H 0 BI1 IIO,IJ;AIJ;11o MAHACTI1PY 3ABAJIA

IIepo IIpallITaJIO, 3aBWIajHH My3ej, Ka.aacesan

OTKpUBeHU cy OCTaI.\U crapaje upxse ca HeKUM rrpepOMaHUqKUM xapaxrepacruxaaa. Toje OTBOpHJIO HOBe MoryhHocTu y YTBP~UBaIbY npuotiamor MjecTa nosaaror xasreaor YKpacaU3 3aBaJIe, npoaaheaor TOKOM paunjax UCTpIDKuBalha y pyrneBuHaMa u;pKBe CB. TlerparOTWIKUX ocotiaaa, npyrne y ceny U UCTOUMeHOM MaHacTupy. Auo Te KaMeHe rrJIaCTUKenpanana HecyMlhuBO paHOM npepoaaaasxoa Ao6y, a npaoriarno je Morao 6UTU y HOBO­oTKpuBeHoM xpaMy o/laHaCTupa 3aBaJIe.

Krsy-rne pajexa: 3aBaJIa, upxsa, MaHacTup, Cpemsa sajex, npepoxaaaxa,

CeJIO 3aBaJIa je ynan.eno OKO 50 KHJIOMeTapa sarranao 0,0; Tpeoan,a HHaJIa3H ce y HCTOqHOM ,o;HjeJIy Ilonosor non-a, 0,0; cena ce rrpesra MOpCKOj06aJIH, Ta~IHHje CJIaHOM, npyaca KJIaHan; y ,o;y:>KHHH OKO 12 KHJIOMeTapa. YcassOM ceny, na Y3BHllIelhY, HaJIa3H ce cpemsosjexonaa HeKpOrrOJIa, 3BaHaU:pKBHHa (Tlerxoaana), aa KOjOj cy YOqJhHBH MpaMopoBH. Ha 060,o;y aexpo­none ce HaJIa3e OCTan;H nsajy npxasa, CB. IIeTKe H CB. Ilerpa. Ha rrapCTOTHHa MeTapa cjesepo-acro-mo 0,0; cerra je csrjeurrerr xraaacrap 3aBaJIa,TaqHHje ycjexea aa rrOJIOBHHH xpmenaror 6p,o;a Ocrpor. TOKOM oKT06pa HHOBeM6pa 2001. ronmre, spmeno je ncrpaaoraaa,e rora xraaacrapa y OKBHpycaHan;HOHHX panona na MaHacTHpcKoj n;pKBH CKJIOHOj nany, TaKO na rrajeMOrJIO 6HTH H3Be,o;eHO y nyaox 06HMy.

U:pKBa CB. IIeTKe je jenaotiponaa, ca rrOJIyKpy:>KHOM ancanon na HCTOKy Hnpecajena crapnje 3H,o;OBe na cjenepaoj H sarramroj crpaan, a na jY:>KHHcrapaja 3H,o; ce nacnarsa (CJI. 1: 2). Y cjenepaa 3H,o; npxse cy yrpaheaa nsasrpavopa, IlITO 6H H YKa3HBaJIO aa rr03HH cpemsa BHjeK, xao ,n:olhy rpaHHn;ynaroaan,a. 3a cana je reurxo rrpernocrannra IlITa cy crapaja 3H,n:OBH npen­CTaBJhaJIH, 063HpOM na cjesepaa H jy:>KHH HHCy napanenna. Haje HCKJhyqeHOna ce pana H 0 OCTan;HMa MaHacTHpcKor KOMrrJIeKCa, HO 0 TOMe he 6HTHpaje-ra xacanje.

[JIaCHUK Cpncxor apXeOJIOIIlKOr APYIIlTBa / Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society19 (2003) 185-196.

rCA,II/JSAS 19 (2003) Cxynosa CeKI.\Hja: - CpeJlfhOBeKOBHa apxeonomja

U;pKBy CB. Ilerpa rrpencrasn,a jemrooponaa rpahesaaa ca npanoyraonouarrCM~OM aa MCTOKy, 3M~OBa ~e6eJIMX OKO 0,5 m, carpahenax on Malhe-BMlIIe

rrpaBMJIHMX recanaxa, ~MMeH3Mjeupxae cy 13,64 x 6,22 m (CJI. 1: 1). U;pKBa jeMCTpa)l(MBaHa 1957. ronaae! M TOM rrpMJIMKOM cy OTKpMBeHM ~MjeJIOBM xa­

MeHe rrJIaCTMKe (Ta6. I, 1-4). Ilaaac ce OHM HaJIa3e y My3ejy y Tpeomsy,sajenao ca OCTaJIMM ~MjeJIOBMMa rrJIaCTMKe, npaxynn.eaau y OKOJIMHM (Ta6.

II, 1-3; III, 1-6) M MaHacTMpy 3aBaJIa (Ta6. II, 4). U;pKBa CB. Tlerpa je aaOCHOBy Te rrJIaCTMKe M aaxaaa rpahen,a ~aTOBaHa on crpane M. Bera y ~pyry

rrOJIOBMHy XII BMjeKa.2 0. Bacnep M C. TMxMn je, na OCHOBy rrJIaCTMKe,

onpenjersyjy y nepaon IX - XI BMjeKa.3

B. JOBaHoBMn je, TaKol)e aa OCHOBy rrJIaCTMKe, narosao y XII BMjeK,4 Ma~a

narrosran.e na 6M nojenana ~MjeJIOBM ca npenneron MOrJIM na npananajyIX-X BMjeKy.5 3aHMMJhMBO je na J. MaKcMMoBMn HaBO~M na OBa rrJIaCTMKa

onaje rpy6, PYCTM'IaH pan, KOjM name onrosapa npepouaaaua, xao M TO rta jenraua ca HMM60M BpJIO pajerxa y pOMaHMlJ,M HO nnax Ty rrJIaCTMKy naryje y

XII BMjeK,6 ]:10K je B. 'Bypah OKBMpHO onpenjersyje y nepaon IX-XII nnjexa, a

upxsy y XII BMjeKJ U;pKBa CB. Ilerpa ce y nncaaaa M3BopMMa rrOMMlhe npsarryr 1525. ronane."

Haseneaa narosaa.a cy renrxo rrpMXBaTJhMBa M3 ]:IBa OCHOBHa paanora,IIpBM je Taj, lIITO ce OBaKaB TMrr lJ,pKBM seayje sa roraxy, ra-nraje sa rsenysapajaary xoja je HaCTaJIa y <ppalheBaqKMM M 6eHep;MKTMHCKMM MOHalIIKMM

penoaaua y cpemsoj HTaJIMjM y XIII M XIV CTOJheny.9 Y .IJ:aJIMalJ,MjM jeaajseha 6poj ll,pKBM OBaKBor TMrra HaCTaO, oner nocpencraosr rrosreayrax

penosa, y XIV crorsehy M xacanje. Haj6JIM)I(M npasrjep je rppaa.eaa-rxa

MaHacTMpcKa upxna CB. HMKOJIe y CTOHy, narosana y npyry rrOJIOBMHy XIVcrorseha.l? Ilpyrn pa3JIOr 6M 6MJIa xasreaa rrJIaCTMKa xoja CTMJICKM onronaparrpepovaaa-rxosr nepnony, Ta<IHMje IX najexy, a He npyroj rrOJIOBMHM XIIsajexa, KaKO je y BenMHM cnysajesa narosaaa, 3a TaKBO naronan,e, nopenBen HaBep;eHMX MMlIIJhelha, nocroje M 6pojHe aaanoraje. MOTMBM rrperrJIeTa

1 M. VEGO, Arheolosko iskopavanje u Zavali, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu 14 (1959)179-201.

2 HciUo, 199.3 S. TIHIC i D. BASLER, Crkva sv. Petra u Zavali, Peristil2 (1957) 109-113.4 V. JOVANOVIC, Z. VINSKI i dr., Umjetnost na tlu Iugoslavije, Rani srednji vijek, ur. N. Tana-

sijevic-Popovic,Beograd-Zagreb-Mostar 1986,75.5 itcaio, 77-78.6 J. MAKCI1MOBI1Tt, CpUCKa CpeO/bOBeKOBI-Ia ctcyniiiiiypa, HOBM Cal-l1971, 38-39, CJI. 40-44.7 B. DYPI1Tt, J. KOBAqEBI1Tt Ml-Ip., Hciiiopuja CpUCKoZ uapooa I, yp. C. hMpKOBMll, Beorpan

1994,235, 243; V. DURIC, Z. VINSKI i dr., Umjetnost na tlu Jugoslavije, Rani srednji vljek, Beograd ­Zagreb - Mostar 1986, 63-64.

8 M. VEGO, HaB. oeno., 194.9 B. KOPAT>, Fpuouiiiensctca uucona Tlouopja, Eeorpal-ll965, 182-185.

10 ncta», 111-115.

186

IT. ITpaUITaJIO HOBM UO~al\M 0 MaHacTMpy 3aBaJIa

.~: ..\,;~

s - ....!!!!!!!!5iiii.....--

unULJ

•.tl..........©_l,~1t

----.... ---­~ ••..,.."--.!.1._'.._ ...

----5,l.. rto ../lt50--..._---

Or. 1. OCHOBa I.\pKBe CB. Tlerpa (1); OCHOBa I.\pKBe CB. Ilerxe (2).Fig. 1. Foundation of the St Peter's church (1); foundation of St Petka's church (2).

TpOqJIaHe rpaxe y CBOjMM sapnjaaraaa, 3aTMM xyxe M CIIMpaJIe (Ta6. 1,5, 6;II, 1-3; III, 1,4,6), cy BpJIO qeCTM yxpaca na IIJIaCTM1J;M IX-XI anjexa. Jenaa

on rrpasrjepa je nJIaCTMKa ca rpanane MapTMHMhM, narosana y IX crorsehe.l!a MMa MXjOIII.12 Ilpencrase gBMjy cysersenax nTM1J;a M nocynosr M3Mel)y (Ta6.I, 3; III, 5), HaJIa3MMO aa nJIaCTM1J;M osor nepnona, Jenaa on npaajepa cy M

BeHe1J;MjaHcKM KaMeHM 6yHapM (IX BMjeK) ca TaKBMM rrpencrasasra na KPy­

HMIIITy, KOjM no MMIIIJheIhY A. KOJIaCaHTMja, MMajy saaxen,e enxapacraje Msyxy nopajexno M3 panoxpmnhaacxax M paHoBM3aHTMjcKMx eJIeMeHaTa,13

11 B. KOPAn, Mapiiiuuuhu, octuauu panocpeineoejexoeuoi ipaoa, Beorpan 2001, 130, CJI. 98,99,100.

12 n. EOlliKOBHn, Hcna'ruaaa.a cpenn.osexoaanx CIIOMeHllKa aa Jy)J{HOM Ilpaaopjy, CUO­MeHUK Cpucxe tcpanseectce axaoeuuje 88 (1938) 3-4, CJI. 31-34; J. CTOJAHOBHn, 0 cpenn,o­nexosnoj CKyJIIITypli EOKe Koropcxe, Cuoueuu« Cpiictceaxaoeuuje uaytca103 (1952) 104, CJI.1;'B, EOlliKOBl1n, Ciuapu Bap, Beorpan 1962, 12, CJI. 20, T. XXV, a, c; B. KOPAnH 'B. EOlliKOBl1n,PaTaI.\, Ciiiapuuap 7-8 (1957) CJI. 8, 9.

13 A. COLASANTI, L 'artebisantina in Italia, Milano 1923,T. 80, 81, 82.

187

rCAAlJSAS 19 (2003) CKyrroBII cexuaja: - Cpemsosexoana apxeonoraja

Ilpencrasa nsajy IITH~a (Ta6. II, 4), op; KOjHX seha HMa HHM6 je, KOJIHKO jeMeHH rr03HaTO, jenaaa npaajepax KOP; Hac, a Haj6JIH)J(a aaanornja je aanapaneraoj rrJIO'IH y ~PKBH Y 'lep;ap;y, narosaaoj y VIII BHjeK.14

lIa)J(JhHBHja aHaJIH3a 3aBaJICKe mIaCTHKe oTKpHBa HOBe nonarxe. HaHMe,najopojaaja cy p;HjeJIOBH napanermrx nno-ra, nexe name HJIH Malhe OIlITe­hene (Ta6. I, 1,3; II, 1-4; III, 1,4-6). Haheno je H HeKOJIHKO crytiaha (Ta6. I,2; III, 2), najejeponarnaje on OJITapCKe nperpane, yJIOMaK KOjH je npen­CTaBJhaO p;OBpaTHHK HJIH nposopcxy rpeny (Ta6. I, 6) H jenan yJIOMaK (Ta6.III, 3), KOjH je, cyneha rro 06JIHKy npananao ~H60PHjy.Ha oCHOBy p;HMeH3Hja,spcre MaTepHjaJIa H oopane perserpa, qeTHpH rrJIO'Ie ca onrosapajyhmrp;HjeJIOBHMa (Ta6. I, 1, 3; II, 1, 2, 4; III, 4, 5) 6H Morne p;a rrpnnanajy jennojQjeJIHHH.

Ha Ta6JIH IV je rrpaxasan noxynraj lhHXOBe pexoacrpyxnaje H TaKO no­6HjeHa nrapnaa OJITapCKe nperpane (OKO 3,76 m) ce He yxnarra y llHPHHYnpxse CB. Ilerpa (5,22 m), nrro yxasyje na je noxreayra QjeJIHHa noanjera H3npyror 06jeKTa H ncxopanrreaa xao P;HO upxsenor nasrjeurraja MJIai)e npxse.To Ba)J(H H aa ~H60PHj, cauo nrro je y OBOM cny-rajy OJITapCKH npocrop npxseCB. Ilerpa, rro CBOjHM p;HMeH3HjaMa (CJI. 1: 1) acysame MaJIH. Ilpeocranenapanerne rrJIO'Ie, oner sa OCHOBy p;HMeH3Hja, BpCTe MaTepHjaJIa H oopanepersedia, He 'IHHe jenny QjeJIHHy (nocetiao rrnosa ca Ta6JIe III, 1 sa xojy ce cacnrypaomhy MO)J(e peha na, cynehn rro p;HMeH3HjH, He npanana ~PKBH CB.Ilerpa, seh nexoj sehoj ~pKBH).

o npexreny HaCTaHKa 3aBaJICKOr MaHaCTHpa aa cana HeMa noysnanaxnonaraxa. Haponno npenaise ra sesyje aa apajexre napa KOHCTaHTHHa, KOjHje 'ry 6HO na nyry H3 PHMa y Llaparpan.l> 3a cana najcrapajn noxysrear 0MaHacTHpy, necysra.aa H norrryao carypaa, rrora-re H3 1514, xana je HeKHEO)J(o, CHH Pap;OCJIaBOB H3 Opaxosor AOJIa, nponao nanorpan I1J1apHjoHy,nrysraay MaHacTHpcKOM.16

Maaacrnpcxa upxsa, rrocsehena Baseneisy Boroponane je jenaoopomrarpahesana (CJI. 2: 1), rrOJIy06JIHqaCTO sacaenena, carpahena on Malhe-BHllerrpaBHJIHHX TecaHHKa H nosaara je rro )J(HBorrHcy ca no-rerxa 17. crorseha.'?Cjesepna, nonysora crpaaa ce rronsna-m H aacnarsa aa crajeay (CJI. 2: 2).YJIa3 y ~PKBY je ca jyra, y P;HO KOjH lIHHH nparrpary, Hsy pasnsaja oncpenmna.er najena upxne BeJIHKH sacsohea OTBOp, ca nsa Malha nponaaa cacrpane, raxohe rrOJIyKpy)J(HO saspnreaa. Ha HCTH HaqHH je onsojea OJITapCKHnpocrop on naoca, AY)J(HHa upxse je 12,5 m (ca nparrparou), a mapaaanejennaxa, 063HpOM na ce cjesepaoxr CTpaHOM nacnan,a aa JIHTH~Y. Flon je

14 n. BOIliKOBl1n, Apxuiiietciuypa cpeou.ei eetca, Beorpan 1976, 179, en. 230.15 Ilpeua B. 'FtOPOBl1n. Xepueroaa-nca MaHaCTlIpll: 3aBana, Ciuapuuap 1 (1922) 210.16 Hcuio, 210, 211.17 ]II. 3APABKOBl1n 1I A. CKOBPAH, Mauacrap 3aBana - apxares-rypa 1I rppecxe, Haute

ciuapuue 6 (1959) 37-63.

188

II. IIpallITaJIO

I

1--- ----- -- --

1

2

r

hL.L-.J...J.-__-"-'--'-'-'l-L_,.

3

I - 1l0llfle onexe

2- 1l0Jl)10ra Oil Marrcpll3 - mOlmUIWHH CJToj rJlHlIC

4 - cnoj cHTHI~jer 1I0MJhelJOrKaMeHa ca apno MaJlO Ma..1Tepa

5- cno] najecxa, IlIJhyHKa II Mamepa

6·· rJlHHa.

CJI. 2. OCHoBa xranacrapcxe l\pKBe ca OCTal\IIMa crapnjax 311p;OBa II IICTpa)KeHOMrrOBplllllHOM (1); npecajex l\pKBe (2); uporpan A·E y OJITapCKOM npocropy (3).

Fig. 2. Ground plan of the church with remeins of earlier walls and intvestigated area (1);vertical section of the church (2); cross section A-B in altar space (3).

189

rCA,Il/JSAS 19 (2003) Cxyrrosa cexunja: - Cpemsosexosaa apxeonornja

I----1---

CJI. 3. OCHoBa Manacrnpa 3aBaJIa.Fig. 3. Ground plan of Zavala monestery.

npexpasea rrO~HHM orrexaua, a KpOB KaMeHHM rrnosana H HMa nan casro aajyaory crpaay,

Ha caryanaoaon nnaay MaHaCTHpa (CJI. 3), yoxaaajy ce OCTa~H KeJIHjasananao H jyrosananao on upxne, Hsa KeJIHja, narse rrpesra sanany ce HaJIa3Hnehaaa, a ca cjesepae crpaae oxannaa. Ila cy Ty 3aHCTe 6HJIe KeJIHje,

190

II. IIpaIlITaJIo Hoaa IIO):\a~1I 0 MaHaCTlipy 3aBaJIa

casaajesro M3 noyanaanx orraca HaCTaJIMX TOKOM 1901, 1911, 1913. rop;MHe,18

xao M TO p;a je P;OlhM HMBO MaHaCTMpa HaCTaO y aycrpo-yrapcxosr nepaony,sajenao ca rrpeCJIMqaCTMM 3BOHMKOM aa JIMTMU;M M3HaA npse M CTerreHMIIITeM

KaO HOBMM rrpMJIa30M, p,OK 6M ropisa HMBO (upxna, IIoMeHyTM KOHaU;M M CTapM

rrpanas KOjM je sacsohen), rrpencrasrsao cpemsoajexoano jesrpo. Ca MCTO'-IHe

crpaae npxse, a M3Hap, crapor rrpnnaaa, HaJIa3e ce M TpM xasreaa cryoaOKTOrOHaJIHOr npecjexa, sa xoje je aa cana renrxo yCTaHoBMTM nopajexno.gMO TaKBor cryoa, HaJIa3M ce yxonaa y OJITapCKOM rrpocTopy npxse CB.Tlerpa, rnje je oqMrJIeAHO CJIy)KMO xao rrOCTOJbe sa -racay rpneay,

IIoMeHyTM panosa aa caaaparsy cy, M3Mei)y OCTaJIOr, YKJbyqMBaJIM M

OTBapalhe pOBa IIIMpMHe p;o 1 m, AY)K jyxoror 3MAa M MCTOqHe crpaae npxse,KaKO ca cnorsrse, TaKO M ca yayrpaunse crpaae, y U;MJbY saurrare resren,a.Cnorstsa noapnrana je Ben npexonasaaa xpajesr nenecerax OA crpaae aasonaM3 Capajesa.l?

POB y3 jy)KHM 3Mp" ca crrorsae crpaae, nytiaae OKO 1 m, noxasao jeOp,CyCTBO apXeOJIOIIIKMX cnojesa M HaJIa3a. HaKOH TaHKor cnoja xysryca,

CJIeAM npneaxacra, rJIMHOBMTa 3eMJba ca 6JIOKOBMMa crajene. PaAM nposjepeOBe crparnrparpaje, ornopena je M COHp,a OKOMMTO na 3Mp" xoja je nana MCTepesyrrrare.

gy)K MCTOqHe crpane, caryanaja je nenrro npyraxaja, 063MpOM Aa je Ty

TepeH HMBeJIMCaH 360r rrap,a OA 3arrap,a Ka MCTOKy, TaKO Aa HaKOH rrOBp­IIIMHCKor cnoja xysryca CJIep,M CJIoj CaCTaBJbeH OA JIOMJbeHOr xasreaa rrOMM­

jemanor ca 3eMJbOM MpKe M npseaxacre 60je M MaJIO MaJITepa. IIoKpeTHMx

HaJIa3a HeMa, a y cjeBepOMCTOqHOM M jyroMCTOqHOM yrJIy cy OTKpMBeHM

rpo60BM.20 I'poo y cjeBepOMCTOqHOM yrny je 6MO p;jeJIMMMqHO orpahea xa­

MeHMM nno-raua, BepTMKaJIHO rrOCTaBJbeHMM, opajesranaja 3-H. CKeJIeT je

rrOJIO)KeH na neha, pyxy OIIp~eHMX nopen TeJIa; aa lheMy cy 6MJIM OCTaU;Monjehe, a npyrax HaJIa3a aejra. CKeJIeT je nescao aa peJIaTMBHoj Ay6MHM OA

OKO 1,20 m; 6MO je p;jeJIMMMqHO nopesrehea, a nopen cy rrponahena M OCTaU;Mjennor MJIM aame noxojaaxa. Ba)KHO je MCTanM na je resren, ancane onrrehenyxorraaaa.exr osor rpo6a, IIITO 6M YKa3MBaJIO na je, yCJIOBHO pexeao, HOBMjer

narysra, a y npnrror TOMe Mp,y M OCTaU;M onjehe, a rpeoa noueayra M ycsrerro

xasnaaa,e canannser nrysraaa BaCMJIMja 0 TOMe na ce pana 0 jennosr OA

sroaaxa, caxparseaosr y nponrnov crorsehy.Konan.eu pOBOBa ynyrap npxse, acnon rrOAHMX orrexa Ae6JbMHe 2,5-3 em M

cnoja MaJITepa xao nonae nonnore, Ae6JbMHe 5-8 em, OTKpMBeHM cy AY)K

AMjeJIa cjesepae M MCTOqHe crpaae OCTaU;M crapnjax 3MAOBa (CJI. 2: 1).Cjesepaa 3MA je IIIMpOK OKO 108 em, a MJIai)M je rrpM3MAaH ya lhera. Jy)KHM

18 B. 'ROPOBI11i, HaG oe/lO, 219-220.19 M. CORDA, Konzervacija manastirske crkve u Zavali, Nase starine9 (1964) 63-69.20 Tpori YjyrollCTO'IHOM yrny je lICKOrraH ueurro panaje 0):\ crpaae capanaaxa Perry6JIlIQKOr

sasona sa aaurnrry cnoaennxa xynrype as Baisa JIyKe.

191

rCAA/JSAS 19 (2003)

c

Cxynoaa cexnaja: - Cpe~JbOBeKOBHa apxeonornja

J

1

3

o

3

5

2

Q

; J

CJI. 4. Hsrnen jyacnor crapnjer 3HAa (1); H3rJIeA jyzcnor crapajer 3HAa (2); AHO jyroucronnenOJlOBHHe ancane (3); AHO cjeaepoacroxne nOJlOBHHe ancane (4); H3rJleA cjesepnor crapnjer

3HAa (5); H3rJleA cjeaepnor crapnjer 3HAa (6).Fig. 4. Earlier southern wall (1-2); southeastern part of apse (3); northeastern part

of apse (4); later northern wall (5-6)

192

IT. ITpaUITaJIO HOBrr nenana 0 MaHacTrrpy 3aBaJIa

31:1;0; je I1Il:IpOK 102 em, 1:11:I3Meljy rsera 1:1 smaher 31:1;o;a je passrax 0;0; OKO 25 em.06a OBa HOBOOTKpl:lBeHa 31:1;o;a cy qBPCTO rpaljeHa 0;0; JIOMllieHOr KaMeHapaann-nrrax ;O;I:IMeH31:1ja, 3aJII:IBeHOr MaJITepOM. KaMeH je cnorsa npnrecan 1:1aa OCHOBy aa IhMMa CaqYBaHI:IX OCTaTaKa MaJITepa, MO)Ke ce 3aKlliY<II:ITM)J,a cyJII:Iu;a OMaJITepI:lCaHa.

Ha jy)KHOM 31:1;o;y ce, y HI:IBOY resren,a jyroacro-mor cryrma, yoxanaHenpaBI:IJIaH npexan I1ITO 61:1 rOBOpl:lJIO na ce 3M)J, rrpyzcao nan.e npesrasarrany, a y npanor TOMe 6M I:IIIIJII:I 1:1 HaJIa31:1 xojaana Meljyc06HO cnojenorJIOMllieHOr xasrena, y rrponyacerxy. CjeBepHI:I )J,MO crapajer 3M;o;a ce raxobenpexnna y HI:IBOY resren,a cjeaepoacrosaor crynna, O;o;HOCHO npara, a narsenpesra sanany je MaTl:lqHa crnjeaa, ql:lja je roprsa nOBpIlII:IHa oopaheaa MTMMenpersopena y non, Bjeponarno je ra crajeaa panaje 6MJIa caCTaBHI:I ;0;1:10TeMellia crapajer sana, a HaKOH nponrapasaa,a upxae, oripahena 1:1 npe­TBopeHa y natrannsa non,

U;pTe)K1:I ;O;I:IjeJIOBa npO¢I:IJIa OBI:IX 3I:1;O;OBa, jysoror (CJI. 4: 2) 1:1 cjeaepnor(CJI. 4: 5), rroxasyjy IhI:lXOBy nOBe3aHOCT ca I:ICTOqHI:IM 31:1;o;OM M anCI:I)J,OM.Herron 31:1;o;a ce HaJIa31:1 30Ha ca-rmseaa 0;0; JIOMllieHOr xaxreaa M MaJITepaHenpaBI:IJIHOr 06JII:IKa, xoja JIe)K1:I na rJII:IHI:I. Hajajepoaarnaje ce pamr 0TeMelliHoj 30HI:I. Be31:1BHI:I MaJITep I:ICTOqHOr 31:1;o;a ca anCI:I;O;OM, O)J, Malhe-BI:lIIIeropa.e KOTe crapajax 31:1;O;OBa na na Hl:I)Ke, rOTOBO je l:I;o;eHTWIaH ca Be31:1BHI:IMMaJITepOM crapajnx 3H;n;OBa. Taxohe ce y anCI:I;O;I:I, y I:ICTOM HI:IBOY, sanaacajyOCTaU;1:I MaJITepl:ICalha. CBI:I OBI:I nenana yxasyjy na IhI:lXOBy I:ICTOBpeMeHocT,O;o;HOCHO ;o;a cy rpamrrersa npl:lJIMKOM oonaan.aa.a upxae MCTy npOIIII:IpI:lJII:I, aHa;O;31:1;o;aJII:I crapy arrcnny.

Teversa ancane y cjenepaoj nOJIOBI:IHI:I nanajeosy aa rJII:IHY (CJI. 4: 4), a yjyxoroj na crnjeaoaare 6JIOKOBe (CJI. 4: 3), ;o;OK MM je HI:IBO ca yayrpama,ecrpaae 3HaTHO ;o;y6llil:l y O;o;HOCy aa cnorsanra,a.

HI:IBO nona crapnje npxse je 61:10 OKO 70 em HI:I)KM 0;0; naaarmser, KOJII:IKOOTnpl:lJII:IKe 1:13HOCI:I pa3JII:IKa 1:13Meljy KOTe noxerxa TeMelliHe 30He crapnjax31:1;O;OBa 1:1 HI:IBOa naaannser nona, Ta pa3JIMKa je nonylheHa aacanou (CJI. 2: 3).Osaj nacarr je, 0;0; JII:IHl:lje npexana 31:1;O;OBa na narse npexra sanany, nenrronpyra-mja 1:1 nnaha (CJI. 5), 063MpOM na seh nOMeHyTI:I nan, OP;HOCHO ycnoaTepeHa.

3aHMMllil:lBO je na y 30HI:I 0;0; 31:1p;a npnnpare na no crymra, HaKOH nona 1:1MaJITepa CJIep;1:I rJII:IHa, rnje cy npoaahenn 1:1 yJIOMIJ;1:I rpasapaje, xoja najsje­posarnaje rrpnnana rrpaacropnja. YJIOMU;I:I cy cnorsa upneaxacre 60je, 1:13HyT­pa 1:1 na rrperroxry MpKe, paheaa rlheTalheM on rJII:IHe, ca MaJII:IM rtpasqecaaanajecxa.

3a XpOHOJIOiliKO onpenerserse crapaje upxse, sa cana HeMa noyanannxnonaraxa. ITOCTOjl:l nonarax 1:13 1587. rOp;I:IHe, xana je xranacrap P;06MOrpepnaa na ce onoopasa nonpaaxa iseroae rponme upxae, aJII:I na He cMl:lje61:1TI:I neha on nperxonae.s! Hamre, n03HaTO je na cy rrpxse y rypcKOM

21 B. nOPOBl1n, NaB. oeno, 211

193

rCA,Il/JSAS 19 (2003) Cxynosa cexunja: - Cpena.osexosaa apxeonoraja

--5~ -,- ~iH.o

,--5I

1 - rrozme onexe2 - nonrrora 0):\MaJITepa

3 - I130JIaLlHOHI1 CJIoj rJIHHe

4 - CJIoj 6noKoBa, nOMJbeHOr KaMeHe H Marrrepa5 - rJ1l.1Ha

en. 5. Ilporpan Q-A y naocy MaHacTllpcKe upxae.Fig. 5. Cross section C-D in the nave of monestery church.

nepaony MOrJIe 6HTH 06HaBJbaHe, a HHKaKO npomapasaae, Te ce MO)l(e3aKJbY'IHTH na ce rrOMHlhe naaanra,a, O;a:HOCHO MJIalja npxsa, OCJIHKaHa no­qeTKOM XVII crorseha, jep je crapaja Mal:bHX ;a:HMeH3Hja. Oaaj nonarax 6HMorao ;a:a yxasce nocpenao H na onpebeuaje narosan.e MJIalje npxse, 063H­pOM na apajesre xoje je norperiao na TaKBa upxsa nocrmje y TpOIliHO cran,e,IlITO 6H je onpenajennno y XV crorsehe, a MO)l(;a:a H panaje. Ha 6JIH)I(enarosaa.e crapnje LlPKBe y oBHpHMa Cpemser nnjexa, yxasyjy nocrojehaapXeOJIOIliKH nonana. Ha<IHH rpa;a:l:be crapnjax sanona HeH36je)l(Ho nasonana nosracao na ce pana 0 npepoaaaaxxoj rpahesaaa - snnaa,e 06HqHHMJIOMJbeHHM KaMeHOM 3aJIHBeHHM MaJITepOM, IlIHpHHa aemro npexo jennorMeTpa,22 OMaJITepHCaHo JIHLle. MaJIe ;a:HMeH3Hje OBe LlPKBe, TaKolje yxasyjy

223a oaaxsy umpaay sanoaa llMaMO 6pojHe ananornje y IIpepOMaHll'IKOM nepnony Ilpa­Mopja, Hilp. T. MARASOVIC, Prilog morfoloskoj klasifikaciji ranosrednjovjekovne arhitekture uDalmaciji, uPrilozi istraiivanju starohrvatske arhitekture, ur. A. Mohorovic, Split 1978,44, sl. l a, 47,sl. la, 3a, 4.

194

IT. ITpaIIlTaJIO HOBl1 nenana a MaHaCTl1py 3aBaJIa

na paao ):\aTOBaIbe.23 1lI1IplIHa 1I3Me~y 31I):\OBa 1I3HOClI 4 m, a lW)KlIHa najeMOrJIa 61ITlI neha 0):\ naaannse (OKO 8,5 m, 6e3 npnnpare) , 0631IpOM narrponopnaje 1I npnpony TepeHa.

Ha TaKBO naroaaise yxasyje 1I non.a rpena cjeaepoacro-raor nposopanaaanra,e IWKBe (Ta6. IV). AY)KlIHe no 37 em, nnrpnae 12 1I p;e6JhlIHe 9 em,yxpamena aa HaqlIH KOjlI CTlIJICKlI onrosapa npeponaaasxoa nepaony, Cy­):\ehlI rro onrrehen.aua, osaj epparMeHT je 61IO ):\y)KlI 1IHeIIITO IIIlIplI. He Tpe6alICKJhyqlITlI MoryhHocT p;a je noanjer ca nexor 06JIlI)Klber MjecTa. OTKPlI­BalbeM OBe crapnje upxse, orsapa ce HOBO mrrarse rrpB06HTHor rronoacaja3aBaJICKe KaMeHe rrJIaCTlIKe, nabeae p;lIjeJIOM y U;PKBlI CB. Ilerpa, a p;HjeJIOM yceny 1I MaHacTHpy. Hamre, HOBOOTKplIBeHa npxsa, nopen HaBe):\eHlIX rrpepo­MaHlIqKlIX xapaxrepacrnxa, lIMa 1I IIIlIPlIHY (OKO 3,8 m) xoja ce CJIa)Ke caIIIlIplIHOM pexoacrpyacane OJITapCKe nperpane (OKO 3,76 m). Ta nonynap­HOCT HeMlIHOBHO aasona aa aaxn.yxax na je ra nperpana npnnanana OBOjU;pKBlI, a p;a je xacaaje npeaajera y U;pKBy CB. Ilerpa, rnje cy HeKlI KOMap;lI 1Inpoaabeaa. CaMlIM TlIM, HOBOOTKplIBeHa npxsa 61I ce MOrJIa ):\aTOBaTlI naj­xacanje y HCTO spajeve xana H rrperpana, 3HaqlI y IX sajex.

I1peoCTaJIH nosrenyra p;lIjeJIOBlI 3aBaJICKe rrJIaCTlIKe, xao IIITO cy yJIOMaKu;H60plIja H naparrerna nno-ra (Ta6. III, 1,3), rra H noxreayra cTy60BH oxroro­HaJIHOr npecajexa, cy CBaKaKO 61IJIlI y HeKOM sehea 06jeKTy, OP;HOCHO U;pKBlI.

CTapHjH 31IP;OBlI acnon CB. I1eTKe MOrJIlI 61I na npencrasn.ajy 1I OCTaTKenpxse, O):\HOCHO MaHacTHpa. He Tpe6a lICKJhyqlITlI HlI MoryhHocT nocrojaisacpemsosjexonaor rpana lIJIlI seher nacersa (caMHM TlIM 1I nexe onehe U;pK­Be), 0631IpOM p;a nocroje, aa cana aenorapbeaa, nonaua na ce y OKOJIHHlIcena 3aBaJIe HaJIa3e pYIIIeBlIHe raxsor rpana, KOjlI ce, HaBop;HO, npsa nyrrrOMlIlbe 1444. rop;lIHe.24

3aBaJIa je npananana cpemsosjexoaaoj )KyrrlI Ilonoso, xoja ce rronan,e yrserorracy rrorra AYKJhaHlIHa.25 To 61I rronpaayajesano nocrojan,e cjennnrra)KyrraHa, OP;HOCHO rpana, Moryhe je na je cjenanrre norroscxor )KyrraHa 61IJIOynpano y 3aBaJIlI.

Y CBaKOM cnysajy, narsrsa ncrpaxomaa,a 61I rperiano p;a y MHorOMenpyzce jacaajy CJIlIKY oaor xpaja,

YAK: 726.7.033(497.6) : 73.033.4.048 : 904-03"653"

23 Taxohe nocroje 6pojHe ananoraje y rrpapOMaHH'IKOM nepaony Ilpaaopja, T. MARASOVIC,

uae. oeno, T. XXV/3, XXVI/la, b, XXVIII/I, 2.24 Flpeua M. VEGO. HaB. oeno, 193.25 Ljetopispapa Dukljanina, uvod, prevod i komentar S. Mijuskovic, Titograd 1967,227.

195

rCA,lJ/JSAS 19 (2003)

PERO PRASTALO

CKynoBH cexnaja: - Cpemsosexosaa apxeonornja

NEW DATA ABOUT ZAVALA MONASTERY

Summary

Village Zavala is about 50 km to the west of Trebinje. Medieval necropoliscalled Crkvina (Petkovica) with remains of two churches, of St. Peter and St.Petka, is situated in the village (fig. 1: 1, 2). Church of St Peter was investigated in1957 and on that occasion were discovered fragments of stone sculpture (plate I,3-6) some of them in the surroundings (plate II, 1-3; III, 1-6) and in the Zavalamonastery (plate II, 4). Zavala monastery (fig. 3) is situated, more precisely cutinto the rocky hill of Ostrog at about half height of the hill, few hundred meters tothe northeast of the village.

Monastery church (fig. 2: 1,2), dedicated to Presentation of the Virgin was ex­cavated in 1958 and 1959 by the Sarajevo Office for protection of cultural monu­ments. New investigations in the Zavala monastery were carried out as part of res­cue excavations of the church in 2001. There were neither portable finds nor strati­graphic data that could support the dating. Within the church, along the north andeast side were discovered older walls (fig. 2: 1) associated with the apse of presentchurch (fig. 4: 2, 5). Technique of building of the older church indicates that it waspre-Romanesque structure - walls of plain rubble stone slightly over 1 meter wide,plastered wall face and small dimensions (width about 4 m and length not over 8,5m). This dating is supported by the cill of northeastern window of present church(plate IV, 2) decorated in the manner that stylistically resembles pre-Romanesqueperiod. Pre-Romanesque sculpture was attributed to the St Peter's church anddated in the 12th century. Analyses revealed that church of St Peter is actuallyGothic and dates from the 14th century.

According to the size, type of material and relief decoration it is possible to re­construct the chancel-screen, which corresponds by its width to the newly discov­ered church and not to the church of St Peter (plate IV). Other parts according tothe same parameters belong to some larger church, which could have been atCrkvina or within the medieval town.

196

rCA,Il/JSAS II. IIpauITaJIo Ta6JIa I

or

°1J I~ i1 ~

;;;t 2~

AlljeJIOBIl KaMeHe rrJIaCTIlKe nponabena Y I.\pKBIl CB. Tlerpa (1-4).Fragments of stone sculpture found in the church of the St Peter (1-4).

Ta6JIa II n. Ilpaurrano (2003)

Kasrena nJiaCTMKa nponahena y OKOJIMHM (1-3); napaneraa nnoxa nponahena y MaHacTMpy3aBaJia (4).

Stone sculpture found in the surroundings (1-3); parapet found in the Zavala monastery (4).

rCA,o/JSAS 19 II. IIpallITaJIO Ta6JIa III

4

2

6

3

)];HjeJIOBH KaMeHe nJiaCTHKe nponabenn y OKOJIHHH (1-6).Fragments of stone sculpture found in surroundings (1-6).

Ta6JIa IV IT. ITpauITaJIo (2003)

o

I__ I

l:--- -- - - -----·-·-;-~l

- - - -- - --- - - -.l. j....'"'--l.

I•IIII

I~ .

!-. -._- - .---------- -'-"r' ,---1I : I______________. 1..:....--·----- -_..__ ._. ------ -L__.l_ ......

-'," "",

\ ,

II,,rt

,/.J,

Moryha pexoncrpyxuaja OJITapCKe nperpane.Possible reconstruction of the chencel-screen.

rCA,lJ/JSAS 19 II. Ilpaurrano Ta6JIa V

.o

)lOlha rpena cjeaepoacro-mor nposopa MaHaCTl1pCKe I.IpKBe.The lower cill of the northeastern window, monastery church.