Gunfire Location And Surveillance SystemGroup 3

Denis Alvarado BSCpE Zayd Babamir BSEELuis Salazar BSCpE Christian Kon BSEE

EEL 4915 Senior Design ll

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Goals and Objectives Overview● Listen and detect gunshots● Automatically send alerts● Calculate the direction from which a

gunshot was fired. ● Display location and detection data in a

useful manner.● Self sustaining system after installation

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Project Requirements

● Able to locate target within 200 meters● Final product should cost less than $800● Weight: < 5 lb ● Dimensions: 0.1 m x 0.1 m x 0.1 m ● Less than 20 minutes to setup● Able to distinguish gunshots from other

sounds● General direction of sound location: N, S,

E, W

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Theory & Algorithms

Gunshot Sound Detection Method ● Peak Detection with Thresholding determines when the

recording of the Audio begins● A counter is used to determine the delay of the peak

between each microphone● A wavelet Transformed decomposition of a fixed

number of samples is stored.● Data is encoded and written to the memory● A fixed location in memory holds the address to this

data

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Peak Detection● Determined by:

if 1. (Mag(n)-Mag(n-1))/2<(Mag(n)-Mag(n-2))/3 && 2. (Mag(n)+Mag(n-1)+Mag(n-2))/3 > threshold

● Once this is true a write flag remains true until a counter enables us to record a given time window.

● The first Signal to find a peak is then written to Memory

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Peak Detection Logic

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Gunshot Location

● Drawing Distance vectors to the sound source, we relate the vector from each microphone as:

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Gunshot Determination● Adaptive Boosting Generates features for determining if

a sound is a gunshot.

● Second set of classifiers differentiating between weapon types.

● Once this process is completed, signals can be convolved with the best ones.

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Peak frequency of nearly all firearms were found to be in the 500 Hzto 1000 Hz range. 13

Initial Hardware Design

Feature Hardware Specifications

Processor MCIMX6D5EYM10AC ARM Cortex A9 Dual Core, 1.0 GHz, 256k x 8 RAM size

Memory 1.0 Gb of DDR3 RAM at 1.5 V, 1333 MHz operating speed, 8 bit prefetch buffer.

Bluetooth ENW-89841A3KF 2178 kbps Data Rate, -93 dBm Receiver Sensitivity, 1.7- 4.8 V Operating Voltage I2C, PCM, UART Interfaces

GPS A2200-A 1.575 GHz, 48 Channels, -148 dBm Sensitivity, I2C or UART Interface.

FPGA XC3S100E-4VQG100C 100K Gates, 66 I/O lines, 72K block RAM, 100 pin

DPSRAM CY7C026A 16Kb x 16 Organization, 20ns Speed, 256 Kb Density, 4.5-5.5 V Operating Voltage.

Microphones SPM1437HM4H-B 100 Hz-10 KHz Frequency Range, -22 db ±3 dB @ 94 dB Sensitivity, 61.5 dB Signal to Noise Ratio, 1.0-3.25 MHz Sample Frequency

Battery Backup CyberPower LCD 340 W, 600 VA, 7Ah Uninterrupted Power Supply

Solar Panel Instapark 30 W, 17.5 V Max Voltage, 1.68 A Max Current, 21.95 V Open Circuit Voltage

ADC ADC1210S065HN/C1:5, 12 bit resolution, 2 V input Voltage, SPI or Parallel data interface, 13.5 clock cycle latency, 65 Msps sampling rate.

Amplifier TL084CD, 3 MHz Unity Gain, 200 V/mV Amplification

Block Diagram

● Three main modules:○ Audio○ Data Processing○ Power

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Audio Module

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A2D Maxim MAX 11060GUU● 16 bit 4 channel Analog to Digital converter● Selecting this part was a lengthy process as the calculations for

what sampling rate was required for the project changed.Cost $14.40

Maximum Sample Rate 3.07 mega samples per second

Input Mode(s) Differentially driven or single ended

Data Interface Serial (SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE)

Package Area 6.4x9.7 mm^2

Number of Pins 38

Operating Voltage 3.3 V

SNR at Fin = 62.5 Hz 94.5 dB

ADC Latency 405 uS at Fs = 3.07 MHz

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FPGA Xilinx Spartan 3A● XC3S200A-4FTG256C● Spartan 3A series: I/O optimized● Will be utilizing a minimum of 82 I/O lines● Connected to analog to digital converter with SPI● Captures serial bit output of analog to digital converter, applies the

wavelet transform, encodes the bits, and stores it to system Dual Port SRAM.

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Spartan 3A Specifications

Number of Gates 200k

Number of user I/O Lines 195

Block RAM (18 Kbit units) 288K

Supply Voltage 1.2 V

Number of Pins 256

Area 17x17 mm^2

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Data Processing

Module

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Data Processing Schematic Overview

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Processor Choices

Series ARM®, Cortex™A8ARM®, Cortex™A8

ARM® Cortex™ A9

ARM® Cortex™ A9

Speed 720MHz 1.0GHz 1.0GHz 1.0GHz

Cores Single Core 32 bitSingle Core 32 bit

Dual-Core 32 bit

Quad-Core 32 bit

RAM Size 64k x 8 64k x 8 256k x 8 256k x 8

Cost 39.6 43.75 48.37 60.44

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Memory● DDR3 SDRAM

○ Utilized directly by the ARM® Cortex™A9 processor for calculations, operating system resources, and GLASS software resources .

● DPSRAM (Dual-port Static RAM)○ Provides stable buffering for signal processing

while allowing the CPU to read the data while it is still being written.

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Power Module

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PV PanelSpecifications

Rated Maximum Power 30W

Current at Pmax 2.22A

Open-Circuit Voltage 21.8V

Short-Circuit Current 2.45A

Weight 4Kg

Dimensions 23.3 x 19.5 x 1.2 in

● This panel was chosen because its voltage and current output levels were high enough to charge the back-up battery under 8 hours.

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● CyberPower UPS specs were given in 12V. Table displays 12V → 5V calculations.

● Runtime based on if GLASS runs at maximum load which most times it will be in low power mode.

UPS Battery Back-UpGLASS Real Power (W) 11.50

Power Factor 0.9

GLASS Apparent Power (VA) 10.35

GLASS Amps at 5 V (A) 2.07

CyberPower Cell Ah at 12 V 8.5

CyberPower Cell Number 2

CyberPower Total Ah at 12 V 17

CyberPower Wh at 12 V 204

CyberPower Ah at 5 V 40.8

GLASS Runtime on CyberPower Battery at 5 V (hours) 19.7

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Current Hardware Design

Feature Hardware Specifications

Processor ATmega328P 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller, 32KB ISP flash memory, 1024B EEPROM, 20 MHz Operating Frequency.

Microphones SPM1437HM4H-B 100 Hz-10 KHz Frequency Range, -22 db ±3 dB @ 94 dB Sensitivity, 61.5 dB Signal to Noise Ratio, 1.0-3.25 MHz Sample Frequency

ISM Transceiver nRF24L01+ 2.4 GHz, 250 kbps-2Mbps Data Rate, 4 pin SPI configuration, 1.9-3.6 V Operating Voltages

GLASS to PC Data Bridge

Arduino Uno development kit with ATmega328P.

Block Diagram● Three Modules:

○ Audio Capture & Signal Processing

○ Recognition & Data Display○ Power

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Audio Capture

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Microphone Circuit Testing

● The GLASS PCB takes the output from audio capture module and utilizes peak detection to calculate the location direction of a sound.

● The data is then transferred over wirelessly to the computer running the GLASS recognition software.

Signal Processing

GLASS Printed Circuit Board

Board Population & Testing

● All the PCB and audiocircuit components were soldered by hand.● The PCB was originallytested by uploading the“blinky light” program.

Recognition & Data Display

● The GLASS PCB sends the data to a PC via a wireless module bridge.

● GLASS software analyzes the data determining whether or not the sound was a gunshot.

● The software then outputs the data for the user to view.

Wireless Communication nRF24L01+

● 2.4GHz ● SPI Communication● Range: 100m● Low Power Consumption:

● 13.3mA Transmitting● 900nA Power Down● 26uA Standby

Power

● The simplification of hardware design reduced the power consumption significantly: 11.50 W → 1.701 W

Feature Voltage (V) Current (mA) Power (W)

ATmega328 5 16 0.081

Arduino Uno 5 50 0.250

Microphones 5 200 1.000

Wi-fi Modules 3.3 11.3 0.037

Total 1.701

Software

Initial UML

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Gunshot Determination Testing

● Live gunshots were recorded and streamed into the GLASS recognition software. features were built from recordings

BudgetPart Description Part Number Distributor Qty Price TotalMain ARM CPU A9 MCIMX6D5EYM10AC Digi-key 1 39.9 39.9DPSRAM CY7C026A Digi-key 4 36.80 147.20Memory MT41J128M8JP-15E:G TR Digi-key 2 4.26 8.52Power Supply 285-1417-ND Digi-key 1 18.18 18.18Custom CB N/A PCBFabExpress.com 1 100 100USB Port 2040451-1 Digi-key 2 1.16 2.32USB Flash Drive DT101G2/8GBZET Amazon 1 5.98 5.98Network Adapter E261-5026 Tiger Direct 1 14.99 14.99PV Panel Goliath 40W Amazon 1 84.50 84.50Battery CP1500AVRLCD Amazon 1 159.99 159.99Microphone CMA-4544PF-W Digi-key 10 0.746 7.46Audio Wiring MPC-35-2XRCA-25 Mediabridge 1 11.99 11.99Power Wiring YYPT-POWAKIT8 Tiger Direct 1 17.21 17.21Basys 2 Spartan-3E FPGA Board Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA, -250 die Diligent 1 69.00 69.002:1 Mux SN74AUP1T158DCKR Digi-key 2 .40 .80Temp sensor LM94022BIMGX/NOPB Digi-key 1 1.14 1.14GPS A2235-H Mouser 1 14.42 14.42Bluetooth PAN1721 Digi-key 1 15.01 15.01MicroSD card 16 GB DV7834 Amazon 1 6.19 6.19

Total: 724.80 37

Division of Labor

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Questions?

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