your Bulgarian race and your fathers, forefathers and kings, patri-archs and saints, how they once lived and fared. For you it is necessary and useful to hear what is known about the deeds of your fathers, just as all other tribes and nations know their race and language, have a history and as every man knows, s-peaks about and takes pride his race and language17

•

Another church figure, Sophronius, bishop of Vrasta (Sofronii Vrachanski, born Stoiko Vladislavov, continued monk Paisius' work with an emphasis education. He will author what is considered the first book print-ed the Bulgarian language, a

Three streams of developoment will feed the revival: [i] the growth of a pro-gressive bourgeoise, [ii] the penetration of foreign ideas and the Bulgarian voices of progress and the 1830s the Bulgarian intellectuals

Zlll · ''/SIOIija (Sofiia: Bulgarska akademiia na naukite. Institut za istoriia, 1962); Moskov, !stoIiiala Paisiia (Turnovo: Pan aiotov, 1893); Neshev, do Paisii: 1. izd. ed. (Sofiia: 'FIL.YEST" 1995); Bojan Penev, Paisi

[2. izd., znachitel'no dop. porpavleno] ed., Etiudi bu/garskata 1995); Boian Penev, Paisi [2. izd., znechitel'no dop. popravleno] ed. Etiudi vurkhu

kn. ! (Sofiia: Obrazovanie, 1918); Dimitur Penov , Otels Paisii fi/OJ'ol

= VateI'Paissija/s Philosoph der Gesc/lichte, Godishnik

'51/. K/imellt Okhridski '; t. 13; (Sofiia : Sinod alno izd-vo, 1963); Riccar do Picchio, La istoI'ija s/avellobo/garskaja de//a s/avia oI·todOJ'sa (Roma: Edizione di Recerhce Slavistiche, 1958); Velchev, Ihe EIl/ighlernellt.

17. Todorov, A 5hoI1HistoIY, 47. 18. Arnaudov, 5II'oite/i bu/garskoto. 19. cf. James F. CJarke, Thefirst book (Cambridge: Mass., 1940). 20. Meininger, The 78. cf. Demetriou Gone, ton Or1hodoxon

5eI'bias, 3rd ed. (Athens: Harmos Publications, 2001), 114-9; Nicoloff, The an

505 Some Notes the Slavic T ran sla tion of Kon stantinos Byzantios

and elite were educationally and linguisticalIy HelIenized 2'. Along with tl1e im-pact of the French Revolution, the 1807 Serbian uprising, the Russio-Turkish War and even the 1821 G rcek uprising, this rea lity helped to feed the BuIgari-an peoplc' s thirst for freedom. Th e Bulgarian now felt an urg cnt need to dcvelop native Bulgarian schools. The old monastery cell schools that had se rved them during thc long yea rs of Ottoman domination were not a po si-tion to meet the needs of the times.

The Bell-Lancaster monitorial educational method 22, brought to the Middle

E ast by English missionaries, had sprea d was wide ly used by the G reeks and by now passes to the Bulgarian intelIigentsia. Th e Bulgarian scholar, Peter Beron (1797-1871) would bc the first to try to impIement the method for the new Bul-garian schoo l, but it would be Vass il (1789-1842) who 1833 would ac-quire funds from merchants Od essa and Bu charcst to constr uct and es tablish th e first such Lan caster school the north-central Bulgarian town of Gabrovo. Wl1en would inquire to the Metropolitan of Turnovo as to who should te ach th e new sch ool a monk by th e n ame of Neophytos from th e Rila

who had received a Greek education Melnik (no rth of Pr ague) would be recommended.

21. Go ne , 117-9. 22. Mora Dickson, TeacheI' Josepll LancasIeI; 1778-1838 (Sussex, England: Boo k

Guild, 1986): Carl F. Kaestle , Joseph Lancasterand the SCll00l movement; docu- edited, with an notes (New York: Teachers College Press, [1973]) ;

Lan caster, The BIitish system being complete the and inventions practised by Joseph which is added, tl1e tIU5tees Ihe

school Col l oseph Milligan and by Will iam Cooper, Washington, 1812); l oseph Lancaste r, The PI"UCIiCal parts LancasteI"s 1mpI'ovements Bell's edited by David Salmon (Camb ridge [Eng.]: U niversity Press, 1932); 10yce T aylor, Joseph tlle

chi/d's edIlcatil1g I/w Ihe ea,.[y nineIeel1Ih (Kent: Cam panil e Press, 1996). 23. Loca ted the Rh odope MotIntains Bulgari a 70 mile s south of Sof ia, the

mon aste ry has played an imp ortant cultura l and ro le since its foun dat ion the 10th cen-tu ry by St 10hn of Rila . was designated a World Site 1961 by UNESCO 'as a symbol o f th-e 19th Century Bulgar ian R en aissan ce which impar ted Slavic cultu ra l values Ril a try-ing re-estab lisll an uninterrupt ed histo rical co ntintIity'; UNESCO, RepoIt Ihe 7th Session oJ Ihe ComInit /ee [W eb Si te] (2 1/0 5/2001 1983 [cited 16/06/2002); avail able fro m h ttp : //wch . unesco.org/sitesi216.htm . Also, 1989 the BtIlgarian Orthodox ChuI'ch regained title the mon as-te ry and was reinstated as a mon aste ry 1991. Fo r furthe I" read ing cf. An co An chev, The Rila

(So fia: Sofia Press, 1983); Mikhail Enve, RilaMonasteIY, 1st ed. (Sofia: Balk an Pub. Co . \Yith the ass istan ce of the 'Europea n Ce ntre for Edu cati on and Trainin g', 1997); T od or ka Ka-menova, MonasteIY ([Sofiia]: Sep tembri State Publishing HotIse, 1988); Dechkov

G eo rgi Stojkov, and Miiat ev, Tlle Rila wood-

506 Rev. Konst antinos Ter zopoulos

Born in thc town of Bansko as Niko!a Poppetrov Benin in 1793, Neophytos of the Rila mon astclY(or Ncofit Ri!ski, 1795-1881) was an itinerant monk teach-ing in the cell schoo!s (F igure 1). Upon being asked to take the sition the new schoo!, Neophytos went to Bucharest order to master the Lan-caster ian mon itori aI method, while also teaching at a Greek schooI there. Upon his return, the Gabrov o schooI would ope n wit!l a beginning class of about sev-enty pupiIs. The school would Iate r prove to be the cornerstone of a modern, na-tionwid e Bu!garian educationa! system. Thi s fact wouId aIso ea rn Neo-phytos the title of 'Patri arch of all Bu!garian scholars and pedagogues'24. Neo-phytos of would author many texts books, including a BuIgarian diction alY

carvingsed. Bulgari an Academy of Scie nces: Institute of Urb an ism and Arc hitec ture. 6, trans. Athan assov and Gospo dinov, BulgaIia'sA I'chitecIllI'al HeIiIage (Sofia: Bulgari an

Academy of Sciences, 1959): Margari ta Koeva, MonasIeIY (Sofiia: Borina, 1995); Margar ita Koeva, RilskiiaI manasIIrIpod redaktsiiata Koeva (Sofiia : 'Prof. Marin Drinov', 2000);Rilski manastir, monastyr'. Le monasIeI'e de Ri!a. (So fiia: Re klama, 1974), For gene ral biographies and works dea ling with Neofit's contributio n the genera] intellectllal life of Bulgaria during this historic peri od tlle foBowing can as a select starting

Va siIEvsta tiev ApriJov and Ivan D Shishma nov, Neofit Rilski, akade- kn. 21; studii oblasI vuzl'(lzhdanie;1;

filoso[sko-obshIestven; 13 (Sofiia: Pechatn itsa GIushk ov, 1926); Ar naud ov, bulgarskoIo; Asenov, Neo[iI Rilski; Pavlina Cal ova , 'Dejatel i bolga rskoj go rodsko j

vozrozde nceskoj muzyka'n oj kul' tury (Re prese nta tive figur es th e bou rgeois mus ical culture of the Bulgari an nati onal renaissance ', anIiqua: Acta scienIifica, V Bydgoszcz: FihaImo nia Pomorska im. 19nacego PadeI'ewskiego (1978) ; D Genchev, ateIia!i

vuzrazhdanie, nal'Odni nauka knizhnina; v, 3-13, 15 (Sofiia: Du rzhavna pechatnitsa, 1890-1898); Genchev, The BulgaIian Revival Gunnar Herig and Maria

Stassin opo ulou, Nostos: gesamme!IeSchI'iften Geschichte (Franfur t am Ma in; New ork: Lang, 1995): Kam burova-Radkova, NeofitRilski; G zhivoIopis

Neofita (Sofiia: Pechat nitsa na Gavazov Chomo nev, 1906): Rilski Neofit and Bishop of Stobi Arsen ii, kum biographiiata Neofit (Sofiia : SinodaIno izd-vo, 1984); Rilski Neofit, Docho Le kov, and Afro dita AJeksieva, PI'ipisI,i v mll,

aJ'khiv; 6 (So fiia: Izd -vo na Bulgar ska ta akad emii a na nauki te, 1976) ; Pimen OIeIs; Za khar ii Zo graf and SlIiuz na bulgarskite khudozhnitsi, Zograf' 1810-1853 (Sofiia :

'B ulgarski khudozhn ik' , 1980), 24. S, Arnaudov, bulgaI'skoIo; Asen ov, Neofit Rilski; Dorosiev and prosve ta, Neofit

Rilski; G one, Mei ninge r, The FoImaIion; Pimen, OIeIis; Radk ova, Relski; Ivan Sne -garov, PI'inos k"m biografiiata Neofit pisma do nego), (Contr ibution to the Biogra-phy of Neofit R ilski) (Lettcr s Gr ee k sent to Him» (So fia: B"Igarska na nauk ite, 1951).

507 Some Notes the Slavic TransI ation of Kon stantinos Byzantios

and the first Greek grammar Bulgarian25 •

This much the historical milieu should suffice for the purposes of this pa-per. The only thing left to mention is that Neophytos was taken as second teacher of Slavonic at the TheoIogicaI Academy of the Patriarchate of Con-stantinopIe the island of Chalke the scholarchia of Konstantinos paldes 184826; Church Slavonic was still the curriculum there 1903. At this point we turn again to the Slavonic translation of Konstantinos Byzantios the Protopsaltes' liturgicaI Typikon. It was this Neophytos of Rila who would translate thc second edition of thc Protopsaltes Konstantinos' Typikon.

C. 1853 SLAVIC

copy of the Slavic of Konstantinos Byzantios the Pro-tops altes' Typikon Ekklesiastikon, typilc" tserlcovnyi, can be found the Slav-ic Reserve section of the New York Public Library with the record ID number:

1. The Title Page (Figures 2 and 3)

The title page is quite informative and merits attention. Here is the full title:

Typik" tserkovnyi: chinu velikie tserkve / sobran"ubo

25. Rilsk i Neofit, Fototipno izd, ed . (Sofiia :

Nauka 1984); H.il ski Neofit , sega peIvo sochineJJ1a (V

U Tipografii, 1835); Rilski Neofit and Reinhold OIesch,

1835, Tablici, 1848, ForschLlngen, Bd. 41 Bohl au , 1989). 26, Aristide Pa sad aiou , Theologi/ce Schole Chalkes: Archotektonike (Athens: Sa-

CJ'ed MetropoIis of SwitzerIand , 1987),38-39. Also cf. Basileiou Th. Stavridou, He theologike schole tes chalkes: 1844-1923, (Athens: 1970), 137.

. --- - - 27. Bulgarska pra voslavna tsurkva, [Typikon, 1853} Typik" chinLl ubo tser/ce; s"

ego izdal1ie pJisposoben, eliko be, k" kl1igam" Neofy-tom" Ryl.skim"... I1Yl1epeIvee izdan" GeoI-giem trans. Rils-ki Neofit, ca. 1790-1881 KonstantinopoJi: V Patriarskoi Typografii 1853). thank Canon at the University of I1Iinois Champaign Slavic Reference Service for Iocating the id number and at the SJavic and Baltic Division of the New York Public Library, am espe cialIy grateful the Direc-tor , Edward Kasinec , for pJacing the Slavic room and its resources my disposal, as well as to t-wo of his helpful staff members, Hee Gwonc and Gizdavcic.


Konstanina protopsalta velikie tserkeve; prevedenzhe s" Grech-eskago ot vtorago ego izdanie, prisposoblen", eliko vozmozhno be, k" slavenskim" tserkovnym" knigam" Neofytom" Ieromonakhom" Rhlskim" , uchitelem" slavenskago iazyka bogoslovoskom" ezhe

ostrove uchilishti velikie Xhristovy tserkve, i nyne per-vee izdan" Georgiem" Protopsaltovichem".

Konstantinopoli: Patriarshekoi Typografi, [1853 - date ac-tually expressed Church Slavic letter form]

And its translation28 :

Church Typikon According to the Practice of the Great Church of Christ which was collected by Kontantin Protopsaltes of the Great Church of Christ, and was translated from the Greek of the second edition, and adapted as much as possible to the Slavic church books by Neofit, Hieromonk of Rila, teacher of the Slavonic language

the Theological Academy of Christ's Great Church the Island of Chalke and now printed for the first time by Georgios Pro-topsaltes. Constantinople, the Patriarchal Press , 1853.

Thus, clearly stated the title page are the following points: [1] The Typikon is that of the liturgical practice of the Patriarchal Church of Constan-tinople as complied by Konstantinos Byzantios the Protopsaltes of the Great Church his second printed edition . [2] The translation is from Greek into church Slavonic by the then professor of Church Slavonic at the Patriarchal The-ological School the Island of Chalke, Neophytos of Rila, known as Neofit Ril-ski Bulgarian. According to professor Matejic, the language used this edition is of a Slaveno-Bulgarian Slaviano-Bulgarian form, very close to the Rusian Church Slavonic Russian printed editions of the time and that had a

28. thank Prof. Predrag Matejic, curator of the Hil andar Research Library and director of Ihe Resource Centcr for Medi eval Slavic Studies at Ohio State Univ ersity, for gra ciously provid· ing this translati on, as well as for proofing other Slavic eJements jn thc pres ent paper . am also debted to Johnson (Pa sha) at the same Library for oIher Slavic bibliographic informatjon drawn part s of the pre sent paper.

29. Prof. Matejic also added that nineteenth-century hybrid literary langu ages such as Slaveno-Serbi an and Slaveno-Bulgarian were engendered, wher eby their own languages were written with Ru ssian Church Slavonic orIhography and with liberal borrowing of grammar. syntax and vocabulary.

509 Some Notes the SIavic Tran slation of Konstantino s Byzantios

sizable influence the written language of the Southern Slavs29 • Russian Church

Slavonic was the liturgicallanguage used by the Bulgarians. [3] The publisher's name is clearly identified as Georgios Protopsaltes. This is an interesting

that we will come back to shortly. [4] FinalIy, the edition is printed at the Patriarchal Printing Press Constantinople and the year 1853.

2.

the next page, page handwritten beneath the Slavic tIanslation of the quote from the Apostle Paul's first epistle to the Corinthians (14. 40) , is the

scription of the donor of the paIticuIar edition found the New ork Public Library, an Atanasuv, to his brother Nikola, dat ed 10 June 1872 . Pa ge contain s the editor 's dedication the Slavic bishop and eparch. Page is the Greek and states the folIowing:

The SIavonic Typikon tr ansIated from the second

of the Greek Typikon of Konstantinos Protopsaltes of the Great Chu rch of Christ accoIding ha s ecclesiastical approval to be freeIy distributed the faithfuI, for use the Sacred Church-es the citi es and towns. show this , the signed approval is giv-en and confirmed by the Patriarchal Seal. 1853 Greek letters] June.

Just below th is text is the PatIiarchaI SeaI of the of Constantino-ple Germanos and the names of tlle CentraI EccIesiastical Committee , thimos bishop of Ephesus and Pan aretos of Herakleia.

3. The Editor's Prologue the 1853 Edition

Pages and contain the editor's proIogue. Georgios Protopsaltes, a lso named the title page, identifies himself the prologue as Protopsaltes

30. G er ma nos twice as Patriarch of ConstantinopJe. Accordin g the official pub- of the Ecu menical Pat riar chat e, for the first time from 14 June 1842 to 12 Ap ril 1845 and

for a seco nd time fro m 1 November 1852 to 16 Sept em ber 1853, the yea r the Slavic Typ ikon is pub-lished.

31. the first edition of Konst an tinos' Typikon (Con stantinople, 1838) the last page (242) of the catalogtIe of contribut ors reveal s the names of his nin e Ge orgios is the thi rd child and Nikol aos is the nin th chi1dand of sons .


stantinos' Although not the first chanter of any ChUICh, as far as we know, he here takes his father's function as his !ast name, something his brother Niko!aos would a!so do when he wou!d pub!ish Konstantinos' Anastasimatari-on32 (a music pub!ication) 1865, thIee years after his fatheI's death. Iefers direct!y to his father, Konstantinos, as is still the case with midd!e names

modern Greek practice. pro!ogue offers va!uab!e information both the preparation of this

S!avic Typikon and Georgios Protopsaltes' pub!ication activity33. It ad-vances through the six consecutive points !isted be!ow.

From the very ouset [1] the editor makes repeated mention of the 'great ef-fort' forth order that his father's Ru!e of the Great Church reach the S!av-ic world. [2] He then expresses gratitude to Neophytos for his zea! and efforts

make sure the trans!ation wou!d be concord with the already existing Slav-ic liturgica! books, so as cause confusion. [3] use of the Chl1IChSlav-ic, or as he writes, 'pure Slavic', was chosen, order for the book be maxi-mally and of practical

GeoIgios Protopsa!tes next [4] makes mention of the time fl'ame and prob!ems encountered during the preparation of the pub1ication, as expressed

this quotation:

is known that much time has passed before the book was print-ed: but the de!ay was because of a !ack of effort and desire, or due some other reason, but was due the de!ay ofthe ol"dered characters that wel"e necessary for this edition and because the c!ean papel" we used took time find, as well as othel" diffi-cu1ties, as may be expected such an effort.

Aftel"Ward, [5] the editor l"evea!s his hope that the l"esponse of the Bu!gari-an peop!e to this publication wilJ encourage him finish another pub!ication that he had ol"iginalJy p!anned precede the printing of the Typikon, a 'brief Church History', as he calJs Finally, [6] he ends by dedicating both these books 'to those who value the S!avic !anguage', expressing once again his hope that the

32. Konstantinou Byzantiou, syntomon (Constantinople: Ch. G. Papadopoulos and Protopsa]tou. 1865). Another of the Protopsaltes Konstantinos' sons. Nikolaos, is coeditor with Ch. G. and expresses his name as Protopsaltou'

the title page. 33. am again indebted to professor Matejic for his translation assistance.

511 Some Notes the SJavic TransJat ion of Konstantinos Byzantios

favorable reception of the book will enconrage him to pnb!ish even other 'nec-essary' books the S!avic !angnage.

From this information we can conc!ude that this was iso!ated endeavor, btlt part of a p!an to supp!y the Bulgarian peop!e with a library of necessary Chnrch This also fits into the general historica! context briefly re-viewed above. FnrtheI"information is confirmed bya letter from Georgios

topsaltides of 10 September 1853 to Neofit the Ri!a Monastery preserved

Ivan Snegarov's, Prinos Biogl'afiata Neofit Rils/,i Do NegoY' , Entry 269, Docnment #498. this letter Georgios make s specific mention of the periodike Ekklesiastike Hiera by Of speci a! interest to the fie!d of Ecc!esiastical chant is Georgios' men-tion of certain mnsicalInathemata translated by one of Neofit 's

Chrestake, regarding which he asks Neofit's of their worthiness35 •

34. PI,i110S

35. official musi c publication of tl1e Patri ar chal Pres s ConstantinopIe (Easte rn dox Church, Palldekle les hiaas e!cklesiasti!ce5' hymno({ias holoII 4 vols., ] (Con-stantinople: ek tou patriarchikou ] 850) , Neofit is mentioned as also hav-ing transl ated eccJesiastical hymns 'according to the hyphos and rhythm of the prototypes'

use the and Sel'bian the same the of the music publication, Ioannes lampadarios and Stephanos first domestiko s of the

also mention his title as teacheI" of sacI'ecl slavonic philology at the Chalke TheologicaJ School, p raising his clee p knowl edge of Greek ecclesiastical mu sic. These hymns were never published

the Pandekte. The Snegarov, Prlnos Entry 269, Document #498. lettel" dated ]0 SeptembeI" ]853 discussed this could possibJy show that two afte I" the publi-cati on of tl1e music series began its editors stilI to make good their announcement. One last not e : while the editors of the musical publi cation the then 10ann es and First Dome stikos Stephanos , Georgios Protopsaltides' father, Konst antinos Byzant ios was still Protopsaltes ancl 011 tl1e official co mmittee with the approval of the music compositjons to be cont ain ed therein (cf. Church, Pallde!cte, There is evidence of Neofit being considered an accomplished ecclcsi astical chant composer Bulgaria also, as witne ssed to some recent musicologicaI (Asen Atansov, 'Z a avto rskite pesnopenija na Neofit RiIski

danni carkovnosJavjanskite rakopisni pevccski ot NacionaJnija mtIzej "Rilski singing from manuscripts by the Rila Neophyte (based the ]9th-c cntury

Slavonic chant from the Rila Monastery Library)), Balgarski muzikoznanle ] (]988); Calova, 'Deja teJibolgarskoj .' ; Raclostin a 'V eliko slavoslovie, glas 6 ieromonah Neofit Rilski (Th e great cJoxology the sixth cch os by the hieroInonachus Ne ophytos from Rila)" (Ve-liko slavoslovie, glas 6 ieromon al1 Ne ofit Rilski (The great doxology the echos by the hi-eromonachis Ne ophytos from Ril a)), BalgaI'ski "luz ikoznallie 24 2 (2000).) and the consi stent appearance of some of his compositions sound Iike the folIowing, Tania Khristova, 'Antique Bulgarian Chants" bII/garski pesnopeniia, ed . Kamaren ansam-bul 'AngelogJasniiat' (Sofiia : BaIkanton, ]967).

512 Rev. Konst antinos

Before the translation of Konstantinos Protopsaltes' Introduction from the second edition and the actual text, pages [vii-viii] contain a catalogue with the names of the people who supported the endeavor financially. The largest num-ber of supporters are from the Churches in and Philippoppolis (today Plovdiv).

4. The Between Neofit Rilski

Finally, Snagarov's collection of Greek letters to Neofit Rilski 36 preserves for us a copy of the contract between Neofit and Georgios for the translation of the Typikon, dated 4 November 1851 (Figure 4). Based this agreement date, it would seem that the typikon translation project took about two years to com-plete. Other details included the contract are that [1] printing and transla-tion expenses are to be covered by Georgios, the publisher, [2] the payment of a total of 3,000 grossia is to be made to Neofit in three installments - 700 gr . when Neofit receives the book, 1.300 gr. when Georgios receives the first half of the translation, and 1,000 gr. when the second half is completed - and [3] that the translation is to be made into Slavonic from the just published second edi-tion of Konstantinos' Typikon printed by the Patriarchal Press. ornate, yet easily understood translation with complete accuracy is requested. Neofit is al-so agreed to proofread and correct the printed sheets, if available in Constan-

One other in the Snegarov publication precedes the contract. It is a let-ter to Neofit Halke, dated 17 November 1851 and received by Neofit the following day, 18 November 1851, which contains the editor's indications that (a) the contracts have been pr epared by Mr Ioan G. and are ready to be signed, (b) the use ofwitnesses would not be (c) the editor's Introduction will be sent once approval is attained by the commission, and (d) a reminder regarding the correction of the manuscripts38

•

One other the letter from Georgios Protopsaltides of 10 Septem-ber 1853 to Neofit the Rila Monasterf9, we have already commented above.

According to Matejic, who has kindly checked over the Bulgarian materi-

36. Snegarov, PIinos k"m 371-2. 37. Snegarov, PIinos k"m 372. 38. Snegarov, k"m Entry 239, Document #422. 39. Snegarov, PIinos k"nz biografiiata, Entry 269, Document #498.

513 Some Notes the Slavic Translation of Konstantinos Byzantios

al for me, Snegarov notes that this document is signed Neofit's own hand and was accepted by both, each signing a This copy bears Georgios' sig-nature, suggesting that Georgios kept the copy with Neofit's signature his own possession.

D. LEGACY OF NEOI'HYTOS TRANSLATION AND OTHER LOCAL LITURGICAL TRADITIONS

1.

There exist at least three subsequent editions of Neophytos' translation4o•

The first important edition was published by the Turnovo Synod 1890 (Fig-ure 5) and is the Neofit translation with certain adaptations, showing its ty through an officially sanctioned Synodal edition4I

• The same Synod would ap-point the publication of another edition 1909, prepared by a Bulgarian priest named Ivanaicl1iff, who translates the Typikon into the neo-Bulgarian langu age and takes into account the Greek Biolakes his Rev. Chi-flianov adds that today the Bulgarian Church uses as its most recent edition a new translation by the Metropolitan Nicodemos of Sliven published 1960, which takes full account of the Biolakes revisions and local traditions43

•

2.

While the Neofit translation of the Constantinopolitan Ecclesiastical Typikon seems not to have directly affected Romanian practice, it is worth noting that · around the same time the Romanian Church was adapting its own translation of the Konstantinos Protopsaltes Typikon 44 As far as could trace it, the pro-•

gression seems to begin with a translation of the Konstantinos Typikon by a team

40. ChifJianov, 79, 81. must express gratitude the V. Rev Archim andrite and professor Blagoy for his above publicati on and assistance via 29 November 2001 telephone conve'rsation, as well as the Rev Fr Cyril Antonoff of Belleville . Illinois who was gracious enough

bequeath me his copy of the 1890 Turn ovo Synod edition of the Slavic Typikon. 41. Bulgarska pravoslavna and Sveti Sinod, siestustab. v,regodovoe

po,rlgdovanie khmtovy 13erkve, [Superscript a] tisheniema ed. (Veliko [s.n.], T ipografii Feodora. S. Furtllnova, 1890).

42. BioJake. Typikon les Megales Ekklesias, cit. 43. LiluIgika. . 44. Appreciation is due to Rcv Konstant inos Kara sarides, a Grcck pricst who studicd Ro-

mania and thcologian thc Archdiocesc of Athcns.

514 Rev. Konst antin os Terzop oulos

of two: a cer tain chanter by the name of Anton and a priest of the Bucharest Church of Saint Lukas , Calarasano, who are commissioned to trans-late by Metropolitan Nyphon of Yugoslovakia 46

• This Typic [Ecclesias-tical Typikon] will be reprinted several times before its last publication 1925 by the Monastery of Cernjka.

Revised editions followed the years 1949, 1962 and 1976. Whjle a special committee was commissioned in 1953, only when it was clear that the Pan-Ortho-dox Councils were not going to deal concretely with the issues of liturgical prac-tice did the committee go ahead with local revisions. Practice, however, then and now, is based primarily Constantinopolitan

45. Fr om Demetriou Oikonomid es, tas hellen o-roumanikas ckkJesiastikas scheseis», Epeteris HetaiI'eias Byzantinon 23 (1953): 462-3. we learn that this chant cr, Ant onios Pan (1796 or - 1854), was a stud ent of the Bucha rest Psalt ic School es tab lishe d by a certain Dionysios Photcinos, himself a stu dc nt of the welI-kn own Pat riarcha! Chanter s Ia kobos the Proto psa les and Pctros Byzant ios. Along with ano ther stude nt of the BtIcharest School, Ste phan Popeskou, Pann would go to havc a stro ng jnfuluence

the schoo l's continued actjvity to Victor Papacos tea , (Victor Papa costea, 'D ate noua desp re viata si opera Dionis ie Fotin o', (Date noua desp re viata si opera Dionise Fot ino), Balcania

no. 2 (1944): 312). He would also become the translator of an Int roduction the theo ry and practice of ecclesiastical music Romanian Pann, Bazul si practic

muzicei 1845) .) as well as the edito r of music publ ica tions of Rom ani an eccl esia stical mus ic Byzantinc notat ion: cf. Petre Rancusi, Istoria mu zicii 1'Omanesti. Compendiu, (His tory of Romanian music. Comp endium.) (Bucur esti: Ed. Muzicala a

RSR, 1969); Geo rge BreazuJ, 'Muzica bisericeasca ro maneasca (Ro manian ecclesiastical music)' , Pagini din istoria muzicii 1'Omanesti; Gheorghe Ciobanu, A nton Pann: cintecede lume (Bucuresti: Editura de Stat pentru Literatura si Arta, 1955); Pann, Bazul teoretic; Anton Pann , sf intei si liturghii (Buchures ti: kntru a ca de Mousica Biserireasia , 1847); G Dem Teod ore scu, Vieta si activitatea lui A ntonu Pann, cu notiuni despre istoIiculu musicei oIi entalesi despre serdaIu lu DionlsieFotino, por t. 22 cm. (Bucure sci: Go bl, 1893); Isidor Weinberg, Momente si [tguri din trcutul muzicii romanesii, (Mo ments and figure s Roman ian music of the pas t) (Bu cure sti: Muzicala, 1967); Gemma Zin velitJ-Don ea,

de uceni cie muzicala reflacta ti corres ponde nta 1uj Ant on Pann si George Ucenescu' , ea rs of musical ap prenticeship as reflected the corres pondence of Ant on Pann and Geor ge

Ucen escu), Studii de muzicologie (1970). 46 Victor Bojor, Ar on Papiu , and Stefan Rosianu , TipicBiseIicesc (Flaj: Seminarului

teol. gr. cat., 1914); Biserica Ortodoxa Romana, caI'e I'anduiala:

cilor, imparatesti si sfinitilol'alesi depI'este tot anul., 2 ed., (Bucuresti: [s.n.] Car-tilor Bisericesti). 1907).

47. S. Andr ievici, S. din

eIicii OI1odoxe Iene (Sacipan, Romania: 1860); S. Andrj evici, OnhodoxeRo-mane (Rom ania: 1883); Olariu , Ol'thodoxe Orientale (Car ansebes: 1897); Epis-

Some Notes the Slavic Translation of Konstantinos Byzantios 5 \5

3.

Serbian liturgicaI practice seems to have been completely influenced by its Ru-sian neighbors to the North. was not able to trace any Constantinpolitan

either contemporary or subsequent to the Neofit translation the Ser-bian horizon. The published order used even today, prepared by VasilUe Niko-lajevic48 is based older, purely Russian, Slavonic typika of the Sabaitic

POSTCRIPT

From the information presented we can conclude that Konstantinos Byzan-tios tl1e Protopsaltes' Typikon was not decisive shaping the liturgical life and modern order or of the Greek Orthodox parishes throughout the Balkans, but also that of other Balkan peoples, namely, the Bul-garians to a greater extent, via the Neofit translation, and the Romanians to a lesser extent, via the Pann-Calarasano translation. The Serbs retained a closer tie to Russian liturgical practice, as witnessed the Nikolajevic publications. There is much room fol" further research. From a musicological point of contact, this fact also bears witness to the important part played by the Patriarchal chanters the preservation and develpoment of the order of divine at the Patriarchate of Constantinople during tl1e post-Byzantine era to our own days, underscoring the keen relationship between the Church's liturgicallife and 11er blessed psaltic art.

cop Gherasim Ser afin, seIviciilor (livine, Edition II-a, 1905 ed . (R imnicu -Vilcea: 1878); Arch im. Melchi sedcs Stefanes cu, Manllel de Romane, other editions 1877, 1900 and 1912 ed. (lasi, Rom ania : 1854).

48. VasiJije Nikolajevic, Veliki (UsIav Crlcveni), 4th Ed. dopunjeno ed. (Be ograd: Sveti Arthijerejski Sinod PIavosl avne Crkve , 1984).

49. ProfNanad Milosevic ofthe BeogIad University Theology faculty for his assistance and am also grateflII for helpful bibliographicaJ infoIm ation conceIning Serbian sourccs.

516 Rev. Konstantinos

LISTOF CITED

Anchev, Ancho. The Rila Sofia: Sofia Press, 1983. Anchev, Panko. Stranitsi tvorchestvoto na v

Stranitsi ...;. Varna: Izdatelska kushta 'Andinal', 1991. Andricvici, S. S. scurte explicatii tipiconale din Tipicul

Ortodoxe tene. Sacipan, Romania, 1860. - Ortodoxe Romane. Romania, 1883.

Vasil Evstatiev, and Ivan D Shishmanov. Neofit Rilski, Sbomik na

akademiia na naukitie; kn. 21,. studii oblastlta na bulgarskoto vuzrazhdanie,. 1,. filosofsko-obshtestven,. 13. Sofiia: Pechatnitsa

nitsa Glushkov, 1926. Aristok1eous, Theodorou Konstantiou tou Sinaiou Aoidimou Kon-

stantinoupoleos tou Byzantiou: Biographia hai Syngraphai kai Ekklesiastikai kai tines autou. Constantinople, 1866.

Arnaudov, Mikhail. Stroiteli na bulgarskoto dukhovno vuzrazhdane:

Sofl'OniVrachanski , Neofit Rilski, Neofit Sofiia: Sinodalno

1954. Arranz, Miguel. 'Le typikon du monastere du Saint-Sauveur a

tiana Analecta 185 (1969). Asenov, Petko. Neofit Rilski . 1. izd. ed. Sofiia: Durzh. izd-vo 'Nar. prosveta', 1983. Atansov, Ascn. 'Za avtorskite pesnopenija na Neofit R ilski danni

carkovnoslavjanskite rakopisni pevceski sbomici ot ot Nacionalnija muzcj "Rilski Manastir''' . singing from manuscripts by the Rila Neophyte (bascd

the 19th-century Church Slavonic chant manuscripts from the Rila Monastery Li-brary», muzikoznanie 1 (1988) 74-86.

Biolake, Georgiou. Typikon tes tou Megales Ekklesias. Athens: Bas. D. Sa1iberos, nd.

Bojor, Victor, Papiu, and Stefan Rosianu. Tipic Blaj : Seminarului teol. gr. cat., 1914.

Boudoure, Angelou L. mousikoi choroi tes Megales Ekklesias tous kato Konstantinoupolei, 1935, 37. Reprint, Reprint two volumes from the periodical Orthodoxia.

Brancusi, Petre. lstol"ia muzicii romanesti. Compendiu. (History Romanian Music. Compendium.) . Bucuresti: Ed. Muzicala a Compozitorilor RSR, 1969.

Breazul, George. 'Muzica bisericeasca romaneasca (Romanian ecclesiastical music)"

din muzicii romanesti, 32-62. Calova, Pavlina. 'Dejateli bolgarskoj gorodskoj vozrozdenceskoj muzykal'noj kulltury

517 Some Not es the Slavic Tr anslation of Konstantinos Byzantios

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521 Some Notes the Slavic of Konstantinos Byzantios

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Konstantinopoli: Patriarskoi Typografii, 1853.

522 Rcv. Konstant inos

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1810-1853. Sofiia: 'Bulgarski khudozhnik', 1980.

523 Some Notes the Slavic Tr anslation of Konstant inos Byzanti os

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525 Some No tes the Slavic TransIati on of Konstantinos Byzantios

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527 Some Notes on the Slavic Translat ion of Konst ant inos Byzanti os

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Figure 5. First page of the translat ion of Konstantinos Byzantios' Introductio n the Typiko n , stiII being published the 1888 (Turnovo ) Bulgarian edition.