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Gerald Routschka, Hartmut Wuthnow
Handbook of Refractory Materials
Ger
ald
Ro
uts
chka
Har
tmut
Wut
hnow
Hand
book
of R
efra
ctor
y M
ater
ials
Des
ign
| Pro
pert
ies
| Tes
ting
s4th
Edi
tion
Design | Properties | Testings4th Edition
ExcEllEncE in REfRactoRiEs
www.rhi-ag.com
The best refractory solutions for our customers.
Worldwide.
RHI AG, 1100 Vienna, Wienerbergstraße 9, Austria Phone: +43 (0) 502 13-0, Fax: +43 (0) 502 13-6213, E-mail: [email protected]
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SAINT-GOBAIN IndustrieKeramik Düsseldorf GmbHKappeler Str. 105 · 40597 Düsseldorf
SAINT-GOBAIN IndustrieKeramikRödental GmbH
Oeslauer Straße 35 · D-96472 RödentalTel. +49 (0) 9563 724-0
Fax +49 (0) 9563 724-206
www.refractories.saint-gobain.com [email protected]
Blast furnace and steel industry– CORANIT® (sialon bonded corundum)– CORANIT® AL (sialon bonded corundum)– SICANIT® AL3 (sialon bonded SiC)– REFRAX® 20 SBF (nitride bonded SiC)– SiC 85P (oxide bonded SiC)– MONOCORAL (high alumina pre-fabricated material)– MS4 (high alumina brick)
FoundryMonolithics for induction furnace for ferrous- and non-ferrous metals industry– Vibration mix– Castable– Ramming mix
Heat treatment furnace– Carbofrax® (classic oxide bonded material) – Refrax® (our brand for the nitride bonded Saint-
Gobain SiC-qualities) – Carbofrax® BASIC (oxide bonded silicon carbide) – Refrax® BASIC (nitride bonded silicon carbide) – Refrax® PLUS (new single fired product with
special additive for improved oxidation resistance) – Refrax® TOP (new double fired premium product
with special additive for best oxidation resistance)– AL100 (classic high alumina product)– SILIT (dense nitride bonded SiC for special
applications in WTE) – Mullite
Waste-to-Energy plant– Carbofrax® (classic oxide bonded material) – Refrax® (our brand for the nitride bonded Saint-Gobain SiC-qualities) – Carbofrax® BASIC (oxide bonded silicon carbide) – Refrax® BASIC (nitride bonded silicon carbide) – Refrax® PLUS (new single fired product with special additive for improved
oxidation resistance) – Refrax® TOP (new double fired premium product with special additive for best
oxidation resistance)
Chemistry/petro-chemical industry– AL 100 (dense alumina brick)– RI 34 (insulating refractory brick)– RI 34 (insulating castable)– SUPCAST (castable)– ZirchromTM (dense chromium
oxide brick)
Wear protection– CAST REFRAX (silicon nitride bonded
SiC for complicated shapes)– SILIT (silicon infiltrated SiC (SiSiC))– DURAFRAX (alumina-ceramic)– ZAC 1681 (fused zirconium oxide,
alumina, silicon oxide)– Hexoloy® (pressureless sintered
Alpha-SiC)
Expert refractory solutions
St_Gobain_Anz_165x230_4c.indd 1 03.05.12 11:18
Refractory Materials
Gerald Routschka, Hartmut Wuthnow (Editors)
Handbook of
Refractory Materials
Design – Properties – Testing
4th edition
IV
Bibliographic information from the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library)
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic information is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
ISBN 978-3-8027-3162-4
© 2012 Vulkan-Verlag GmbH Huyssenallee 52–56, 45128 Essen, Germany Tel.: +49 201 82002-0, Internet: www.vulkan-verlag.de
Project management: Stephan Schalm, [email protected] Proofreading: Loren Mark Hamersley
Production: Norbert Nickel Cover design: Dipl.-Des. Nilofar Mokhtarzada Setting: e-Mediateam Michael Franke, Bottrop, Germany Print: Druckerei Chmielorz GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany
All rights reserved. This handbook, including all figures and tables, is protected by copyright. Any uti-lization outside the limits of copyright laws without the express consent of the publishing company is prohibited and punishable by law. This applies specifically for copying, translation, microfilming, stor-age and processing in electronic systems.
The listing of utility names, trade names, descriptions or names of products etc. without any special marking or designation in this handbook does not allow the presumption that such names are consid-ered free in the sense of the trademark and trademark protection laws, and can, consequently, be use by any person.
English translation and terminology expertise were provided by Loren Mark Hamersley, Hattersheim, Germany, and Janet Hamersley, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
This handbook was prepared with much care and devotion. Nonetheless, authors and publishing com-pany do not assume responsibility for the correctness of data, comments, suggestions and possible printing errors.
Every problem has an inherent solution
Industry-recognized independent laboratory form standard testing compliant with EN, DIN, ISO, ASTM, PREm claims handlingm developmentm consulting
Rheinstrasse 58 56203 Höhr-Grenzhausen GERMANY
Partneringm the resources industry m manufacturersm and users of refractory materials and systems
www.difk.de
We support our customers in
• Consultations
• Engineering
• Quality Planning
• Material Selection
• Supply of Materials
• Installation Planning
• Turnkey Installation
• Site Supervision
• Quality Control
• Drying of Refractory
• Maintenance
• Documentation OOMS-ITTNER-HOF GmbH Siegburger Straße 241 D-50679 Köln Telefone +49(0)221-824-2943 Telefax +49(0)221-824-2244 E-Mail: [email protected]
www.ooms-ittner-hof.de
Rhein-Main branch office Robert-Bosch-Straße 9 D-64293 Darmstadt Telefone +49(0)6151-3303-622 Telefax +49(0)6151-3303-660 E-Mail: [email protected]
Engineering, Execution, Maintenance Chimney & Refractory Construction Concrete Repair
OOMS-ITTNER-HOF GmbH A member of the STRABAG SE group
Ooms-Ittner-Hof-Anz_40x167_4c.indd 1 17.04.12 17:20
VII
With the 4th edition having a completely new appearance the publishing company and editors continue the tradition of previous editions of the pocket manual “Refractory Materials”.
The modern and contemporary makeup contains once again many chapters of this stan-dard work which were in part written by new authors.
Further supplements and updates are to be found in the appendices, literature lists, standard lists and the index.
For the first time a version is available in disc form in addition to the handbook itself. The disc contains more information than provided in the book in form of publications focusing on refractory materials. Consequently, the e-book gives the user more flexibility and mobility when working with the handbook.
The editors thank the authors for their constructive work and contributions which will once again contribute to the success and dissemination of the handbook.
St. Augustin, Bonn, Germany 2012 Gerald Routschka, Hartmut Wuthnow
Preface to 4th edition
We support our customers in
• Consultations
• Engineering
• Quality Planning
• Material Selection
• Supply of Materials
• Installation Planning
• Turnkey Installation
• Site Supervision
• Quality Control
• Drying of Refractory
• Maintenance
• Documentation OOMS-ITTNER-HOF GmbH Siegburger Straße 241 D-50679 Köln Telefone +49(0)221-824-2943 Telefax +49(0)221-824-2244 E-Mail: [email protected]
www.ooms-ittner-hof.de
Rhein-Main branch office Robert-Bosch-Straße 9 D-64293 Darmstadt Telefone +49(0)6151-3303-622 Telefax +49(0)6151-3303-660 E-Mail: [email protected]
Engineering, Execution, Maintenance Chimney & Refractory Construction Concrete Repair
OOMS-ITTNER-HOF GmbH A member of the STRABAG SE group
Ooms-Ittner-Hof-Anz_40x167_4c.indd 1 17.04.12 17:20
www . r a t h - g r o u p . c o m
Rath offers total solutions made of high-quality refractory
products, which fulfill in practice what we promise. This
guarantees our wide range of innovative products out of
own production. Our product variety ensures the ideal
selection of material to implement adequate concepts
for high temperature applications up to 1850°C.
Even if it is substantial, we are there on-site. Our qualified
supervisors and highly experienced technicians implement
our know-how at the construction site. We are there to the
end. That’s for sure.
Top
tech
nolo
gy fo
r ind
ivid
ual r
efra
ctor
y so
lutio
ns.
Rath-Anzeige-Feuerfestlosungen-engl 2_Layout 1 12.04.12 16:05 Seite 1
IX
Authors
Ing. (grad) Jochen Allenstein Wambesco GmbH Bahnenstraße 35 47443 Moers, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2.8
Dr.-Ing. Peter Bartha Alexander Tutsek-Stiftung Karl-Theodor-Straße 27 80803 München, Germany Chapter 4.2.4; 4.2.5
Dipl.-Ing. Carola Batt-Michel ALUinside AG Römergasse 32 4058 Basel, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 6.4
Dr.-Ing. Fred Brunk P-D Refractories Niederlassung Dr. C. Otto GmbH Dr.-C.-Otto-Straße 222 44879 Bochum, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1
Mag. Bernd Buchberger RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 1.6
DI Dr. Gerald Buchebner RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2; 4.2.1; 4.2.2; 4.2.3; 4.2.6
Dr. Margareta Bugajski 9500 Villach, Austria Chapter 5.9
Dipl.Ing. Helmut Dösinger RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 6.1
Ing. Wilfried Eckstein RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 5.8
Dr.-Ing. Albrecht Fickel Ceramic Consulting Am Rabersbach 34 96472 Rödental, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.5
Dr. Vera Finke Rath GmbH Krefelder Straße 680-682 41066 Mönchengladbach, Germany E-mail: vera. Finkerath-group.com Chapter 7.3
X
Dipl.-Ing. Reiner Friebe Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 7 56203, Höhr-Grenzhausen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 9
Dipl.-Ing. Gerald Gelbmann RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2.6
Dipl.-Min. Edmund Goerenz BURTON GmbH + Co. KG Barkhausener Straße 55 49328 Melle, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.2.2; 4.1.3; 4.1.9.2
Dipl. Geol. Johannes Hartenstein Magnesita Refractories GmbH Dolomitstraße 10 58099 Hagen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2.7; Appendix pp. 335-362
Dipl.-Ing. Valentina Hesse BURTON GmbH + Co. KG Barkhausener Straße 55 49328 Melle, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.7
Dr. rer. nat. Dieter Heumannskämper Morgan Molten Metal Systems GmbH Noltinastr. 29 37297 Berkatal, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.6.3
Dr.-Ing. Helge Jansen Refratechnik Steel GmbH Schiessstrasse 58 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2.2
Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jürgen Klischat Refratechnik Cement GmbH Rudolf-Winkel-Straße 1 37079 Göttingen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2.1; 4.2.4; 4.2.5
Dipl.-Min. Hartmut Körber DIFK Deutsches Institute für Feuerfest und Keramik GmbH An der Elisabethkirche 27 53113 Bonn, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.8
Dipl.-Ing. Volker Krasselt Promat GmbH Schleifenkamp 16 40878 Ratingen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 7.1; 7.2
Dipl.-Ing. Rudolf Krebs Udetstraße 17 53757 St. Augustin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapters 5.1 to 5.7
Dr. rer. nat. Hans Leistner E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.9.1
XI
Dipl.-Ing. Eva Leopold SEPR Keramik GmbH & Co. KG Frankenwerft 5 50667 Köln, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.10
Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Peter Leukel STEULER KCH GmbH Georg-Steuler-Straße 175 56195 Höhr-Grenzhausen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.8
Mag. Dr. Christian Majcenovic RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 1.1; 1.2; 1.5; 1.6
Dipl.-Ing. Peter Nebgen Vhi GmbH Klingelswiese 2 56626 Andernach, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 8
Rainer Neuböck RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2; 4.2.3 to 4.2.3.3
Dr. Peter Nold Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich GmbH Walldürner Straße 50 74736 Hardheim, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 2
Dr. Javier Pascual RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.91
Dr. rer. nat. Karl-Theodor Piel Wöhler Str. 5 41515 Grevenbroich, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.4
Dr. mont. Jürgen Puhl RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 1.6; 4.1.9.1
Dr. Mag. Peter Ramminger RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 10
Dr. Viktoria Reiter RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 5.9
Dr.-Ing. Andreas Rendtel ESK Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG Max-Schaidhauf-Straße 25 87437 Kempten, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.9.3
XII
Dipl.-Min. Hans Karl Rothfuss Vesuvius Gelsenkirchener Str. 10 46325 Borken Westfalen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 6.2; 6.3
Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Gerald Routschka Ankerstraße 34 53757 St. Augustin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 2; 3; 4.1.2.2; 5.9; 9; 9.1; 9.2; 9.3; 11; Appendix pp. 263–334
Dipl.-Min. Klaus Santowski RHI AG Magnesitstrasse 2 8700 Leoben, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.2.1; 4.1.6.1; 4.1.6.2
Dipl.-Ing. Jochen Schnelle Drache Umwelttechnik GmbH Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 24-26 65582 Diez, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 6.4
Dr. Andreas Schnittker SGL CARBON GmbH Stoofstraße 27 65933 Frankfurt am Main, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.4
Dipl.-Ing. Steinar Slagnes Sibelco Nordic AS 6146 Aaheim, Norway E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.2.8
Dr. Peter Umland 65326 Aarbergen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 4.1.6.1
Dipl.-Min. Hartmut Wuthnow DIFK Deutsches Institut für Feuerfest und Keramik GmbH An der Elisabethkirche 27 53113 Bonn, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chapter 3; 11; Appendix pp. 263-334
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