h. le minh, z. ghassemlooy and wai pang ng optical communications research group
DESCRIPTION
Simulation of All-optical Packet Routing employing PPM-based Header Processing in Photonic Packet Switched Core Network. H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy and Wai Pang Ng Optical Communications Research Group Northumbria University, UK http://soe.unn.ac.uk/ocr/. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Simulation of All-optical Packet Routing employing PPM-based Header Processing in Photonic Packet
Switched Core Network
H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy and Wai Pang Ng
Optical Communications Research GroupNorthumbria University, UK
http://soe.unn.ac.uk/ocr/
First International Conference on Communications and Electronics
HUT - ICCE 2006, 10th-11th Oct. 2006 Hanoi, Vietnam
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation principle– Clock extraction– PPM address conversion– PPM header correlation– All-optical flip-flop– Wavelength conversion
Simulation Results
Summary
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Introduction – All-optical network
Network transparency All-optical core router Processing, switching and routing in optical domain high throughput Packet format is preserved
#15
#11
1000
1111
1001
0111 110
1010
1011
#961
…
…
…
…
…
Edge node Core router High-speed optical data packet
Low-speed electrical data packet
Core network
#7 #12
#8
#10
1
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Routing Table
? OP 1
OP 2
OP 3
4-bit
1001B = 9D
Ref: [1] Z. Ghassemlooy et al., NOC 2005, UK, pp. 209-216
[2] Z. Ghassemlooy et al., ICTON 2005, Spain, Vol. 2, pp. 50-53 2
i
Convert to pulse-position routing table
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Router Operation
OP 1
OP 2
OP 3
4-bit
1M router
(up to M input packets at M wavelengths)
3
Principle Implementation
WDM
MUX
WDM
MUX
1 2
Input port
Output 1
Output 2
MW- PPRT
WDM DEMUX
… …
WDM
MUX
WDM
MUX
c1
c2
cM
c1 c2
cM …
E1 E2 E3 EM
…
E2 E3 E4 E1
…
EM E1 E2 EM-1
…
E1 E2 E3 EM
CW
…
M 321
… M 321
… M 321
… M 321
PPM-HP 1 @1 …
… PPM-HP 2 @2 …
…
… PPM-HP M @M …
M
2 3
1
M 1
M-1 Output M
PK1@1
PK2@2
PKM@M
...
...
PK1@2
PK3@3
PKM@1
M
PK3@3
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Router - PPM-HP
Data H Clk
Data
H Clk
Data H Ck
Clock Extraction
Clk 2
M
1
PPM-ACM
1-N SP Converter
WC-1
WC-M
WC-2
AOFF 1
Address matches with entry 2
Input
Outputs
M
2
1 @2
… …
PPM-HEM
xPPM(t)
BPF 1
BPF 1
&
…
BPF 1
&
&
Data H Ck
Data packet, @1 Data H Clk
x(t)
ci E2 EM
…
AOFF 2
AOFF M
… CW
cSP
E1
PPM-HP module
4
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Payload Header Clk
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
Router - PPM-HP - Clock Extraction
Clock extraction requirements:
• Asynchronous and ultrafast response
• High on/off contrast ratio of extracted clock
Clock Extraction
Clock, header and payload:- have the same intensity, polarization and wavelength
5
Clk
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Router - PPM-HP - Clock Extraction
22
22
SOA1
SOA2
1222
CP1
CP2
SMZ-1 SMZ-2
Clk
22 12 22
22
22
22in
SW SW
in
12 12
SOA1
SOA2
GCP
Optical delayAttenuatorPolarization Beam Splitter (PBS)
Polarization Controller (PC)AmplifierOptical fiber span
6
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Router - PPM-HP - Clock Extraction
22
22
SOA1
SOA2
1222
SMZ-1 SMZ-222 12 22
22
22
22in
SW SW
in
12 12
SOA1
SOA2
GCP
Optical delayAttenuatorPolarization Beam Splitter (PBS)
Polarization Controller (PC)AmplifierOptical fiber span
6
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Router - PPM-HP - Clock Extraction
22
22
SOA1
SOA2
1222
SMZ-1 SMZ-2
Clk
22 12 22
22
22
22in
SW SW
in
12 12
SOA1
SOA2
GCP
Optical delayAttenuatorPolarization Beam Splitter (PBS)
Polarization Controller (PC)AmplifierOptical fiber span
6
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Router - PPM-HP - Clock Extraction
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a) Input packets
(b) Extracted clock pulse by single SMZ. The residual signal intensities are high, but eventually fading due to SOA gain is saturated with the stream of high-powered control pulses
(c) Extracted clock pulse by two-inline SMZs. The residual signals are suppressed improving the on/off contrast ratio
Ref: Z. Ghassemlooy et al., ICTON 2006, UK, Vol. 4, pp. 64-67 7
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Router - PPM-HP - Address Conversion
(a) (b)
Switch (0)
Switch (1)
Switch (2)
Switch (3)
a3
a2
a1
a0
x(t)
SMZ3
SMZ2
SMZ1
SMZ0
1-N SP Converter
))
PPM-ACM
cSP
a1 a2 a3 a0
xPPM(t) 20TS
s 1
22TS 1
23TS 21TS 1
(a)(b)
8
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Router - PPM-HP - Header Correlation
SMZ-based AND gate: only one bit-wise operation! SOA gain recovery is no longer an issue, since it is saturated only once for
header recognition
Matched
Ref: R. P. Schreieck et al., IEEE Quantum Elec., Vol. 38, pp. 1053-1061, 2002
2N×M switch matrix …
…
(Optionally) Could be changed to set new
values of entries
c
E1 E2
EM …
12N
xPPM(t)
9
E2(t)
HUT - ICCE 2006HUT - ICCE 2006
Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Router - PPM-HP - All-optical Flip-Flop
- Operate at < nanoseconds responses
- Multiple SET/RESET pulses for compensating the actual loop delay (~ hundreds
of picoseconds) and for speeding up the transient ON/OFF states of Q output
10
CW
:(1 –)
Q
FBL
TFBL
SET
RESET
SOA1
SOA2
Optical delay
Attenuator
Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS)
Polarization Controller (PC)
TSW
PCW
St
Rt
PFBL
TFBL AOFF
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Router - PPM-HP - All-optical Flip-Flop
SET (blue) / RESET (red)
SOA1 gain (blue) / SOA2 gain (red)
Q output
ON/OFF Contrast Ratio
11
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Router - PPM-HP - Wavelength Conversion
SOA1
SOA2
CW @ 2
Data packet@ 1
22 22
Data packet@ 2
Ref: Y. Ueno et al., ECOC 2002
12
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Simulation – 13 Router
13
OP 1
OP 2
OP 3
4-bit
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Simulation – Parameters
14
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Simulation – Input / Clock Extraction
1
2
3
Clk 1
Clk 2 Clk 3
Input packets (3 wavelengths) Input spectrum / Extracted clock pulses
14
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Simulation – Router Outputs
PPM-HP1 – Output 1
PPM-HP2 – Output 2
PPM-HP3 – Output 3
Router output 1
1 2 3
Spectrum at router output 1
15
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Simulation – Router Outputs
PPM-HP1 – Output 3
PPM-HP2 – Output 1
PPM-HP3 – Output 2
Router output 3
PPM-HP1 – Output 2
PPM-HP2 – Output 3
PPM-HP3 – Output 1
Router output 2
16
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Simulation – Multiple-hop OSNR
OS
HP
…
# Source
Source Edge-node
Target Edge-node
OS
HP
0,
0
ase
in
P
PG
attn.
attn.
# Target
OSNR0 OSNR1 OSNR2 OSNRH
Optical fiber
Optical pre-amplifier
attn. Attenuator
inP
0,aseP
OS
HP
attn. 0G 01 L 1G
1,aseP 2G
2,aseP 11 L
HL1 11 HL
HG HaseP ,
0,0
00
1 ase
in
PL
PLG
1,0,01
010
asease
in
PPLG
PLGG
1,10,101
1010
1 asease
in
PLPLLG
PLLGG
2,1,120,1021
10210
aseasease
in
PPLGPLLGG
PLLGGG
…
1- Multiple-hop OSNR due to accumulated ASE
2- Predicted & simulated OSNRs
0 1 2 3 4 510
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Number of hops
OS
NR
(d
B)
Theoretical, OSNR0 = 28dB
Theoretical, OSNR0 = 34dB
Theoretical, OSNR0 = 40dB
Simulation, OSNR0 = 28dB
Simulation, OSNR0 = 34dB
Simulation, OSNR0 = 40dB
Ref:
Z. Ghassemlooy et al., IEEE 49th GLOBECOM 2006, USA, (accepted)
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Contents
Introduction
PPM-Header Processing Overview– Operation Principle– Clock Extraction– PPM Address Conversion– PPM Header Correlation– All-optical Flip-Flop– Wavelength Conversion
Simulation results
Summary
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Summary
PPM-HP– Provides ultrafast header processing– Reduces the number of routing table entries– Avoids the SOA recovery time during header correlation– Operates in a large BW as employing SOA– Supports multiple transmitting modes (uni/multi/broadcasting)– Offers add/drop edge node scalability
18
Further investigation– ASE noise sources– Timing jitter and pulse dispersion effects on PPM-HP– Effective wavelength conversion– IP-based optical transparent network
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Thank you