halo mission on midlatitude cirrus mastertitelformat bearbeiten … · 2009. 11. 2. · slide 1...

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SAMUM – Earth Care Final Data Meeting -

ESA Estec, 03.04.2007 -

Michael Esselborn, DLR

HALO Mission on Midlatitude Cirrus ML - CIRRUS

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre

Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Petzold

with input fromMartina Krämer, Manfred Wendisch, Marc Rautenhaus, Christiane

Voigt

Overview>

Mission status

>

Science background

>

ML-CIRRUS Consortium and Responsibilities

>

Mission Objectives and Examples

>

Scientific Payload

>

Mission Preparation

Status of Mission Preparation

ML-Cirrus awaits certifications

The HALO mission ML-CIRRUS is part of the HALO demonstration missions which will demonstrate the capabilities of the new research aircraft HALO for performing complex atmospheric research studies.

ML-CIRRUS focuses on the investigation of natural cirrus clouds and on cirrus clouds modified by aviation.

The mission is a joint activity of several German research centres and universities.

The ML-CIRRUS Mission requires availability of HALO with certified noseboom, Lidar

window, liquid cooling system, dropsondes, 4

types of inlets, and underwing-PMS-carrierersBecause if delayed availability of these basics, and season-dependent

other missions, ML-CIRRUS is not yet scheduled, possibly in autumn 2010.

HALO will operate from OP, in total 70 flight hours are available. Falcon will operate parallel to HALO for specific flight missions in the Shannon area at the eastern border of the North Atlantic Region NAR, 25 flight hours are available.

Mission status

Cirrus clouds are important modulators’ of Earth-Atmosphere system, e.g. radiative fluxes

Lat cover?

tau?

Ice water con tent

particle size distribution?

particle shape as a function of size?

cirrus formation in a warm conveyor belt calculated using the trajectory tool LAGRANTO [Spichtinger

et al., 2005a].

Colours: pressure; Black lines: potential flight routes.

Cirrus clouds are important modulators’ of Earth- Atmosphere system, e.g. atmospheric dynamics

strong

updraft

pressure/hPa

Warm Conveyor Belt (WCB) cirrus

High pressure cirrus region

moderate updraft

180 200 220 24010-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

CIRRUS SOLVE POLSTAR CRYSTAL-F EUPLEX INCA-NH INCA-SH SCOUT

HN

O3/H

2O m

olar

ratio

in ic

e

T (K)(Voigt, Schlager, Ziereis, Kärcher, Schiller, Krämer, et al., 2006)

Cirrus change atmospheric composition•

e.g. HNO3 uptake: function of temperature and particle sizes

(Schäuble, Voigt et al., ACP, 2009)

HALO-ML-Cirrus Mission Aviation Induced Cirrus (AIC) - Main Goals

Provide observations on AIC to verify that air traffic induces measurable changes of the cirrus cover at time scales of minutes to days. Provide test cases for model simulations of the contrail cirrus formation within and in the lee of major aircraft flight corridors.Determine the quality of meteorological prediction models required to compute the meteorological fields on which AIC formation depends.Investigate the ice particle dynamics and aging processes from particle nucleation until particle aggregation, sedimentation, turbulent mixing, dilution, and dry-out.Look for information which helps to decide whether the AIC is mainly due to contrails (water vapour

emissions or aerodynamically induced) or mainly due to

particle emissions. Find out about the potential of heterogeneously formed ice particle to re-nucleate. Find out about the relationship between contrail properties and the source aircraft.Determine the radiative impact of contrail cirrus and cirrus on

terrestrial radiation.

Look for information which properties determine the role of soot

in ice formation.

HALO-ML-Cirrus Mission Natural Cirrus Cloud (NCC) - Main Goals

Investigation of representative natural mid latitude frontal cirrus and high-pressure system cirrus.Measurement of microphysical, chemical, and radiative properties

of cirrus

including in-cloud as well as clear-sky supersaturation using improved instrumentation.Investigation of the development of macroscopic, microphysical, chemical, and radiative properties during the lifetime of cirrus clouds.Estimation of the radiative properties of natural mid latitude cirrus in order to determine the impact of “anthropogenic perturbations”

(e.g. contrails, additional

heterogeneous IN) more precisely.Reality check for cirrus cloud forecast models in comparison with measurements.Probing the chemical processing of air (halogen activation/denoxification) in orographically induced lee wave cirrus.

DLR -

IPA

Mission coordination, coordination of Aviation Cirrus part.

Operation of Lidar, dropsondes, NOy

, aerosol microphysics, mass spectrometry, air mass tracers PERTRAS, CO, O3

,CO2

Coordination of forecast team with significant contributions from ETH-Z.

FZJ

Measurement of water vapour, cloud microphysics; coordination of Synoptic Cirrus part.

FZK

Measurement of cloud microphysics.

MPI-C

Aerosol mass spectrometry.

IfT

Leipzig

Operation of Counterflow

Virtual Impactor, measurement of cirrus particle residuals.

Univ. Mainz Measurement of cloud microphysics.

Univ. Leipzig Radiation measurements (formerly Univ. Mainz).

Univ. Frankfurt

Measurement of ice nuclei.

Univ. Heidelberg

Operation of a DOAS system.

ML-CIRRUS Consortium and Responsibilities, DFG support

Diurnal cycle of Meteosat-dervived

cirrus cover in phase with traffic over North Atlantic Region

Lidar

measures optical depth and identifies structures which can be explained by contrail cirrus

CALIPSO shows large scale cirrus structures with indications for

avaqiton impact

Examples

Cirrus cover identifcation from Meteosat Data

(Krebs, Mayer et al., 2007)

NAR EUR

MeCiDa algorithm detects cirrus- cover τ>0.2 at day and night from the 7 Seviri-IR channels, 15 min, 3-5 km resolution

ATD und MeCiDa

for 3 days

Time/h0 6 12 18 24

Cirr

us C

over

0.370

0.375

0.380

0.385

0.390

0.395

0.400

0.405

ATD

/(km

-1 h

-1)

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Annual mean cirrus cover and air traffic density (ATD)

Δc ≅

1 %

2 to 6 h delay

Δc ≅

1 % is about 2 x more than expected line-shaped contrails cover (Marquardt et al., 2003)

Can we explain amplitude and delay time?

Amplitude of OLR-signal: 30 x larger than predicted!?(Graf et al., 2009)

Cirrus mapping Falcon flight on 18-10-2008 3-D View of HSRL Backscatter ratio at 532 nm

(M. Wirth et al., 2008)

complete layer without hot spots

Cirrus Mapping 18-10-2008 Backscatter and optical depth: Contrail cirrus

(Wirth et al., 2008)

Lidar-HSRL-tau can be explained by cirrus from ECMWF superposed by contrails from CoCiP model

(Schumann and Wirth, EGU, 2009)

CALIPSO: Synoptic cirrus in November 2007 over NAR:

extending 1000 km N-S and 5 km vertically

(data collected by S. Kox)

CALIPSO: Contrail Cirrus over the NAR?

(S. Kox, K. Graf, A. Dörnbrack, M. Rautenhaus, U. Schumann)

CALIPSO: Contrail Cirrus over the NAR?

HALO Range

for return flights to OP without re-fuelling stops.

Assumptions:full payload including 4 persons on board;max fuel 35000 lbconsumption 3000 lb/h

Generic HALO flight pattern for the outbound NAR survey flight traversing the North Atlantic Region (NAR), heading to Gander (CYQX) for an overnight stop; refuelling stop is planned for Shannon (EINN).

Generic HALO flight pattern for the inbound NAR survey flight flight leeward of the main traffic routes, taking off from Gander, heading to Oberpfaffenhofen.

Study regions for WCB cirrus (red) and HP cirrus (green):Different velocity regimes of cirrus clouds in the vicinity of a

warm conveyor belt

[from Spichtinger et al., 2005]. Reddish colours

indicate stronger vertical updrafts, triggered by the warm conveyor belt, whereas bluish colours

indicate

low vertical updrafts, associated with the companioning high-pressure system.

Generic HALO flight pattern for a WCB flight, combining the probing of the WCB inflow region and the cirrus region.

Vertical profile of the flight pattern for a combined remote sensing and in-situ probing of cirrus clouds.

Lidar-MTP level FL 400, including dropsonde release

cloud topcloud centre

cloud base

Albedometer level FL 270

WCB cirrus at FL 300

horizontal extension

altit

ude

/ hft

Lidar-MTP level FL 400, including dropsonde release

cloud topcloud centre

cloud base

Albedometer level FL 270

WCB cirrus at FL 300

horizontal extension

altit

ude

/ hft

Vertical profile for Cirrus RS and In-Situ Flight

April

Sufficient cloud ice water content at 300 - 200 hPa in all seasons

(M. Rautenhaus)

November

Active aerosol & cloud remote sensing H2O DIAL + HSR channel

DLR -

IPA

H2

O and cirrus profiles

Aerosol properties Aerosol/ice size distribution,

DLR-IPA interstitial aerosol properties,

SP-2, absorption photometer DLR-IPA soot particle number and mass Aerosol mass spectrometer

MPI-C

aerosol chemical composition

Activated aerosol fraction INC and frost point hygrometer

Uni

F

potential ice nuclei fraction

Cloud microphysics & optics Small ice detector

FZK

cirrus particle morphology

Cloud Combination Probe

Uni

MZ

ice particle size distribution Cloud and Precipitation Probe FZJ

Cloud residuals CVI + aerosol microphysics

IfT

ice cloud residual properties

Water vapour, total water FISH

FZJ

H2

O and IWC HAI FZJ/FZK/HD H2

O -TDL, gas-phase H2

O ISOWAT

FZK

gas-phase H2

O

ML-CIRRUS Instrumentation and Support

Energy Budget: SPARM (solar, spectral)

LIM

radiances, irradiances

Pyrgeometer

(terrest., integral)

DLR

Trace gases

LIMB DOAS Uni

HD H2

O partitioning, extinction, CO2

, CH4, NO2

, OClO, BrO O3

, CO

DLR-IPA air mass tracers PERTRAS

DLR-IPA perfluorcarbon

air mass tracer

gaseous and

particulate NOy

DLR-IPA aviation tracer, cirrus effects on O3

AIMS (ionisation MS )

DLR-IPA

heterogeneous chemistry

Meteorology: dropsondes

DLR-IPA

vertical profiles of p, T, RH, wind

microwave temperature profiler DLR-IPA

T profile in-situ vertical wind, p, T, RH

HALO

Cirrus and Contrail Forecast: Contrail-Cirrus prediction tool

DLT-IPA

Natural cirrus prediction ETH-Z and flight planning


Demonstrator for the Spaceborne Mission Water vApor

Lidar Experiment in Space

Instrument Features:

•

simultaneous H2

O measurement at four wavelength (coverage of boundary layer to lower stratosphere; humidity measurement inside cirrus clouds)

•

aerosol characterisation: backscatter, extinction (HSRL), depolarisation, colour ratio

Multi-wavelength LIDAR WALES

ML-CIRRUS Instrumentation and SupportHALO Inlets:

L: Counterflow

Virtual

Impactor

R: Interstitial

aerosol inlet

L: Standard trace

gas inlet

R: HAI (H2

O -

TDL)

SID3

CAPS

MTP

CCPCAS-DPOL

UHSAS-A


Floorplan

Rack # Instrument Partner Measured property

#5, 6, 14, 15

H2

O DIAL + HSR channel

DLR-IPA H2

O profile, 100m vertical

resolution, 1 km horizontal resolution; vertical

profiles

of aerosol/cirrus

properties

such as extinction, depolarisation, lidar ratio

and colour

ratio, vertical

resolution

15 m, horizontal resolution

20 m.

#1 CVI inlet

+ aerosol microphysics

IfT microphysical

properties

of cloud

residual particles

#2 IN counter

FINCH Uni F, IAP ice

nuclei

activation

#3 FISH FZJ water

vapour

mixing

ratio

#3 H2

O -TDL HAI FZJ, FZK, PCI water

vapour

mixing

ratio

#3 ISOWAT FZK water

vapour

mixing

ratio

#9 SP-2 DLR-IPA number

concentration

of soot

particles

#9 SPARM LIM irradiance

solar

#11 gas +

particulate

NOy DLR-IPA NO, NOy

mixing

ratio

#12 ALABAMA MPI-C, IAP aerosol chemical

composition

#17 AIMS DLR-IPA SO2

or

HCl, HNO3

mixing

ratios

by

mass

spectrometry

#18 AMETYST DLR-IPA particle

number

concentration

and size

distribution

(D = 5 -

300 nm) by

multi-

channel

CPC and Twin-DMA;aerosol absorption

at 460, 530 and 660 nm by

multi-wavelength

PSAP;size

distribution

of total and of non-volatile

aerosol by

thermodenuder methods

Rack # Instrument Partner Measured property

#19 AMTEX DLR-IPA O3 mixing

ratio

#19 AMTEX DLR-IPA CO mixing

ratio

#19 PERTRAS Sampler DLR-IPA Air mass

tracer

sampling

system

#20 Dropsondes DLR-IPA Dropsondes alternative to PERTRAS

#20 PERTRAS Release (opt.) DLR-IPA/UniW Air mass

tracer

release

system

#21 Mini DOAS (Boil

room) IUP UV (NO2

, O3

, SO2

, HCHO, BrO, OClO, HONO)

PMS UHSAS DLR-IPA size

distribution

of accumulation

mode particles

by

optical

methods

PMS CAS-D DLR-IPA size

distribution

of accumulation

mode particles

and of cloud/dust

particles

by

optical

methods

PMS CAPS FZJ size

distribution

and morphology

of ice

crystals

and aerosols

PMS SID KIT ice

crystal

shape

and size

distribution

PMS CCP IAP Ice

crystal

shape

PMS MTP DLR-IPA/IMF temperature

profile

DFG funded

projects/instruments

are

highlighted.

Certification

Timeline Instruments:

Completion of certification documents for submission to MPL expected for end of February 2010.

First iteration of documents for in-cabin experiments (NOy, DLR Mass Spectrometer) and PMS instruments with MPL in preparation.

Lidar certification documents finished and submitted to MPL, awaiting response.

Mission certification pending, progress after next meeting with MPL.

Next Steps

Rack integration test scheduled for 28 -

29 October 2009.

Final adjustments for cabin layout and inlet configuration after

the instrument integration test.

Status

Support required from DFG HALO SPP Phase 2

ML-CIRRUS will provide an extensive data set on aerosol -

cirrus interaction and resulting radiative effects.

In Phase1 of the HALO SPP, DFG supported the development and application of several instruments on board of HALO and the testing of instruments at AIDA.

As part of Phase 2 of the HALO SPP, the ML-CIRRUS consortium requires support in the post-campaign phase:

o

HALO flight planning support tool.o

Joint data analysis tools for fixed instrument combinations for specific research subjects (aerosol, water, clouds, radiation).

o

Instrument testing, e.g. in AIDA chamber, for given instrument combination.o

Support of the data analysis process after the experiment

o

Development of cirrus modelling (e.g. 3d effects, WCB, sedimentation, nucleation etc.)

o

Comparison to other remote sensing data (Meteosat, Calipso, ATSR, ground- based Lidar, etc.)

halo mission on midlatitude cirrus mastertitelformat bearbeiten … · 2009. 11. 2. · slide 1...

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