gym no sperm

7/29/2019 Gym No Sperm

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ABDULLATIP,AISAH A.

I-BS BIOLOGY

STEM ANATOMY

Herbaceous Dicot or Gymnosperm - Primary Growth

(Fig. 16.1 from Esau 1960)


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STEM ANATOMY

Woody Dicot or Gymnosperm - Secondary Growth

(Plate 28 from Esau 1965)


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STEM ANATOMY

Herbaceous Monocot - Primary Growth

(Plate 58 from Esau 1965, Fig. 17.8 from Esau 1960)


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Stem - Morphology

Root - Morphology

Leaf - Morphology


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ROOT ANATOMY

Herbaceous Dicot, Gymnosperm or Monocot - Primary Growth

(Plate 84 & 86 from Esau 1965)


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ROOT ANATOMY

Woody Dicot or Gymnosperm - Secondary Growth

A woody dicot or gymnosperm root in secondary growth looks very similar to a stem

in secondary growth. The tissue is more porous and less dense, and the periderm is

thinner. Rings of xylem growth may not be as distinctive as occurs in stems. This is

because roots of temperate plants do not posses a distinctive rest or physiological

dormancy period during the winter as do buds and shoots. Root growth may occur

whenever the soil moisture, fertility and temperature are favorable.

(Fig.15.4 from Esau 1960)


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LEAF ANATOMY

Dicot


Monocot(Similar to dicot, except no palisade, mesophyll is all spongy parenchyma)

(Fig. 19.6 from Esau 1960)


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LEAF ANATOMY

Gymnosperm



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Fig1: Illustration of the different cell types and transport pathways in gymnosperm leaves on a schematic drawing of a P. sylvestris needle crosssection (a) and an electron micrograph of a Gnetum gnemon fifth class minor vein (b). The pre-phloem pathway (brown arrows) from themesophyll is symplasmic and crosses bundle sheath, transfusions parenchyma and Strasburger cells before approaching the sieve elements. Thepost-xylem pathway (blue arrows) in pines starts in transfusion tracheids and has to enter the bundle sheath via the inner tangential wall, since theradial walls are sealed by the suberized Casparian strips (red). From the bundle sheath onwards it is not known to which extent the t ranspirationstream follows an apoplasmic, symplasmic, or t ranscellular route towards the sub-stomatal chambers (indicated here by the parallel arrows in a);scale bar 10 m; a based on Fig. 23 in Mnch (1930)

Mentions: Independent of shape, the vascular tissue of gymnosperm leaves consists of axial xylem and phloem elements embedded in thecharacteristic transfusion tissue. This tissue is again bordered by a conspicuous bundle sheath which for a number of gymnosperms was described tohave similarities to a root endodermis. The transfusion tissue is composed of transfusion tracheids and transfusion parenchyma cells that are in contactwith the axial xylem elements (tracheids) and Strasburger cells of the phloem, respectively (Fig. 1). Structure, amount, and arrangement of thetransfusion tissue vary in the different species (Esau 1965).


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SUMMARY OF ANATOMYVEGETATIVE STRUCTURES

MONOCOT DICOT GYMNOSPERM

STEM

PRIMARY(herbaceous)

GROWTH

SECONDARY

(woody)

GROWTH

none

ROOT

PRIMARY

(herbaceous)

GROWTH

SECONDARY

(woody)

GROWTHnone

LEAF

PRIMARY

(herbaceous)

GROWTH

SECONDARY

(woody)

GROWTHnone none none


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FLOWER STRUCTURE

FRUIT STRUCTURE

Example of a dry fruit Example of a fleshyfruit

SEED STRUCTURE


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gym no sperm

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