grimm2012 comm32 uispp marginalization
TRANSCRIPT
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Sonja B. Grimm
Into the great wide open
Marginalization as a motor ofthe Lateglacial expansion
into northern Europe
Symposium of the Commission XXXII Pioneers at the
end of the last Ice Age in Amersfoort, May, 22nd 25th
2012
Alaskan tundra, from: D.A. Levin at
http://www.micro.utexas.edu
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Structure
1. Lateglacial chronology
2. Lateglacial expanders
3. Types of marginalization
4. Lateglacial ecosystems
5. Lateglacial society
6. Lateglacial economy
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Lateglacial chronology
Ice core samples archive (Photo: Roger Ressmeyer)
Drilling of an ice core (Department of
Geophysics, Niels Bohr Institute,
University of Copenhagenwww.glaciology.gfy.ku.dk/ngrip/
Enhanced inside view of a Greenlandice core (Photo: Denmark University)
The North Greenland Ice Core Project camp (Photo: NGRIP)
Palaeochronology from Greenland
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Lateglacial chronology
Quadfasel 2005, Fig. 1
Palaeoclimate from Greenland
North Atlantic heat conveyor
NW-Europe
deuterium excess
proxy of past ocean surface
temperatures at the moisture-
source regionSteffensen et al. 2008
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Lateglacial chronology
Bjrck et al. 1998; Walker et al. 1999; Jris / Weninger 2000
Palaeoclimate & Palaeochronology
Oxygen isotope eventstratigraphy in Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05)
AllerdBllingMeiendorf
Oldest
Dryas
Older
Dryas
Intra
Allerd
Cold
Period
Younger
Dryas
oxygen isotope proxy of the past air temperature
at the coring site
14,687 187 12,819 202 11,681 102
AllerdBlling
OldestDryas OlderDryas
Litt / Stebich 1999
Lotter al. 1992; Magny et al. 2006
Gerzensee
IACP
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Lateglacial chronology
after Mangerud et al. 1974
Palaeochronology & Chronozones
Calibrated chronozones
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Lateglacial chronology
Palaeochronology & varve records
Rehwiese
Neugebauer et al. 2012, Fig. 4
Brauer et al. 2008, Fig. 3
Meerfelder Maar
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Lateglacial chronology
Palaeochronology & varve records
European varve records
end of
GI-1d
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Betula sp.
Pinus sp.
chironomids =
temperature proxy
18O
Multi-proxy record from Hawes Water, UK
Lateglacial chronology
Palaeochronology & multi-proxy records
end ofGI-1d ?
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Lateglacial chronology
Calibration
Weninger / Jris /
Danzeglocke 2007;
Weninger / Jris 2008
CalPal program,
calibration curve:
CalPal2007HULU
concerning Bayes, Bayesian
analysis & Bayesian sequencing:
Weninger et al. 2011
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Lateglacial expanders
Gamble et al. 2005, Fig. 5
target event vs. dated event
Dean 1978
dates as data
Gamble et al. 2005
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Lateglacial expanders
Hamburgian
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Lateglacial expanders
Hamburgian
Strolling reindeer, photo: Alexandre Buisse
1-4: photo M.-J.Weber,
5: Bosinski 1990,
252
121
3
4
5
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Lateglacial expanders
Late Magdalenian
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Lateglacial expanders
Late Magdalenian Bosinski et al. 1995, Fig. 75
Bosinski 1996, Taf. 27
Photo: Martin Street
Baales 2005, Abb. 65
Bosinski 1996
(inverse)
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Types of marginalization
1. Ecological marginalization
2. Social marginalization
3. Economical marginalization
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Types of marginalization
1. Ecological marginalization
Marginal landscape uninhabitable, hostile
sub-marginal landscape inhabitable but at minimum subsistence level,favourable or prosperous landscape
Change: Climatic conditions, natural hazards
Reference: Landscape, living natural environment
glaciers, ice shields
coversands, permafrost
temperature, precipitation, wind tracks
sea level, rivers, lakes
Conceptual model of an ecosystem
with interaction of major component,
after Metzger et al. 2005, Fig. 2 (afterKlijn / de Haes 1994)
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Types of marginalization
2. Social marginalization
marginal group excluded from social interaction
sub-marginal group rare interactions
central group rich and diverse interactions, controlling
the interactions
centre
margin
Change: geographic distance, social stratification, variation
Reference: human community
distance
stratification
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Types of marginalization
3. Economical marginalization
Change: supply, accessibilityReference: resources for human livelihood
minimum subsistence level - insufficient supply of resources or
false handling
maximum subsistence level - rich resource supply, efficient
and sustainable handling of
resources
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Lateglacial ecosystems
Palaegeography
updated version of Grimm 2007
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Lateglacial ecosystems
Palaegeography
updated version of Grimm 2007
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Lateglacial ecosystems
Palaegeography
updated version of Grimm 2007
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Lateglacial ecosystems
Palaegeography
?
continuous permafrost
discontinuous permafrost
sporadic permafrost
seasonally frozen
??
?
?
?
?
permafrost: Huijzer / Vandenberghe 1998, Fig. 18
Wolstedt 1956; Bjrck 1995; Konradi 2000; Streif 2004; Mnot et al. 2006; Busschers et al. 2007
?
?
?
?
?
??
?
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Lateglacial society
Material connection & human relation
Dewez 1987; Floss 1994; Eriksen 2002; Valentin et al. 2002; Valoch 2003; Ginter/Potowicz 2007; Hemmann et al. 2008; Kssner 201
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Lateglacial economy
Cordain et al. 2000, Tab. 2
Environment Dependence on
gathered plantfood (%)
Dependence on
fished animalfood (%)
Dependence on
hunted animalfood (%)
Desert grasses and shrubs (n = 11) 46-55 6-15 36-45
Tropical grassland (n = 4) 46-55 16-25 26-35
Subtropical bush (n = 2) 36-45 26-35 26-35
Monssoon forest (n =2) 36-45 26-35 26-35
Temperate forest, mostly mountainous (n = 6) 36-45 36-45 16-25
Tropical rain forest (n = 3) 26-45 36-45 26-35
Northern coniferous forest (n = 14) 16-25 46-55 26-35
Tundra, northern areas (n = 6) 6-15 46-55 36-45
Subtropical rainforest (n = 4) 36-45 6-15 46-55
Temperate grasslands (n = 11) 26-35 6-15 56-65
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Lateglacial economy
Riede et al. 2010,Fig. 6
end of
GI-1d
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Sonja B. Grimm
Symposium of the Commission XXXII Pioneers at the end of
the last Ice Age in Amersfoort, May, 22nd 25th 2012
CHANGE -yes, we can
Into the great wide open
...but do we really want to?
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Buckthorn
Sea buckthorn (Hippopha rhamnoides)
with fruits (photo: Svdmolen);
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hippophae_
rhamnoides-01_%28xndr%29.JPG
Sea buckthorn (Hippopha rhamnoides; photo: Alan J. Silverside);http://bioref.lastdragon.org/habitats/Dunes2.html
Sea buckthorn (Hippopha
rhamnoides) with fruits;
http://kreinbucher.blogspot.de/
2009_01_20_archive.html
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Lateglacial ecosystems
Cover sand beltCover sand belt??
Palaegeography
Loess areaLoess area