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Mal O Marjadar Lov (Greed for Wealth and honour) by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib. Professor (Rtd) of Arabic, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Published by: HADEETH FOUNDATION BANGLADESH. Nawdapara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph. & Fax : 88-0247-860861. Mob. 01770-800900. E-mail : [email protected]. Web : www. ahlehadeethbd.org


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5. Øxbx Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g gvby‡li Dc‡i gh©v`v I eoZ¡ Kvgbv Kiv

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7. mvjvdx weØvbMY drIqv `vb †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Zb 21

8. L¨vwZi †bkv 24

9. ciKvjxb cwiYwZ 26

10. Av‡LivZ wcqvmx‡`i `ywbqvex cyi¯‹vi 28

11. ciKvjxb cyi¯‹vi 30

12. †jvf `g‡b KiYxq 31

13. m¤ú` jv‡fi ¶wZKi w`K mg~n 31

14. gh©v`v jv‡fi ¶wZKi w`K mg~n 31

15. Pvi ai‡bi gvbyl 31

16. Dcmsnvi 32

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Av‡jvP¨ nv`xQwU ywbqvi †jv‡f Øxb bó nIqvi e¨vcv‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi †Ìqv AZ¨š— g~jëvb GKwU „óvš—| iv‡Zi †ejv ivLvjwenxb QvMcv‡ji †Lvqv‡o Xy‡K `yÕwU ¶zavZ© †bK‡o evN †hfv‡e B”QvgZ QvMj †g‡i bv¯—vbve~ K‡i| hvi nvgjv †_‡K †Kvb QvMjB †invB cvq bv| Abyiƒcfv‡e A_©-m¤ú` Ges bvg-hk I c‡ì †jvf gywg‡bi Cgv‡bi †R¨vwZ‡K wbwf‡q †`q I Zvi Øxb‡K wQbœwfbœ K‡i †`q|

nv`x‡Q gvj I gh©v`vi †jv‡fi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwUB `yB cÖKvi : êa I A‰ea| 1. wZiwghx nv/2376; wgkKvZ nv/5181| mb` Qnxn| 2. evqnvK¡x, ïÔAve nv/10268| Beby nvRvi (int) Gi mb`‡K hCd e‡j‡Qb (Avj-

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GUv cÖ_gZt `yB cÖKvi| (K) êa c‡_ cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ m¤ú` AR©‡bi †jvf Kiv I Zvi Rb¨ RxebcvZ Kiv| †hgb Dc‡iv³ nv`xQwUi †cÖ¶vcU hv ÔAv‡Qg web ÔAv`x (ivt)-Gi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q †h, Avwg I Avgvi fvB Lvqe‡ii MYxgZ mg~‡ni 100wU Ask Lix` Kwi| K_vwU ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡b †M‡j wZwb AÎ gš—e¨ K‡ib hv Av‡jvP¨ nv`x‡Q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|3 AZGe A‡í Zyó _vK‡Z n‡e Ges êafv‡e nÕ‡jI AwaK gvj AR©‡bi †jvf Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv Zv‡Z †Kej mgq I kª‡gi AcPq n‡e Ges Avj−vn&i †Ìqv Avqy®‹vj‡K Avj−vn&i c‡_ e¨q Kiv nÕ‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z †m eva¨ n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡K G wek¦vm ivL‡Z n‡e †h, cÖ‡Z¨K ev›`vi Rb¨ Avj−vn wiwhK eÈb K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| hv mywbw`©ó Ges hv †_‡K Kg‡ekx Kiv n‡e bv| AZGe cwiwgZ I cÖ‡qvRb c~Y© nIqvi ci AviI †ekx cvIqvi AvKvsLv‡K `gb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, &�$��8��! &�$I��J=K��@ +=K�� &�&L��&M �� N�;��@ ÔAwaK cvIqvi AvKvsLv †Zvgv‡ì (ciKvj †_‡K) Mv‡dj

iv‡L, hZ¶Y bv †Zvgiv Kei¯’v‡b DcbxZ nIÕ ( Z vKvQ zi 1 02/ 1 - 2)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †`vÔAv Ki‡Zb, =�&8()�� O&M�� "P �7=;�Q&� $#�RL% Ô†n Avj−vn! Zzwg gynv¤§v‡ì cwievi‡K cwiwgZ wiwhK `vb KiÕ�6 c¶vš—‡i †jvfx e¨w³ hLb gv‡ji wcQ‡b Rxeb †kl Ki‡e, ZLb †m Av‡Liv‡Zi Rb¨ KLb mgq w`‡e? A_P nv`x‡Q Kz mx‡Z Avj−vn e‡jb, ��? �� S�TP �U=��V�L + L�T��/ � � WX��! �Y��7�* +R5 6 =7&'�!�, �4�Y��N �. Z�, �� [��V�L

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Kwe e‡jb,

3. Z¡evivYx Kvexi nv/459| 4. eyLvix nv/6460; gymwjg nv/1055; wgkKvZ nv/5164| 5. wZiwghx nv/2466; Beby gvRvn nv/4107; Avngv` nv/8681; wgkKvZ nv/5172|

7 7 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf +�5 �� N�4 �� N�V�� =��/��Q�L � �, + ��N�V�� b��! �� ?�7�� &��N�4 �� J��,

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nÕj yÕcÖKv‡ii| ¶wZKi †jvf ) ��e9�4 2�ef( | hv Zv‡K Av‡LivZ †_‡K

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6. Beby iRe nv¤jx (736-795 wnt), gvRg~Ô ivmv‡qj c„. 65| 7. LZxe evM`v`x, wKZveyj eyLvjv c„. 222|

8 8 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf e¯‘ Zv‡ì eLxjx Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q, ZLb Zviv Zv K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì

e‡j‡Q AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© wQbœ Ki‡Z, ZLb Zviv Zv K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì cvc KvR Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q, ZLb Zviv Zv K‡i‡QÕ|8 Rv‡ei (ivt)-

Gi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, ��&8�)�;�� +�)�� .�! �%$J�V�' ��&Bn:�� T �%o)�Q�K�'��, ��&8�� Q��

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GK`j weØvb e‡jb, ghg>�� ev K…cYZv nÕj �� Q��&9=>�� 7�?&7 ÔKwVb

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ZLb Zvi nvjvj gvj, nvjvj ¯¿x ev Ab¨vb¨ êa e¯‘‡Z Zzó _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| †m A‡bï AwaKvi ni‡Y nvg‡j c‡o| e¨w³ †_‡K ivóª ch©š— we‡k¦i me©Î AvR‡Ki kw³gvbiv G KvR Anin K‡i P‡j‡Q|

G¶‡Y $[�d&/�� ev eLxjx nÕj, wb‡Ri nv‡Z †hUv Av‡Q, †mUv bv †Ìqv|

c¶vš—‡i g>��gh ev K…cYZv nÕj, hyjyg I kÎ“Zvi gva¨‡g A‡bï gvj ev

Ab¨ wKQz MÖvm Kiv| GRb¨ G‡K ejv nq, mKj cv‡ci kxl© )��!&r ��;�� *��+$� o)�8�( | Gfv‡eB e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE`

(ivt) I Ab¨vb¨ mvjvdMY ( Be by i R e 70 c„. )| GLvb †_‡KB nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v cvIqv hvq, †hLv‡b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡i‡Qb, � &f ;�K�m�? ghg>�� $.��s t��, + 4 <�%�2 &2��[ �� )��&� Ô†Kvb

gymwj‡gi ü`‡q K„cYZv I Cgvb GKwÎZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i bvÕ| Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, + 4 ��)�# �7�/�� R7��! Ô†Kvb ev›`vi Aš—‡i KLbBÕ|10 A‡bK mgq

8. Avey vE` nv/1698| 9. gymwjg nv/2578; wgkKvZ nv/1865| 10. Avngv` nv/9691; bvmvC nv/3111; wgkKvZ nv/3828|

9 9 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf K…cYZv I eLxjx GKB A‡_© eëüZ nq| wKš‘ Dfq k‡ãi DrcwËMZ

cv_©K¨ †mUvB, hv Dc‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

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2. gh©v`vi †jvf ( F)� 9�G� >��<� ) :

GwU m¤ú‡ì †jv‡fi PvB‡Z fqven| †Kbbv GwUi Rb¨ gvbyl Zvi gvj-m¤ú` cvwbi gZ e¨q K‡i| Gi Rb¨ †nb KvR †bB, hv †m Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU yÕfv‡M wef³|-

(K) †bZ…Z¡, KZ©„Z¡ I m¤ú` jv‡fi gva¨‡g gh©v`v AR©b Kiv : GwU AZ¨š— ¶wZKi e¯‘| hv gvbyl‡K Av‡Liv‡Zi gh©v`v I Kj¨vY nÕ‡Z ewÂZ K‡i| Gi gva¨‡g †m `ywbqv‡Z me©Î dvmv` I Akvwš— m„wó K‡i|

Avj−vn e‡jb, ��) L &��=7�� $p�� uv�� 8$)��m�� ? w() � �� .,&7? �&? �x%$)&� F 4 y�� , �RT��4 $k�/ #��, �z N=K&;�) �@ ÔAv‡Liv‡Zi GB M„n (A_©vr RvbœvZ) Avgiv

cÖ ‘Z K‡i †i‡LwQ Hme gywg‡bi Rb¨, hviv `ywbqv‡Z J×Z¨ cÖKvk K‡ibv Ges wech©q m„wó Ki‡Z Pvq bv| Avi ïf cwiYvg nÕj †Kej Avj−vnfxi“‡ì Rb¨Õ ( K¡vQ vQ 2 8 / 8 3)|

e¯‘Zt Ggb †jvK KgB Av‡Q hviv †bZ…Z¡ jv‡fi gva¨‡g `ywbqvex gh©v`v Kvgbv K‡i bv| †mKvi‡YB Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Avãyi ingvb

web mvgyiv‡K e‡jb, � "��L {�p�� t� ��=� j�4 �. Z �K� L,$!��8 �� k�� |�) �&, {��8�� Z �. Z�, ��8�K� L,$! �� 6 �k�� |�5 �$! ��8��)��@ ÔZzwg †bZ…Z¡ †P‡q wb‡qv

bv| †Kbbv hw` Zzwg †mUv PvIqvi gva¨‡g cÖvß nI, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgv‡K Zvi w`‡K †mvc`© Kiv n‡e| Avi hw` bv †P‡q cvI, ZvnÕ‡j Zzwg mvnvh¨cÖvß n‡eÕ|11 nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn 11. eyLvix nv/6622; gymwjg nv/1652; wgkKvZ nv/3680|


(Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, ��$J=� Z �.%&* ��Q�K�' +�)�� { p�� t� $.%$J�K�'�, ]k��7�� S�%�? { k�� N�� 5�4 $k�� }��&;�� |��i ��, $k�; ~��V�� Ô†Zvgiv mZ¡i †bZ…‡Z¡i †jvfx

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GLv‡b c`gh©v`v‡K `y»`vwqbx Ges c` nviv‡bv‡K `y» wew”QbœKvwibx gv‡qi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| yB Ae¯’v‡ZB gv †hgb Avb›` cvq, †Zgwb Kó cvq| Abyiƒcfv‡e c`gh©v`v jvf †hgb `ywbqv‡Z Avb‡›ì welq, †Zgwb Av‡Liv‡Z AbyZv‡ci welq| †Kbbv c`gh©v`vi h_vh_ nK eywS‡q †Ìqv †mw`b LyeB KóKi n‡e| hv wbtm‡›`‡n j¾vKi| AZGe Ávbx e¨w³i Ggb Kv‡R cÖv_©x nIqv m½Z bq, hvi cwiYvg j¾v I AbyZvc Qvov wKQzB bq|

nhiZ Avey g~mv AvkÔAvix (ivt)-Gi mv_x yÕRb hLb ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbKU †Kvb GKwU cÖkvmwbK c` cÖv_©bv Kij, ZLb wZwb Zv‡ì ej‡jb, �=� Z

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Kwi bv, †h c` †P‡q †bq, †h Zvi †jvf K‡i ev Zvi AvKvsLv K‡iÕ|13

e¯‘Zt †bZ…Z¡ I c`gh©v`vi †jvf gvbyl‡K Zv cÖvwßi c~‡e© †hgb wdrbvq wb‡¶c K‡i, cÖvwßi c‡i †m Zvi PvB‡Z AviI †ekx wdrbvq cwZZ nq| †Kbbv c`cÖv_©x nIqvq †m Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ AvMÖvmx n‡q I‡V Ges Rvb-gvj-Bh&hZ mewKQz wewj‡q †`q|14 12. eyLvix nv/7148; wgkKvZ nv/3681| 13. gymwjg nv/1733; eyLvix nv/7149, 2261; wgkKvZ nv/3683| 14. m¤cÖwZ wR¤vey‡qi †cÖwm‡W›U ievU© gyMv‡e (93) I gvj‡qwkqvi mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x W.

gvnvw_i gynv¤§v` (92) Zvi R¡jR¨vš— cÖgvY| `xN© 37 eQi (1980-2017) ¶gZvmxb _vKv m‡Ë¡I cieZ©x †cÖwm‡W›U cÖv_©x wnmv‡e wbR ¿xi c¶ †bb| d‡j †mbvevwnbxi Pv‡c c`Z¨v‡M eva¨ nb| Ab¨w`‡K W. gvnvw_i gynv¤§v` 22 eQi (1981-2003) cÖavbgš¿x †_‡K ÔAvaywbK gvj‡qwkqvi iƒcKviÕ †LZve †c‡qI wb‡Ri AvRxeb kÎ“ we‡ivax `jxq †bZv Kvive›`x Av‡bvqvi Beªvnx‡gi `j †_‡K g‡bvbqb wb‡q 2018 mv‡ji ïi“‡Z cybivq cÖavbgš¿x c‡` cÖv_x© n‡q‡Qb|

11 11 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf Avi c` cÖvwßi ci †m GKw`‡K AnsKvix nq| †mB mv‡_ c` nviv‡bvi

f‡q m`v K¤úevb _v‡K I Pviw`‡K †Kej kÎ“ †`L‡Z _v‡K| Zvi Nyg nvivg nq I myL-kvwš— webó nq| Ab¨w`‡K h_vh_ nK Av`v‡q e¨_© nIqvi M−vwb‡Z †m Aš—R¡©vjvq R¡j‡Z _v‡K| †mB mv‡_ Av‡Liv‡Z RIqvew`wnZvi f‡q Kw¤úZ nq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, �:��? ��/ J�� + 0��T � $k�;�b��, � ��M Z ��;�4 + 5��M�� R7 ��, ��;&8�5 � & &K�4�w�#

+ 4 ��=5�� ÔAnsKvi Avgvi Pvì, eoZ¡ Avgvi cvRvgv| †h e¨w³ Avgvi D³ `yB e¯‘ UvbvUvwb Ki‡e, Avwg Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g wb‡¶c KieÕ|15 G Kvi‡Y c~e©eZ©x KvhxMY wb‡R‡ì ÔK¡vhxDj KzhvZÕ )�# }�&F�� $N�� p�(

ÔcÖavb wePvicwZÕ ej‡Zb bv| KviY GwU wQj �� )&�� Y�%$)&; ÔivRvwaivRÕ

-Gi b¨vq| Avi Giƒc jKe‡K ivm~j (Qvt) wb›`v K‡i e‡j‡Qb, �� (� � � ÔAvj−vn e¨ZxZ †Kvb ev`kvn †bBÕ|16 Ghy‡MI mE`x

ev`kvnMY ÔRvjvjvZzj gvwjKÕ jKe †Q‡o wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ ÔLv‡`gyj nvivgvBb kixdvBbÕ (`yB cweÎ nviv‡gi Lv‡`g) Dcvwa MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|

weMZ hy‡Mi R‰bK Kvhx ¯‡cœ †`‡Lb †h, GKRb e¨w³ Zv‡K ej‡Qb, Zzwg wePvicwZ| Avi Avj−vn wePvicwZ| G‡Z f‡q wZwb †R‡M I‡Vb I ciw`bB H c` Z¨vM K‡ib ( Beby i R e c „. 75)|

Avj−vn e‡jb, � =��/��Q�L ��? w(�� .%&��V�? ��; � ��%�L�! �.%g/ Q&?�, �.�! �,&7�;�Q&? ��; � �� %$)��V�? ��)�4 ��&8=5�/��Q�L �p�M��V�; � �� A��w�� &8��, �w��eA� e�� ! Ô†hme †jvK

Zv‡ì wg_¨vPv‡i Lykx nq Ges Zviv hv K‡iwb, †m Kv‡R cÖksmv †c‡Z Pvq, Zzwg †fe bv †h, Zviv kvw¯— †_‡K †eu‡P hv‡e| e¯‘Zt Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q gg©vwš—K AvhveÕ ( A v‡ j Bg i vb 3/ 1 8 8 )| G AvqvZ bvwhj n‡qwQj Hme †jvK‡ì Rb¨, hviv gvby‡li wbKU †_‡K cÖksmv Kvgbv K‡i Ges cÖksmv bv Ki‡j bv‡Lvk nq I Zv‡K kvw¯— †`q| A_P mKj cÖksmvi 15. Avey vE` nv/4090; wgkKvZ nv/5110; wgkKv‡Z ÔgymwjgÕ †jLv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘

gymwj‡gi †iIqvqv‡Z (nv/2620) wKQzUv wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| 16. eyLvix nv/6205; gymwjg nv/2143; Beby iRe c„. 75|

12 12 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf cÖK…Z nK`vi nÕ‡jb Avj−vn| wZwbB ev›`v‡K †hvM¨Zv I ¸Y-¶gZv

`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| GKevi Ljxdv Igi web Avãyj Avhxh (99-101 wn.) digvb Rvwi K‡ib, �� L�Q�;�,&7� +�)�� 1 �� )$� ( Z { & �� j�4 ��% ��)��, +�� Z ��V�F � $��5&|

�� Ô†Zvgiv Avgvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖksmv K‡iv bv| †Kbbv mKj cÖksmv †KejgvÎ Avj−vn&i Rb¨| wZwb hw` (bv‡Lvk n‡q) Avgv‡K Avgvi cÖwZ mgc©Y K‡i †`b, ZvnÕ‡j Avwg A‡bï gZ n‡q hveÕ|17 GKRb weaev gwnjvi e¨vcv‡i Zuvi GKwU NUbv cÖwm× i‡q‡Q †h, ÔD³ gwnjv Zuvi wbK‡U Zvi BqvZxg Kb¨v‡ì Rb¨ miKvix fvZvi Av‡e`b K‡i| d‡j wZwb `yÕR‡bi Rb¨ fvZv wba©viY K‡ib| Zv‡Z gwnjv Av j n v g` ywj j−v n e‡j| ZLb wZwb Z…Zxq †g‡qwUi Rb¨ fvZv eivÏ K‡ib| Zv‡Z gwnjv Zuvi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Rvbvq| ZLb wZwb e‡jb, Avgiv †Zvgvi Kb¨v‡ì Rb¨ fvZv eivÏ Kijvg GRb¨ †h, Zzwg h_v_© mËvi cÖwZ cÖksmv Ávcb K‡iQ| G¶‡Y H wZbRb Kb¨v‡K Av‡`k `vI, Zviv †hb 4_© Kb¨vwUi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ cÖ k©b K‡i| Gi Øviv wZwb eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †Kej Avj−vn&i Rb¨| Avi wZwb Avj−vn&i ûKzg ev¯—evqbKvix gvÎ| AZGe mKj m¤§vb I cÖksmv †Kej ZuviB cÖvc¨Õ ( Beby i R e c „. 76)| wKš‘ GKvR LyeB KwVb| †Kbbv b¨vq wePvi Kv‡qg Ki‡Z †M‡j mgvR Zvi Dc‡i †¶‡c hv‡e| Avi †mR‡bB bex-ivm~jMY I Zv‡ì mv_xiv `ywbqv‡Z GZ wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Qb| Avj−vn&i c‡_ `vIqvZ w`‡Z wM‡q Zviv †hgb wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Qb, Avj−vn&i Av‡`k-wb‡la gvb‡Z wM‡qI †Zgwb Zviv wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Qb| G‡Z Zviv âh© aviY K‡i‡Qb Ges Lykx †_‡K‡Qb| †Kbbv wcÖqfvRbiv me© v Zvi wcÖq mËvi mš‘wói Dci Lykx _v‡K| wec`vc` w`‡q wZwb Zvi wcÖq ev›`v‡K cix¶v K‡ib| †hgb Ljxdv Igi web Avãyj Avhxh hLb n` Rvwi Ki‡Z I b¨qwePvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z D‡`¨vMx nb, ZLb Zvi cyÎ Avãyj gv‡jK e‡jb, †n AveŸv! Avwg eis PvB Avgvi I Avcbvi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i c‡_ KovB Mig 17. Avey byÔAvBg BQdvnvbx, wnjBqvZzj AvDwjqv 5/292|

13 13 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf KwiÕ ( H 78 c „. )| Gi Øviv wZwb eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, wb‡Riv wbh©vZb

†fvM Kwi| wKš‘ gvbyl Avj−vn&i weavb †g‡b my‡L _vK| bexMY I Zv‡ì Øxb`vi mv_x‡ì Dci wbh©vZb K‡i me© v ywbqv`vi I AÁ gvby‡liv| hv‡ì msL¨v me© vB AwaK| hviv Zv‡ì fwel¨r g½jvg½‡ji Lei iv‡L bv| ¯v_©vÜ †bZv‡ì PvKwPK¨c~Y© K_v ï‡b I bM` `ywbqv cvIqvi †jv‡f Zviv bexMY‡K wg_¨v aviYv K‡i I Zv‡ì nK `vIqvZ‡K ¯—ä Kivi Rb¨ mKj kw³ wb‡qvM K‡i| hv‡Z mvaviY gvbyl fxZ nq I cÖZvwiZ nq| GKvi‡YB Avj−vn ¯xq ivm~j‡K mveavb K‡i e‡jb, �|=;�L�, &|�; )�� ]#�7 * �]��7��, �� "�7�/&� L��; )�J � �%&B�, �� ;=��&f

�� )��&�{ �,�. Z �f l&L ��! �� F 4 y�� Y%o) �&? �� /�' [ � �. Z �%&� /=K�?�. �(� Z =�(b�� . Z�, ��&B �(� Z �%&*&��d�?�.@ Ô†Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki evYx mZ¨ I b¨vq

Øviv c~Y©| Zuvi evYxi cwieZ©bKvix †KD †bB| wZwb me©‡kªvZv I me©ÁÕ| ÔAZGe hw` Zzwg Rbc‡ì AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki K_v †g‡b Pj, ZvnÕ‡j Iiv †Zvgv‡K Avj−vn&i c_ †_‡K wePz Z Ki‡e| Zviv †Zv †Kej aviYvi AbymiY K‡i Ges Zviv †Zv †Kej Abygvb wfwËK K_v e‡jÕ ( A vbÔA vg 6/ 1 1 5- 1 1 6)| (L) Øxbx Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g gvby‡li Dc‡i gh©v`v I eoZ¡ Kvgbv Kiv : GUv yÕfv‡e n‡q _v‡K| GK- Øx‡bi wewbg‡q gvj DcvR©b Kiv| GwU m¤ú‡ì †jv‡fi PvB‡Z A‡bK †ekx g›` I A‡bK †ekx ¶wZKi| †Kbbv Bjg, Avgj I hyn&‡ì gva¨‡g Av‡LivZ mÜvb Kiv nq I Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ Zvjvk Kiv nq| A_P Zv bv K‡i hw` Gi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú` DcvR©b Kiv nq, ZvnÕ‡j †mwU Zvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœv‡gi KviY n‡e| †Kbbv Zvi wbK‡U Av‡Liv‡Zi cv‡_q _vKv m‡Ë¡I †m †mwU‡K `ywbqv nvwQ‡ji wcQ‡b e¨q K‡i‡Q| Avi GwU nvivg cš’vq gvj DcvR©‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o| Gfv‡e gv‡ji †jvf I `ywbqvex ¯v_© gvby‡li Øxb‡K aŸsm K‡i| nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt)

nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, �,&� T�� "��;��n�� R5�K 4 f�l N�� [��()�� )�b&;�� &h /��&? $[&2=�� R5 ��&� + ��;&?�, �R� 4�� ,�! + ��;&? �R5 ��&� &h /��&?�,

14 14 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf �R� 4�� &f� /�? & �5? T �y�� g7�� Ô†Zvgiv Mvp AÜKvi ivwÎi Ask m`„k

wdrbvmg~‡n cwZZ nIqvi c~‡e©B `ª“Z mrKg©mg~‡ni w`‡K avweZ nI| hLb e¨w³ mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K DV‡e gywgb Ae¯’vq I mÜ¨v Ki‡e Kvwdi Ae¯’vq| Avi mÜ¨v Ki‡e gywgb Ae¯’vq I mKv‡j DV‡e Kvwdi Ae¯’vq| †m `ywbqvi wewbg‡q Zvi Øxb‡K wewµ Ki‡eÕ|18 GLv‡b `ywbqvi wewbg‡q Øxb wewµ Kiv‡K ÔKzdixÕ ejv n‡q‡Q| hv gvivZ¥K Kexiv †Mvbvn| AÎ nv`x‡Q ÔKvwdiÕ A_© Avj−vn‡K A¯xKviKvix ÔKvwdiÕ bq| hv gywgb‡K Cgv‡bi MÊx †_‡K LvwiR K‡i †`q|

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �� ()��L �R;�) � �=; � +� �K�/&? � & �2�, � =c�� ([�2�, � & &;()��K�? ( Z �� &� � � �R}�� g7�� 7 m�? �<�� k=5�m�� S�%�? k�� N�� Ô†h

e¨w³ Bjg wk¶v Kij hvi gva¨‡g Avj−vn&i †Pnviv A‡šlY Kiv nq, A_P †m Zv wk¶v K‡i ywbqvex m¤ú` jv‡fi Rb¨, †m wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜI cv‡e bvÕ|19

Gi A_© GUv bq †h, Øxbx Bjg wkL‡j m¤ú` AR©b Kiv hv‡e bv| eis Gi A_© nÕj Øxb‡K A¶zYœ †i‡L ˆea c‡_ m¤ú` AR©b Kiv| m¤ú` †hb j¶¨ bv nq †h, Øxb wewµ K‡i n‡jI Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

Avj−vn e‡jb, �� .�� ? �&?&7 �� p�� uv�� T c�� & �� F 4 I�� , �.�� ? �&?&7 �� g7�� L��&� ��8�5 � ��, & �� F 4 p�� uv�� @ Ô†h e¨w³

Av‡Liv‡Zi dmj Kvgbv K‡i Avgiv Zvi Rb¨ Zvi dmj evwo‡q †`B| Avi †h e¨w³ ywbqvi dmj Kvgbv K‡i, Avgiv Zv‡K Zv †_‡K wKQz w`‡q _vwK| wKš‘ Av‡Liv‡Z Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb Ask _vK‡e bvÕ (k~i v 4 2/ 2 0)|

A_©vr †h e¨w³ Av‡Liv‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ `ywbqv K‡i, †m e¨w³ `ywbqv I Av‡LivZ `yÕwUB cvq| Avi †h e¨w³ `ywbqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ `ywbqv K‡i, †m †Kej `ywbqv cvq, Av‡LivZ nvivq| c¶vš—‡i †h e¨w³ `ywbqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Øxb K‡i, †m ywbqv I Av‡LivZ `yÕwUB nvivq| AZGe ywbqv AR©‡bi 18. gymwjg nv/118; wgkKvZ nv/5383 Ôwdrbvmg~nÕ Aa¨vq| 19. Avey vE` nv/3664; Beby gvRvn nv/252; wgkKvZ nv/227| nv`xQ Qnxn|

15 15 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf D‡Ï‡k¨ Øxb‡K eënviKvixivB me‡P‡q nZfvMv| Zviv GKyj IKyj

`yÕKyj nvivq|

Avi ÔwK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜ jvf KivÕ A_© `ywbqv‡ZB Zvi wb`k©b cÖKvk cvIqv| Avi Zv nÕj Avj−vn‡K †Pbv, Zv‡K fv‡jvevmv I Zvi mv¶v‡Zi AvKvsLx nIqv| cÖwZwU Kv‡R Zvi fq I AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk cvIqv| me© v Zv‡K ¯§iY Kiv I me©ve¯’vq Zvi Dci fimv Kiv| kÖ“wZ I cÖ k©bx †_‡K `~‡i _vKv| wbinsKvi I webqx nIqv| Avj−vn&i Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv I Avj−vn&i Rb¨ we‡Øl-Gi bxwZ Aej¤b Kiv| hvi Bjg Zv‡K Gme RvbœvZx ¸Yvejx AR©‡b m¶g K‡i, †m †eu‡P _vK‡ZB `ywbqvi Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| AZtci g„Zz i ci †m Av‡Liv‡Zi Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜ jv‡f ab¨ nq| c¶vš—‡i `ywbqv‡Z †h Av‡jg Øx‡bi GB myMwÜ jvf K‡iwb, Av‡Liv‡ZI †m Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜ cv‡e bv|

GRb¨ ivm~j (Qvt) †`vÔAv Ki‡Zb, =�&8()�� +�� Z $1%&��! �� ) � � &f�V�5�? �� , ��)�# � &f�>�d�? �� , �q�V�� &f�/�>�L �� , �p�%��T � &A��m�K��&? ��8�� Ô†n

Avj−vn! Avwg †Zvgvi Avkªq cÖv_©bv KiwQ H Bjg †_‡K hv †Kvb dv‡q`v †`q bv| H Aš—i †_‡K hv †Zvgvi f‡q fxZ nq bv| H AvZ¥v †_‡K hv Z…ß nq bv Ges H †`vÔAv †_‡K hv Keyj nq bvÕ|20

`yB- Bjg, Avgj I `ywbqv Z¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Dci †bZ…Z¡ Kiv I †kªôZ¡ Kvgbv Kiv| hv‡Z gvbyl Zv‡K eo Av‡jg g‡b K‡i Ges mevB Zvi w`‡K `„wó wbe× K‡i| G¸wji cwiYvg Rvnvbœvg Qvov wKQzB bq| Av‡Liv‡Zi nvwZqvi w`‡q hv AR©b Kiv nq Ges hv AZ¨š— wbK…ó I Mwn©Z Kg©, gvj I ¶gZvi gva¨‡g Av‡LivZ aŸsm Kivi PvB‡Z| nhiZ

KvÔe web gv‡jK (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �� )�~ ��) �� m&� � � n:��;�)&�� ,�! �� ;&� � � n:��8�Vg�� ,�! �< ��? � ��%&2&, r�=5��

�� Z & �)�u�T�! �� =5�� Ô†h e¨w³ Bjg wk‡L GRb¨ †h, Zvi Øviv †m

Av‡jg‡ì m‡½ gyKvwejv Ki‡e A_ev †evKv‡ì m‡½ SMov Ki‡e 20. gymwjg nv/2722; wgkKvZ nv/2460|

16 16 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf A_ev †jvK‡ì †Pnviv Zvi w`‡K wdwi‡q wb‡e, Avj−vn Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g

cÖ‡ek Kiv‡ebÕ|21 GBme Av‡jgiv Zv‡ì Ag~j¨ Bjg‡K `ywbqvi b¨vq wbK…ó †Mve‡ii wewbg‡q wewµ K‡i, hv Av‡Liv‡Z †Kvb Kv‡R jv‡M bv| Av‡jg‡ì PvB‡Z AviI wbK…ó nÕj Hme †jvK, hviv wb‡R‡ì‡K ci‡nhMvi I `ywbqvZ¨vMx wnmv‡e hvwni K‡i| A_P †m Avm‡jB GKRb `ywbqv`vi| GwU nÕj me‡P‡q eo cÖZviYv| hv w`‡q †m gvbyl‡K †auvKv †`q| Avey myjvqgvb `vivbxi (140-215 wnt)-Gi gZ A‡bK mvjvd H e¨w³‡K †`vlv‡ivc Ki‡Zb, †h e¨w³ gv_vq ÔAvevÕ cwiavb K‡i| A_P Zvi Aš—‡i i‡q‡Q `ywbqvex cÖe„wËi †bvsivwgÕ ( Beby i R e c „. 8 0 )|

fÊ Av‡j‡gi Kvwnbx : GKw`b evM`v‡ì i“Qvdvn )��g��*�4�$k( Rv‡g

gmwR‡` Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (164-241 wn.) I Bgvg BqvnBqv web gvCb (158-233 wn.) QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQ‡jb| Ggb mgq RvgvÔAvZ †k‡l GKRb D‡V ùvov‡jb Ges mevB‡K nv`xQ ïbv‡Z jvM‡jb| Gfv‡e wZwb cÖvq 20 c„ôv cvV K‡ib| hvi g‡a¨ GK ¯’v‡b wZwb e‡jb, Avngv` web nv¤j I BqvnBqv web gvCb Avgv‡ì e‡j‡Qb, Zviv Avãyi ivhhv‡Ki wbKU †_‡K, wZwb K¡vZv`vn&i wbKU †_‡K I wZwb Avbvm (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)

e‡j‡Qb, �� #�"� � � �� Z ( Z �� &��)�d&? �� [$� �k�; )�� 8�5 � e� 0��~ &�&��N�5 � �� B�1 & &>? ��, �.��2�� Ô†h e¨w³ jv Bjvnv Bj−vj−vnÕ ej‡e, Avj−vn Zvi

cÖwZwU kã †_‡K GKwU K‡i cvwL m„wó Ki‡eb| hv‡ì †VuvU n‡e ¯‡Y©i Ges cvjK n‡e ÔgviRvbÕ (cÖevj) cv_‡iiÕ|22

D³ nv`xQ ï‡b Bgvg Avngv` I BqvnBqv G‡K Aci‡K wR‡Ám K‡ib Ges Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K e‡jb, Avgiv BwZc~‡e© KL‡bv GwU ïwbwb| ZLb Bgvg BqvnBqv †jvKwU‡K Bw½‡Z Kv‡Q WvK‡jb| †jvKwU cyi¯‹vi cv‡e g‡b K‡i `ª“Z Zuvi Kv‡Q Gj| AZtci BqvnBqv Zv‡K ej‡jb, †K

21. wZiwghx nv/2654, mb` nvmvb; wgkKvZ nv/225| 22. Bebyj RvIhx, wKZveyj gvIh~ÔAvZ 1/46|

17 17 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf Avcbv‡K G nv`xQ ïwb‡q‡Qb? †jvKwU ejj, Bgvg Avngv` I Bgvg

BqvnBqv web gvCb| Rev‡e wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg BqvnBqv Ges Bwb Avngv`| Avgiv KL‡bv Ggb K_v ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi †Kvb nv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ ïwbwb| hw` Giƒc †_‡K _v‡K, Z‡e Aek¨B †mUv Ab¨ Kvi“ KvQ †_‡K n‡e| ZLb H e³v e‡j I‡V, Avwg me© v ï‡b AvmwQ †h, BqvnBqv web gvCb GKRb ÔAvngKÕ e¨w³| wKš‘ Avwg KL‡bv †mUv hvPvB Kwiwb GB gyn~‡Z© Qvov| BqvnBqv ej‡jb, wKfv‡e? †m ejj, `ywbqv‡Z Avcbviv `yÕRb e¨ZxZ wK Avi †Kvb BqvnBqv I Avngv` web nv¤j †bB? Avwg 17 Rb BqvnBqv I Avngv` †_‡K nv`xQ wj‡LwQÕ|23 A_P Bmjvgx e³vi j¶Y n‡e gvbyl‡K Av‡LivZgyLx Kiv| KL‡bvB gvj I gh©v`v jvf Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ n‡e bv| †Kbbv Zviv Ôbexi IqvwiQÕ|24 Avi bexMY gv‡ji wewbg‡q `vIqvZ w`‡Zb bv| cÖ_g ivm~j nhiZ b~n (Avt) ¯xq KIg‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡jb, ��? S�%�# �� $J$��'�! ��)�� ]�� . Z

�� 2�! �(� Z +�)�� Ô†n Avgvi m¤cÖ vq! G `vIqv‡Zi wewbg‡q Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvb A_©-m¤ú` PvB bv| Avgvi cÖwZ`vb †Zv †Kej Avj−vn&i Kv‡QB i‡q‡QÕ ( n~` 1 1 / 2 9)|

GKBfv‡e cÖvq mKj bexB e‡j‡Qb, ��, $��'�!��$J ��)�� 2�! �. Z �� 2�! �(� Z +�)�� A�� z ;�� ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡ì wbKU Gi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖwZ`vb PvBbv|

Avgvi cÖwZ`vb †Zv wek¦cvj‡Ki wbK‡UB i‡q‡Q (†kvÔAviv 26/180 I Ab vb¨)|

(2) evM`v‡ì GK Zvdmxi gvnwd‡j R‰bK e³v m~iv eby BmªvC‡ji 79 Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq e‡jb, Avj−vn gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-†K wbR Avi‡k emv‡eb| Zv ï‡b gvbyl Lykx‡Z †Ku‡` eyK fvmvq| K_vwU Bgvg Beby Rvixi Z¡vevixi (224-310 wn.) Kv‡b †M‡j wZwb fxlYfv‡e µz× nb Ges ¯xq evmM„‡ni ìRvq wj‡L †`b,

eq�� ! & �� q�� .��Q�/&' +& �� ,eq�� )�2 _�� +�)��

23. hvnvex, gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/47; Avey hvû, Avj-nv`xQ Iqvj gynvwÏQ~b 342 c„. Avm-

mybœvn c„. 86| 24. Avey vE` nv/3641, wgkKvZ nv/212|

18 18 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf Ôgnv cweÎ †mB mËv hvi †Kvb GKvš— mv_x��bB Ges Zuvi Avi‡k Zuvi

mv‡_ emvi †KD †bBÕ| GUv c‡o evM`v‡ì Avg RbZv Zuvi Dci w¶ß n‡q Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges Zuvi ìRvq cv_i wb‡¶c Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l ìRv eÜ n‡q hvq Ges KcvU Qvwo‡q cv_‡ii wXwe Dc‡i D‡V hvq|25

(3) Ggwb K‡i `ywbqvZ¨vMx bv‡g cwiwPZ cxi-gvkv‡qL I Awj-AvDwjqv‡ì gva¨‡g gvbyl cÖZvwiZ nq| Zv‡ì Øxb`vix †`‡L gvbyl Zv‡ì‡KB eo g‡b K‡i I Zv‡ì ìev‡i wM‡q wfo K‡i| Giƒc GKRb e¨w³ wQ‡jb evM`v‡ì †Mvjvg Ljxj (g„. 275 wn.)| whwb wQ‡jb bxie mvaK| whwb me© v QvjvZ I Bev`‡Z iZ _vK‡Zb| gvbyl Zvi cÖwZ wQj AZ¨š— Avm³| kqZvb GB my‡hvMUvB Kv‡R jvwM‡qwQj Ges Zv‡K w`‡q nv`xQ Rvj Kiv‡bvi KvR wb‡qwQj| wZwb ej‡Zb, Avwg G¸‡jv Kwi gvby‡li ü`q Mjv‡bvi Rb¨| nv`xQ RvjKvix GB ì‡ek †hw`b gviv †M‡jb, †mw`b Zvi †kv‡K evM`v‡ì mKj †`vKvb-cvU eÜ n‡q hvq|26

(4) Av‡iK `j Av‡jg ivRv-ev`kv I awbK †kªYx‡K Lykx Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Bjg e¨q K‡ib I wg_¨v nv`xQ eY©bv K‡ib| †hgb wMqvQ web Beivnxg bv‡g evM`v‡ì GK weL¨vZ Av‡jg GK`v Ljxdv gvn`x (158-169 wn.)-Gi Kv‡Q hvb| hLb wZwb KeyZi wb‡q †LjwQ‡jb|

GUv †`‡L H Av‡jg nv`xQ eY©bv Ki‡jb � ��/�' ( Z + 4 �[�� ,�! ��&u �,�! �� 4�� ÔZxi A_ev DU A_ev †Nvov e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQzi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv

†bB|27 wKš‘ GB Qnxn nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ †hvM K‡i wZwb ej‡jb, ��5�2 �,�! ÔA_ev KeyZievhxÕ|28 hv‡Z Ljxdv †mUv ï‡b Lykx nb| Ljxdv Zv‡K 10 nvhvi wìnvg Dc‡XŠKb w`‡jb| AZtci wZwb P‡j †M‡j Ljxdv ej‡jb, Avwg mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h, wbðqB Zzwg Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi 25. gyQZ¡dv Avm-myevC (1915-1964 wLª.), Avm-mybœvn Iqv gvKvbvZznv c„. 86-87| 26. Avm-mybœvn c„. 87| 27. wZiwghx nv/1700; bvmvC nv/3586; wgkKvZ nv/3874, mb` Qnxn| 28. hCdvn nv/221|


Dci wg_¨v‡ivcKvix )eA�(w��( gvÎ| AZtci wZwb Zvi KeyZiwU hen

Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb|29 Ghy‡Mi †hme †bZv kvwš—i bv‡g cvqiv Dwo‡q †`b, Zviv welqwU †Lqvj Ki“b|

(5) gvn`xi mg‡q Av‡iKRb wg_y K Av‡jg wQ‡jb, whwb GKw`b G‡m Ljxdv‡K e‡jb, Avcwb PvB‡j Avwg AveŸvm (ivt) I Zuvi es‡ki Rb¨ nv`xQ ˆZix Ki‡Z cvwiÕ| gvn`x Zv‡K ej‡jb, G‡Z Avgvi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bBÕ|30 GUzKy e‡jB wZwb ¶vš— nÕ‡jb| Zv‡K Avi wKQzB ej‡jb bv| Zuvi GB `ye©jZvi KviY wQj ivR‰bwZK| KviY DgvBqv‡ì KvQ †_‡K ¶gZv wQwb‡q wb‡qB AveŸvmxqiv ZLb kvmb ¶gZvq wQ‡jb| Avi we`ÔAvZx Av‡jgiv wQj mgv‡R wcÖq| ZvB Zv‡ì LvwZi K‡i Pj‡Z nÕZ|

Ggwbfv‡e cÖe„wË c~Rvix I †¯”QvPvix Av‡jgiv hy‡M hy‡M Bmjv‡gi ¶wZ mvab K‡i‡Q Ges wb‡R‡ì nxb ¯v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ gywgb‡ì Øxb I Cgvb wb‡q †Ljv K‡i‡Q| hw` Hw`b Ljxdv gvn`x H e¨w³‡K †Kvb Dc‡XŠKb bv w`‡Zb Ges wbixn KeyZiwU‡K hen bv K‡i H wg_y K Av‡jg‡K kvw¯— w`‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j nv`xQ Rvj Kivi `ytmvnm †KD †`LvZ bv| Rvwbbv Kvj wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V Avj−vn&i wbK‡U Guiv wK ˆKwdqZ w`‡eb| (6) cieZx© Ljxdv gvn`x cyÎ nviƒbyi ikx` (170-191 wn.)-Gi mgq ZuviB R‰bK wePvicwZ Kvhx Aveyj evLZvix G‡m Zuv‡K nv`xQ ïwb‡q e‡jb †h, �.�� &��l&? ��S��;�Q Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wbqwgZ KeyZi Dov‡ZbÕ| weØvb Ljxdv welqwU ey‡S †d‡jb Ges Zv‡K agK w`‡q e‡jb, Ô†ewi‡q hvI GLvb †_‡K! hw` Zzwg Kziv‡qk eskxq bv nÕ‡Z, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgv‡K Avwg c`Pz Z KiZvgÕ|31 GUvI wQj Zuvi `ye©jZv| GBme Ljxdviv †KD Av‡Liv‡Z euvP‡Z cvi‡e bv, hw` GBme NUbv mwVK nq| †Kbbv Zviv gvbyl‡K Lykx Ki‡Z wM‡q Avj−vn‡K bv‡Lvk K‡i‡Qb| ivm~jyj−vn 29. Avm-mybœvn c„. 88| 30. W. mvevC Zvi bvg e‡j‡Qb, gyK¡vwZj web myjvqgvb evjLx (Avm-mybœvn 89 c„.)|

wKš‘ Zuvi g„Zz mb wQj 150 wn.| Avi gvn`xi †LjvdZKvj wQj 158-169 wn.| †mKviY Avgiv D³ bvg ev` w`jvg| -† j LK |

31. Avm-mybœvn c„. 89|


(Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �� 7�/�� K��? & ()�� ]k=� �� &\%&;�? �S�%�? &\%&;�? �%&B�, ��6 K=� �� ( Z �S=�� & ()�� )�� k=5�m�� ÔAvj−vn hv‡K RbM‡Yi Dci ¶gZvmxb

K‡ib| AZtci †m Zvi bvMwiK‡ì mv‡_ †LqvbZ K‡i g„Zz eiY K‡i, Avj−vn Zvi Dci RvbœvZ‡K nvivg K‡i †`bÕ|32 wZwb e‡jb, �� A�w��

=F�)�� &��K��;R7� �!=%�/�K��)�4 &��7��N�� =5�� Ô†h e¨w³ Avgvi Dci B”QvK…Zfv‡e wg_¨v‡ivc Kij †m Rvnvbœv‡g Zvi wVKvbv K‡i wbjÕ|33

Ljxdv nviƒbyi ikx‡ì c‡i Zuvi †Q‡j gvg~byi ikx` (198-218 wn.) gyÔZv‡hjx n‡q hvb| d‡j Zvi I Zvi cieZx© Ljxdv‡ì mgq nKcš’x Avn‡jnv`xQ weØvbM‡Yi Dci †b‡g Av‡m Pig wbh©vZb| e¯‘Zt KcU Av‡jg I Q~dx-ì‡ekivB weMZ hy‡M Bmjv‡gi ¶wZ mvab K‡i‡Q me‡P‡q †ekx| GBme †jv‡Kiv Avgxi-Igviv I awbK †kªYxi evox‡Z evox‡Z Ges gmwR` I evRvi-Nv‡U RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ me© v wePiY KiZ Ges wg_¨v nv`xQ e‡j I KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi Ace¨vL¨v K‡i gvbyl‡K c_åó KiZ| hw` †m mgq Avn‡jnv`xQ weØvbMY Rvb evwR †i‡L gq`v‡b GwM‡q bv Avm‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Aw¯—Z¡ `ywbqv‡Z _vKZ bv| d‡j Bmjv‡gi iƒn †kl n‡q †hZ| †Kej bvgUzKz evKx _vKZ| GKvi‡Y Bgvg Avey `vE` (202-275 wn.) e‡j‡Qb, � w�B � �%��&S�3�' j�� r��7�� $k�� Ôhw` GB `jwU bv _vKZ, ZvnÕ‡j Bmjvg wg‡U

†hZ|34 GB `j ej‡Z LuvwU Avn‡jnv`xQ weØvb‡ì eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| bvgavix I KcU e¨w³‡ì bq|

Gfv‡e `yóz Av‡jg‡ì msL¨v me© hy‡M †ekx wQj, AvRI Av‡Q| eis Zv µgea©gvb| hwÌ cÖ‡Z¨‡K wb‡R‡K †kªô fv‡eb I n°vbx Av‡jg e‡j `vex K‡ib| †mKviY Zviv wb‡R‡ì‡K gydZx ej‡Z Ges me© v drIqv w`‡Z fvjev‡mb| eo eo Bmjvgx Rvjmvq †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q cÖkœ

32. gymwjg nv/142; eyLvix nv/7151; wgkKvZ nv/3686| 33. eyLvix nv/107; gymwjg nv/3; wgkKvZ nv/198| 34. AveyeKi Avj-LZ¡xe evM`v`x, kvidz AvQnvwej nv`xQ c„. 29|

21 21 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf AvnŸvb K‡ib I †mm‡ei DËi w`‡Z Drmvn †eva K‡ib| hv‡Z eo

Av‡jg I gydZx wnmv‡e me©Î Zvi L¨vwZ Qwo‡q c‡o| A_P Qvnvev‡q †Kivg I mvjvdx weØvbMY drIqv cÖ vb †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Zb| avwg©K‡ì A‡b‡K †jvKmg‡¶ wb‡R‡ì Î“wU eY©bv K‡ib I AZ¨š— webq cÖKvk K‡ib| hv‡Z D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K wb‡R‡ì AwZ avwg©KZv cÖKvk Kiv Ges gvby‡li cÖksmv Kzov‡bv| G¸wj m~² wiqvi Aš—f©y³ Ges cÖK…Z ZvK¡Iqvi we‡ivax|

mvjvdx weØvbMY G¸wj‡K me© v Gwo‡q Pj‡Zb| †Kbbv Av‡jg hLb ¯xq Bj‡gi gva¨‡g Avj−vn&i †Pnviv Kvgbv K‡ib, ZLb mKj e¯‘ Zv‡K fq K‡i| Avi hLb wZwb Gi Øviv gvj e„w× Kvgbv K‡ib, ZLb wZwb mKj e¯‘‡K fq cvb| e¯‘Zt mKj Kj¨vY i‡q‡Q AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨| Avi Avj−vn&i AbyMZ ev›`vi cÖwZ mKj wKQzB AbyMZ| mvjvdx weØvbMY web‡qi Kvi‡Y GgbwK A‡bï Rb¨ †`vÔAv Kiv‡KI Acm›` Ki‡Zb| †hgb Bgvg Avngv‡ì wbKU GK e¨w³ †`vÔAv PvB‡j wZwb e‡jb, AvgivB †Kej †`vÔAv Kie| ZvnÕ‡j Avgv‡ì Rb¨ †K †`vÔAv Ki‡e?35 Zviv me© v A‡bï mgv‡jvPbvi Av‡M AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb|

mvjvdx weØvbMY drIqv `vb †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Zb :

(1) Avãyi ingvb Beby Avex jvqjv (g„. 83 wn.) e‡jb, Avwg 120 Rb AvbQvi Qvnvex‡K †`‡LwQ hv‡ì‡K †Kvb welq wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K PvB‡Zb †h Zvi AgyK fvB Gi Rb¨ h‡_ó †nŠK| GBfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wdwi‡q w`‡Zb| Ae‡k‡l cÖ_g e¨w³i Kv‡Q cÖkœwU wd‡i AvmZÕ|36

(2) Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) ej‡Zb, (. Z � w(�� + K�V&? �r�=5�� + 4 �[$� �� |��&?�� +�LW � 4 �.%&5�m�;��@ Ô†h e¨w³ †h‡Kvb wel‡q PvB‡jB drIqv

†`q, †m GKUv cvMjÕ|37 35. Beby iRe c„. 88| 36. Beby iRe c„. 84; Beby nvRvi, ZvjLxQzj nvexi 4/454| 37. `v‡igx nv/171, mb` Qnxn|

22 22 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf (3) Ljxdv Igi web Avãyj Avhxh (99-101 wn.)-Gi wbKU †Kvb

wel‡q drIqv PvB‡j wZwb ej‡Zb, �� ! +)�� K$V�� :��m ÔdrIqv

†Ìqvi gZ `ytmvnm Avgvi †bBÕ| wZwb Zvi R‰bK ivRKg©Pvix‡K †j‡Lb, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Avwg drIqv `v‡bi e¨vcv‡i AvMÖnx bB| hZ¶Y bv Avwg eva¨ nBÕ ( Beby i R e c „. 8 2)|

(4) Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179 wn.)-†K †Kvb cÖkœ Kiv n‡j g‡b nÕZ †hb wZwb ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœv‡gi gvSLv‡bÕ|38 g„Zz i c~‡e© Zv‡K Kvbœvi KviY wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb e‡jb, Ô†Kb Avwg Kuvè bv?

��, g��! :��J&/�� F�5 � Avgvi PvB‡Z Kvbœvi nK`vi Avi †K Av‡Q?

Avj−vn&i Kmg! hw` Avgv‡K Avgvi cÖwZwU drIqvi wecix‡Z †eÎvNvZ

Kiv nÕZ! �,��K 5�� F��$! �4 | � =��! � nvq hw` Avwg iv‡qi gva¨‡g †Kvb

drIqv bv w`ZvgÕ! wZwb AwaKvsk mgq KziAv‡bi wb‡gœi AvqvZwU cvV

Ki‡Zb �. Z g�$b�� (� Z �x5�� , &��Q�� z 5 N��K��&; � ÔAvgiv †mªd aviYv Kwi

gvÎ| G wel‡q Avgiv `„p wek¦vmx bBÕ|39 GKevi 48wU cÖ‡kœi DË‡i wZwb 32wU‡Z ÔAvwg RvwbbvÕ e‡jb|40 Avãyi ingvb web gvn`x (135-198 wn.) e‡jb, GKw`b Avgiv gv‡jK web Avbv‡mi wbK‡U wQjvg| Ggb mgq R‰bK e¨w³ G‡m Zuv‡K GKwU wel‡q wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb

e‡jb, � ��8&5 ��$! ÔwelqwU Avwg fvj RvwbbvÕ| ZLb †jvKwU nZevK

n‡q †Mj| †Kbbv †m †f‡ewQj †h †m Ggb GKRb e¨w³i Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q, whwb mewKQz Rv‡bb| †jvKwU ejj, Avwg Qq gv‡mi c_ AwZµg K‡i G‡mwQ| GLb Avwg wd‡i wM‡q Avgvi GjvKvi †jvK‡ì wK eje? wZwb ej‡jb, Zzwg e‡j w`‡qv, gv‡jK e‡j‡Qb †h, wZwb G wel‡q fvj Rv‡bb bvÕ|41 GLv‡b Bgvg gv‡jK Zuvi gh©v`vnvwbi fq K‡ibwb| eis Avj−vn&i fq K‡iwQ‡jb|

38. Beby iRe c„. 84| 39. RvwQqvn 45/32; Bebyj K¡vBwqg, BÔjvgyj gyIqvK‡K¡Cb ( eiƒZt vi“j Rxj 1973) 1/76| 40. hvnvex, wmqvi“ AvÔjvwgb byevjv 8/77; BebyQ Qjvn, Av`veyj gydZx Iqvj gy —vd&Zx 79 c„.| 41. Beby Avew`j evi©, Rv‡gÔD evqvwbj Bjg 2/53|

23 23 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf (5) Beby gvmE` (ivt) ej‡Zb, †n RbMY! †h Rv‡b †m ejyK| Avi

†h Rv‡bbv, †m †hb e‡j �� )&� ÔAvj−vn me©vwaK AeMZÕ| †Kbbv GwUB nÕj Ávbx e¨w³i K_v| †hgb Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì bex‡K e‡j‡Qb,

�[$# �� $J$��'�! ��)�� 2�! ��, ��! �� z V�)�J�K&;�� Zzwg gykwiK †bZv‡ì e‡j `vI, Avwg Avgvi `vIqv‡Zi wewbg‡q †Zvgv‡ì wbKU †Kvb gRyix PvB bv| Avi Avwg fvbKvix‡ì Aš—f©y³ bBÕ|42

(6) nhiZ AveyeKi I Avjx (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, Zviv drIqv `v‡bi mgq GK_v cÖvqB ej‡Zb, g��! �:��;�' �F 5o) b&L g��!�, �y��! �F 5o) N&L

��1 Z &|�)$# F 4 A��K � ()�� ) � Ô†Kvb AvKvk Avgv‡K Qvqv Ki‡e I †Kvb hgxb Avgv‡K Avkªq w`‡e, hLb Avwg Avj−vn&i wKZve m¤ú‡K© bv †R‡b K_v ejeÕ|43

(7) DK¡ev web gymwjg e‡jb, Avwg Beby Ig‡ii mv‡_ 34 gvm †_‡KwQ| Avwg †`‡LwQ †h, AwaKvsk cÖ‡kœi DË‡i wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Avwg Rvwbbv| AZtci Avgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q wZwb e‡jb, Zzwg wK Rv‡bv Iiv wK Pvq? &7? �&? :��&��B �.�! �%$)��m�? ��%&8$� �R�� 2 +�� Z ��=5�8�2 ÔZviv Avgv‡ì

Rvnvbœv‡gi cy‡ji w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z PvqÕ|44

(8) mywdqvb QvIix (97-161 wn.) e‡jb, Avgiv weØvb‡ì †c‡qwQ GgZve ’vq †h, Zviv drIqv cÖ vb †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Zb, hZ¶Y bv Zviv eva¨ nÕ‡ZbÕ| Bgvg Avngv` (164-241 wn.)-†K G wel‡q

wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j wZwb ej‡Zb, �� j��&Y��! �� g��=+ ÔweiZ _vKvB Avgvi

wbKU DËgÕ| (9) K¡vZv`vn (61-118wn.) hLb drIqv w`‡Z e‡mb, ZLb Avgi Beby `xbvi (46-124 wn.) Zv‡K e‡jb, Avcwb Rv‡bb †Kvb Kv‡R Avcwb e‡m‡Qb? Avcwb wbw¶ß n‡q‡Qb Avj−vn I ev›`vi gvSLv‡b| Avcwb ej‡Qb GUv wVK Ges IUv †ewVKÕ| (10) gynv¤§v`

42. †Qvqv` 38/86; eyLvix nv/4809; gymwjg nv/2798| 43. Rv‡gÔD evqvwbj Bjg 2/52| 44. Rv‡gÔD evqvwbj Bjg 2/54|

24 24 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf Bebyj gybKvwì (g„. 130 wn.) ej‡Zb, Av‡jg Avj−vn I Zvi m„wó

RM‡Zi gvSLv‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| AZGe †m †`LyK wKfv‡e cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|

(11) Beby mxixb (33-110wn.)-†K nvjvj I nvivg wel‡q †Kvb cÖkœ Kiv nÕ‡j f‡q Zuvi †Pnviv weeY© n‡q †hZ| Zv‡K Av‡Mi †Pnvivq †Pbv †hZ bvÕ| (12) †Kvb †Kvb mvjvdx weØvb gydZx‡ì ej‡Zb, hLb †Zvgv‡K †Kvb welq cÖkœ Kiv n‡e, ZLb †Zvgvi eo wPš—v †hb bv nq cÖkœKvix‡K gy³ Kiv| eis †Zvgvi eo wPš—v †hb nq wb‡R‡K Rvnvbœvg †_‡K gy³ KivÕ ( Beby i R e c „. 8 3- 8 4 )|

L¨vwZi †bkv :

wiqvKviiv me© v L¨vwZ Pvq| AvaywbK cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g GwU AviI †ekx K‡i n‡”Q| AvZ¥cÖPvi I AvZ¥cÖksmvq fvm‡Q Ô†dmeyKÕ bvgxq mvgvwRK cÖPvi gva¨g I Ab¨vb¨ gva¨g¸wj| A_P c~e©eZx© Avn‡jnv`xQ weØvbM‡Yi wbKU AvZ¥cÖPvi wQj `vi“Yfv‡e N„Y¨ e¯‘| R‰bK e¨w³ Bgvg `vE` Z¡vC (g„. 165 wn.)-Gi wbKU G‡j wZwb wR‡Ám K‡ib, †Kb G‡m‡Qb? Rev‡e AvMš‘K e¨w³ e‡jb, Avwg Avcbvi m‡½ mv¶vZ‡K fvjevwm| wZwb e‡jb Avcwb Avj−vn&i mš‘wói Rb¨ G‡m _vK‡j †bKx cv‡eb| wKš‘ Avwg? AvMvgxKvj hLb Avwg Avj−vn&i m‡½ mv¶vr Kie, ZLb Avwg wK Reve †è? hLb Avgv‡K ejv n‡e, Zzwg †K, †h gvbyl †Zvgvi m‡½ mv¶vr Ki‡Z Av‡m? Zzwg wK `ywbqvZ¨vMx‡ì †KD? bv, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Zzwg wK Av‡e`M‡Yi †KD? bv, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Zzwg wK mrKg©kxj‡ì †KD? bv, Avj−vn&i Kmg! AZtci wZwb wb‡R‡K wa°vi w`‡q e‡jb, †n `vE`! Zzwg †hŠe‡b dv‡mK wQ‡j| e„×Kv‡j Zzwg wiqvKvi n‡”Qv? A_P wiqvKvi dv‡m‡Ki PvB‡Z wbK…óÕ|45

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �� f=;�' �f=;�' �� S�%�? k�� N�� Ô†h e¨w³ gvbyl‡K †kvbv‡bvi Rb¨ KvR K‡i, wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Avj−vn Zvi GK_v ïwb‡q w`‡eb|46 wZwb e‡jb, �� f=;�' �f=;�' �� { � ��, + 0��&? + 0��&? �� 45. Beby iRe c„. 87| 46. eyLvix nv/7152|

25 25 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf � Ô†h e¨w³ †jvK‡K ïbv‡bvi Rb¨ KvR K‡i, Avj−vn Zvi GK_v

m„wóKz‡ji mvg‡b ïwb‡q w`‡eb| Avi †h e¨w³ †jvK †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ KvR K‡i, Avj−vn Zvi HKvR mevB‡K †`wL‡q w`‡ebÕ|47 †h e¨w³ Ab¨‡K Dc‡`k †`q I wb‡R‡K fy‡j hvq, †m e¨w³ H †gvgevwZi gZ †h Ab¨‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i I wb‡R‡K R¡vwj‡q †`q| Bn~ x-bvQviv Av‡jg‡ì GBiƒc wbK…ó Ae¯’v wQj| hv‡ì‡K wa°vi w`‡q Avj−vn e‡jb, �.,&�&��L�! �r�=5�� /�� .�%��5�L�, ��$J��$V��! ��&K��!�, �.%$)�K�L

�A��K J�� 3�4�! �.%$) N��L Ô†Zvgiv mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k `vI, Avi wb‡R‡ì †ejvq Zv fy‡j hvI? A_P †Zvgiv wKZve cvV K‡i _v‡Kv? †Zvgiv wK ey‡Sv bv?Õ ( evK¡vi vn 2/ 4 4 )|

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b cÖ_g knx`, Av‡jg I `vbkxj wZb †kªYxi †jv‡Ki wePvi Kiv n‡e| hv‡ì †Kvb AvgjB Keyj Kiv n‡e bv Zv‡ì wiqv I AnsKv‡ii Kvi‡Y| Ae‡k‡l Zv‡ì‡K Dcyo K‡i gvwU‡Z †Pnviv †Nu‡l Uvb‡Z Uvb‡Z Rvnvbœv‡g wb‡¶c Kiv n‡e|48

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv e‡jwQ †h, gvj I gh© vi †jvf gvby‡li Øxb‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q| †k‡l Zvi wKQzB Aewkó _v‡K bv hZUzKz Avj−vn B”Qv K‡ib ZZUzKz e¨ZxZ| Avi GwU g~jZt `ywbqvi †jvf †_‡K Av‡m| Avi `ywbqvi †jvf Av‡m cÖe„wË c~Rv †_‡K| Avi cÖe„wËc~Rvi

d‡j gvbyl nvivg‡K nvjvj K‡i| Avj−vn e‡jb, �=��4 �� +� �~{ ��IP�, �p��Q�� g7��{ (. j�4 �� Q�m�� F B ��,��;{ �=��!�, �� <��u �S��N�� +�8��,

�q�V=5�� %�8��{ (. j�4 �k=5�m�� F B ��,��;��@ ÔAZtci †h e¨w³ mxgvjsNb

K‡i‡QÕ ÔGes cvw_©e Rxeb‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡QÕ ÔRvnvbœvg Zvi wVKvbv n‡eÕ| Ôc¶vš—‡i †h e¨w³ Zvi cÖfyi m¤§y‡L `Êvqgvb nIqvi fq K‡i‡Q Ges wb‡R‡K cÖe„wËi †Mvjvgx nÕ‡Z weiZ †i‡L‡QÕ ÔRvbœvZ Zvi wVKvbv n‡eÕ ( bv‡ hÔA vZ 79/ 37- 4 1 )| 47. eyLvix nv/6499; gymwjg nv/2986 Ôïbv‡bv I †`Lv‡bvÕ Aby‡”Q`| 48. gymwjg nv/1905; wgkKvZ nv/205 ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq|

26 26 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf ciKvjxb cwiYwZ :

gvj I gh©v`v †jvfx‡ì ciKvjxb cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn e‡jb, �=��!�, �� F L,$! & ��K � ��; > � $"%$N��4 F 5�K��? �� \,$! �K �� { ��, ��T�! �� {

��8�K��? |�� k�� }��N��{ �� +�5�6�! F�5�� { ��)�B F�5�� l�)&'@ ÔAZtci

(wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b) hvi evg nv‡Z Avgjbvgv †Ìqv n‡e, †m ej‡e, nvq! hw` Avwg Avgvi Avgjbvgv bv †cZvgÕ ÔGes Avwg Avgvi wnmve bv RvbZvgÕ| Ônvq! g„Zz B hw` Avgvi P~ovš— wVKvbv nÕZÕ| ÔAvR Avgvi m¤ú` †Kvb Kv‡R Avmj bvÕ| ÔAvgvi ¶gZv AvR aŸsm n‡q †MjÕ ( A vj nv- °vn 69/ 2 5- 2 9)| Rvbv Avek¨K †h, D”P m¤§vb I D”P gh©v`vi †jvf gvby‡li ¯fveRvZ| Avi G †_‡KB AnsKvi m„wó nq| kqZvb Zv‡K Dm‡K w`‡q gvbyl‡K aŸs‡m wb‡¶c K‡i| GB kqZvbx duv` †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z cvivUvB Avj−vn&i cix¶v| nZfvMïv GB duv‡` cv w`‡q `ywbqv AR©b K‡i I Av‡LivZ †_‡K ewÂZ nq| wKš‘ Ávbxiv me© v ¯’vqx gh©v`v Pvb| Zviv Av‡LivZ nvwi‡q `ywbqv Pvb bv| †Kbbv `ywbqvi eoZ¡ mvgwqK I wb›`bxq| wKš‘ Av‡Liv‡Zi gh©v`v wPi¯’vqx I cÖksmbxq| Avj−vn e‡jb, F 4�, �� 1 q�4��5�K��)�4 �.%&� 4��5�K&;��@

ÔAvi (RvbœvZ jv‡fi) wel‡qB cÖwZ‡hvMx‡ì cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Kiv DwPZÕ ( gyZ ¡vd‡ ddxb 8 3/ 2 6)| nvmvb evQix (21-110 wn.) e‡jb, ��1Z |�?�!��

�[&2=�� &q 4��5&? 4F ��g7�� & �� 4��5�4 F 4 p�� u�� ÔhLb Zzwg †`L‡e †KD †Zvgvi

m‡½ ywbqvi e¨vcv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q, ZLb Zzwg Zvi m‡½ Av‡Liv‡Zi wel‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv KiÕ|49 Igi dviƒK (ivt)-Gi wbK‡U R‰bK e¨w³ †jvK‡ì cÖwZ Iqvh Kivi AbygwZ PvB‡j wZwb Zv‡K e‡jb, +�>�u�! ��)�� .�! =�$N�L �f V�L��K�4 �� 8��)��

+ 4 � ��V�� =�$I =�$N�L �f V�L��K�4 +=K�� [=��d&? �� Z ��=��! ��&8�#�%�4 k�� c�5�; � �=?��o�� 49. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/36351|

27 27 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf ��4 & ()�� |�Q�L �� 8 ��7�#�! �S�%�? k�� N�� 7�N � �� 1. ÔAvgvi fq nq Iqvh

Kivi d‡j †Zvgvi g‡a¨ aª“eZvivi b¨vq D”P gh©v`v cvIqvi AnsKvi m„wó n‡e| Avi Zv‡Z Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Hme †jvK‡ì cv‡qi Zjvq ivL‡ebÕ|50

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, &��>�Q&? �.,&��/�J�K&;�� S�%�? k�� N�� "��! ��(w�� + 4 ��%&* "��2�� &�&B��>� �? o"ow�� [$� �.��J�� .%$#��&��4 +�� Z ��m ' + 4 ��=5�8�2 +=;��&?

�q��%&� ��&B%$)��L &�� n�� .�%�N��&? �� p��&� [�B�! ��=5�� k�5� ~ "��/�d�� @ wK¡qvg‡Zi

w`b AnsKvixiv nvk‡ii gq`v‡b gvby‡li Aeq‡e ¶z ª wccxwjKvi b¨vq

Rgv n‡e, Zv‡ì‡K Ôe~jvmÕ )��%�q( bvgK Rvnvbœv‡g nuvwK‡q †bIqv

n‡e| †mLv‡b Av¸‡bi Dci Av¸b e„w× Kiv n‡e Ges Zv‡ì‡K Rvnvbœvgx‡ì MwjZ cuyR-i³ ÔZ¡xbvZzj LvevjÕ cvb Kiv‡bv n‡e|51

Iqvnve web gybvweŸn (g„. 110 wn.) GK`v gvKn~j (g„. 112 wn.)-†K

†j‡Lb ��j4 �|/*! �B�b� ��;)� �75� r�5�� ]4��_ {]k��, ��$)~�4 �~�/� ��;)� �75� ()�� ]k�� {+�V��&M, ��)��, (.! ��7� Z � �K��E� &f5� �� u��@

ÔAvcwb cÖKvk¨ Bj‡gi gva¨‡g gvby‡li wbKU m¤§vb I gh©v`v jvf K‡i‡Qb| G¶‡Y †Mvcb Bj‡gi gva¨‡g Avj−vn&i wbKU m¤§vb I ˆbKU¨ nvwQj Ki“b| g‡b ivL‡eb GKwUi gh©v`v Ab¨wU‡K evav cÖ vb K‡iÕ ( Beby i R e 94 c „. )|

GLv‡b ÔcÖKvk¨ BjgÕ ej‡Z kixÔAv‡Zi Bjg, drIqv cÖ vb, Iqvh-bQxnZ BZ¨vw`‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi Ô†Mvcb BjgÕ ej‡Z Avj−vn‡K †Pbv, Zv‡K fq Kiv, Zv‡K fv‡jvevmv, Zvi Dci fimv Kiv, ZvK¡ x‡ii dvqQvjvi Dci mš‘ó _vKv, ¶Y¯’vqx `ywbqvi m¤ú‡ì AvKvsLv †_‡K weiZ nIqv Ges wPi¯’vqx Av‡Liv‡Zi m¤ú` jv‡f AvKvsLx nIqv BZ¨vw`‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| hvi GKwU AciwUi wecixZ| †Kbbv `ywbqv

50. Avngv` nv/111, mb` nvmvb| 51. wZiwghx nv/2492; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/3583, mb` nvmvb; wgkKvZ nv/5112|

28 28 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf jv‡fi AvKvsLv Av‡LivZ jv‡fi AvKvsLv‡K evwiZ K‡i| d‡j †m

Av‡LivZ‡K †e‡Q †bq Ges Zv‡K `ywbqvi Dc‡i AMÖvwaKvi †`q| Avj−vn e‡jb, �� .�� &7? �&? �� p�� uv�� T c�� & �� F 4 I�� , �.�� &7? �&?

�� g7�� L��&� ��8�5 � ��, & �� F 4 p�� uv�� Ô†h †KD ciKv‡ji

dmj Kvgbv K‡i, Avgiv Zvi dmj evwo‡q †`B| Avi †h e¨w³ BnKv‡ji dmj Kvgbv K‡i, Avgiv Zv‡K †mLvb †_‡K wKQz w`‡q _vwK| wKš‘ ciKv‡j Zvi †KvbB Ask _vK‡e bvÕ ( k~i v 4 2/ 2 0)|

Gi A_© GUv bq †h, †m G‡Kev‡iB `ywbqvZ¨vMx n‡e| eis Gi A_© Av‡LivZ‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q `ywbqv Kiv, hZUzKz bv Ki‡j bq| Avi `ywbqvi wdrbv †hb Zv‡K †MÖdZvi bv K‡i, †mRb¨ `ywbqvq I Av‡Liv‡Z Kj¨vY †P‡q Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb ivm~j (Qvt) AwaKvsk Qvjv‡Z GB †`vÔAv Ki‡Zb, =�&8()�� g7�� F 4 ��5 LP ��5=��

=, ]k�5��]k�5�� p�� uv�� F 4 =, ��=5�� A��w�� 5 # Ô†n Avj−vn! †n Avgv‡ì

cvjbKZ©v! Zywg Avgv‡ì‡K `ywbqv‡Z g½j `vI I Av‡Liv‡Z g½j `vI Ges Avgv‡ì‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi Avhve †_‡K euvPvIÕ|52

Av‡LivZ wcqvmx‡ì `ywbqvex cyi¯‹vi : Av‡LivZ wcqvmx e¨w³iv Avj−vn I ev›`vi fv‡jvevmv cvq| †hgb Avj−vn

e‡jb, (. Z ��? w(�� %&5��P �,�%$) ;�� \��Q ��=�� $[��m��' &�&8�� &��;��=�� xT&, @ ÔwbðqB

hviv Cgvb Av‡b I mrKg© mg~n m¤úv`b K‡i, mZ¡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ `qvgq (¯xq ev›`v‡ì Aš—‡i) gneŸZ m„wó K‡i w`‡ebÕ (gvwiqvg 19/96)|

nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, (. Z �n ��1 Z =��! �R7�/�� T �[? ��/ 2 �"��N�4 +�� Z g� �$! �R��3$4 & =/ ��4{ �"��#: & g/ Q&��4 $[? ��/ 2 =�$I � T��5&? + 4 :��;=�� $"%$N��4 (. Z n� g� Q&? �R��3$4 &�%g/ ��4 .& g/ Q&��4 $[�B�! :��;=��{

�"��#: =�$I &f�}%&? ��& $"%&/�N�� + 4 y��n�� .��1 Z�, �� ! �R7�/�� T �[? ��/ 2 $"%$N��4 52. eyLvix nv/4522, 6389; evK¡vivn 2/201; gyËvdvK¡ ÔAvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/2487|

29 29 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf +�� Z &� ��$! �R��3$4 & �� 4{ �"��#: & &� �/&��4 $[? ��/ 2 =�$I � T��5&? + 4 [�B�! :��;=�� (. Z

n� &� �/&? �R��3$4 &�%&� ��4{ �"��#: & ��%&� �/&��4 $I=� &f�}%&L & �� :�� /�� + 4 y��n�� @ ÔhLb Avj−vn †Kvb ev›`v‡K fvjev‡mb, ZLb †W‡K e‡jb, †n wReªxj! Avwg AgyK‡K fvj‡e‡mwQ| ZzwgI Zv‡K fvjevm| ZLb wReªxj Zv‡K fvjev‡mb Ges wZwb †mwU Avmgvbevmx‡ì e‡j †`b †h, Avj−vn AgyK‡K fvj‡e‡m‡Qb| AZGe †Zvgiv Zv‡K fvjev‡mv| ZLb AvmgvbevmxMY Zv‡K fvjev‡mb| AZtci Zvi Rb¨ D³ fv‡jvevmv hgxbevmx‡ì cÖwZ bvwg‡q †Ìqv nq (ZLb mevB Zv‡K fvjev‡m)| c¶vš—‡i Avj−vn hLb †Kvb ev›`vi Dc‡i µz× nb, ZLb †W‡K e‡jb, †n wReªxj! Avwg Agy‡Ki cÖwZ µz× n‡qwQ| ZzwgI Zvi cÖwZ µz× nI| ZLb wReªxj Zvi cÖwZ µz× nb Ges wZwb †mwU Avmgvbevmx‡ì e‡j †`b| ZLb Zviv Zvi cÖwZ µz× nb| AZtci Zvi Rb¨ D³ †µva hgxbevmx‡ì cÖwZ bvwg‡q †Ìqv nqÕ|53

†gvUK_v Av‡Liv‡Zi gh©v`v mÜvb Ki‡j `ywbqvi gh©v`v †mB mv‡_ AwR©Z nq| hwÌ †m e¨w³ Zv Kvgbv K‡i bv ev Zvi Rb¨ †PóvI K‡i bv| Avi †h e¨w³ `ywbqvi gh©v`v mÜvb K‡i, †m †Kej †mUvB cvq| wKš‘ Av‡LivZ nvivq| †Kbbv `yÕwU e¯‘ GK‡Î AR©b Kiv hvq bv| AZGe †mŠfvMëvb †mB e¨w³, whwb wPi¯’vqx gh©v`v‡K ¶Y¯’vqxi Dci cÖvavb¨ †`b| †hgb Avey g~mv AvkÔAvix (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, �� =��! &��&T =��}�! L�� uv � ��, =��! & �L�� uP =��}�!

&��&7 � �,&� Iv�4 �� +�N�/�? +�)�� +�5�V�? Ô†h e¨w³ `ywbqv‡K fvjevm‡e, †m Zvi Av‡LivZ‡K ¶wZMÖ — Ki‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ Av‡LivZ‡K fvjevm‡e, †m Zvi `ywbqv‡K ¶wZMÖ — Ki‡e| AZGe †Zvgiv aŸsmkxj e¯‘i Dc‡i wPi¯’vqx e¯‘‡K AMÖvwaKvi `vIÕ|54

Avi Zv‡ì Rb¨ me‡P‡q eo `ywbqvex cyi¯‹vi nÕj cweÎ Rxeb jvf

Kiv| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, �� [ ;�� RQ ��* �� 1 �,�! +��$! �%&B�, e� ��&� 53. gymwjg nv/2637; eyLvix nv/3209; wgkKvZ nv/5005| 54. Avngv` nv/19712; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/3247; wgkKvZ nv/5179|

30 30 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf & =5�� Q&5�)�4 ]p�� ]k�/��~ �? c�m�5��,��&8=5 ��&B��2�! �� %&�� %$)�;��?�.@ Ôcyi“l

†nŠK bvix †nŠK gywgb Ae¯’vq †h mrKg© m¤úv`b K‡i, Avgiv Zv‡K cweÎ Rxeb `vb Kie Ges Aek¨B Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì K…ZKg© A‡c¶v DËg cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ KieÕ ( bvnj 1 6/ 97)| e¯‘Zt cweÎ Rxeb jvf KivB nÕj `ywbqv‡Z Avj−vn&i †Ìqv me‡P‡q eo cyi¯‹vi| wbtm‡›`‡n Av‡jg hLb Zvi Bj‡gi gva¨‡g Avj−vn&i mš‘wó Kvgbv Ki‡e ZLb mevB Zv‡K fq Ki‡e| Avi hLb Zvi Øviv †m gvj e„w× Kvgbv Ki‡e, ZLb †m Ab¨‡K fq Ki‡e| AZGe mKj Kj¨vY wbwnZ i‡q‡Q Avj−vn&i AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨| Avi Avj−vn&i AbyMZ ev›`v ywbqv I

Av‡Liv‡Zi gvwjK| Avj−vn e‡jb, () ��, $p=c �� %&'�� , �z 5 ��&;�) ��, =� J��, �z N 4��5&;�� .%&;�)��? ÔmKj m¤§vb Avj−vn&i Rb¨, Zvi ivm~‡ji Rb¨ Ges

gywgb‡ì Rb¨| wKš‘ KcU wek¦vmxiv Zv Rv‡b bvÕ (gybvw d K ‚b 63/ 8 )|

ciKvjxb cyi¯‹vi :

`ywbqvex cyi¯‹v‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ Av‡Liv‡Zi AZzjbxq cyi¯‹vi i‡q‡Q| hv †Kvb †PvL KL‡bv †`‡Lwb, Kvb KL‡bv †kv‡bwb Ges ü`q KL‡bv

Kíbv K‡iwb| nv`x‡Q Kz mx‡Z Avj−vn e‡jb, &\�T�7��! �� T��/ � � �� Q ��=�� u � �, �|�� ;�' �.�1$! � �, �\!�� e�� >�� )�# �+)�� l@ ÔAvwg Avgvi

mrKg©kxj ev›`v‡ì Rb¨ (Rvbœv‡Z) cÖ ‘Z K‡i †i‡LwQ Ggb me Avb›``vqK e¯‘, hv †Kvb †PvL KL‡bv †`‡Lwb, †Kvb Kvb KL‡bv †kv‡bwb Ges gvby‡li Kíbvq hv KL‡bv Av‡mwbÕ| cweÎ KziAv‡b

Avj−vn e‡jb, �34�� F V�u$! �=� eq�V�� &��)��L ��&8�� :��c�2 ��&��! p=�$# �%&�� ; � ��%$)�;��?�.@ Ô†Kvb (Cgvb`vi) e¨w³ Rv‡b bv Zvi mrK‡g©i cyi¯‹vi

wnmv‡e wK ai‡bi P¶zkxZjKvix cÖwZ`vb mg~n (Avgvi wbK‡U) jy°vwqZ i‡q‡QÕ ( mvR ` vn 32/ 1 7)|55

55. eyLvix nv/4779; gymwjg nv/2824; wgkKvZ nv/5612|

31 31 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf †jvf `g‡b KiYxq :

`ywbqvi †jvf `gb Kivi Rb¨ wb‡æv³ welq¸wji cÖwZ me© v `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| (1) Hme KZ©„Z¡kxj †jvK‡ì g›` cwiYwZi w`‡K `„wó †Ìqv, hviv Av‡Liv‡Zi nK Av`vq K‡iwb| d‡j Zviv Avj−vn&i ingZ I gvby‡li †`vÔAv †_‡K wPiewÂZ n‡q‡Q| weMZ hy‡Mi I eZ©gvb hy‡Mi `yóz †bZv I awbK †kªYx Gi ev —e D`vniY| (2) wg_¨vev`x, AnsKvix I hv‡jg‡ì Dci Avj−vn&i cÖwZ‡kva †_‡K wk¶v †bIqv (3) webqx e¨w³‡ì cÖwZ `ywbqv‡Z Avj−vn&i cyi¯‹vi Ges Av‡Liv‡Z Zv‡ì D”P gh©v`vi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Kiv| (4) Avj−vnIqvjv e¨w³‡ì cweÎ Rxeb I `ywbqvex gh©v`v †_‡K DØy× nIqv| m¤ú` jv‡fi ¶wZKi w`K mg~n : (1) GwU gvby‡li cÖe„wË civqYZv‡K Dm‡K †`q| (2) wejvwmZvi cÖwZ Zvi Aš—i avweZ nq| (3) KL‡bv KL‡bv nvjvj Av‡qi mxgv AwZµg K‡i †m m‡›`nhy³ Av‡qi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i| (4) †m hyw³ w`‡q nvivg‡K nvjvj K‡i| (5) †m Avj−vn †_‡K D`vmxb n‡q c‡o| e¯‘Zt GUvB nÕj me‡P‡q eo ¶wZ| gh©v`v jv‡fi ¶wZKi w`K mg~n : (1) GRb¨ †m Zvi gvj-m¤ú` jywU‡q †`q| (2) Zvi g‡a¨ wiqv I wbdvK¡ cÖ‡ek K‡i| hv Zv‡K PwiÎnxb K‡i †d‡j| d‡j †m wbj©¾ I †¯”QvPvix n‡q c‡o| hv Zvi Rb¨ mKj ¶wZi eo ¶wZ| †Kbbv ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, ��1 Z �� + Q�K��L �f�5�*��4 �� |�i _ ÔhLb Zzwg wbj©¾ n‡e, ZLb Zzwg hv Lykx Ki|56

Pvi ai‡bi gvbyl : Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, gvj I gh©v`v Kvgbvq Pvi ai‡bi gvbyl i‡q‡Q| (1) hviv Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Dci KZ©„Z¡ Pvq I wek„sLjv m„wó K‡i| †hgb `yógwZ ivRv-ev`kv I mgvR‡bZviv| (2) hviv KZ©„Z¡ Kvgbv QvovB mgv‡R wech©q m„wó K‡i| †hgb †Pvi-evUcvi cÖf„wZ wbgœ‡kªYxi †jv‡Kiv (3) hviv wek„sLjv QvovB †Kej 56. eyLvix nv/3484, wgkKvZ nv/5072|

32 32 gvj I gh©v`vi †jvf gh©v`v Pvq| †hgb Hme Øxb`vi †jvK hviv Øx‡bi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri

Dci Zv‡ì †kªôZ¡ Kvgbv K‡i| (4) RvbœvZxMY| hviv mgv‡R †kªôZ¡ Pvq bv I wek„sLjv m„wó K‡i bv|57 †k‡lv³ †kªYxi gvbylB mgv‡R cÖK…Z gh©v`v jvf K‡ib I †kªô‡Z¡i AwaKvix nb|

G¶‡Y m¤ú` I KZ©„Z¡ hw` Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ nvwQ‡j e¨wqZ nq, Z‡e †mUv‡Z Øxb I ywbqvi Kj¨vY i‡q‡Q| Avi hw` Zv bv _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j Zv nq mgv‡Ri Rb¨ me‡P‡q ¶wZKi| †hUv‡K nv`x‡Q ¶zavZ© †bK‡o ev‡Ni m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, (. Z n� � &�$b�5�? +�� Z

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†Zvgv‡ì †Pnviv I gvj †`‡Lb bv| wZwb †`‡Lb †Zvgv‡ì ü`q I Kg© mg~nÕ|58

G¶‡Y †h e¨w³ wRnv` I ¶gZvi gva¨‡g Øxb Kv‡q‡g e¨_© n‡e, †m e¨w³ Dc‡`‡ki gva¨‡g I Avj−vn&i wbKU †`vÔAvi gva¨‡g †mUv Ki‡e| m‡e©vcwi †m Zvi m‡e©v”P mva¨ g‡Z Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ K‡i hv‡e| †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB gvj I gh©v`vi †jv‡f Av‡LivZ nviv‡e bv|

Dcmsnvi :

Av‡jvP¨ nv`x‡Q K‡Vvi mveavb evYx i‡q‡Q gvj I gh©v`v †jvfx e¨w³‡ì wei“‡×| hv‡ì Øxb KL‡bvB wbivc` _vK‡e bv Avj−vn&i we‡kl AbyMÖn e¨ZxZ| †mKvi‡Y G `yÕwU †jvf‡K `yÕwU ¶zavZ© †bK‡oi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv gywg‡bi Cgvb‡K †L‡q †d‡j| e¨w³, mgvR I wek¦ cwim‡i hy‡M hy‡M mg¯— Akvwš— I wech©‡qi g~‡j i‡q‡Q G `yÕwUi †jvf I †gvn| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì‡K †ndvhZ Ki“b- Avgxb!

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57. Beby Zvqwgqvn, Avm-wmqvmvZyk kviCqvn c„. 217-19| 58. gymwjg nv/2564; wgkKvZ nv/5314|

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