guide of the course (guía docente titulaciones de grado) · programme drawing on all branches of...

Materials and Instrumentations: Community Dentistry; Public Health; Introduction to Research; Communication Skills; Biomaterials and Instrumentation. 2016-2017

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GUIDE OF THE COURSE

(Guía docente titulaciones de grado)

DEGREE: DENTISTRY

COURSE: 2016/2017

SUBJECT: BIOMATERIALS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Module

Materials and Instrumentations: Community Dentistry; Public Health; Introduction to Research; Communication Skills; Biomaterials and Instrumentation

ECTS Nature Period Calendar Previous requirements Total Basic Obligatory 1

stS 2

ndS weeks

6 X X X 15 None

Language Spanish Valenciano English X

Teachers

Name Prof. Dr. Salvatore Sauro (Professor-in-charge)

Study/office, Faculty

Department of Dentistry, 3rd

floor, Office 302, C/Del Pozo, Alfara del Patriarca

e-mail [email protected]

Tutorship timetable Please consult Prof. Sauro’s web-page (Intranet) Arrange your appointment in advance by email.

Department Knowledge area

DENTISTRY Dental Materials and Instrumentation in Dentistry

mailto:[email protected]


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Presentation

Dental Biomaterials and Instrumentation is a basic subject that will allow dental students to better understand

most of the contents of the third, fourth and five year of Dentistry. This subject is based on a multi-disciplinary

programme drawing on all branches of dental material science and combining them with manufacturing

technology and design to overcome dental problems. Dental Materials students study the relationships between

the processing, structure and properties of materials and the interactions of these materials with the tissues of

the face and mouth. Indeed, dental students will mainly study the compositions and properties of materials used

in the contemporary practice of dentistry as well as those employed in dental laboratories. Background

knowledge and practical experience are provided. Laboratory sessions are integrated with lectures of

introductory techniques of manipulation of these materials to be used in a clinical setting.

Previous knowledge

High school - Chemistry and Physics are needed as well as a basic knowledge on dental/oral anatomy.

Knowledge of basic dental equipment and disinfection principles.

Basic knowledge on dental instruments.

Aims Objectives

Be competent to handle, discriminate and choose appropriate dental materials and instruments.

Knowledge and competence in handling and management of dental biomaterials in dentistry; students

need to learn their handling properties, indications, allergies, biocompatibility, toxicity, waste disposal

and environmental impact.

Subject contents

Introduction to materials. Physicochemical and mechanical properties. Biocompatibility study.

Dental impressions and dental impression materials.

Thermoplastic materials.

Metal alloys used in dentistry.

Laboratory procedures.

Polymers used in dentistry.

Principle of adhesion to dental tissues and dental adhesive materials.

Cements and adhesives cements for dental uses.


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Learning Purposes

At the end of the course, students should be able to:

I. Course Introduction; History of Dental Materials; Characteristics of Dental Materials

●Fill a clinical history form and apply specific measures to eliminate cross infection in dental practice

●Recognise the factors of the oral environment adverse to dental materials

●Describe characteristics of ideal materials

●Recognise features that assure quality assurance in handling dental materials

●Identify the classes of materials used in dentistry

●Describe the structure of dental materials

●Describe the physical characteristics of dental materials

●Describe the mechanical characteristics, including types of forces, stress and strain

●Discuss chemical properties of dental materials and limitations of dental materials.

●Recognise biological considerations

II. Impression Materials; Dental Plaster and Stone

●Identify various impression materials.

●Explain the advantages and limitations of various impression materials.

●List the uses of impression materials in dentistry

●Describe the characteristics of the various materials used

●Identify the composition of impression materials

●Describe the mixing and handling of impression materials

●Demonstrate the method to obtain alginate impressions in the laboratory.

●Describe the manufacture of gypsum and its various forms.

●List the uses of plaster and stone in dentistry

●Describe the handling of plaster and stone (dispensing, mixing, clean-up)

●Distinguish between the various setting times of plaster and stone

●Recognise setting expansion and its causes

●Identify the properties (strength and hardness) of plaster and stone

●List the types of dental gypsum

●Describe the process of pouring and trimming a gypsum cast or model

●Demonstrate the fabrication of study models in the laboratory.

●Explain the disinfection of study models and casts

III. Intermediary Materials and Cements; Provisional Restoratives

●Describe dental varnishes and list their uses, types, handling, and characteristics

●Identify what dental liners are and explain their uses, types, handling, and characteristics

●Identify what dental bases are and explain their uses, types, handling, and characteristics

●Identify what dental cements are and explain their uses, types, handling, and characteristics

●Describe the usual components of bases, liners, and cements.

●Demonstrate the procedure to mix each of the above in the laboratory.

●Define a temporary restoration.


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Learning Purposes

●Describe uses in dentistry for temporary restorations

●Recognise various types of provisional restoratives

●Describe the mixing and placing of temporary restorations

●Explain the uses for indirect restorative temporary crowns

IV: Direct Restoratives

●Define a direct restorative material.

●Describe aesthetic anterior restorations and their historical perspectives

●Describe aesthetic anterior restorations and their uses in composites and glass ionomer cements with their

various types and packaging, compositions, characteristics and properties, handlings and mixings, setting

reactions, finishing and polishing, and clinical performances

●Describe the various types of posterior restorations

●Describe amalgam restorations and composite resins and their uses, types and compositions,

characteristics and properties, mixings and handlings, setting reactions, and clinical successes

●Describe the use of direct gold as a dental restoration

●List the advantages and disadvantages of direct restorative materials.

●Demonstrate the procedure to place amalgam and composite on extracted natural teeth

V: Materials for Inlays, Onlays, Crowns, and Bridges; Materials for Cast Restorations

●Define an indirect restorative material.

●Recognize the indications of various indirect restoration.

●List the types of materials used in fabricating inlays, onlays, crowns, and bridges

●Describe the basic concepts of metals, including their metallic structures, deformations, and alloying

●List the compositions, properties, and preparations of various metals used in dentistry, including noble

metals, base metal alloys, and the repair of metals through soldering and welding

●Describe the basic concepts of ceramics

●List the composition, properties, and preparation of various ceramics used in dentistry, including dental

porcelains, cast ceramics, and the repair of ceramics

●List the composition, properties, and preparation of composite restorations

●Describe the basic process of casting using the lost-wax technique

●List the dental waxes and identify uses in dentistry, types and characteristics

●Explain die materials and their uses in dentistry, types and characteristics

●Explain investment materials and their uses in dentistry, types and characteristics

●List the advantages and disadvantages of various indirect restorative materials.

VII. Polymers for Prosthetics

●Define removable prostheses.

●Describe the basics of polymeric materials used in dentistry, including their properties, definitions and

uses, chemistries of polymerization, polymer sizes and effects

●Describe prosthetic resins use in denture bases, denture liners and conditioners and other resin systems

●Outline the steps used in the production of a heat-processed denture

●Explain the construction of an acrylic custom tray

●Describe the process of cleaning removable appliances

VIII. Metal Alloys for Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry


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Learning Purposes

●Identify when we use metal alloys in dentistry

●List the types of dental alloys – stainless steels, cobalt-chromium, titanium, nickel-chromium

●Describe the differing properties of alloys used in orthodontic wires and prosthodontics

●Describe the biocompatibility of the various dental alloys

IX. Sealants and Endodontics Materials

●Define a sealant

●Describe pit and fissure sealants and their use in dentistry

●List some resins used in preventive restorations

●Identify fluoride-releasing agents

●Describe the indications for use of a sealant

●Identify the components of sealants

●Explain the techniques for placing sealants

●Demonstrate the procedure to place a sealant on extracted natural teeth.

X. Recognise basic endodontic instruments

General skills

- GS1: The students will be able to demonstrate basic knowledge acquired during general secondary

education. Moreover, the student will demonstrate knowledge and understanding acquired from

advanced textbooks, although this will also include some aspects and knowledge acquired during

general secondary education.

Specific skills

SS 4: Understand the scientific principles of sterilisation, disinfection and antisepsis necessary to

prevent cross- infections in dental practice.

SS 8: Identify the main reason for consultation and history of present illness. Conduct a comprehensive

patient history and clinical records that accurately reflects the patient's records.

SS10: Handle, discriminate and choose the materials and instruments Dentistry.

SS11: Knowing dental biomaterials: their handling properties, indications, allergies, biocompatibility,

toxicity, waste disposal and environmental impact.

SS13: Knowledge on basic use of equipment and instruments for the dental practice.

SS14: Apply the principles of ergonomics in dental work, both individually and within the team when

appropriate, as well as the principles of prevention of dental practice associated with occupational

hazards.

SS23: Knowing the role of the dentist in the health professions and work with other health professionals

and other members of the dental team.


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Learning activities

LA1 - Lectures (Master Classes): Activities oriented mainly to the acquisition of skills and knowledge

(GC1). Priority will be given to the transmission of knowledge from the teacher. This requires student’s

previous training or further study.

LA2 - Seminars: Activities for promotion of student participation in the interpretation of knowledge and

sources of the study area. It is preferably oriented to the application of knowledge, and research (GC2,

GC3 y GC4).

LA3 - Practical sessions and pre-clinic laboratory: Activities organised for acquisition of practical

skills, and application of knowledge (GC2).

LA5 - Tutorial: Training activity oriented mainly to the acquisition of communication skills and

knowledge (GC2, GC4).

LA6 - Evaluation and assessment


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STUDENT WORK ESTIMATION

BIOMATERIALS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Credits: 6 ECTS Credits: 6 ECTS

Student work – overall

Formative activity Formative activity Formative activity Formative activity

Master Classes hours hours hours

Presentation of the course

Lectures 19,5 43 62,5

Practical Activity

Laboratory and practice 31,5 35,5 67

SEMINARIOS

Analysis and discussion of works

7,5 10,5 18

Work of analysis and synthesis

Time dedicated to the work

6 6

EVALUACION

Preparation to exam 25 25

Exams 1,5 1,5

Others….

TOTAL 180

Hours of work / ECTS 180/6=30 Horas


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Assessment Criteria

LA6 - THE FINAL MARK IS CALCULATED BY CONTINUOUS EVALUATION SYSTEM (Ordinary session):

LA1 - Lectures (Master Classes) will count for 50% of the final mark, of which:

10% will be obtained from the partial exam marks (continuous evaluation). A typical format for this

exam may consist in 2 short answer questions and 28 multiple choice questions. In order to pass the

exam it will be necessary to obtain a score of five “5” points out of “10”. If a student does not attend this

exam or fail it, the final outcome will be “0” points, which will be averaged with the result of the final

exam.

40% will be obtained from the final exam. A typical format for this exam may consist in 3 short answer

questions and 27 multiple choice questions. In order to pass the exam it is necessary to obtain a score

of five “5” points out of “10”. If a student does not attend this exam or fail it, the student will go directly

to the retake exam in July (extraordinary session).

LA2 - Seminars will count for 5% of the final mark.

Students will make presentations on assigned topics. It is necessary to obtain a score of five “5” points out of

“10” this part of the subject.

LA4 - Practical sessions will count for 45% of the final mark, of which:

25% will be obtained from the average of the marks attained during the pre-clinic activity (Practice).

Each piece of work not handed in will score “0” points, whether the student attended or not attended

the class.

20% will be obtained from to the final exam, where the student needs to recognise and explain two

materials studied during the course. If a student does not pass this module, the student will go directly

to the retake exam in July.

In order to pass LA4, it is necessary to obtain a score of five “5” points out of “10”.

The continuous evaluation will only be applied if you score a minimum of “5” points out of “10” in the (LA1)

theoretical final exam.

The student will be examined on the entire subject, lectures, seminars and practical classes, maintaining the

possibility of obtaining the maximum score. This exam will consist of 3 short answer questions and 27 multiple

choice questions.

Each part of the subject must be passed independently.

Attendance to seminars and practical classes is compulsory. The ATTENDACE to practical sessions and seminars is MANDATORY and the evaluation will be conducted by one or two theoretical and / or tests through the development and presentation of a didactic sequence, as considered appropriate by the teacher. • In case of one unjustified* or more than one justified** absences, the student will need to sit an additional exam before attending the final exam. * Notification of absence must be delivered by email within 24 hours, and subsequently a hard copy of the proof will be presented directly to the professor. ** Justified absences are those for illness (with a doctor’s note), death of a close relative (with evidence) or attendance to a university sponsored event. - If a student needs to change practical or seminar group, he/she must inform the teacher previously and must swap with another classmate. No group may increase its number of students. Correct use of equipment and cleanliness of the work-bench after finishing will be evaluated every practical session. • If the student does not pass the subject, in future exams the grade of practices will not be considered Students who enrol for this subject for the second time will NOT be evaluated via the continuous

assessment system and the final course mark will be based purely on the final exam. However, these


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Assessment Criteria

students may request to be included in the continuous assessment system via in-writing letter to the

head professor before the beginning of the course.

Their final mark will be obtained in the following way:

(LA1) Theoretical Exam: 50% of the final mark.

A typical format for this exam may consist in 3 short answer questions and 27 multiple choice questions. In

order to pass the exam it is necessary to obtain a score of five “5” points out of “10”. If a student does not

attend this exam or fail it, the student will go directly to the retake exam in July.

(LA2) Seminars Exam: 5% of the final mark

A total 5% of the final grade will be obtained from a final exam about the contents of the seminars studied

during the course. In order to pass this part, it is necessary to obtain a score of five “5” points out of “10”. In

case of one unjustified* or more than one justified** absences, the student will need to sit the final exam

and obtain a score higher than 5.9

(LA4) Practical Exam: 45% of the final mark.

A total 45% of the final grade will be obtained from a final exam, where the student needs to recognise and

explain two materials studied during the course. If a student does not pass this module, the student will go

directly to the retake exam in July. In order to pass this practical part, it is necessary to obtain a score of

five “6” points out of “10”.


AF6 - The retake mark will be calculated in the following way (Exam July – extraordinary session):

EXTRAORDINARY EXAM (Retake July)

If in June a student passed only a part of the exams (e.g. LA1, LA2, LA4), marks will not be upheld for the

retake in July unless the final mark is higher than 6.99. Otherwise, the student will be examined again on the

entire subject, theory, seminars and practice.

The retake mark will be calculated in the following way (Exam July):

(LA1) Theoretical Exam: 50% of the final mark.

A typical format for this exam may consist in 3 short answer questions and 27 multiple choice questions. In

order to pass the exam it is necessary to obtain a score of five “5” points out of “10”. If a student does not

attend this exam or fail it, the student will go directly to the retake exam in July.

(LA2) Seminars Exam: 5% of the final mark

A total 5% of the final grade will be obtained from a final oral exam about the contents of the seminars

studied during the course. In order to pass this practical part, it is necessary to obtain a score of five “5”

points out of “10”.

(LA4) Practical Exam: 45% of the final mark.

A total 45% of the final grade will be obtained from a final exam, where the student needs to recognise and

explain two materials studied during the course. If a student does not pass this module, the student will go

directly to the retake exam in July. In order to pass this practical part, it is necessary to obtain a score of

five “6” points out of “10”.



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Programme

THEORY - Lectures

I. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS

1. Patient history and elimination of cross-infection in dental clinic

2. Introduction to dental materials

3. Mechanical properties

4. Electrical, thermal and optical properties

5. Rheological properties. Biocompatibility

6. Surface phenomena. The study of interphases

7. Organic materials: synthetic polymers

8. Metallurgy: metals and alloys.

II. AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS

9. Gypsum products

10. Impression materials

11. Hydrocolloids

12. Synthetic elastomers

13. Dental waxes and thermoplastic dental materials

14. Investing materials

III. DIRECT RESTORATIVE BIOMATERIALS

15. Resin composites

16. Adhesive systems

17. Dental amalgam

IV. INDIRECT RESTORATIVE BIOMATERIALS

18. Wrought alloys

19. Acrylic resin

20. Dental ceramics

V. FILLING BIOMATERIALS

21. Endodontic materials

22. Dental cements

SEMINARS

In all seminars, different clinical situations that will support decision-making work of the correct

selection of dental materials will be discussed. The student will face issues and problems that may

arise daily in practice as a result of the various properties of dental materials. Research and scientific

articles will be reviewed to better understand the physical-chemical properties of materials and to

acquire new knowledge of recent innovative materials.

Furthermore, students will learn to relate the different materials together as part of a comprehensive

treatment.


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Basic bibliography

O’brien WJ. Dental materials and their selection. Quintessence books; 2009

Hatrick CD, Eakle WS, Bird WF. Dental Materials: Clinical Applications for Dental Assistants and

Dental Hygienists. Saunders Elsevier; 2011

Craig's Restorative Dental Materials, 13th Edition, R. L. Sakaguchi, & J. M. Powers, Elsevier: 416 pp.

Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, 12th Edition, Kenneth J. Anusavice DMD PhD Publication Date:

October 11, 2012.

Dental biomaterials book: Imaging, testing and modeling. Optical imaging techniques for dental

biomaterials interfaces. R.V. Curtis, T.F. Watson and S. Sauro, King's College London, UK. 2008

Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AH, England

Additional bibliography

Powers JM, Wataka JC. Dental Materials: Properties and Manipulation. Mosby Elsevier; 2008

Boyd LRB. Dental instruments. A pocket guide. Sounders Elsevier Science; 2003

Jiménez A, Abalos C, Hernández JM. Manual de materiales odontológicos. Sevilla: Secretariado de

publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla; 2011

Anusavice KJ. Phillips Ciencia de los Materiales Dentales. Madrid: Elsevier; 2004

PRACTICAL SESSIONS

1. Materials properties

2. Sorption and solubility

3. Gypsum products

4. Thermoplastic dental materials

5. Irreversible hydrocolloids: Alginates

6. Synthetic elastomers: Silicone, Polyether and Polysulfide

7. Acrylic resins

8. Dental cements and mechanical properties

9. Adhesive systems and mechanical properties

10. Resin composites and mechanical properties

11. Dental amalgam

12. Clinical simulation – Dental Chair. Patient history, working position and indirect vision

13. Restorative and Endodontic instruments

14. Practical exam


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Other resources

http://www.academydentalmaterials.org www.dentalbmsr.org https://www.facebook.com/groups/985792791507045/requests/ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Salvatore_Sauro?ev=hdr_xprf (need to sign up to download scientific articles and further study materials)

Student advice

Class attendance is essential for the correct understanding of the subject. The notes provided in class are only

guides for the study. They must be complemented with the recommended bibliography.

Links to the Dental Profession

The question of whether and to what extent dental materials may be hazardous to patients, the environment,

and dental personnel has become of increasing public concern. The very emotional discussion in the public

media about amalgam has significantly contributed to this dispute. In addition, reports about potential health

risks in relation to other dental materials, such as resins and dental alloys, have generated an increased public

and professional interest in this topic. One consequence of this tendency is that dental materials are now the

subject of special regulations and directives in almost all countries of the world, intended to guarantee

efficiency, safety, and quality and to make sure that only biocompatible materials are brought on the market.

For dental students and practicing dentists, it is therefore highly relevant to be familiar with the field of dental

biomaterials, which tightly interconnects modern dentistry with other medical disciplines, biology, chemistry,

and physics. The course will review relevant background information on biomaterials (chemical and physical

properties, definitions, determination of biocompatibility, and regulations and standards) in order to qualify the

dentist to critically review data and information provided by the manufacturers and marketing companies.

http://www.academydentalmaterials.org/

https://www.facebook.com/groups/985792791507045/requests/

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Salvatore_Sauro?ev=hdr_xprf

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