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Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System

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Page 1: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

GrossAnatomy of the

Nervous System

Page 2: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

Page 3: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

Page 4: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

Page 5: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

Rostraltoward the nose

Caudaltoward the tail

Dorsaltoward the back

Ventraltoward the belly

Medialtoward the midline

Lateralaway from the midline

Proximalnear a point of reference

Distaldistant from a point of reference

Directional Terms

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Afferentprojecting toward

Efferentprojecting away from

Ipsilateralon the same side

Contralateralon the opposite side

Directional Terms

Page 7: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

Planes of SectionCoronal or frontal

perpendicular to the neuraxisperpendicular to groundapply only to brain

Sagittalparallel to neuraxisperpendicular to groundmidsagittal = axis of symmetry

Horizontalparallel to groundparallel to neuraxisapplies only to brain

Transverseperpendicular to neuraxisapplies to brain and spinal cord

Obliqueany section not in a standard plane

Page 8: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

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Page 10: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

CNS = brain and spinal cordPNS = ganglia and nerves outside of CNS

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(7)

(12)

(5)

(5)

(2)

Page 13: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

Page 14: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

(intermediate gray)

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C1-C8

T1-T12

S1-S5

L1-L5

Coxxygial

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Page 17: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

A. Cervical spinal cordB. Thoracic spinal cordC. Lumbar spinal cordD. Lumbo-sacral spinal cord

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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)Sympathetic division (arousal)Parasympathetic division (maintenance)

Page 19: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

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Page 21: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

Prosencephalon = diencephalon + telencephalonMesencephalon = tegmentum + tectumRhombencephalon =

metencephalon (pons, + cerebellum)+ myelencephalon (medulla)

Page 22: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

SYSTEM NERVORUM CENTRALE (Central nervous system)

I. ENCEPHALON (brain) A. PROSENCEPHALON (forebrain) 1. TELENCEPHALON (endbrain; limbic system, basal ganglia & cerebral cortex) 2. DIENCEPHALON (between-brain, or interbrain; hypothalamus & thalamus) B. MESENCEPHALON (midbrain; tectum & tegmentum) C. RHOMBENCEPHALON (hindbrain) 1. METENCEPHALON (pons & cerebellum) 2. MYELENCEPHALON (medulla oblongata) II. MEDULLA SPINALIS (spinal cord) Notes: "BRAINSTEM" is an imprecisely defined term which usually refers to the rhombencephalon and mesencephalon together. It may or may not include the cerebellum, and sometimes the diencephalon is included. "CEREBRUM" or "CEREBRAL HEMISHPHERES" refer to the telencephalon.

Page 23: Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System. Rostral toward the nose Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back Ventral toward the belly Medial toward

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Woofs & Hoofs · 2010. 3. 15. · Cranial toward the head Caudal toward the tail Dorsal toward the back, sky, top Ventral toward the belly, ground, bottom Anterior in the front Posterior

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