guidelines)for) specifying,)designing,) and) · pdf fileguidelines)for)...
TRANSCRIPT
Guidelines)for)
Specifying,)Designing,)
and)Building)with)
Structural)Wood)Beams)
and)Mass)Timber)
Archie'Landreman'September'30,'2015'CONSTRUCT''St.'Louis,'MO'
“The'Wood'Products'Council”'is'a'Registered'Provider'with'The'American'InsKtute'of'Architects'ConKnuing'EducaKon'Systems'(AIA/CES),'Provider'#G516.''!Credit(s)'earned'on'compleKon'of'this'course'will'be'reported'to'AIA'CES'for'AIA'members.'CerKficates'of'CompleKon'for'both'AIA'members'and'nonVAIA'members'are'available'upon'request.'''
This'course'is'registered'with'AIA'CES'for'conKnuing'professional'educaKon.'As'such,'it'does'not'include'content'that'may'be'deemed'or'construed'to'be'an'approval'or'endorsement'by'the'AIA'of'any'material'of'construcKon'or'any'method'or'manner'of'handling,'using,'distribuKng,'or'dealing'in'any'material'or'product.'________________________________ QuesKons'related'to'specific'materials,'methods,'and'services'will'be'addressed'at'the'conclusion'of'this'presentaKon.'''
Course)Descrip?on)
This'presentaKon'will'provide'a'detailed'look'at'structural'wood'beams'and'mass'Kmber'including:'dimensional'lumber'beams,'heavy'Kmber,'glued'laminated'beams'and'columns'(GLULAM),'structural'composite'lumber,'metal'plate'connected'wood'trusses'and'mass'Kmber.''Proper'use'of'structural'wood'beams'and'mass'Kmber'will'be'described'with'examples'of'field'applicaKons'and'installaKon.'Discussion'will'be'provided'concerning'proper'and'improper'use'of'structural'wood'beams'and'mass'Kmber.'
Learning)Objec?ves)
1. Acquire'a'working'knowledge'of'Structural'Wood'Beams'and'Mass'Timber.'
2. Choose'between'various'Wood'Beams'and'Structural'Wood'Products.'
3. Design'with'Wood'Beams,'and'Mass'Timber.'4. Highlight'field'installaKons'of'Structural'Wood'Beams'
and'Mass'Timber'and'how'to'idenKfy'incorrect'installaKon'and'potenKal'problems.'
Outline)
• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons'• Framing'Member'OpKons'• Panel'OpKons'• Mass'Timber'
Framing:)Layout,)Spacings,)Spans)
Less'Ideal'Layout'• Unequal'Spans'• Unequal'Spacings'
Framing:)Layout,)Spacings,)Spans)
Ideal'Layout'• Equal'Spans'• Equal'Spacings'• Avoid'SKffVSob'Areas'• RepeKKon'• Efficiency'
Load)Path)Con?nuity)
• Structural'loads'(gravity'and'lateral)'must'follow'a'conKnuous'load'path'from'roof'to'foundaKon'
• In'mulKVstory'construcKon,'to'work'around'building'features,'may'require'numerous'load'path'“steps”'in'lieu'of'a'single'verKcal'load'path'
'
Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Results)&)Impacts)
Library'Square,'BriKsh'Columbia,'Canada'JM'Architects'
Wood'Cube'Apartments'Photo:'IBA'Hamburg'
• In'many'situaKons,'general'building'layout'is'complete'before'structural'design'begins'
• Understanding'impacts'of'wall,'column,'opening'layout'on'structural'system'efficiency'will'aid'in'providing'more'cost'effecKve'soluKons'
'
Concentrated'post'load''
Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Wall)Loads)
Rim'joist'transfers'uniform'bearing'wall'loads''
Uniform'wall'load''
Squash'blocks'in'combinaKon'with'rim'joist'transfer'concentrated'post'loads''
Blocking'prevents'joist'rotaKon'and'transfers'upper'wall'loads''
Uniform'wall'load''
Gravity)Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Wall)Eleva?on)
Header''
Header''
Header'distributes'uniform'and'
concentrated'loads'from'above'as'
concentrated'loads'to'wall'below'
Upper'wall'studs'align'with'
floor'joists'which'align'
with'lower'wall'studs'
Squash'blocks'under'concentrated'load'
Studs'and'posts'in'lower'wall'transfer'loads'to'foundaKon'
Lateral)Load)Path)Con?nuity:)Wall)Eleva?on)
Shear'Wall''
Shear'Wall''
Header''
Header''
Header'distributes'upper'shear'wall'
end'post'concentrated'load'
to'wall'below'Header'also'
distributes'upper'shear'wall'shear'to'
wall'below''
Posts'in'lower'wall'transfer'
upper'wall'end'post'
concentrated'loads'to'
foundaKon''
Wall'plates'act'as'drag'struts'to'transfer'shear'loads'from'upper'wall'to'lower'wall'
Spanning)Members:)Localized)Stress)
Moment)cri?cal)zones:'locaKons'of'maximum'localized'bending'stresses'which'should'not'be'affected'with'holes'and'notches'Shear:'locaKons'of'maximum'localized'shear'stresses'which'should'not'be'affected'with'holes'and'notches'
Moment'CriKcal'Zone'
Moment'CriKcal'Zone'
Shear'CriKcal'Zone'
L''
d/4''
d/4''
d/2''
L/2''
L/8''
L/8''
L/8''
L/8''
Generally'acceptable'locaKons'of'holes/notches'
Shear'CriKcal'Zone'
Allowable)Floor)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)
D/4'max'notch'depth'at'ends'
No'notches'permijed'in'middle'1/3'of'span'
D/3'max'
D'
2”'min'from'top'and'bojom'of'joist''
Outer'1/3'of'span'
D/6'max'
D/6'max'
D/3'='max'length'
Per'IBC'2308.8.2'
Outer'1/3'of'span'
Allowable)Floor)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)
Allowable)Notches)&)Holes)in)Solid)Sawn)Floor)Joists)–)IBC)2308.8.2)
Joist'Size' Max'Hole' Max'Notch'Depth' Max'End'Notch'
2x6' 1V3/4”' 7/8”' 1V3/8”'
2x8' 2V3/8”' 1V1/8”' 1V7/8”'
2x10' 3”' 1V1/2”' 2V1/4”'
2x12' 3V3/4”' 1V7/8”' 2V7/8’'
Allowable)Wall)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)
D''
Per'IBC'2308.9.10'&'2308.9.11'
NonVbearing'wall' Exterior'or'bearing'wall'
0.60'D'
max'
5/8”'min'each'side'
0.40'D'max'
D''
0.40'D'
max'
5/8”'min'each'side'
0.25'D'max'
• Senior)Living)• Apartments/Condos)
• Mixed)Use)
• Student)Housing)• Affordable)Housing)• Hotels)
Where)Wood)is)a)viable)op?on,)it’s)likely)
the)most)appropriate)choice.)
'
Allowable)Wall)Holes)&)Notches)–)IBC)2308)
Allowable)Notches)&)Holes)in)Solid)Sawn)Wall)Studs))
IBC)2308.9.10)&)2308.9.11)
Stud'Size' NonVBearing'Wall' Exterior'&'Bearing'Walls'
Max'Hole' Max'Notch' Max'Hole' Max'Notch'
2x4' 2”' 1V3/8”' 1V3/8”' 7/8”'
2x6' 3V1/4”' 2V1/8”' 2V1/8”' 1V3/8”'
2x8' 4V1/4”' 2V7/8”' 2V7/8”' 1V7/8”'
Floor)Framing:)Compression)Edge)Bracing)
• Bending'causes'compression'in'one'edge'of'member'• Compression'can'cause'buckling;'compression'edge'bracing'
resists'buckling'''
Compression'edge'
Tension'edge'
Loading'direcKon'
Floor)Framing:)Compression)Edge)Bracing)
• Floor'sheathing'braces'compression'flange'of'floor'joists'• Specify'sheathing'to'framing'fasteners'sized'to'resist'
compression'force''
Floor)Framing:)Compression)Edge)Bracing)
• Floor'joists'brace'compression'flange'of'floor'beam'• Floor'joists'installed'Kght'to'beam'resist'beam'compression'
force''
Interior)Wood)Framed)Par??ons)
Untreated'wood'framed'(interior)'parKKon'walls'are'permijed'in'the'following:'• Type'V'ConstrucKon'(IBC'602.5)'• Type'IV'ConstrucKon'as'follows:'
• Walls'must'be'solid'wood:'2'layers'of'1”'min.'boards,'4”'thick'laminated'construcKon,'or'1'hour'fire'resistance'rated'(IBC'602.4.6)'
• Type'III'ConstrucKon'(IBC'602.3)''Fire'Retardant'Treated'wood'framed'nonVbearing'parKKons'are'permijed'in:'• Type'I'and'II'ConstrucKon'where'the'required'fire'resistance'
raKng'is'2'hours'or'less'(IBC'603.1)''
Benefits'of'wood'framed'parKKons:'• Ease'of'trim'&'other'finish'installaKon'• Ease'of'installing'blocking'for'hanging'cabinets,'shelving,'other'
misc.'items'
Wood)in)Contact)with)Other)Materials))
• IBC'2304.11'requires'preservaKve'treated'or'naturally'durable'wood'when'in'contact'with'foundaKon'walls'
'
Wood)in)Contact)with)Other)Materials))
• Detail'to'allow'drying,'venKng,'differenKal'movement'• Avoid'moisture'traps''
Outline)
• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons'• Framing'Member'OpKons'• Panel'OpKons'• Mass'Timber'
Member)Orienta?on:)Framing)
• Most'framing'members'have'a'major'and'minor'axis'• Most'framing'members'are'rectangular;'larger'dimension'
generally'determines'direcKon'of'major'axis''
Member)Orienta?on:)Framing)
Framing)Op?ons)
Solid'Sawn'Lumber''Lumber'(2”V4”'thickness)'and'Timbers'(5”x5”'&''larger)'
Glulam'I'Joists'Structural'Composite'Lumber'
'LVL,'PSL,'LSL,'OSL'
Image'Source:'APA'
Solid)Sawn)Framing)
Design'Routes:''IBC'2012'2308'–'ConvenKonal'LightVFrame'ConstrucKon''AWC'NDS'2012'–'Engineered'Design''AWC'Wood'Frame'ConstrucKon'Manual'2012'' 'V'Design'tools'based'upon'NDS'
Single'or'MulKVply'members'can'be'used'for'floor,'roof'joists,'beams,'purlins,'wall'studs,'plates,'blocking,'bracing'
Solid)Sawn)Roof)Framing)Spans)
IBC)2012)Table)2308.10.3(2))Ra`er)Spans)for)Common)Lumber)
Species)
Assumes'Roof'Live'Load'='20'psf,'Δ'='L/240'
Solid)Sawn)Roof)Framing)Spans)
Ra`er)Spacing) Species)and)
Grade)
Size) Maximum)
Ra`er)Span)
16”' DouglasVFir'Larch'#2'
2x8' 18’V2”'
2x10' 22’V3”'
2x12' 25’V9”'
24”' SpruceVPineVFir'#2'
2x8' 14’V10”'
2x10' 18’V2”'
2x12' 21’V0”'
Assumes'Roof'Live'Load'='20'psf,'Roof'Dead'Load'='10'psf,'Δ'='L/240'
Solid)Sawn)Floor)Framing)Spans)
IBC)2012)Table)2308.8(2))Floor)Joist)Spans)for)Common)Lumber)
Species)
Assumes'Live'Load'='40'psf,'Δ'='L/360'
Solid)Sawn)Floor)Framing)Spans)
Joist)Spacing) Species)and)
Grade)
Size) Maximum)
Joist)Span)
16”' DouglasVFir'Larch'#2'
2x8' 12’V7”'
2x10' 15’V5”'
2x12' 17’V10”'
24”' SpruceVPineVFir'#2'
2x8' 10’V3”'
2x10' 12’V7”'
2x12' 14’V7”'
Assumes'Live'Load'='40'psf,'Floor'Dead'Load'='10'psf,'Δ'='L/360'
Solid)Sawn)Wall)Studs)–)Wind)Design)
AWC’s)2012)Wood)Frame)Construc?on)Manual)(WFCM))
Solid)Sawn)Wall)Studs)–)Wind)Design)
3)second)wind)gust) 115)mph) 130)mph)
Stud'Size' 2x4' 2x6' 2x4' 2x6'
10'b'wall'height' 1070'psi' 433'psi' 1367'psi' 554'psi'
12'b'wall'height' 1493'psi' 605'psi' 1908'psi' 773'psi'
Assumes'Studs'@'16”'o.c.'
Induced'Wall'Stud'Bending'Stresses'from'Wind'Loads'
Solid)Sawn)Framed)MidbRise)Building)
Photo'Credit:'Benjamin'Benschneider/Mahlum'
University'of'Washington'West'Campus'Student'Housing'–'Phase'I'• LocaKon:'Seajle,'WA'• 5'Stories'light'frame'construcKon'over'2'story'concrete'podium'
Solid)Sawn)Timbers)
Heavy'Kmber'members'used'in'type'IV'construcKon'&'other'exposed'applicaKons.'
Burr'&'Burton'Academy'–'Mountain'Campus,'Peru,'VT,'Photo'Credit:'Bensonwood'
Can'be'square'(10x10)'or'rectangular'(8x12)'shapes:'• Columns'• Beams'• Custom'trusses'
Solid)Sawn)Heavy)Timber)Framing)
Anderson'Japanese'Gardens'Visitor's'Center,'Rockford,'IL,'Photo'Credit:'Daniel'G.'Saavedra'
Winery)Fermenta?on)Barn)
Nickel)&)Nickel)Winery)
• LocaKon:'Oakville,'CA'• UKlizes'tradiKonal'post'and'beam'
joinery'
Design'Team:'Taylor'Lombardo'Architects'LLP,'JVA'Incorporated'Photo'Credit:'Adrian'Gregoruv'
Winery)Fermenta?on)Barn)
Solid)Sawn)Heavy)Timber)Trusses)
The'Pepper'PlantaKon'Pavilion,'Awendaw,'SC,'Photo'Credit:'SGA'Architecture)
Timber)Frame)Systems)
SIMPLE)TRUSS' CLASSIC)KING)POST)TRUSS''
KING)POST)TRUSS'
QUEEN)POST)SYSTEM''
HAMMER)TRUSS' SCISSOR)TRUSS'
William'N.'Allyn'Conference'Center''
Photos'courtesy'New'Energy'Works'Timberframers''
25,000'sq'b'
William'N.'Allyn'Conference'Center''
Photos'courtesy'New'Energy'Works'Timberframers''
25,000'sq'b'
Glulam)
Glulam'='a'structural'composite'of'lumber'and'adhesives'Recognized'in'IBC'2303.1.3'using'ANSI/AITC'A'190.1'and'ASTM'D'3737'Can'be'used'for'floor,'roof'purlins,'beams,'arches,'columns'
Dispersal)of)Strength)Reducing)Characteris?cs)
Single)Lamina?on)
)Glued)Laminated)Timber)
First)Glulam)in)the)U.S.A.)
1933'–'Madison,'WI'
Typical)Widths:)
3V1/8”,'3V1/2”,'5V1/8”,'5V1/2”,'6V3/4”,'8V3/4”,'10V3/4”,'12V1/4”')
Typical)Depths:)
Increments'of'1½“'from'6”'to'60”+''Note:'Some'glulam'laminaKons'are'1V3/8”''Typical)Species)
DouglasVFir,'Southern'Pine,'Spruce'''
Glulam)Sizes)&)Op?ons)
width'
depth'
Can'be'PT,'FRT,'varies'by'manufacturer'&'treater''Can'be'cambered''Different'Appearance'Grades'available'''
Image:'APA'Glulam'Product'Guide''
Glulam)Layup)–)Balanced)&)Unbalanced)
High'Strength'Outer'Tension'Lams'
Lower'Grade'Inner'Lams'
Medium'Grade'Inner'Compression'Lam'
High'Strength'Outer'Compression'Lams'
Medium'Grade'Inner'Compression'Lam'
Image:'AITC'''
Glulam)Appearance)Grades)–)APA)EWS)Y110))
Industrial'Grade'''
Premium'Grade'''
Architectural'Grade'''
Framing'Grade'''
Images:'American'Laminators'''
Glulam)Beam)Capaci?es)
Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA'Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures'
AITC'Beam'Capacity'Tables'hjp://www.aitcVglulam.org/capacity.asp'S'='controlled'by'shear,'D'='controlled'by'deflecKon,'B'='controlled'by'bending'''
Glulam)Column)Capaci?es)
Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA'Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures'AITC'Column'Capacity'Tables'hjp://www.aitcVglulam.org/column.asp'
'
Specifying)Glulam)Camber)
Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA'Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures'
• Glulam'can'be'manufactured'with'camber''to'offset'the'anKcipated'dead'load'deflecKon'
• Very'important'for'long'span'members'• Glulam'industry'recommends'camber'='1.5'Kmes'
calculated'dead'load'deflecKon'
Image:'APA'Glulam'Product'Guide''
Glulam)Arches)
Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA'Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures'
Lemay'America'Auto'Museum'Photos'courtesy'Western'Wood'Structures'
104’'Span'Glulam'Arches'Glulam'purlins'@'4’'o.c'
Hybrid)Glulam)Trusses)
Jackson)Hole)Airport)
• LocaKon:'Jackson'Hole,'WY'• LEED'Silver'• Completed'2010'
Design'Team:'Gensler,'MarKn,'MarKn'Photo'Credit:'Majhew'Millman,'Tim'Griffith''
Hybrid)Glulam)Trusses)
Thunder)Bay)Regional)Health)Sciences)Centre)Wood)and)the)Environment:)Credit)Valley)
Building)Occupant)Environment)
Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)
YMCA'Camp'Thunderbird'Duke'Energy'Pavilion,'Lake'Wylie,'South'Carolina'Photo:')Stanley'Capps'
Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)
Richmond'Olympic'Oval,'Richmond,'BC''Photo:'naturallywood.com'
Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)
The'Cathedral'of'Christ'The'Light,'Oakland,'CA'Photo:'Timothy'Hursley,'Cesar'Rubio,'and'John'Blaustein,''
Flexibility)of)Shapes)and)Spans)
Lemay'Museum,'Tacoma,'WA'Photo:'Western'Wood'Structures'
Jared’s)Galleria)
Jared’s)Galleria)
Jared’s)Galleria)
Jared’s)Galleria)
Jared’s)Galleria)
Havens'Elementary'School,'Piedmont'CA'Design':'ATI'Architects'and'Engineers'General'Contractor:''Webcor'Photos'courtesy'RedBuilt'
46,000'sf'school'replacement'Completed'2010''
Havens'Elementary'School,'Piedmont'CA'Design':'ATI'Architects'and'Engineers'General'Contractor:''Webcor'Photos'courtesy'RedBuilt'
46,000'sf'school'replacement'Completed'2010''
Havens'Elementary'School,'Piedmont'CA'Design':'ATI'Architects'and'Engineers'General'Contractor:''Webcor'Photos'courtesy'RedBuilt'
46,000'sf'school'replacement'Completed'2010''
Structural)Composite)Lumber)
Laminated'Veneer'Lumber')
Parallel'Strand''Lumber')
Laminated'Strand''Lumber')
Oriented'Strand''Lumber')
Recognized'in'IBC'2303.1.9'using'ASTM'D'5456'Proprietary'Products'with'EvaluaKon'Reports'Can'be'used'for'floor,'roof'beams'&'columns,'tall'wall'studs'
University'of'Idaho'RecreaKonal'Center'Architects:'Ohlson'Lavoie'Company'Structural'Engineer:'Coffman'Engineers'
85,000'sq'b'Completed'2002''PSL'Truss'Roof'
University'of'Idaho'RecreaKonal'Center'Architects:'Ohlson'Lavoie'Company'Structural'Engineer:'Coffman'Engineers'
85,000'sq'b'Completed'2002''PSL'Truss'Roof'
)Metal)Plated)Wood)Truss)
Floor)Truss)Configura?ons)
Jared’s)Galleria)
Roof)Truss)Configura?ons)
Scissors
Vaulted)Parallel)Chord)
Flat)Vault
Studio)Vault
Tray)or)Coffer
Barrel)Vault
Roof)Truss)Configura?ons)
Polynesian)
Gambrel)
RoombInbAhc)
Bowstring)
Double)Can?lever
TribBearing)
79'Clerestory)
Can?levered)Mansard))
W/)Parapets)
Hip)
Dual)Pitch)
Sloping)Flat)
Half)Scissors)
Half)Hip)
Mono
Roof)Truss)Configura?ons)
Mul?bPiece)
Double)Inverted)
Roof)Truss)Configura?ons)
Wood)in)Retail)Design)
• NaKonal'Fast'Food'Chain'
• 2008'• Smyrna,'TN'
Fast)Food)Chain)Restaurant)
• 2x6'wall'studs'• 10’'tall'walls'+'16”'stem'
wall'• Brick'and'Stone'Exterior'• 2,700sf'
Fast)Food)Chain)Restaurant)
34’'Wood'Truss'Spans'@'32”'o.c.''36”'deep'flat'roof'trusses.'
Wood)in)Retail)Design)
• NaKonal'Jewelry'Store'Chain'• 2008'
Jewelry)Store)
• 2x8'wall'studs'>'20’'tall'• Panelized'walls'• Exterior'Finishes'Applied'
Jewelry)Store)
25’'Wood'Truss'Spans'Steel'beam'uKlized'along'center'of'building.'
Jared’s)Galleria)
Jared’s)Galleria)
Parallel)Chord)Scissors)Truss)
82’)Clear)Span)Trusses)
Outline)
• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons'• Framing'Member'OpKons'• Panel'OpKons'• Mass'Timber'
Member)Orienta?on:)Panels)
Minor Axis
Major'Axis'
24” min
2 spans minimum
Strength axis Τ to supports
• Due'to'mulKVlayer'composiKon,'most'panel'products'have'a'major'and'minor'axis'
• DirecKon'of'grain'in'face'plies/veneers'generally'determine'direcKon'of'major'axis'
'
Center
Inner
Back
Face
Inner
Wood'EducaKon'InsKtute'
Panel)Op?ons)
Wood'Structural'Panels''Oriented'Strand'Board'(OSB)'and'Plywood'
Solid'Sawn'Decking''2x,'3x'and'4x'dimensional'lumber''Mechanically'Laminated'or'Tongue'&'Groove'
Panel'Products:''Mass'Kmber'panels'(CLT,'NLT,'GLT,'LVL)''Structural'Insulated'Panels'(SIPS)'
Wood)Structural)Panels)
• Plywood'V'the'original'engineered'wood'panel''(>100'years)'• Oriented'Strand'Board'(OSB)'V'a'second'generaKon'
engineered'wood'panel''• Depending'on'thickness,'loads,'generally'span'16”'–'24”'
Wood)Structural)Panels)
IBC)2012)2303.1.4)Wood)structural)panels.)
'Wood'structural'panels,'when'used'structurally'(including'those'used'for'siding,'roof'and'wall'sheathing,'subflooring,'diaphragms'and'builtVup'members),'shall'conform'to'the'requirements'for'their'type'in'DOC)PS)1,)DOC)PS)2)or)ANSI/APA)PRP)210.)Each'panel'or'member'shall'be'idenKfied'for'grade,'bond'classificaKon,'and'Performance'Category'by'the'trademarks'of'an'approved'tesKng'and'grading'agency.'The'Performance)Category)value)shall)be)used)as)the)“nominal)
panel)thickness”)or)“panel)thickness”)whenever)
referenced)in)this)code.''
Wood)Structural)Panels)
APA)Engineered)Wood)Construc?on)Guide)
APA)Engineered)Wood)Construc?on)Guide)
Lumber)Decking)
Lumber)Decking)
• Code'Acceptance'for'2,'3'and'4'inch'thick'Tongue'&'Groove'Lumber'Decking'per'IBC'2012'2304.8'
• Widths'can'be'same'as'dimensional'lumber'• NDS'Supplement'Table'4E'gives'Reference'Design'Values'• Single'or'double'layer''
3x6'Double'T&G'Pine'Photo'Southern'Wood'SpecialKes'
2x6'T&G'Doug'Fir'Photo'Bear'Creek'Lumber'
Lumber)Decking)Layup)Op?ons)
Details'in'IBC'with'further'informaKon'in'AWC'WCD'2'
American)Wood)Council)
Wood)Construc?on)Data)2)
Tongue!and!Groove!Roof!Decking!
Lumber)Roof)Decking)Spans)
• AWC'WCD'2'T&G'Decking'Design'Tools.'• Used'with'Lumber'Design'Values'from'NaKonal'
Design'SpecificaKon'for'Wood'ConstrucKon'and'Supplement.'
Lumber)Roof)Decking)Spans)
• 2'inch'can'span'up'to'8'feet'or'more'• 3'inch'can'span'up'to'12'feet'or'more'• 4'inch'can'span'up'to'16'feet'or'more'• Spans'depend'on'Loads,'Species'and'Grade'of'Lumber,'Deck'Layup'
Pajern,'Acceptable'DeflecKon,'etc.'
Lumber)Decking)with)WSP)Diaphragm)
Radiator'Building,'Portland,'OR,'Photo'Credit:'Josh'Partee'
Outline)
• Framing'Layout'ConsideraKons'• Framing'Member'OpKons'• Panel'OpKons'• Mass'Timber'
Mass)Timber)Panels)
Nail'Laminated'Timber'(NLT)''
Glue'Laminated'Timber'(GLT)''
Laminated'Veneer'Lumber'(LVL)''
Cross'Laminated'Timber'(CLT)''
Images'Source:'Structurecrab'
'
))))Nail)Laminated)Timber)Deck)
Column'SupporKng'Floor'Load'>)8x8)nominal)
Beam'SupporKng'Floor'Load'>)6x10)nominal)
Columns)and)beams)can))
be)sawn)or)Glublaminated)
IBC)Sec?on)2304.8.3:)Mechanically)Laminated)Decking)
SquareVedged'dimension'lumber'laminaKons'set'on'edge'and'nailed'to'adjacent'pieces'&'supports'• NDS'SecKon'15.1.1'provides'distribuKon'factors'for'concentrated'loads'on'4”'&'6”'nail'laminated'decking'
'
Image'Source:'Structurecrab'
'
))))Nail)Laminated)Timber)Deck)
Column'SupporKng'Floor'Load'>)8x8)nominal)
Beam'SupporKng'Floor'Load'>)6x10)nominal)
Columns)and)beams)can))
be)sawn)or)Glublaminated)
The'Bullij'Center,'Seajle,'WA''''''Photo'Credit:'John'Stamets'
What)is)Cross)Laminated)Timber)(CLT)?))
Photos'provided'by'FPInnovaKons'
4'1/8”'to'19'1/2”'
10’X40’'
8’X64’'
• 3'layers'min.'of'solid'sawn'lams'
• 90'deg.'crossVlams'• Similar'to'pw.'sht’g.'
Minor Axis
CLT)Composi?on)
Is)CLT)recognized)by)the)building)Code?)
Addi?onal)detailed)informa?on)is)available)at)www.woodworks.org))
SecKon'602.4VHeavy'Timber''and'secKon'2303.1.4.'
2015'IBC?'YES!'
Fire)Performance)
• ASTM E119 Fire Endurance Test • 5-Ply CLT (6-7/8” thick) • 5/8” Type X GWB each side • 2 hour target • Actual 3 hours 6 minutes
• 2015 NDS Chapter 16 includes char rates for CLT to achieve up to 2 hour fire rating
Product)Standardiza?on)
CLT)Product)Standard)
ANSI/APA'PRG'320'• CLT'Stress'classes'• Quality'Assurance'tesKng'• IdenKficaKon'marking'
'
Structural)Composi?on)of)CLT)
Lamina?ons:''(Per'PRG'320V2012)''5/8”'to'2”'thick.'''Machine'Stress'Rated'or'Visually'Graded'Dimensional'Lumber'or'SCL''Dried'to'12%'Moisture'Content'before'layup.''A'common'NA'thickness'is'1'3/8”''(planed'2x'stock)''PRG'320'provides'thickness'to'width'requirements'of'laminaKons'
Structural)Composi?on)of)CLT)
Layers:''(Per'PRG'320V2012)''Oriented'in'orthogonal'arrangement''Odd'number'of'symmetric'layers'most'common''Double'parallel'exterior'layers'permijed''Unbalanced'layup'permijed''Reference'gluVlam'adhesive'standard''(AITC'405)'''
Structural)Composi?on)of)CLT)
Panels,)also)known)as)Billets.)
' '20'inch'max'thickness'in'PRG'320''Up'to'8'b'or'more'wide'per'manufacturer'and'shipping''Up'to'40'b'or'more'long'per'manufacturer'and'shipping''Major'axis:''stronger,'sKffer,'usually'long'direcKon''Minor'axis:''less'strong'and'sKff,'usually'short'direcKon'''''
Minor Axis
CLT)Stress)Grades)
Stress)Grade) Major)Strength)
Direc?on)
Minor)Strength)Direc?on)
E1 1950f-1.7E MSR SPF #3 Spruce Pine Fir E2 1650f-1.5E MSR DFL #3 Doug Fir Larch E3 1200f-1.2E MSR Misc #3 Misc E4 1950f-1.7E MSR SP #3 Southern Pine V1 #2 Doug Fir Larch #3 Doug Fir Larch V2 #1/#2 Spruce Pine Fir #3 Spruce Pine Fir V3 #2 Southern Pine #3 Southern Pine
Non-mandatory in PRG 320. Other stress grades including SCL permitted
Examples)of)CLT)Configura?ons)
3Vply'3Vlayer'''5Vply'5Vlayer'''6Vply'5Vlayer''''9Vply'9Vlayer'
5Vply'3Vlayer'''7Vply'5Vlayer'''8Vply'5Vlayer''''9Vply'7Vlayer'
CLT)Panel)Capaci?es)
ANSI/APA'PRG'320''
CLT)Panel)Capaci?es)
ANSI/APA'PRG'320''
CLT)Panel)Capaci?es)
Source:'Nordic'XVLam,'Stress'Grade'E1''
Source:'Structurelam,'Stress'Grade'V2''
Massb”Timber”bForte’,)Melbourne,)Australia)
)
Architect:'Lendlease'Photo'credit:'Lendlease''
• Tallest'modern'Kmber'building'
'''''''V'10'stories'total'• 9'stories'of'CLT'over'1'story'concrete'podium'
• Prefabricated'CLT'panels'• All'CLT'loadVbearing'walls,'floor'slabs,'and'elevator'and'stair'shabs''
Massb”Timber”bTreet,)Bergen,)Norway)
)
Architect:'Arco'Engineer:'Sweco''
• Currently'under'construcKon'
• Once'complete'will'be'tallest'modern'Kmber'building'
'''''''V'14'stories'total,''173'feet'tall'
• Scheduled'compleKon'Autumn'2015'
• Unique'glulam'and'CLT'module'construcKon'
'
Solid)Timber)Sha`)Walls)
• Eliminates'using'concrete'or'masonry''• Short'construcKon'Kme'• Saves'money'
Case)StudybCLT)Milestone)in)Montana)
The)Long)Hall)
• First'CLT'project'in'the'US,'using'a'US'CLT'supplier.''
• Type'VB–CLT'walls'and'floor,'glueVlam'roof'beams'and'decking'
• 2'stories,'mixed'use'• 5'days'to'erect,'3'months'from'
foundaKon'to'occupancy'• Cost'effecKvenessV'short'
construcKon'Kme'and'keeping'CLT'panels'as'interior'finish'
Designer:'Datum'Design'Drabing'Engineer:'CLT'SoluKons'Photo:'gravityshots.com' LocaKon:'Whitefish,'MT'
US)CLT)Handbook)
1. IntroducKon'2. Manufacturing'3. Structural'4. Lateral'5. ConnecKons'6. DOL'and'Creep'7. VibraKon'8. Fire'9. Sound''
10. Enclosure'11. Environmental'12. Libing'
www.massKmber.com'
CLT)Assembly)Details)
www.mass7mber.com!
How$to$use$CLT$,$Assembly$
Case)Study:)CLT)Framed)School)
Franklin)Elementary)School)
• LocaKon:'Franklin,'WV'• 2'storiesV'45,200'sf.'''• Structure'erected'in'less'than'
3'months'• 1st'CLT'School'in'US'• Completed'2015' Architect:'MSES'Architects'
Ques?ons?)
This'concludes'The'American'InsKtute'of'Architects'ConKnuing'EducaKon'Systems'Course'
Archie)Landreman)
(262)'672V4746'[email protected]'
Visit)www.woodworks.org)for)more)educa?onal)materials,)
case)studies,)design)examples,)a)project)gallery,)and)more'
This'presentaKon'is'protected'by'US''and'InternaKonal'Copyright'laws.''
ReproducKon,'distribuKon,'display'and'use'of''the'presentaKon'without'wrijen'permission''
of'the'speaker'is'prohibited.''
©'The'Wood'Products'Council'2015'
Copyright)Materials)