greek culture. philosophy explanation of the nature of the universe questions of reality and human...
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Greek CultureGreek Culture
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PhilosophyPhilosophy
• Explanation of the nature of the universe
• Questions of reality and human existence
• Thales – 1st philosopher
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Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers
$ Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.
$ Plato
The Academy
The world of the FORMS
The Republic philosopher-king
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Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers
$ Aristotle
The Lyceum
Logic.
Scientific method.
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Athens: The Arts & Sciences
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
$ DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
$ THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras
Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”
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Drama• Festivals of Dionysus (God of Wine)
– Playwrights submit 4 plays for competition
• Method of presentation– Actors with masks– Chorus– Acoustics– Reserved seats– Dry seats– Mechanics
• Themes– Trojan war characters and their descendents– Ethics from Heroic period
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Drama
• Tragedy– The most common of the genrés
• Of about 1000 written, only 31 remain – all by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides
– Hero, Fate, Outside Events– Defeat usually because of Pride
• Comedies– Hero usually solve their problems
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Drama• Sophocles
– Friend of Pericles– Great prestige and wealth– Wrote 123 plays, but only 7 exist– Sophoclean tragic heroes
• Have tragic defects• Are likeable and we feel sorry for them
– Introduced two-actor interaction – Conflict:
• Tradition and loyalty to king (Antigone)• Good intentions and fate (Oedipus the King)
• Euripides• Aristophanes - Father of Greek Comedy
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History
• Herodotus (484-420 BC)– Father of History– Tried to record coherent history– Traveled widely– Books called Researches– Most writing were about Persian wars
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History
• Thucydides (470-405 BC)– Prominent soldier/historian– History of the Peloponnesian Wars
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Art
• Classical Sculpture– Greek principles important
• Exact proportion—Golden mean• Phidias—greatest Greek sculptor • Myron – Discus Thrower• Parthenon, Temples in Olympia