Green Plants And Chordates.

Green Plants And Chordates.Classification of Living Organisims Plant Kingdom Metaphyta (Plantae)

Animal Kingdom Metazoa (Animalia)

Classification Of Metaphyta (Plantae)Non-Vascular Plants (Xylem & Phloem Absent)

1) Multicellular Algae

Red AlgaeGreen AlgaeBrown Algae2) Bryophytes

Vascular Plants (Xylem & Phloem present)Pteridophytes.

.Gymnosperms

.Angiosperms

Multicellular AlgaeCharterstics-The plant body is called Thallus.Cells are eukaryotic with prominent nucleus.Cell wall is made of cellulose & Pectin.Chlorophyll is maximum in green algae.In red algae chlorophyll & Phycoerythrin presentIn Brown algae chlorophyll & Xanthophyll.Reproduction Vegetative, Asexual ,Sexual methods.

Green Algae Spirogyra , Ulothrix.

Examples Of AlgaeRed Algae Batrachospermum ,Polysiphonia

fucus

Dictyote- Algae

Sargassum

Padina

Cutleria - Algaec12

Uses of AlgaeMajor producers in marine eco-system.Manufacture of cattle feed.Algin (brown algae) used in ice creams & chocolates.Agar(gelidium-red algae)-culturing bacteria in Lab.Porphyra(red algae) used as condiment.Algae purify water.Laminaria(red algae) used in production of Potassium & Iodine.

Bryophyta- Amphibians of the plantChareterstics-Thallus is presentReproduce sexuallyLife cycle includes- (a)Gametophyte( haploid (b)Sporophyte (diploid)The process of gametophyte & sporophyte formed alternately is called Alternation of generations.Examples-Liverworts & Mosses

RICCIAMARCHANTIA

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Mosses - Polytrichum

Funaria - Mosses

Lejunea - Mosses

Pellia - Mosses

Life cycle Of Mosses

Economic Importance-BryophytaMosses are used in packing flowers.Used in pots for moisture retention.Some mosses form a dense mat on the soil,they check erosion.Bryophytes helps in soil formation.

PteridophytesCharacteristicsGrow in moist soil, damp walls & cool shady places.Body shows distinct root,stem, & leaves.Life cycle includes (1)Gametophyte. (2)Sporophyte.

Economic importance - PteridophytesFerns are grown for their ornamental value.Leaves are used in making flower bouget.Some ferns are of medicinal importance.Some ferns are involved in formation of fossil fuels like coal & petroleum.

Gymnosperms-Naked seed plantsGrow in and on mountain tops at low temperature.It produces prominent structures called CONES-Female & Male Cones.Male Cones produce male gamets(microspores).Female cones produce ovule.The fusion product is zygote, becomes the Seed,no fruit.Examples- Cycas & Pinus.

Cycas Male & Female Cones

Pinus

AngiospermsSeeds are enclosed in structures called Fruit.Plant shows distinct root,stem & leaves.Flower is the reproductive part of a plant.Flowers in a cluster called Inflorescence.Angiosperms are distinguished into Monocots & Dicots.

Differences Monocot & Dicot PlantsSeeds contain only one Cotyledon.During germination cotyledons remain below the soil.Plants have fibrous root system,Leaves have parallel venation.Petals are in multiples of 3.Seeds contain two Cotyledons.During germination cotyledons come above the soil.Plants have Tap root system.Leaves have reticulate venation.Petals are in multiples of 4 or 5.

Monocots & Dicots

Structure Of Flower

Phylum- ChordataVERTEBRATESBody divisible into Head,Trunk, & Tail regions.Digestive system consisting of mouth,buccal cavity,pharynx, oesophagus, stomach & intestine.A closed type of circulatory system, with muscular heart is present.Nervous system shows a well developed Brain,Spinal cord & Nerves.All Vertebrates are unisexual & exhibit only sexual reproduction.

Classification of Vertebrates1 Class Pisces2 Class Amphibia3 Class Reptilia4 Class Aves5 Class Mammalia

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Class Pisces- Characteristic features The streamlined body is divisible into head, trunk, & short tail. Body has an exoskeleton composed of dermal scales. Locomotor structures are paired & unpaired gills.Gill-slits are covered by Operculum. Heart is two chambered. Nervous system has abrain, a spinal cord, & 10 pairs of cranial nerves. They are Oviparous(egg laying) animals.

External Features Of Fish

Bony fishes

Boney Fishes

Cartilaginous Fishes

Economic Importance of FishesFishes form a favourite human food in many countries,Rearing of fishes for this purpose called Pisciculture.Oil obtained from liver of Fish,sharks & cods is rich in Vit-A & D.The dried skin of Sharks is used in making polishes.Fishes like Gambusia are used in the biological control of mosquitoes.

Class- AmphibiaThe Body is divisible into head, trunk, & tail.There is no exoskeleton ,skin is smooth & moist.Locomotor structures are a pair of Forelimbs & a pair of Hindlimbs.Respiratory organs are gills in the Larva & a pair of lungs in adult.Skin also helps in respiration.Heart is 3 chambered , 2 auricles & one ventricle.

Nervous system has a Brain, a Spinal cord, & 10pairs of cranial nerves.

aThey are Oviparous. Fertilization & Development are both external , it includes Metamorphosis.Examples Frog, Toad, Newt, Ichthyophis, Tiger salamander.

Examples -Amphibia

Class - ReptilesThe body is elongated, divisible into Head, Trunk, & Tail.The exoskeleton is in the form of Epidermal scales, Forming distinct plates.Locomotor structures are a pair of Forelimbs, & a pair of Hindlimbs,containing 5 digits each.Respiratory Organs are a pair of Lungs.Heart is 3 chambered.only in Crocodiles Ventricle is incompletely divided into 2 chambers.Nervous system has a brain, a spinal cord and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.They are oviparous. Fertilization is internal but development is external.

Reptiles-examplesChelones - Turtles and Tortise

Lizards-House lizards, Chamaeleon, Calotes, Varanes, Dralo.Snakes- Viper, Cobra, Sea snake, Krait, Dryoplis, Python.Crocodiles and Alligators.

Class Aves

The body is streamlined, boat shaped, divisible into head, trunk and tail.The exoskeleton consists of feather, which provide protection, maintain body temperature help in flight.Locomotor structure are pentadactyl forelimbs and hindlimbs. Forelimbs are modified into wings. Respiratory organs are a pair of lungs.Heart is 4 chambered with 2 articles and 2 ventricles.Brain is well developed 12 pairs of cranial nerves.They are Oviparous.Examples- Flying and Flightless Birds.

Flying Birds

Flightless Birds

Class - MammaliaBody is divisible into Head,Trunk, & Tail.The exo-skeleton is made up of Hairs.Locomotor organs are typical Pentadactyl.Respiratory organs are a pair of Lungs.Heart is 4 chambered.RBC are Enucleate.Brain is well developed, 12 pairs of Cranial nervesThey are generally Viviparous.Mammary glands are present.

Mammals

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THANK YOU By, Sindhu .V. K. MSc.B.Ed. G.P.U.College Uppinangady