hamster’s (cricetus cricetus) protection in alsace · protection in alsace : use of...
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Hamster’s (Cricetus cricetus) protection in Alsace :
Use of Agri-environmental measures in a collective approach
Anne GAUTIER, Head of Agricultural Service Departmental Direction of Territory, Bas-Rhin (DDT 67)
28 september 2017, Brussels – Workshop « Making an effective useof the support possibilities under the Rural Development Policy »
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Presentation
plan
A) Cricetus cricetus : a threatened specie in an agricultural habitat
B) Adapting agri-environmental tool to local needs (2013-2018)
C) Key issues for succes
D) Perspectives
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A) Cricetus cricetus : a threatened specie in an agricultural habitat
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A) Cricetus cricetus : a wild hamster
• Habitat = open field, steppe, 150m around burrow
• Hibernates – only 6 month for reproduction cycle and food stores
• Predation pressure (foxes, raptors…)• « Umbrella specie » for small plain fauna
20 to 27 cm ; 200 g to 1kg
Domesticated hamster: 13 à 18 cm
Wild hamster
=> Habitat quality = Diversified vegetation, from april to september
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January February March
April May June July August September October November December
Hibernation end
Hibernation start
Period of activityBreeding – Accumulation of food reserves
Period of Activity
Hibernation period
Need of protection & food (vegetal cover)
Spring crop
Harvest
Sowing
Height of crop cover
Crop + hibernation output protection
Winter straw cereals
Sowing
HarvestHeight of crop cover Non-harvest
(near burrows)Crop + protection during the
accumulation of reserves
• French strategy : conciliate biodiversity & economical activity (National Action Plans). • Sensitive topic for farmers : Volontary approach.
=> Collective Agri-Environmental Measure, in order to improve local quality of habitatand to take into account changes in hamsters' location each year
A) Cricetus cricetus : habitat issues
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B) Adapting agri-environmental tool to local needs (2013-2018)
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B) Adapting agri-environmental tool to local needs (2013-2018)
• Objective : improve local quality of hamster’s habitat, at a territory level.
- at least 24 % of « favorable crops » (winter wheat, alfalfa)
- sowing wheat near the identified burrows (automn meetings)
• Creation of a regional farmer’s association : AFSAL
- strong cooperation with agriculture chamber & public partners (State, Region, Hunting & Wild Life Agency..)
- 30 meetings / year.
• Mecanism : € / ha of fav. Crops(depending on collective%)
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B) Adapting agri-environmental tool to local needs : a relative success
• Increasing commitment of farmers since 2013 :• From 5 to 11 collective areas• Commitment of 65 to 158 farmers• Concerted crop rotation from 1297 ha to 2920 ha = 37 % of protected
area (ZPS) • 35 % of favorable crops in 2016 in areas under AE commitment,
compared to 20 % in the rest of Alsace plaine
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20160.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
Favorable crop rates (wheat, alfalfa)within agricultural crops
as a percentage of the useful agricultural area
Rhine plain, out of hamster areas
Hamster areas not yet engaged in the MAE (about 4900 hec-tares)
Hamster areas in the MAE (about 3000 hectares
Year
pe
rce
nta
ge
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B) Adapting agri-environmental tool to local needs : benefits for hamster ?
Number of burrows fluctuates (cf. protocol limits).
Beginning of a stabilization trend ?
Vulnerability of populations ?
Year Year
number of burrows surveyed, averaged over 3 years
Number of spring burrows surveyedNumber of municipalities with burrows surveyed
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C) Key issues
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C) Key issues for succes
• Innovative AEC requires specific ressources : complexity of legal frame and need for specific tools. Specific budget.
• Strong coordination between numerus stakeholders Wide stakeholder engagement : National and local public services, researchers, communities, project leaders, farmers … Meetings, working groups : time.
• Farmers motivation for voluntary engagement :– Collective discussions with neighbours, agronomical reflexion– Economical benefits (CAP delay)– Contribute to biodiversity protection
– Negative points : 5 years contract, dependance on the group for subsidy level, agronomic complexity
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C) Key issues : gouvernance
Farmers group
AFSALFarmers’
NGO
DDT Local StateAgriculture
Units
French ministriesAgriculture
Environment(MTES-DREAL,
MAA-DRAAF) EuropeanCommission
ManagingAuthority : Grand Est
Region
Farmers group
Farmers group
Legal FrameworkAnimation - Instruction
Experimentation :LIFE ALISTER
Chamber of agric.ONCFS…
Collective knowledgeInnovation
ASPPayingAgency
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D) Prospect
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D) Prospect• 2018-2022 : discussing improved collective measure
- result bonus for parcels with at least one burrow- favorable crops : winter mix, summer interculture, alfalfa harvest
• Preparing next National Action Plan : global approach (habitat, predation, urbanisation, climate change, communication...)
• Deepen links with field experiment (innovations through Life Alister european programm, farmers initiatives, international exchanges, etc)
• Adress interaction with sensitive political context : Strasbourg highway project GCO-ACOS, CAP paying delays, agricultural crisis…
=> Emblematic biodiversity issue, for French autorities & farmers
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Thank you for attention
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Annexes
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A) Cricetus cricetus in France : western area of a « steppe specie »
Alsace territorie’s plain, Grand Est region
Deep soils, open field, continental climate
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M. Tissier (2017) Overview of the European area of distribution of Cricetus cricetus in 1970 (top), 2000(middle) and 2010 (bottom). Light orange represents updated data and highlights a fragmentation of the European area of distribution of the species. Dark blue represents the ‘initial’ area of distribution (in 1970) or a lack of updated data (2000 and 2010). (adapted from (Banaszek, 2015)).
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M. Tissier (2017) Overview of the European area of distribution of Cricetus cricetus in 1970 (top), 2000(middle) and 2010 (bottom). Light orange represents updated data and highlights a fragmentation of the European area of distribution of the species. Dark blue represents the ‘initial’ area of distribution (in 1970) or a lack of updated data (2000 and 2010). (adapted from (Banaszek, 2015)).
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« Burrow bonus » : in next MAEC ?
• Average distance around burrow : 172m ♂ ♀132m
• Objective : stimulate dispersion of hamster population• Bonus for every parcel containing at least one burrow
surveyed in april (official survey in winter crops, by Hunting & Wild Life Agency ONCFS)
Winter cropSpring crop
1 bonus 1 bonus 1 bonus
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• « Old emmemy of farmers » : subsidies for destruction until 80s.
A) From threatened crops to threatened specie
• Protection : Bern convention 1990, French National Plans since 2000, European litigation since 2000
• France strategy : combinate economical and environmental issues
• Sensitive issue : Volontary approch for farmers.
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Annexe : ZPS
Zone Nord : 3 000 ha
Zone Centre : 4 400 ha
Zone Sud : 1 600 ha
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Annexe : les zones collectives au sein des ZPS
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Annexe : les zones collectives au sein des ZPS
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Annexe : les zones collectives au sein des ZPS