gunnedah basin hia proposal march 2014 · 2018. 8. 4. · september 2014 caroona district...
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GUNNEDAHBASIN
HEALTHIMPACTASSESSMENT
PROPOSAL
SEPTEMBER2014
CaroonaDistrictoverlookingtheLiverpoolPlainstotheLiverpoolRange
Contact:PhilLaird(Chairperson) NickyChirlian(Secretary)0428712622 [email protected] [email protected]
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CONTENTS
1.Purposeofthisdocument..............................................................................................3
2.GoalsofGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment(GB-HIA).....................................3
3.PotentialUsesofGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment......................................4
4.Projectmanagementandsupervision............................................................................5
5.Timeframe......................................................................................................................5
6.JustificationforGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment........................................7
7.GunnedahBasinLocationandDescription....................................................................8
APPENDIX1–GB-HIADraftTermsofReference23/10/12.............................................11
APPENDIX2–GB-HIAKeyquestionsfortheproject.......................................................17
APPENDIX3-Notesrelevanttopotentialmethodologies..............................................19First Component of Project - Identification of baseline levels .................................................................. 19
APPENDIX4–IndicativeWaterQualityBenchmarks.......................................................22Draft Data Management Guidelines - Forensic Groundwater Monitoring Program .............................. 22
Groundwater Test and Analyte Suite ......................................................................................................... 23APPENDIX5–IndicativeCSGAirQualityBenchmarks.....................................................24
References........................................................................................................................26
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1.PurposeofthisdocumentTheGunnedahBasinHealthImpactSteeringCommittee,constitutedofcommunitygroupsandorganisationsintheGunnedahBasin,hasbeenchargedwithcommissioningastudyofthehealthandwelfarerisksofminingandgasextractioninthatbasin.RefertoAppendix1forDraftTermsofReference.Thisdocumentisintendedto:1. presenttheobjectivesandtheneedfortheGunnedahBasinHealthImpact
Assessmenttofundingbodies;andto
2. providebackgroundinformationforacallforExpressionsofInterestfortheGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment.
2.GoalsofGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment(GB-HIA)ThepurposeofthisproposedstudyistoanalysethehealthandwelfarerisksassociatedwithvariousminingandgasextractionscenariosfortheGunnedahBasin,andtoconsiderpotentialstrategiesfortheavoidance,minimisationandmanagementoftheserisks.Thestudyshould:1. Assessriskstophysical,mental,social/communityandenvironmental
wellbeing,potentiallyreflectingscenariosalignedtoNamoiCatchmentWaterStudy,broadenedtoincludedevelopmentscenariosacrosstheGunnedahBasin.
2. Establishbaselinelevelsofwaterquality,airqualityandnoiseintheregion,subjecttodefinedbenchmarks.(SeeAppendix3forindicativebenchmarks).
3. Identifycauseandeffect(orcausalpathways)ofarangeofidentifiedhealth
andwelfareissues.4. Considershort,mediumandlongtermincludingimpactonfuture
generations.Asaguide,shorttermwouldincludeplanningandrampup(1-2years);mediumtermwouldincludeconstruction,productionandextraction(2-5years)andlongtermwouldinclude(5yearsuntilaftermine/gaswellclosure);and,
5. IdentifyandconsidercumulativeimpactsTherisksuponwhichthestudywillfocusareintwocategories:1. Healthandwelfareeffectsofthedirectimpactsofminingandgasextraction,
notablyuponwater,airqualityandnoise;and
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2. Risksassociatedwithdiverse‘secondorder’effectsofminingandgasextractionactivitiesincluding(forexample)impactsuponvulnerablepeopleorindustries,ofworkforcechanges,impactsuponhealthorwelfareservices,andimpactsofchangestothedemandforservicessuchashousing.
Broadly,theprojectwill:
§ covertheresidentsofGunnedahBasinandworkers(includingfly/drivein,fly/driveout),andidentifyvulnerablegroups,forexample,children,andagedpersons;
§ assessdifferentimpactsondifferentgroups;
§ determineifbenefits/costsmaybeexperiencedtoagreaterextentbyonegroupandnotothers,
§ identifywhatactionsmightbetakentomaximisepositiveandmitigatenegativehealthimpacts..
ArangeofpotentialrisksrelatingtohealthandwelfarearelistedinAppendix2.Itisexpectedthatthesuccessfultendererwillspecifyintheirproposalsthefollowingmatters
1. whichspecifichealthandwelfareriskstheywillevaluate,drawingonboththeinformationprovidedandtheirownknowledgeoftheissues;
2. thesourcesofdata(bothprimaryandsecondary)thattheyproposetouseandthesourcesofthisdata,foreachoftheriskstheyproposetoinvestigate;
3. themodellingorothermethodsthattheyproposetousefortheanalysisofthedataforeachtypeofrisk;
4. Theformoftheoutputsthatwillbedelivered,andinparticularthewaysinwhichthesewillbedeliveredandpresentedsoastomeetthepotentialusesoftheHIAasspecifiedbelow.
Thestudyshouldidentifythespecificriskstohealthandwelfare,theregionalandplanningimplicationsofthoserisks,theimplicationsfortheapprovalofminingandgasextractionprojects,andtheimplicationsforresourcingofhealthandwelfareintheregion.
3.PotentialUsesofGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment1. Toprovidethecommunitywithclearandwell-researcheddataandanalysisto
informtheirdecisions,includingdecisionstowillinglyhost(ornot)miningactivities.
2. Toprovidethegovernmentwithspecificrecommendationsaboutsafeguardsandpolicysettingsthatarelikelytomaximisecommunityhealthandwelfareandtominimiserisks.
3. Toprovideminingcompanies,localgovernmentandotherkeystakeholders:
§ withspecificinformationaboutriskandriskmitigationoptions,
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§ withpotentialopportunitiesthatmightarise;
§ recommendationsforstrategiestomaximisecommunityhealthandwelfare.
§ withproposedsolutionoravoidanceissueswhereissuesarise,
§ whereopportunitiesmightarise,exactlyhowthesemightbesecured.
4. Toprovideaframeworkforongoingtransparentdealingwithhealthandwelfareissuesincludinginterventionsthatmaybeneededtooptimisehealthandwelfareoutcomesforhostcommunitiesformining.
5. Toidentifycontingencies(positiveandnegative)andtospecifythesortsofconditionsandarrangementsthatoughttobeputinplaceupfront.Thisincludesaccountabilityforactionsandforcostsandproposalsforinvestmentsthatareneeded/desirable,andcompensationandriskaccountability.Identifywhatarrangementscanbeputinplacetoensurethatproposedaccountabilitiesandcontingencymeasurescanbemadebindingandeffective(notemptypromisesorassurances).Thisincludescostsharingandactionstoensurethatminingdoesleadtohealthinvestmentbenefitstothecommunity.
ItistheresponsibilityofthetenderertoensurethatthedataandanalysisareconductedanddeliveredinsuchawayastoensuretheutilityoftheHIAtomeettheseneeds.Withinthisrequirement,itisexpectedthatthetendererwilladdressarrangementstoensurethatthedataandanalysisremainreadilyaccessibleforthevarioususers,andinformsthatarecompatiblewiththeirdecision-makingrequirements.Tenderersareexpectedtoaddressissuesofongoingdataandinformationaccessintheirproposals,includinghighlightingandcostsofongoingprovisionoraccessthatarenotincludedinthecosting.
4.ProjectmanagementandsupervisionItisintendedthatthisprojectbesubjecttooversightbyTheGunnedahBasinHealthImpactSteeringCommittee.Fundingwillbeheldbyanindependentorganisation,suchastheNationalRuralHealthAlliance.TheCommitteeshallhavethefollowingauthority.
1. Toapprove(ornot)thefinalprojectplanpriortoanybindingcontractsandimplementationplans
2. Toapprove(ornot)acceptanceofanyprojectmilestonesincludingreports,relativetothecontractrequirements.
5.TimeframeTheprojectdeliverygoalis18months,withacompletiondateofJune2014.ItisexpectedthatmanyminingproposalswillbesubmittedtotheDepartmentofPlanningatthistime.Theproposedtimeframeforthecallingandlettingofatendertoconductthisprojectissetoutbelow.
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“GunnedahHealthForum”(publicinformationmeeting)4August2012
ResolvedtoinitiateGunnedahBasinHIA
CallsforEOIsformembersofScopingCommitteeAugust2012
ScopingCommitteedevelopeddraftTermsofReferenceSeptember-October2012
SteeringCommitteeformedtorefineHIAStudy&ProcessesNovember2012
CurrentDate-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ApproachestoFundingBodiesforFunding
CallforEOIstoprepareTenderDocuments
EOIssubmittedbyindividuals/organisationstoprepareTenderDocumentsandRequestforTender
TenderDocumentsPrepared,RequestforTenderAdvertised
Tenderssubmittedbyindividuals/organisationstoconductpart,orall,oftheGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment
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6.JustificationforGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessmentTheneedforaGunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessmentisbasedonthefollowing:1. CurrentNSWGovernmentPlanningprocessesarebasedonincrementalproject
approvals.Theseapprovalprocessesdonotaccountforcumulativeimpactsofdevelopments.Therearemajorconcernsincommunitiesregardingincreasedhealthproblems(forexampleBreretonetal,2008),resultingfromtheinterrelatedsystemsofhuman,socialandenvironment,includingwater,soil,floraandfauna.Theseconcernsarebasedonbothscientificandanecdotalevidenceofserioushealthandsocialharmsassociatedwithcoalminingandcoal-firedpowerstationsforpeoplelivinginsurroundingcommunities(Colagiurietal2012,p.iii).Thesehealthproblemsincludehigherrisksofcardiopulmonarydisease,chroniclungdisease,hypertensionandkidneydisease(Hendryx&Ahern,2008,citedbyDeloitteAccessEconomics,2012)
Despitethesepotentialdangerstohealth,therehavebeennosignificantformalepidemiologicalstudiesconductedanywhereinAustralia,onthehealthimpactsofmining(DeloitteAccessEconomics,2012p41).ThesignificantcostsandpolicyimplicationsoftheseriskshasnotbeenrecognizedbyAustralianGovernmentstodate.TheHealthImpactAssessmentwillassistinidentifyingcosts,enablepolicychanges,andinformplanningdecisions.
2. CommunitiesareconcernedthattheNSWGovernmentdoesnotconsiderthetruecostsandbenefitsofdevelopments.Whiletheyvalue,ineconomicterms,theprospectiveroyaltyincomefromcoalandcoalseamgascompanies,environmentalandsocialimpactsreceivelessattention.Thecostsofhealthimpactsonpopulationsdonotappeartobeconsideredeitherinthedevelopmentapprovalprocessesorinhealthserviceplanning.
3. TheNSW’sDepartmentofPlanningreportImpactsofUndergroundCoalMiningonNaturalFeaturesintheSouthernCoalfieldStrategicReview(2008)recommendstheapplicationofPrecautionaryPrinciple,which“requiresrisksassociatedwithotheroptionsandsocio-economicfactstobetakenintoaccount”(p107).Todate,thereappearstobelittleapplicationbygovernmentsoftheprecautionaryprinciple,regardingarangeofimpacts,includinghealth.TheHealthImpactAssessmentwillworktowardsredressingthis.
4. TheGunnedahBasincommunityiscommittedtopursuingatriplebottomline(TBL)assessmentofimpactspriortodevelopmentsbeingapproved.TheseTBLstudiesmusttransparentlyandobjectivelyidentifyandvaluethetruelong-termcumulativeeconomic,environmentalandsocialbenefitsandcostsofcoalandCSGextraction,ascomparedwithcurrentlandusesandpotentialalternativebusinessdevelopment.HealthisamajorcomponentofthesocialaspectsofTBLdecisionmaking,withinterrelatedimpactsontheeconomicaspectsduetocosts.TheHealthImpactAssessmentwillidentifytheseimpactsandimprovedecision-making.
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ThehazardousnatureofchemicalsusedinCoalSeamGasextractionisdocumented(Lloyd-SmithandImmig,2011;Witteretal,2008).However,thereappearstohavebeenlittleworkdoneinAustralia.Thehealthriskstocommunitiesareunknown,andbasedonworkconductedoverseas,seemtobesubstantial.Thesesubstantialrisksequatetosignificanthumancosts,aswellassignificantfinancialcoststogovernments.TheHealthImpactAssessmentwillassistinidentifyingandvaluingpotentialhealthissuesrelatedtocoalseamgasextraction.
7.GunnedahBasinLocationandDescriptionThefocusoftheGB-HIAisthecoalfieldsandgasfieldsexistingwithinandadjoiningtheGunnedahBasin.TheGunnedahBasinisageologicalregioninNorthWestNSWcovering15,000squarekilometers(seemap1).ItjoinstheSydneyBasininthesouthandtheSuratBasininthenorth.Itsboundariesdonotcompletelycoincidewithcatchmentorlocalgovernmentboundaries.TheareaofinterestincludestheNamoiCatchmentportionoftheBasin(seemap2).
Theregionanditspopulationarefacinglarge-scaleexplorationdevelopmentsofcoalminesandcoalseamgas,andassociatedinfrastructure.MajortownsareQuirindi,Gunnedah,Narrabri,Coonamble,WalgettandMoree.Tamworthistheregion’sbiggesturbancentre,andalthoughcoalandcoalseamgasdevelopmentsliemorethan60kmtothewestofthecity,Tamworthislikelytobeimpactedbysocio-economicfactors,includingincreaseddemandforhealthservices.
TheGeographicBoundariesofthestudycanbelooselydescribedas;
NorthernExtent–theQueenslandBorder
SouthernExtent–theMurrurundiRange
EasternExtent-theMookiThrust
WesternExtent–thewesternedgeoftheCSGgasfieldswestofCoonamble
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©StateofNewSouthWalesthroughDepartmentofTradeandInvestment,RegionalInfrastructureandServices
Map1:NSWcoalfields(NSWGovernmentTradeandInvestment,2012),showinglocationoftheGunnedahBasin.
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Map2:CatchmentBoundaries,withNamoiCatchmentidentifiedinpink(CottonCRC,2011)
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APPENDIX1–GB-HIADraftTermsofReference23/10/12
Item Comments/examples
Projecttitle GunnedahBasinHealthImpactAssessment
Background/Context
GunnedahBasinpopulationisfacinglarge-scaledevelopmentsofcoalminesandcoalseamgasdevelopment.CurrentStateGovernmentPlanningprocessesarebasedonincrementalprojectapprovals-notcumulative.
Thereismajorconcerninthecommunityregardingincreasedhealthissuesforenvironmentalsystems-humans,domesticanimals,flora,fauna,andwater.
CommunitiesareconcernedthattheNSWGovernmentmaynothavebalancedcostbenefitsofprospectiveroyaltiesvscostofhealthimpactstopopulation,orhaveconsideredpossiblehealthimpactsinitsHealthServicePlanning.
Thecommunityhasexpressedinterestinatriplebottomlineapproach:toconsiderhuman,social,environmentalfactorsonhealthimpacts.
Purpose Toassessthepotentialcumulativeimpactsofcurrentandpotentialcoalandcoalseamgasexploration,andotherextractiveindustriesanddevelopmentonthehealthofthepeoplelivingandworkingintheGunnedahBasin.
ObjectivesoftheProject
1. Toassesscurrentandpotentialdevelopmentsagainstscopedareasofimpact
2. Toidentifypotentialpositiveandnegativehealthimpactsresultingfromcurrentandpotentialcoal,CSGandotherextractiveindustriesintheGunnedahBasin.
3. To develop recommendations to facilitate theconsiderationandcostsofhealthimpactswithin:
a. Planningprocessesb. HealthServicesplanningc. Legislationd. Governmentpolicy
4. To informand influencekeydecisionmakerswithin thoseareas.
5. Tobuildcapacitytoundertakehealthimpactassessments.6. To link the HIA to relevant existing studies such as the
Namoi Catchment Water Study in order to develop an
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integrated approach to protecting and promoting healthwithinnaturalresourcemanagement.
Projectscope Areasofimpact
• Assesspositiveandnegativeimpactsonphysical,mental,social/communityandenvironmentalwellbeing,usingsevenscenariosalignedtoNamoiCatchmentWaterStudy.
• Toidentifycauseandeffect(orcausalpathways)ofarangeofidentifiedhealthissues.
• Populationgroups:
• TheworkersandresidentsofGunnedahBasin• Theprojectwillassessdifferentimpactsondifferent
groupsanddetermineifbenefits/costsmaybeexperiencedtoagreaterextentbyonegroupandnotothers,andwhatactionsmightbetakentomaximisepositiveandmitigatenegativehealthimpacts.Vulnerablegroupsegchildren,agedpersonswillbeidentified.
• Afocuswillbegiventoassessingwhetherdifferentialimpactsareunfairandavoidable
Geographicalarea
• GunnedahBasin• WithintheHIAspecificgeographicalareasoffocusmaybe
definedTimeframeofimpacts
• Short,mediumandlongtermincludingimpactonfuturegenerations
• Cumulativeimpacts• IffeasiblethetimeframewillbealignedwiththeNamoi
WaterStudytoensurecomparabilityandintegrationPrioritisationofImpacts
• Impactswillbeprioritisedaccordingtolikelihoodofoccurrence.
Values Health: Therewasa consensus thathealth isa verybroad termandwe need to consider issues relating to equity and access tohealthservicesaspartofhealthandtheHIAprocess. Therewasagreementthatthereisawiderangeofsocial,physicalandmentaldeterminants that impact on people and affect their quality ofhealth at an individual and community level. The project willutiliseasocialorwellnessmodelofhealth,whichincorporatesthe
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socialdeterminantsofhealthandequity.
Equity: Theproject adopts theprinciple of equitable distributionof health outcomes and reducing the differences in populationhealthstatusandmortalityrates.
Evidence:ThegroupdiscussedsomeofthetypesofevidencethatcouldberelevanttotheHIA.Differenttypesofevidencewillneedtobegatheredincludingbothqualitativeandquantitativeevidence.Thegroupidentifiedthattherewillneedtobefurtherdiscussionabouthowdifferenttypesofevidencewillbevaluedandhowtoaddressconflictingsourcesofevidence.
Participation:TherewasagreementthattheHIAshouldincorporateaparticipatoryprocessthatwillbeopentotheinvolvementofallrelevantstakeholders.
Theprecautionaryprincipletobeadopted.
TypeofHIA Communityled.
DepthofHIA Comprehensive.
Governance INCORPORATION:GunnedahBasinHIAAssociationInc.
adopttheModelconstitution,comprisedof:
• 5members.Toholdthecontractsforfunding.• CommitteemembersfromScopingCommittee
Committeemembership
• +Referencegroup(=Scopingcommittee–shortterm,2meetings)
• +Steering/managementcommittee(6–10members),
• Widergroup=stakeholdersTermsofreferencerequired.
• UniversityTechnicalexpert• Projectmanager• Independentconsultanttowritereport
Roleofcommittee
SteeringCommitteeisGovernanceCommittee,withresponsibilityforcarriageofprocess.Termsofreferencerequired.
Rolesandresponsibilitiesofcommitteemembers
• .Termsofreferencerequired.
Decision Quorum
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making Consensusdecisionmaking,bymajorityvote.
Howtodealwithconflictandtheinabilityto
achieveconsensus
Peerreview Thereportwillbeindependentlypeerreviewed.
ChangestoTOR (howchangestothetermsofreferencewillbe
handledshouldtheyneedtobemade)
• ChangestotermsofreferencebelegitimizedbyquorumdecisionatStakeholdermeetings
• SmallerprocesschangescouldbemadebySteeringCommittee
• GrievanceprocesstobedevelopedIntellectualproperty
Report:TheHIAreportwillbecommunityledandthereforetheGunnedahBasinHIAIncwillownthereportanditwillbepublicallyavailable.
Budgetandsourcesoffunding
Tobedetermined.
Projectplan Timeframe:ItwasagreedthattheprojectTermsofReferenceandprojectplanshouldbecompletebytheendof2012.TheBusinessPlanshouldbecompletebytheendof2012toincludecostingoftheactivitiesbelow.CosttobedeterminedbyinvestigationofsimilarprojectswithSingletonCouncilAsacomprehensiveassessmenttheremayalsobesomeshorterterm/intermediateoutputsfromtheHIAtoinformcurrentdecision-makingprocesses.TherewassuggestionthattheHIAprocessmaytakeapproximately18months.
Activities:
• Profile–(ieoverviewofcurrentdataofdemographics,readilyavailable).Therewassupportfordevelopingacommunityprofilethatcouldbeusedasastandaloneproductandformthebasisformonitoringofimpacts.Thiswouldincludedemographicandhealthdata.HNEHealthwillprovidesupportfortheprovisionofhealthservicedata.Inaddition,therewassomediscussionbutnodecisionaboutgatheringadditionalprimarydatathrough,forexample,lungfunctiontestsandsurveys,currentbaselinedataonairqualityandnoise.Wherepossibledatawillbedisaggregatedtoidentifydifferencesbetweenpopulationgroups.
• Literaturereviews–therearesomealreadyexisting
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literaturereviewsofhealthimpactsrelatedtoCoalandCSGmining.Thesewillneedtobeassessedforqualityandsuitability.Inaddition,literaturereviewsmayneedtobecommissionedusingstandardisedmethodsofreview,similartoaCochranereview.Upcomingcoalliteraturereviewtobeused.
• Localknowledge-therewasagreementthatevidenceshouldbegatheredfromthelocalcommunityandotherrelevantstakeholders.Thiswouldincludeidentifyinglocalconcernsandanxieties,impactsonlivingconditionsandhowpeoplelivetheirlives,contextualinformation,andunanticipatedimpacts.
• Modellingofhealthimpacts–someofthepotentialpriorityimpactsrelatetothephysicalenvironment(airqualityandnoise).TherewasbroadagreementthattheHIAshouldincludeaquantitativeriskassessment(modelling)thesepotentialhealthimpactsaccordingtoscenariosthatwillbedevelopedaspartoftheHIA.Thiswillrequirecommissioningexpertstocarryoutthiswork.
Potentialimpactsofcoalminingandcoalseamgasextractionidentifiedinscopingmeeting:
Alistofpotentialimpacts/determinantsidentifiedintheWHIASUGuidetoassessingthehealthandwellbeingimpactsofopencastminingiwasusedasastartingpointfordiscussion.SurveysofdamagedcommunitiesrequestedbySteveRobinsonegdisabilityadjustedlifeyears,morbidityandmortality.ThescopinggroupagreedthattheseareallapplicabletotheGunnedaharea.Additionalimpacts(inbold)wereidentifiedbycommitteemembers.Thelistincludesbutisnotlimitedtothefollowingdeterminantsandoutcomes:
• Airquality(Particulatematter,Nitrogendioxide,Dust)• Noise• Visualimpact• Lightpollution• Vibration• Lossofamenity
• Solastalgia• Severanceandsocialcapital
• Lackofvolunteers• Mentalhealthwellbeing
• Anxiety,stress,lossofcontrol,uncertainty• Housing
• AffordableHousing• Lackofinfrastructure
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• AgriculturalLanddevaluation• Services
• AccesstoGPs• AccesstoHospitals• AccesstoCommunityHealth• Localinfrastructure
• Employment• employmentthroughmining• lackoffarmworkers
• Transport• Increasedtraffic• Increasedtrafficaccidents• Decreasedairquality
• Safety• Crime• Domesticviolence
• Lifestyle• Alcoholconsumption• Sexuallytransmitteddisease• Physicalactivity
• Groundwater• Drinkingwaterquality
Inadditionthescopinggroupidentifiedarangeofpotentialhealthoutcomes:
• RespiratoryDisease(measuringlungfunctioncurrentlyandpredictingtothefuture)
• Cardiovasculardisease• Cancer• Autism• ADHD• Neurologicaldisorders(specific)• Sexuallytransmitteddisease• Headaches• Nosebleeds• Depression• Suicide• Anxietydisorders• SleepdisordersusingthePittsburghSleepQualityIndex.
Otherpotentialoutcomesasidentifiedthroughliteraturereview
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APPENDIX2–GB-HIAKeyquestionsfortheproject
WhatistheimpactofcoalandcoalseamgasdevelopmentsoncommunityhealthandwellbeingintheGunnedahBasin?Thesequestionsinclude,butnotlimitedtothefollowing:
LIVINGCONDITIONS&WORKINGCONDITIONS
WORKENVIRONMENT UNEMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION WATERANDSANITATION
• DrinkingwaterqualityAGRICULTUREANDFOODPRODUCTION HEALTHCARESERVICES
• AccesstoGPs• AccesstoHospitals• AccesstoCommunity
Health/AlliedHealth HOUSING
• AffordableHousing• Lackofinfrastructure• AgriculturalLanddevaluation
HEALTHOUTCOMES
• RespiratoryDisease• Cardiovasculardisease• Cancer• Autism• ADHD• Neurologicaldisorders(specific)• Sexuallytransmitteddisease• Headaches• Nosebleeds• Depression• Suicide• Anxietydisorders
PHYSICALOUTCOMES:
• Airquality• Waterquality• Waterquantity.• Increasedtraffic• Increasedtrafficaccidents
MEASURABLESSOCIO:
• Domesticviolence• Solastalgia• Lossofamenity
QUALITATIVE/ANECDOTAL
• CommunityDivision• Equity
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• Increasedcrime• Lackofvolunteers
• Whatarethecurrentbaselinelevelsfor:groundandsurfacewaterquality,includingorganic,inorganicandmicrobiallevels?
• Whatarethecurrentbaselinelevelsforairqualityincludingparticulatematter,nitrousoxides,methaneandothergas?
• WhatarethecurrentbaselinelevelsforillnessanddisabilityintheGunnedahBasin?
• Whatarethepredictedincidenceincreaseandcostsof“miningrelatedillness”(e.g.Asthma,cardiovascularillness)andaccidentsoverthenext30years(accordingtopredictedminelife)intheGunnedahBasin.
• WhatisthepredictedcostofsocialdisruptionintheGunnedahBasinoverthepredictedminelife.
• WhatwillbetherequiredincreaseinserviceinfrastructureandcostofsamewithintheGunnedahBasinoverthepredictedminelife?
• WhatimpacttotheDALY’sdotheNamoiWaterStudyscenarioshave?• Whatcontingencyplansarerequiredforanyincreasedhealthcost?• WhatbindingobligationsareheldbytheDepartmentofPlanningtosupport
anyadditionalcosts?Theinformationtobepresentedasa30yearitemisedcostanalysis,mappingofhighriskareasas“nogo”zones.
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APPENDIX3-Notesrelevanttopotentialmethodologies
TheProjectmaybeconductedintwocomponents,witheachofthesecomponentsbeingfurtherdividedintospecificparts,asdescribedbelow.
FirstComponentofProject-Identificationofbaselinelevels
a) airandnoisequality,
b) waterquality,
c) existinghealthlevelsinthepopulation.Thefollowingprocessisproposed:
§ Specificbaselineparameterrequirements,andthresholds,willbedeterminedbasedoncurrentknowledge.Thiswillincludeinvestigationofnumberofdatapointsandmeasurementtimeframestoenablestatisticalsignificantresults.
§ Itislikelythatwithfurtherresearchintocoalandcoalseamgas
hazards,thatmoreparameterswillberequiredinthefuture.Independentmonitoringandtrendanalysiswillusedtodeterminebaselineslevels.Followingbaselinedatacollection,monitoringandtrendanalysiswillcontinue,toenableidentificationoffuturechangesandtrends.
§ WaterQualityManagementandBaselineAirQualityandNoise
ManagementProjectTeamswilloversightthework.§ Therewillbethreethemesasdetailedbelow:
o WaterQuality–monitoringstationswillbesetuptomonitorsurfaceandgroundwater,basedonexpertrecommendations.DraftDataManagementGuidelines,andarecommendedGroundWaterAnalyteSuiteappearinAppendix4.Similarguidelinesandrecommendedtestingregimewillbedeterminedforsurfacewater.
o AirQualityandNoise-monitoringstationswillbesetup
inlocationsrecommendedbyexperts.DraftrecommendationforairtoxinsincoalseamgasfieldsthatwillbemonitoredarelistedinAppendix5.Informationregardingrelevanttoxinstobemonitoredincoalfieldswillbesourced,andinformedbyDepartmentofEnvironment
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ClimateChangeandWater(2011).Noisemonitoringwillbeimplementedontheadviceofexperts.
o Existinghealthlevelsinthepopulation–baseleveldata
fromNSWHealthandotherorganisationswillbecollated.Thiswillfocusonhealthissueslikelytobeimpactedbycoalandcoalseamgasextraction,basedonresearchandanecdotalevidencefromothernationalandinternationalcoalandcoalseamgasregions.SomeoftheseissuesarelistedinAppendix2.
SecondComponent–identificationofimpacts,modelingandassessmentrisksofbasedonfuturedevelopmentscenarios,andriskassessment,asdetailedbelow:
a) Identificationofimpactstophysical,mental,socialandenvironmental
healthfromcoalandcoalseamgasexplorationandextraction,includingexisting,proposedandpotentialdevelopments;
b) modelingofimpactsbasedondevelopmentscenariosusedinNamoi
CatchmentWaterStudyc) riskassessmentandmappingofmodeledimpactsd) recommendationsofstrategiesthatwillminimisethenegative
impactsandcapitaliseonthebenefits.
PotentialMethodologies
ThereareanumberofmethodologiesandsystemsthatmaybeusedtoguideandconducttheHIA.Thesewillneedtobeassessedintermsofrelevance,andabilitytointegratewitheachother.Examplesofsystems,guidelinesandtoolsareasfollows:
§ HealthImpactAssessment:aPracticalGuide(Harrisetal,2007)willprovidethebroadguidelinesofthestudy.
§ ItisanticipatedthatanymodellingfortheHIAwillusethecoalandcoalseam
gasdevelopmentscenariosthatformedthebasefortheNamoiCatchmentWaterStudy(Schlumberger,2012)modelling.Thiswillprovideconsistencyandwillenablemappingoflevelsofrisk,similartomapspresentedintheNamoiCatchmentWaterStudy.
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§ ThesuitabilityandpotentialforusingthecumulativeriskframeworkdevelopedforNamoiCatchmentManagementAuthoritybyEcologicalAustraliaPtyLtd(2011)forNRMassetswillbeinvestigated.
§ TheresilienceapproachanduseofthresholdsaspertheNamoiCatchment
ManagementAuthority’sCatchmentActionPlan(thismayassistwithappropriatethresholdidentificationforbaselinedatamonitoring.)
§ CostBenefitAnalysisislikelytoprovideausefulandobjectivetooltoidentify
costsofhealthimpacts.Thelatestthinkingandrecommendationsforimpactswhicharedifficulttomeasureinapurelyeconomicsensewillneedtobeinvestigated,forexampleDeloitteAccessEconomics(2012,p11)
§ Asystemsandadaptivemanagementapproachtocumulativeimpact
identificationandmonitoring.ForexampleFranksetal(2010),“CumulativeImpacts-AGoodPracticeGuidefortheAustralianCoalMiningIndustry.”
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APPENDIX4–IndicativeWaterQualityBenchmarks
DraftDataManagementGuidelines-ForensicGroundwaterMonitoringProgram
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GroundwaterTestandAnalyteSuite
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APPENDIX5–IndicativeCSGAirQualityBenchmarksCoalSeamGas-Compoundstobemonitored
InformationprovidedbyJohnPolglase,Geochemist
Gases listed in the groundwater benchmark (Appendix 3) plus the following medium to high molecular weight Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs) are some 'suspects' that have been gas field tested elsewhere, and ought to be considered for inclusion in an evolving benchmark used by whoever / wherever emissions assessments are done: Gp 1 Butane Butane, 2-methyl- Pentane Pentane, 3-methyl- Hexane Hexane, 3-methyl- Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane Heptane Heptane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl- Hexadecane Heptadecane Gp 2 Benzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Toluene m/p-Xylene o-Xylene Phenol Ethylbenzene Naphthalene alpha-Pinene Gp 3 Phenylmaleic anhydride Benzothiazole 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl- Ethyl acetate background and 'up-wind' levels of organic and inorganic gases naturally emitted from coal seam bearing sedimentary basins must also be monitored.
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CoalSeamGas–AirToxicstobemonitored
InformationprovidedbyDrMariannLloyd-SmithPhD(Law)SeniorAdvisor,IPEN-InternationalPOPsEliminationNetwork
SeniorAdvisor,NationalToxicsNetworkInc.
list of relevant air toxics :
Butane Butane, 2-methyl- Pentane Pentane, 3-methyl- Hexane Hexane, 3-methyl- Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane Heptane Heptane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl- Hexadecane Heptadecane Benzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Toluene m/p-Xylene o-Xylene Phenol Ethylbenzene Naphthalene alpha-Pinene
Phenylmaleic anhydride Benzothiazole 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl- Ethyl acetate
I would also add the CFCs, Dichlorodifluoromethane & Trichlorofluoromethane and methylene chloride/dichloromethane as well as they are turning up. The National Measurement Institute does a volatile screen that includes all of these and then reports on the top 10 detected, or more depending on costs.
References
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Brereton,D,Moran,C,McIlwain,G,McIntosh,J,Parkinson,K2008,‘Assessingthecumulativeimpactsofminingonregionalcommunities:anexploratorystudyofcoalminingintheMuswellbrookareasofNSW’,CentreforSocialResponsibilityinMining&CentreforWaterintheMineralsIndustry,SustainableMineralsInstitute,TheUniversityofQueensland.
ColagiuriR,CochraneJ,GirgisS,2012,HealthandSocialHarmsofCoalMininginLocalCommunities:SpotlightontheHunterRegion.BeyondZeroEmissions,Melbourne,October2012.ISBN:978-1-74210-292-4
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Franks,D,Fidler,C,Brereton,D,Vanclay,FandP,Clark,2009,LeadingPracticeStrategiesforAddressingtheSocialImpactsofResourceDevelopmentsCentreforSocialResponsibilityinMining,SustainableMineralsInstitute,TheUniversityofQueensland.BriefingpaperfortheDepartmentofEmployment,EconomicDevelopmentandInnovation,QueenslandGovernment,Brisbane.
Franks,DM,Brereton,D,Moran,CJ,Sarker,T,andCohen,T.,2010,CumulativeImpacts-AGoodPracticeGuideForTheAustralianCoalMiningIndustry,CentreforSocialResponsibilityinMining&CentreforWaterintheMineralsIndustry,SustainableMineralsInstitute,TheUniversityofQueensland.AustralianCoalAssociationResearchProgram,Brisbane,downloadedfrom
http://www.csrm.uq.edu.au/docs/CSRM%20SMI%20Good%20Practice%20Guide%20document%20LR.PDFHarris,P.,Harris-Roxas,B.,Harris,E.,andKemp,L.,2007,HealthImpactAssessment:aPracticalGuide,Sydney,CentreforHealthEquityTraining,ResearchandEvaluation(CHETRE),PartoftheUNSWResearchCentreforPrimaryHealthCareandEquity,UNSW.
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Lloyd-Smith,M.,andImmig,J,2011,SubmissiononbehalfoftheToxicsNetworkInc,toNSWEnquiryintoCoalSeamGas,LegislativeCouncilNSWStandingCommitteeNo.5,downloadedfrom
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