©gsld circadian rhythms 20161104 16-9 - not timed · bgary steffy, lc, fiald, ies b president,...

Circadian Rhythms 10/31/2016

©2016 GSLD™ 1

eCircadian™ | Circadian Rhythm Display

©GarySteffyLight ingDesign Inc. | 2013 - 2016

Circadian Rhythms



b Gary Steffy, LC, FIALD, IESb President, Gary Steffy Lighting Design Inc., 1982 (gsld.net)b IES Tenth Edition Handbook, 2011, co-editorb Wiley’s Architectural Lighting Design/3d, 2008b UNESCO’s Lighting: Fundamentals, Practice, and Integrated Systems, 2005b McGraw-Hill’s Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Lighting, 2000

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b This is an opinion paper by a lighting designer on the current cacophony on light and health.

b Not for reproduction without written consent of author and attribution.

b Please – phone’s on mute, no video or audio recording.

b The following material is representative of my experiences as a lighting designer and should be interpreted and applied in that context only. There is no intention to express or imply anything by way of medical or health advice. Those concerned about the health implications of light on circadian rhythms should consult an appropriate health care professional.

Gary Steffy, GSLD®

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b As each slide is presented, try to consciously think about how its color tone and brightness affect you.

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b Is an (the?) ultimate goal to provide lighting that mimics the temporal qualities of daylighting?

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28,000 K

26,000 K

24,000 K

22,000 K

20,000 K

18,000 K

16,000 K

14,000 K

12,000 K

10,000 K

8000 K

6000 K5000 K4000 K3000 K2000 K1000 K0 K

Extremely blue clear NW sky

Typical blue clear NW sky

Uniform sky

Noon sun2 hours after sunrise1 hour after sunrise

Sunrise

C O L D

C O O L

N E U T R A LW A R M V

I S

U A

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A P

PE

A R

A N

C E

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C R

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b Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)


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©Q-Tran 2400 K

©Q-Tran 2700 K

©Q-Tran 3600 K

©Q-Tran 4100 K

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b Spectral Power Distribution (SPD)



b Circadian Rhythmsb Natural internal regulator of sleep/wake cycleb Cycling on roughly a 24-hour period varies by individual

b Sleep desire typically strongest at 1 to 3 p.m. and at 2 to 4 a.m.

b Controlled by area of brain responding to

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b Why Nowb Research converges on lighting’s influence on circadian rhythms and health and wellbeing

consequences




consequencesb Emergence of low-cost commercial-grade potent light emitting diodes

b Brighterb Blue “baseline” SPDb High efficacy

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b Emergence of lower-cost digital controls

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b Emergence of lower-cost digital controlsb Surge in uses of backlit device displays

b Brighterb Larger

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b Emergence of lower-cost digital controlsb Surge in uses of backlit device displays

b Brighterb Larger

b Negative health implications for people exposed to backlit device displays and lighting in the built environment appear to be serious and escalating

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b Time to Recalibrate How, When, and What Light is Dispensed

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b Two Areas of Studyb Electronic device displaysb Daylight and electric light

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b Two Areas of Studyb Electronic device displaysb Daylight and electric light


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b Findingb Blue light profoundly influences circadian rhythms

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b Suppresses melatonin – the hormone promoting sleepiness

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b Suppresses melatonin – the hormone promoting sleepinessb Relatively significant variables:

b Timingb Good

b Wake-up to mid-to-late afternoonb Bad

b Mid-to-late afternoon to wake-upb Durationb Age

b Youngb Elderly

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Royal Blueb Blue Light

b Monochromaticb Narrow-band of visible spectrum

b 440 to 480 nm exclusively (looks blue)

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©Q-Tran 2400 K

©Q-Tran 2700 K

©Q-Tran 3600 K

©Q-Tran 4100 K

Royal Blue

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b Blue Lightb Monochromatic

b Narrow-band of visible spectrumb 440 to 480 nm exclusively (looks blue)

b Polychromaticb Broad-band of visible spectrum

b 440 to 480 nm inclusively (looks “white”)

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b Blue Lightb Beneficial

b Wake-up through mid afternoon



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b Wake-up through mid afternoonb Detrimental

b Mid-to-late afternoon through wake-up

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b Mid-to-late afternoon through wake-upb Extends wake time

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b Mid-to-late afternoon through wake-upb Extends wake timeb Manifests sleeplessness



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b Mid-to-late afternoon through wake-upb Extends wake timeb Manifests sleeplessnessb Perpetuates ever-longer wake cycles/shorter sleep cycles

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b Mid-to-late afternoon through wake-upb Extends wake timeb Manifests sleeplessnessb Perpetuates ever-longer wake cycles/shorter sleep cyclesb Unhealthy

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b The Blue Appealb Cool (hip, chic, modern, edgy, new)

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b The Blue Appealb Cool (hip, chic, modern, edgy, new)b Cool (crisp, bright, dazzling, evocative of sky and water)

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b The Blue Appealb Cool (hip, chic, modern, edgy, new)b Cool (crisp, bright, dazzling, evocative of sky and water)b Cheap

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b The Blue Appealb Cool (hip, chic, modern, edgy, new)b Cool (crisp, bright, dazzling, evocative of sky and water)b Cheapb High efficacy



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b The Blue Problemb Ubiquitous

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b Electronic device displaysb 5000 K to 6500 K commonb Long-duration exposure morning to nightb Field of focused, attentive view (Ev @eyes)

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b Electric lightb 2700 K to 6000 K commonb Potential long-duration exposure morning to night/night to morningb Potential field of focused, attentive view (Ev @eyes)

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b Daylight

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b Daylight (naturally entrains circadian rhythms)

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©Carlos Caetano/Shutterstock.com

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b What to Considerb Personal – affecting yourselfb Professional – affecting othersb Generalizations may be inappropriate

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b What to Considerb Personal

b Consistent wake/sleep patternb Pre-sleep routineb Scheduled wakeb Scheduled sleep

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b Sleep blackoutb Blackout drapesb No display devicesb 617 nm or 2200 K nightlighting

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b Sleep blackoutb Blackout drapesb No display devicesb 617 nm or 2200 K nightlighting

b Light exposure during wake phase – regardless of instrumentb SPDb Quantityb Durationb Timing

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Circadian Phase Wavelengths Quantity Duration Timing

Wake ~380 – 780 High to moderate Hours Wake to ~3 p.m.

Late-wake to Pre-sleep ~550 – 780 Moderate to low Hours ~3 p.m. to bed

Sleep ~617 if any Zero Hours Bed to wake

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b Entrainmentb Light Exposure

b Device displaysb Lighting

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Circadian Phase Wavelengths Blue’s Effect Duration Timing

Wake ~380 – 780 Entrains Hours Morning

Late-wake to Pre-sleep ~550 – 780 Disrupts Hour + Evening

Sleep ~617 if any Disrupts Minutes Bed – wake

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b Entrainmentb Blue’s effect

b Device displaysb Lighting

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©All-stock-photos/Shutterstock.com

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b Disruptiveb Pre-sleepb Sleep

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©kakoki/Shutterstock.com

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©stockyimages/Shutterstock.com

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©GSLD

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©stockyimages/Shutterstock.com

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b Design Considerationsb System permanenceb Users’ agesb Applicationsb Surrounding zonesb Circadian footprintb Criteria

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b Design Considerationsb System permanence

b LED enduranceb Dedicated lampingb Long lamp life

b L90, L80, L70b LLD implications

b Initial costsb Discourage “throw-away” mentalityb Increase replacement cycle

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b Design Considerationsb Users’ ages

b Nowb Future

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b Design Considerationsb Applications

b Daytimeb Interior

b Nighttimeb Interior

b Livingb Working

b Exteriorb Livingb Working

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b Design Considerationsb Surrounding zones

b Commercial/Industrialb Hospitalityb Residentialb Retail

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b Design Considerationsb Circadian footprint

b Applicationsb Façade lightingb Parking lightingb Pedestrian path lightingb Roadway lighting

b Project effectsb Neighborhood effectsb Regional effects

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b Design Considerationsb Criteria

b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Illuminancesb Luminancesb Lampsb Controlsb Productsb Predictions

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b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Prioritiesb Rationaleb Documentation

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b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Illuminances

b Ehb Evb Ev at eyes

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b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Illuminancesb Luminances

b Reflectancesb Surface illuminances

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b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Illuminancesb Luminancesb Lamps

b CCTb CRIb R9b SPD

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b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Illuminancesb Luminancesb Lampsb Controls

b On/Offb Timed dimmingb Continuous imperceptible dimmingb Occupancy-sensed

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b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Illuminancesb Luminancesb Lampsb Controlsb Products

b Color qualitiesb Control protocolsb Optical qualities

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b Deliberate and careful selectionsb Illuminancesb Luminancesb Lampsb Controlsb Productsb Predictions

b LLDb L90/L80/L70

b LDDb Point-by-point analyses

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b Design Strategiesb Staticb Dynamic

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b Design Strategiesb Static

b Electric lighting/displaysb Least disruptive throughout the duration of application?

b 2700 K – 3000 K mid-afternoon to night?b CRI >90/R9 >60b Historic precedent for electric lighting

b 4000 K – 6500 K morning to mid-afternoon?b Historic precedent for device displays

b Glazing selectionb Neutral?b Blue?

b Dynamic

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b Design Strategiesb Staticb Dynamic

b Electric lighting/displaysb Cycle?

b 3500 K – 6500 K – 3500 K morning to mid-afternoon?b CRI >90/R9 >60b Fade relatively dim to brightest to relatively dim

b 3500 K – 2200 K mid-afternoon to bedtime?b Fade relatively dim to dimmest

b Glazing selectionb Neutralb Blue

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b AMA Policy Statementb American Academy of Pediatricians Suggestions

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b AMA Policy Statementb A short-term detriment in sleep quality has been observed after exposure to short wavelength light

before bedtime.b Some evidence supports a long-term increase in the risk for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular

disease and obesity from chronic sleep disruption or shiftwork and associated with exposure to brighter light sources in the evening or night.

b Use 3000 K or lower CCT LED lighting for outdoor installations such as roadways. b Consider dimming at off-peak time periods.

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b American Academy of Pediatricians Suggestionsb Children and teens who spend more time with social media or who sleep with mobile devices in

their rooms are at greater risk for sleep problems. Exposure to light (particularly blue light) and stimulating content from screens can delay or disrupt sleep, and have a negative effect on school.

b The AAP recommends keeping all screens–TVs, computers, phones, tablets–out of kids' bedrooms and turning all screens off 30 minutes before bedtime

b Dim the lights prior to bedtime.

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Early Morning Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Morning Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Noon Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Mid Afternoon Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Late Afternoon Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Evening Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Late Evening Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Night Start Sequence Example

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eCircadian™ <25/Automated/Low Entrainment/Nightlight (manual selection) Example

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b Recent Examplesb State parking lot

b 2700K/80+CRIb Eh = 0.4 min

b Commercial parking lotb 2700K/90+CRIb Eh = 0.4 min

b University campus pedestrian paths (distant from roadways)b 2200K/80+CRIb Eh = 0.5 avg and 5:1 avg-to-min uniformityb Ev = 0.5 avg @standing face height and 5:1 avg-to-min uniformity

©gsld circadian rhythms 20161104 16-9 - not timed · bgary steffy, lc, fiald, ies b president,...

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